The total continent of Antarctica, from its mountains to the seas full of blue whales, emperor penguins and leopard seals, is, by means of international agreement, classified as a nature preservE. The Antarctic Treaty took effect in 1998, and doesn’t allow mining and oil drilling for at least fifty years anywhere within the boundaries of AntarcticA. The treaty places a strong emphasis on the protection of the natural environment but not development. All wildlife threats including dogs and chemicals used for killing pests are also banneD. The agreement has been set by some countries to keep Antarctica free of commercialism and industrial development. This agreement was signed in 1991 by the 26 leading nations with scientific interest in the lanD. Some of the nations in the agreement are the United States, Russia, China, India, Japan, Argentina, Brazil, and most of the primary European nations. The rules made by this treaty ended over 15 years of lobbying（游说）by environmental groups and put a stop to diplomatic(外交的）talks. In addition to preventing all oil drilling and mining, the 35 scientific outposts(前哨站） on Antarctica are required to remove all rubbish and clean up all places where unwanted waste is left. It keeps scientific stations from discharging untreated waste water into the surrounding waters. Sled dogs were what explorers like Norway’s Roald Amundsen used to reach the South Pole in 1911. Dogs, however, were banned because they are a recent danger to the penguins and other native birds. With laws enforced(实施）in 26 nations, each nation will be responsible for enforcing the rules individually. If the country’s government refuses to become involved when its citizens disobey the rules, the other nations would apply pressure to solve the issuE. There are many people who see this treaty as an environmental success story. 55. The Antarctic Treaty was signed to ________. A. attract more tourists to Antarctica B. protect the environment of Antarctica C. forbid diplomatic talks between countries D. promote scientific research on Antarctica 56. Dogs are forbidden on Antarctica because they________ . A. may pollute the surrounding environment B. are a threat to the birds there C. are of little use there D. may face a great threat 57. We can infer from the text that________. A. environmental groups are satisfied with the Antarctic Treaty B. it is difficult to enforce the treaty C. there are no natural resources on Antarctica D. tourism is not allowed on Antarctica 58. Which of the following is TRUE about the Antarctic Treaty? A. Some countries have broken the rules of it. B. It was signed in 1998. C. It’s effective in protecting the environment of AntarcticA. D. It fails to achieve its original purposE.

南昌市南昌二中高三冲刺模拟考试B.篇IntheCaucasusregionofRussianearly50outofevery100000peoplelivetocelebratetheir100thbirthdayandmanydon’tstopat100!BycomparisoninAmericaonly3peoplein100000reach100.ButtheseRussianoldpeoplearen’talone.ThePakistaniswholivehighintheHimalayaMountainsandtheEcuadoransoftheAndesMountainsseemtosharethesecretoflonglifetoo.Thesepeopleremainhealthyinbodyandspiritdespitethepassageoftime.Whilemanyolderpersonsinindustrialsocietiesbecomeweakandillintheir60sand70ssomeCaucasiansaged100to140workinthefieldsbesidetheirgreat-great-grandchildren.Eventheideaofagingisforeigntothem.Whenaskedatwhatagedoesyouthend?mostoftheseoldpeoplehadnoanswer.SeveralrepliedWellperhapsatage80.Whataccountsforthisabilitytosurvivetosucholdageandtosurvivesowell?Firstofallhardphysicalworkisawayoflifeforalloftheselong-livedpeople.Theybegintheirlongdaysofphysicallaboraschildrenandneverseemtostop.ForexampleMr.RustamMamedovis142yearsofage.Hiswifeis116yearsold.Theyhavebeenmarriedfor90years.Mr.Mamedovhasnointentionofretiringfromhislifeasafarmer.Why?WhatelsewouldIdo?heasks.Allthesepeoplegethealthfulrewardsfromtheenvironmentinwhichtheywork.Theyallcomefrommountainousregions.Theyliveandworkatelevationsof1660to1000metersabovesealevel.Theairhaslessoxygenandispollution-free.Thisreduced-oxygenenvironmentmakestheheartandbloodvesselsystemstronger.Anotherfactorthatmaycontributetothegoodhealthofthesepeopleistheirisolation.Toagreatextent.Theyareseparatedfromthepressuresandworriesofindustrialsociety.Inheritedfactorsalsoplaysomerole.Mostofthelongest-livedpeoplehadparentsandgrandparentswhoalsoreachedveryoldages.Goodfamilygenesmaythereforebeonefactorinlivinglonger.Itisclearthatisolationfromurbanpressuresandpollutioncleanmountainairdailyhardwordmoderatedietsgoodgenesandayouthfulapproachtolifeallcontributetothehealthandlonglifeofallthesepeople.59.IntheCausasusregionofRussianhowmanypeoplecanreachtheageof100in10000?A.5B.3C.50D.1000060.TheexampleofMrandMrsMamedovimpliesthat___________.A.someCaucasiansaged100to140becomeweak.B.someCaucasiansaged100to140aretoooldtoworkinthefields.C.physicalworkcontributesalottotheirlonglife.D.someCaucasiansaged100to140arestillworkinginthefieldsbesidestheirgreat-great-grandchildren.61.Whatisthemainwayoflifeforalloftheselong-livedpeople?A.RetiringfromtheirlivesasfarmersB.Havingbeenmarriedfor90yearsC.HardphysicalworkD.Nointentions62.Atelevationsof1220to1000metersabovesealeveltheair______A.haslessoxygenB.ispollutionC.ispollution-freeD.bothA.andC.63.Thefollowingfactorsexcept_________contributetothehealthandlonglifeofallthesepeople.A.cleanmountainairB.dailyhardworkC.stressandpressureD.goodgenes

07·天津E.篇Whenwethinkofleadershipweoftenthinkofstrengthandpower.Butwhatarethesereallyandhowdotheyoperate?Leadershiptodayisnotaboutforcingotherstodothings.Ifthisisevenpossibleitisshort-termandtendstobackfirE.Ifyouordersomeonetodosomethingagainsttheirwilltheymaydoitbecausetheyfeeltheymustbuttheangertheyfeelwilldomoreharminthelong-termTheywillalsoexperiencefear.Fearcausesthethinkingbraintoshutdownmakingthepersonunabletofunctionathisorherbest.Iftheyassociateyouwiththisemotionoffear.Theywillbecomelessfunctionalaroundyouandyouwillhavesucceededinnotonlyshootingyourselfinthefoot.butpossiblymakingaverygoodemployeeorpartnerunabletoperformeffectively.Fearhasnoplaceinleadership.Thewayweinfluencepeopleinalastingwayisbyourowncharacterandourunderstandinganduseofemotion.Wecanordersomeonetodosomethingwhichmaybepartoftheworkday;orwecanemploythemattheemotionallevelsotheybecamefullydevotedtotheprojectsandprovidesomeoftheirownmotivation积极性.Today’sworkplaceisallaboutrelationshipsAnyoneworksharderinapositiveenvironmentinwhichtheyarerecognizedandvaluedasahumanbeingaswellasaworker..EveryoneproducesjustabitmoreforsomeonetheylikE.Leadersunderstandthewaythingswork.Theyknowthepaycheckisnotthesinglemostmotivatingfactor因素intheworklifeofmostpeoplE.Thetruestrengthofleadershipisaninnerstrengththatcomesfromtheconfidenceofemotionalintelligence---knowingyourownemotionsandhowtohandlethemandthoseofothers.Developingyouremotionalintelligenceisthesinglebestthingyoucandoifyouwanttodevelopyourrelationshipswithpeoplearoundyouwhichisthekeytotheleadershipskills.52.Anemployeemayhaveafeelingoffearintheworkplacewhen________.A.heisforcedtodothingsB.becannotworkathisbestC.hefeelshisbrainshutdownD.hethinksofhisworkastooheavy53.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.PeopletendtoassociateleadershipwithfearB.Workingconditionsaffectpeople’sphysicalhealthC.GoodrelationshipisthekeytobusinesssuccessD.SmartpeoplearemorefunctionalintheworkplacE.54.Topositivelyinfluenceemployeesaleadershouldfirstofall________.A.providebettersuggestionsB.develophisownpersonalityC.fivehisemployeesapayraiseD.hidehisownemotionoffear55.Goodleadershipismainlyseeninaleader’sabilityto________.A.provideavarietyofprojectforemployeesB.helpraiseemployee’slivingstandardsC.giveemployeesspecificinstructionsD.dealwiselywithemployees’emotions

Socialinsectsliveintheformofsocietieswhichinsomewaysaresimilartohumansocieties.Inbothtypesofsocietiesthereisadivisionoflabour.Ininsectsocietiescertaininsectshavethedutyofreproduction繁殖;theworkerscollectfoodwhilethesoldiersdefendthelanD.Inthesamewayhumangroupssuchasfarmersandshopkeepershavespecializedfunctions作用inproducinggoodsandprovidingservicestothesociety.Insectsandhumansocietiesarealsoalikeinthatindividual个体的membersofthesocietyworktogether.Whiteantworkersworktogethertobuildnests.Similarlyinhumansocietiesengineersarchitects建筑师townplannersandconstructionworkersunitetobuildcities.Thenestsofsocialinsectsareascomplex复杂的asaman-madecity.InsomeinsectnestsspecialplacesareprovidedfortheyoungandforfoodstoragE.ManynestsalsohavedevicesforregulatingthetemperaturE.Soinsectnestsareasfunctionalashumanhouses.Itisnotsurprisingthereforethatmanysimilaritieshavebeenmadebetweensocialinsectsandhumansocieties.ItmustnotbeforgottenhoweverthatinsectsocialbehaviorisdeterminedbynaturE.Insectsshownoabilityforlearningorfordevelopingasocialtraditionbasedonlearning.64.Mentionedinthepassagethefunctionsperformedbysocialinsectsare________.A.reproductioncollectingfoodandbuildingnestsetC.B.reproductionoffooddefendingthelandandbuildingnestsetC.C.producingfooddefendingthelandandnursingbabiesetC.D.reproductionoffoodprovidingservicesanddefendingthelandetC.65.Thesecondparagraphtellsusthat________.A.engineersarchitectstownplannersandconstructionworkersdon'thavetoworktogethertobuildacityB.whiteantworkersworktogetherinthesamewayasnursesdoC.inbothsocietiesthereissocialco-operation合作D.whiteantworkersuniteinordertodefendtheland66.Humanandinsectsocietiesaredifferentinthat________.A.differentgroupshavedifferenttraditionsB.insectsocialbehaviorisdeterminedbynaturewhilehumansocietieshavedevelopedasocialtraditionbasedonlearningC.humanbeingscanmakemanysimilaritiesD.humanbeingscanmakemachineswhileinsectscan't67.Themainideaofthispassageis________.A.thesimilaritiesbetweensocialinsectsandhumansocietiesB.thecomplexnestsofsocialinsectsC.thefunctionsperformedbysocialinsectsD.thecauseofinsectsocialbehavior

SuHuaisstudyingatCambridgeUK.Shehasboughtabicycleandisworriedaboutsecurity安全.HerfriendKatefoundthisarticleandsentittoher.IntroductionAlotofcrimeisagainstbicycles.About150000bicyclesarestoleneveryyearandmostareneverfounD.Youcanpreventthishappeningbyfollowingafewcarefulsteps.BasicSecurityDonotleaveyourbicycleinout-of-the-wayplaces.AlwayslockyourbicyclewhenyouleavE.Secureittolamppostsortrees.Takeoffsmallerpartsandtakethemwithyouforexamplelightsandsaddles车座.LocksGetagoodlock.Therearemanydifferenttypesintheshops.Buyonethathasbeentestedagainstattack.Askforarecommendationfromabikeshop.MarkingSecuritymarkingyourbikecanactasadeterrenttoathief.ItcanalsohelpthepolicefindyourbicyclE.Itshouldbeclearlywrittenandincludeyourpostcodeandyourhouseorflatnumber.ThiswillprovideasimplewaytoidentifyyourbicyclE.RegistrationThereareanumberofcompanieswhowillsecuritymarkyourbicycleforyou.TheywillthenputyourregistrationnumberandpersonaldetailsontheircomputerdatabasE.Thenifyourbicycleisfounditwillbeeasytocontactyou.FinallyKeeparecordofthebicycleyourself:itsmakemodelandregistrationnumber.Youcaneventakeaphotographofit.Thiswillprovethebicyclebelongstoyou.63.Whichpartofthetextgivesyouinformationonhowtolockupyourbicyclewhenyouleaveit?A.Locks.B.Marking.C.Registration.D.BasicSecurity.64.Theunderlinedphraseactasadeterrenttoathiefmeans______.A.helpyourecognizeyourbikeB.helpthepolicefindyourbicycleC.stopsomeonestealingyourbicycleD.stopyouworryingaboutyourbike65.Thearticleadvisesyoutokeeparecordofyourbicycle_______.A.inthebikeshopandyourcomputerB.inthepolicestationandasecuritycompanyC.inasecuritycompanyandyouruniversityD.byyourselfandinasecuritycompany66.Themainpurposeofthisarticleis_________.A.totellyouwhattodoifyourbicycleisstolenB.tosuggestwaysofkeepingyourbicyclesafeC.togiveyouadviceonwheretobuyagoodlockD.tosaywhyyoushouldn’tkeepyourbicycleinaquietplace

福建省厦门双十中学09届高三热身考试D.篇Aloneinthewilderness.NothingbutjunglE.A.worldofshadowwiththeraysoflightfallinglikeblondehairfromthecrownsofthegianttrees.Jungleinthemiddaysun.Everythingmotionless.Notasoundfromskyorearth.CompletesilencE.Onlysomecoconutsfallingatlongintervalsveryfaraway.Theworldreducedtothesofttouchofcoolgrassalongmynakedbackandasweetsmellofrichsoilandvegetation.StretchedoutwithclosedeyesbesidemyheavyburdenoffruitandfirewoodIenjoyedthefeelingoffreshbloodstreamingthrougheverypartofmybodyandfreshjungleairfillingeverycornerofmylungs.RestingmotionlessIcouldseethesunthroughmyclosedeyelidsaloneintheskyaslonelyasIandasmotionlessandsilentaseverythingelsE.Theearthhadsurelystoppedturningandsomewhereonthisplanettherewassupposedtoberoaringtrafficinbusystreets.Whatacrazyunbelievablethought!Anothercoconutfelltomaketheworldcometoacompletestandstill.IhadtorolloverontomystomachtofeelthatatleastIcouldmoveandmakenoises.ThenIfoundcompany.A.littlebrownantwasstrugglingtofinditswaywithabitofdrystrawthroughthejungleofleavesandgrassbelowmynosE.IwonderedifIcouldgivethelittlefellowaliftwithitsburdenbutitshowednottheslightestsignoftirednessandstruggledonwithallsixlegsheadfirstorheadlastwavingitsfeelersenergeticallyasifthetriphadjuststarteD.Whoeversawatiredant?Tirednessdisagreeabletirednessisrestrictedtohuntedanimalsslavesandmodernman.Itisasgreataneffortforanofficeclerktowalkfiveblockswithaloadedbrief-caseasitisforajungle-dwellertocrossavalleywithagoatonhisback.Itisashardtogetupandclimborrunwhenyouhavebeenseatedforyearsasitistogetupandwalkwhenyouhavebeeninbedformonths.ThebodyisstrangE.Spareitandyougetreallytiredforalmostnothing;useitandalmostnothingmakesyoureallytireD.Irosetomyfeet.Ihadheardahorseneighingdowninthevalley.Abovemeontheopenhighlandplainstherewerewildhorses.Butdowninthevalleytherewasneverahorseunlesstherewasamanonit.SomebodywasmakinghiswayupthevalleyandmywifewasalonE.68.Theauthormentionscoconuts’fallingto.A.showhislonelinessB.addbeautytothejungleC.expresshisloveofnatureD.stresstheabsolutesilence69.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheant?A.Headmireditsattitudetowardwork.B.Hewasamazedatitstirelessefforts.C.Heshowedsympathyforthelittleant.D.Hewascontenttohaveitasacompanion.70.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorwouldprobably.A.workharderthanbeforeB.talktothemanonthehorseC.makehiswayhomeD.stayinthevalley71.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor.A.enjoyedbeingaloneB.experiencedawordofquietnessC.missedhisbusylifeinthecityD.hadanunforgettableadventure

Whatdoweknowaboutsportphysiology生理学?☆Rowing:Theperfectmaleroweristallheavybutwithverylowbodyfatbroadshouldersandlongpowerfullimbs.Hisheartcanpump40litersofbloodaminutE.☆Shooting:PerfectshootershavealowheartratE.Withinsecondsoffiringtheycandroptheirheartrateby20beatsandfireexactlybetweenheartbeats.Pistolshootingalsoneedsstrongupperbodymuscles.☆Swimming:Theperfectswimmeristallwithverylonglimbsparticularlyarms.Top-classswimmershavebigfeet.Theyhavebighandstoactaspaddlesnarrowhipstoreducedragandbroadshouldersforarmpower.☆Sprinting:Theperfect100msprinteristallwithaunifiedbodyshapE.Topsprintershaveslimlowerlegsandrelativelynarrowhips.☆Gymnasts:Theperfectfemalegymnastissmallandslimwithahighstrengthtoweightratioandevenmuscles.Shehasanarrowbodyforsuperbbalanceandahighpowerhighcapacityenergysystem.☆Weightlifting:Theperfectweight-lifterhasastrongunifiedbodytypeandiswellmuscleD.Goodweightliftersarenottallandtendtohaverelativelyshortarmsandlegs.Theyhavecardiovascularsys-temsthatcanstandsuddenbloodpressureincreases.☆Marathonrunning:Theperfectmarathonrunnerhasalightframeslimlegsandisofsmalltomediumheight.TheyhaveaveryhighoxygenuptakE.60.Whichofthefollowingneedsstrongupperbodymuscles?A.Walking.B.Shooting.C.Sprinting.D.Marathonrunning.61.Whichofthefollowingpicturesismentionedinthepassage?62.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Theperfectmalerower'sheartcanpump40litersofbloodaminutE.B.Top-classswimmershavebigfeetbighandstoactaspaddlesandnarrowhips.C.Theperfect100msprinteristallwithaweakbodyandhasshortlegs.D.Theperfectfemalegymnastissmallandslimwithahighstrengthandmuscles.63.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.sporteventsB.sportrulesC.sportgamesD.sportphysiology

10·湖南C.篇PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.RachaelJackUniversityofGlasgowresearchersaidthatratherthanscanningevenly均匀的acrossafaceasWesternersdoEasternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressionsJacksaiD.WesternerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasurewhereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect忽略themouth.AccordingtoJackandhercolleaguesthediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieveD.Asaresultfacialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesof.expressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happysadsurprisedfearfuldisgustedangryorneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners.TheculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressionsJacksaiD.OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotionEasternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.Inshortthedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereonexamininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.OtherwisewhenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrossculturesEasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.66.ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners.A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouthB.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliableC.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysD.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions67.Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?A.Tomakeafaceateachother.B.TogettheirfacesimpressivE.C.Toclassifysomefacepictures.D.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.68.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyinParagraph6referto?A.Theparticipantsinthestudy.B.Theresearchersofthestudy.C.Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy.D.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.69.IncomparisonwithWesternersEasternersarelikelyto.A.dotranslationmoresuccessfullyB.studythemouthmorefrequentlyC.examinetheeyesmoreattentivelyD.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly70.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoulB.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotionsC.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkillsD.HowtoIncreaseCross-culturalUnderstanding

05·湖南E.篇AtDallm/FortWorthAirportthelightsarecontrolledbysensorsthatmeasuresunlight.Theydimimmediatelywhenit'ssunnymdbrightenwhenapassingcloudblocksthesun.A.wallofwindowsataUniversityofPennsylvaniaengineeringbuddinghasbuilt-inblinds百页窗controlledbyacomputerprogramthatfollowsthesun'spath.Buildingsaregettingsmarter--andthenextgenerationofbuildingmaterialsexpectedtodoevenmorE.Windowscouldcatchthesun'senergytoheatwater.Sensorsthatmeasurethecarbondioxidebreathedoutbypeopleinamomcoulddeterminewhethertheairconditioningneedstobeturnedup.Manynewmaterialsandtechnologyhavebeendesignedinthelast15years.TheynowbeingusedinawaveofbuildingsdesignedtosaveasmuchenergyaspossiblE.Theyincludeoldideaslikegreenroofswhereabeltofplantsonaroofhelpsthebuildingkeepheatinwinterandstaycoolinsummerandnewideaslikespecialcoatingforwindowsthatletslightinbutkeepsheatout.AstechnologiessuchassensorsbecomecheapertheirusesspreaD.Theelevators电梯atSevenWorldTradeCenterwhichisunderconstructioninNewYorkuseasystemthatgroupspeopletravelingtonearbyfloorintothesameelevatorthussavingelevatorstops.Peoplewhoworkinthebuildingwillenteritbyswiping刷IDcardsthatwilltelltheelevatorstheirfloor;readoutswillthentellthemwhichelevatortousE.Thebuildingalsohaswindowswithacoatingthatblockshealwhilelettinginlight.Morenewbuildingmaterialsandtechnologyareindevelopment.A.Philadelphiabuildingfarmisnowworkingonsmartwrapthatusestinysolarcollectorstocatchthesun'senergyandtransmitters传感器thewidthofahumanhairtomoveit.Theyareexpectedtochangethefaceoftheconstructionindustryinthenexttenyearsorso.72.__willbedevelopedandusedintheconstrucctionindustry.A.GreenmopsthatcoolorheatbuildingsB.Smartwrapthatcatchesthesun'senergyC.Sunlight-measuringsensorsthatcontrollightsD.Windowcoatingthatletslightinbutkeepsheatout73.TheelevatorsatSevenWorldTradeCenterarespecialbecausetheycan___A.sendpeopletofloorswithfewerstopsB.teachpeoplehowtousetheirIDcardsC.makepeoplestayverycoolinsummerD.helppeoplegotravelinginthebuilding74.Theunderlinedwordit'inthelastparagraphrefersto_____.A.ahumanbeingB.smartwrapC.thesun'senergyD.atransmitter75.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.BuildingsAreBecomingSmarterB.BuildingsAreGettingMoreSunlightC.BuildingsAreLackinginMuchEnergyD.BuildingsAreUsingCheaperMaterials

Haveyoueverbeenfrustrated沮丧的whenlefttalkingtoyourselfafteryourmobilephonebatteryrunsoutinthemiddleofacall?Ifyesthenherecomessomegoodnews.Scientistsarenowperfectingawaytorecharge充电electricalequipmentwhileonthemove.ResearchersfromtheNetherlandsFranceandPortugalannouncedlastweekthattheyhavedevelopedverythinsolarpanels太阳能板thatcanbeputonclothes.Theycanalsobeaddedtofurnitureandrooftops.Theychangelightfromthesunintoelectricity.Inaboutthreeyearsyou'llbeabletowearajacketthatwillrechargeyourphoneasyouwalk.Forcampingfansthedevelopmentcouldleadtoatentwhichchargesbatteriesalldaysoyoucanhavelightormusicatnight.Thebasictechnologyofwearablesolarpanelsisthesameasthatusedforconventional传统的solarpanels.Pairsofsheetsofsemi-conductingsilicon半导体硅arelinkedtogethertoformthepanel.Butscientistsmadethemmuchthinnerbyusingdifferentsilicon.Atonemicro-metretheyarethesamethicknessasphotographicfilm.ThistechnologywillmakeiteasierforpeopletousecleanenergysourcessaidGerritKroesenaphysicistintheNetherlandswholedtheteamofscientists.Butthethinpanelsarenotasefficientasthethickerones.Whilesomesolarpanelsnowoperateatanefficiencyofabout20percentthenewflexible柔韧的panelsareonly7percentefficient.Butthescientistsbelievethatthisisworthacceptingforastrongerandmoreusefulpanel.Butthethinnerpanelischeaper.AnA4sizedpanelputontothebackofajacketcostslessthanUS$13.ItcouldchargeacellphoneduringasummerwalkinthecountrysidE.Aslongasyoustaywithinrangeofthetransmittingmasts发射天线thatrelayacalltothenetworksphoneswillneveragainrunoutofpower.72.Whatisthemeaningofthephraseonthemoveinparagraph2?A.Takingacourseofaction.B.Goingfromoneplacetoanother.C.Changingclothesbeforemoving.D.Changingthemobilephonebattery.73.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.A.waytorechargeelectricalequipment.B.Anewkindofchargeablebattery.C.A.newtypeofmobilephonE.D.Auseofmobilephones.74.Whatisthemostimportantinthedevelopmentofthetechnology?A.Photographicfilm.B.Warmerclothes.C.Furnitureandrooftops.D.Thinflexiblesolarpanels.75.WhatisNOTlikelytohappeninthefuture?A.YoucanlistentomusicinacampsiteusingtheelectricityfromsunshinE.B.Yourmobilephonebatteryrunsoutinthemiddleofacall.C.YouwearajacketthatwillrechargeyourphonE.D.Youcanchangelightfromthesunintoelectricity.

Nervoussuspects嫌疑犯lockedupinBritain'snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowColouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrimetheblueonthewallmighttipthebalance.GwentPolicehaveabandonedcolourssuchasgreysandbrownsofthe20th-centurypolicecell牢房andhaveusedcolourpsychologytodecoratethem.YstradMynachstationwhichrecentlyopenedatacostof￡5millionhasfourcellswithglassdoorsforprisonerswhosufferfromclaustrophobia幽闭__症.Designershavepaintedtheframesyellowwhichresearcherssayisacalmingcolour.Othercellscontainaroyalbluelinebecausepsychologistsbelievethatthecolourislikelytoencouragetruthfulness.Thestationhas31cellsincluding12withalivescansystemfordrunkenordisturbedprisonerswhichdetectstheriseandfalloftheirchest.Analarmalertsofficersifaprisoner'sbreathingstopsandcarriesonringinguntilthedoorisopeneD.Designersandpsychologistshaveworkedforyearsoncolour.Blueissaidtosuggesttrustefficiencydutylogiccoolnessthinkingandcalm.Italsosuggestscoldnessandunfriendliness.Itisthoughtthatstrongblueswillstimulateclearthoughtandlightersoftcolourswillcalmthemindandaidconcentration.Yellowislinkedwithconfidenceself-respectandfriendliness.Getthecolourwronganditcouldcausefeardepressionandanxietybuttherightyellowcanliftspiritsandself-respect.IngridCollinsapsychologistwhospecializesintheeffectsofcoloursaidthatcolourwasanenergyforce.Shesaid:BluedoesenhancecommunicationbutIamnotsureitwouldenhancetruthfulcommunication.YellowshesaidaffectedtheminD.Redontheotherhandshouldneverbeconsideredbecauseitcouldincreaseaggression.MrsCollinspraisedthedesignersforusingcoloursinthecells.GwentisnotthefirstBritishforcetoexperimentwithcolourtocalmdownorpersuadeprisonerstoco-operatE.Inthe1990sStrathclydePoliceusedpinkincellsbasedonresearchcarriedoutbytheUSNavy.45.Theexpressiontipthebalanceinparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight____.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalanceB.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimesC.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourtD.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours46.WhichofthefollowingcoloursshouldNOTbeusedincellsaccordingtomepassage?A.Pink.B.YellowC.BluE.D.ReD.47.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______A.therelationshipbetweencoloursandpsychologyB.acomparisonofdifferentfunctionsofcoloursC.theuseofcoloursincellstoaffectcriminals’psychologyD.scientificwaystohelpcriminalsreformthemselvesinprison

D.Healthofficialsissuedawaringovercommonenergy-savingl一ghtbulbs灯泡afterresearchshowedsometypescouldpotentiallyharmtheskinandmayevenraisetheriskofcancer.AstudybytheHealthProtectionAgencyHPAfoundthatsomeeco-friendlylightbuulbsreleaselevelsofultravioletUV紫外线radiationthatareaboverecognizedsafetylimits.Theagencyurgedpeoplewhoworkwithlampsnearbytoavoidspendingmorethanonehourwithinafootoftheeco-friendlybulbs.Thewarningwasdirectedatthoseusingdesklampsforlongperiodssuchasjewellerymakersandotherswhomighthavelightsclosetotheirfacessuchascarmechanics.JohnO’HaganascientistattheHPA’scentreforradiationchemicalandenvironmentaldangersbegantestsontheligthbulbsafterpatientgroupsraisedconcernaboutthem.Amongthegroupswerepatientswithaskindiseasecalledlupuswhichmakespeoplehighlysensitivetolight.ThetestsmeasuredUVlightfromthelampsandfoundthehighestlevelsofUVradiationmeasured2cmfromthelightbulbswereequivalenttobeingoutsideindirectsunlightinthesummer.Themostimmediateriskfromthelightbulbsisareddeningoftheskinsimilartosunburnbutthereisalsoasmallincreasedriskofskincancerassociatedwiththisagainsimilartothatofsunburn.Theriskofhealthproblemsfromthelightbulbswasnotsohighthatpeopleshouldremovethemfromtheirhomes.Peopleareadvisedtoavoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongcloseworkuntiltheproblemissortedout.Ithasconfirmedthatthegovernmentwillnotbereviewingitsstrategyonintroducingenergyefficientlightbulbs.68.Theunderlinedwordequivalentinparagraph4mostprobablymeans___.A.equalB.vitalC.relevantD.harmful69.InordernottobeharmedbytheUVradiationfromsomelightbulbspeopleshould___.A.stopusingeco-friendlylightbulbsathomeB.avoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongcloseworkC.takecarenottoexposetheirskintodirectsunlightD.urgethegovernmenttobantheuseoflightbulbs70.Inthenextparttheauthorwouldmostprobablyfurtherexplain_____.A.whypeopleneedn’tremovethelightbulbsfromtheirhomesB.howresearchershaveplannedtosortouttheproblemC.howthegovernmenthasrespondedtoHPA’sdiscoveryD.howlongpeopleshouldworkclosetotheopenlightbulbs71.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____.A.healthofficialsissuedawarningovercommonlightbulbs.B.jewellerymakersshouldavoidworkingwiththeeco-friendlybulbsformorethanonehourC.JohnO’HagandidtestsonthelightbulbswithsomepatientsD.peopleareadvisedtoavoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongclosework

Dr.SylviaEarlewantsyoutostopeatingfish.It’snotbecausefishareendangeredthoughwildfishstocksinmanyoceansareverylow.It’snotbecausethey'rebadforyouthoughfishinmanyareasareexposedtopoisonoussubstancesinthewater.It’sbecausethey’resmart.Fisharesensitivetheyhavepersonalitiessaysthemarinebiologist.ForEarleeatingafishwouldbelikeeatingadogoracat.IwouldnevereatanyoneIknowpersonally.There’salotmoretofishthanmeetstheeye:theytalktoeachothertheyliketobetouchedandtheyengageinbehaviorthatcanseemveryhuman.Theycanrememberthingsandlearnfromexperience.Earleandagrowingnumberofanimalrightsactivistsseetheseasstrongargumentsagainsteatingfishaltogether.Theactivistsalsopointoutthatfishfeelpainandfishsufferhorriblyontheirwayfromtheseatothesupermarket.WhileitmayseemobviousthatfishareabletofeelpainlikeeveryotheranimalsomepeoplethinkoffishasswimmingvegetablessaysDr.LynneSneddon.Reallyit’skindofamoralquestion.Istheenjoymentyougetfromfishingoreatingfishmoreimportantthanthepainofthefish?Fishermenandfriedfishloversaredoubtful.I'veneverseenasmartfishsaysMarieSwaringenasshefinishesaplateoffishataSeattleseafoodrestaurant.Iftheywereverysmarttheywouldn'tgetcaught.Foryearseveryone’sbeentellingustoeatfishbecauseit’ssogoodforussaysanotherdiner.‘NowI.’vegottofeelguiltywhileI.’meatingmyfish?Whataretheygoingtothinkofnext?Don’teatsaladbecausecucumbershavefeelings?64.Dr.SylviaEarlediscouragepeoplefromeatingfishbecause________.A.therearenotthatmanywildfishintheoceanB.fishactuallyaresensitiveandhavepersonalitiesC.someoceanfishcontainpoisonoussubstancesD.fisharelikedogsorcatsthatpeopleknowpersonally65.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.A.allpeopledon’tagreewiththeideatostopeatingfishB.peoplewillbepersuadednottoeatfishinthefutureC.stoppingeatingfishwillleadtopeople’snoteatingvegetablesD.weshouldn’tcaretoomuchaboutthefeelingoffish66.BysayingThere’salotmoretofishthanmeetstheeyethewritermeans__________.A.therearefarmorefishthanotheranimalsintheworldB.therearemorefishintheworldthanpeoplecanseeC.peoplecanseemorefishiftheypaymoreattentionD.fisharenotthatsimpleastheyappeartopeople’seyes

衡阳市八中2008届高三模拟试题C.篇Desertantsontheirexpeditionsforfoodusecluestoleadthemselvesinthehomewarddirectionbutwithfewlandmarksinthepoorlandscientistshavewonderedhowtheinsectsalwaystakethemostdirectrouteandknowexactlyhowfartomarch.ThenewstudyshowsthatcountingtheirstepsisanimportantpartoftheschemE.OvertheyearsscientistshaveproposedseveraltheoriesforhowantsfindtheirwayhomE.Oneisthattheydoitlikehoneybeesandremembervisualcluesbutexperimentsshowedantscantravelinthedark.Anothertheoryisthatbecauseantsrunatasteadypacetheycouldtimehowlongittookthemtogettoandfro.Otherstudieshaveshownthatonceantsfindagoodsourceoffoodtheyteachotherantshowtofindit.Theantpedometertechniquewasfirstproposedin1904butitremaineduntesteduntilnow.Scientiststraineddesertantstowalkalongastraightpathfromtheirnestentrancetoafeeder30feetaway.Ifthenestorfeederwasmovedtheantswouldbreakfromtheirstraightpathafterreachingtheexpectedspotandsearchfortheirgoal.Trythatonstilts.Theygluedstilt-likeextentionstothelegsofsomeantstolengthenstridE.Theresearchersshortenedotherants’stridelengthbycuttingofftheants’feetandlowerlegsreducingtheirlegstostumps.Theantsonstiltstooktherightnumberofstepsbutbecauseoftheirincreasedstridelengthmarchedpasttheirgoal.Stump-leggedantsmeanwhilefellshortofthegoal.Aftergettingusedtotheirnewlegstheantswereabletoadjusttheirpedometer.64.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Ants’marchingdependsoncountingtheirstepsB.DesertantsknowhowtolookforfoodC.Thesecretforants’marchingisknowntoallD.Antsknowhowfartheirfoodis65.Apartfromcountingtheirstepshowcanantsfindtheirway?A.BysmellingB.BycommunicatingC.ByhearingD.Byrecognisingwind66.Abouttheantpedometerweknowthat______.A.thetechniqueisarecentdiscoveryB.antsalwayswalkalongastraightpathC.antsoftenchangetheirnesttokeepthepedometerD.thepedometerneedschangingdependingonnewsituations67.Accordingtothepassagethestump-leggedants_______.A.havelongerlegsthanonesonstiltsB.havelongerlegsthanthecommononesC.needmorestepstoreachtheirgoalD.canarriveattheirgoalasusual

09·安徽E.篇Arainforestisanareacoveredbytalltreeswiththetotalhighrainfallspreadingquiteequallythroughtheyearandthetemperaturerarelydippingbelowl6℃.RainforestshaveagreateffectontheworldenvironmentbecausetheycantakeinheatfromthesunandadjusttheclimatE.WithouttheforestcovertheseareaswouldreflectmoreheatintotheatmospherewarmingtherestoftheworlD.LosingtherainforestsmayalsoinfluencewindandrainfallpatternspotentiallycausingcertainnaturaldisastersallovertheworlD.Inthepasthundredyearshumanshavebegundestroyingrainforestsinsearchofthreemajorresources资源landforcropswoodforpaperandotherproductslandforraisingfarmanimals.ThisactionaffectstheenvironmentasawholE.Forexamplealotofcarbondioxide二氧化碳intheaircomesfromburningtherainforests.Peopleobviouslyhaveaneedfortheresourceswegainfromcuttingtreesbutwewillsuffermuchmorethanwewillbenefit.Therearetwomainreasonsforthis.Firstlywhenpeoplecutdowntreesgenerallytheycanonlyusethelandforayearortwo.Secondlycuttinglargesectionsofrainforestsmayprovideagoodsupplyofwoodrightnowbutinthelongrunitactuallyreducestheworld’swoodsupply.Rainforestsareoftencalledtheworld’sdrugstorE.Morethan25％ofthemedicinesweusetodaycomefromplantsinrainforests.Howeverfewerthanl％ofrainforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheirmedicalvaluE.Itisextremelylikelythatourbestchancetocurediseasesliessomewhereintheworld’sshrinkingrainforests.72.Rainforestscanhelptoadjusttheclimatebecausethey.A.reflectmoreheatintotheatmosphereB.bringabouthighrainfallthroughouttheworldC.rarelycausethetemperaturetodroplowerthanl6℃D.reducetheeffectofheatfromthesunontheearth73.Whatdoesthewordthisunderlinedinthethirdparagraphreferto?A.Wewilllosemuchmorethanwecangain.B.Humanshavebegundestroyingrainforests.C.Peoplehaveastrongdesireforresources.D.Muchcarbondioxidecomesfromburningrainforests.74.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatA.wecangetenoughresourceswithoutrainforestsB.thereisgreatmedicinepotentialinrainforestsC.wewillgrowfewerkindsofcropsinthegainedlandD.thelevelofannualrainfallaffectswindpatterns75.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoSaveRainforestsB.HowtoProtectNatureC.RainforestsandtheEnvironmentD.RainforestsandMedicalDevelopment

Anapehasalargerbrainthananyanimalexceptmanthoughitismuchsmallerthanaman’sbrain.Apesallbelongtothehotcountriesoftheworld―tropicalAfricaandSouth―eastAsiA.Thegorillaisthelargestoftheapes.Heisastallassixfeetwhenstandingupright.ManypeoplethinkthatgorillasareveryfiercE.Theyareoftendescribedasstandinguprightlikeamanbeatingtheirfistsandroaring.IntheirhomeintheforestsofCentralAfricahowevertheyarenotatalllikethisTheyarepeacefulanimalsandneverusetheirgreatstrengthunlessattackeD.Eventhentheyretreatiftheycan.Gorillashaveblackfacesandlongblackhairycoats.Theyfeedduringthedayonplantsandfruit.Atnighttheoldmaleoftensleepsonthegroundatthefootofatreewhiletheotherseachmakeasleepingplatforminthetreebendingtheleafybranches.Besidesthisgorillasclimbtreesveryseldom.56.Apeslivein___________.A.differentpartsoftheworldB.thecoldcountriesC.SouthAmericaandAfricaD.thecountriesofAfricaandsouth―eastAsia57.Anape’sbrainis__________.A.aslargeasaman’sbrainB.alotsmallerthanaman’sbrainC.largerthanthatofanyotheranimalincludingmanD.alotlargerthanaman’sbrain58.A.gorillaisaboutsixfeettallwhenhe__________.A.standsonhislegsB.standonhisarmsC.roarsD.useshisgreatstrength59.Allgorillasliveon____________.A.vegetablesB.leavesandgrassC.plantsandfruitD.rice60.Duringthenightgorillausuallysleepintreesexcept__________.A.theoldfemalegorillaB.theoldmalegorillaC.theyounggorillasuptosixyearsoldD.thebabygorillas

08·宁夏海南全国ⅠB.篇Morethan10yearsagoitwasdifficulttobuyatastypineapple.ThefruitsthatmadeittotheUKweregreenontheoutsideandmoreoftenthannothardwithanunpleasanttastewithin.Thenin1996theDelMonteGoldpineappleproducedinHawaiifirsthitourshelves.Thenewtypeofpineapplelookedmoreyellowy-goldthangreen.Itwasslightlysofterontheoutsideandhadalotofjuiceinside.Butthemostimportantthingaboutthisnewtypeofpineapplewasthatitwastwiceassweetasthehit-and-misspineappleswehadknown.InnotimetheDelMonteGoldtookthemarketbystormrapidlybecomingtheworld’sbest-sellingpineapplevarietyanddeliveringnaturallevelsofsweetnessinthemouthupuntilthenonlyfoundintinnedpineapple.Innutrition营养itwasallgoodnewstoo.Thisnice-tastingpineapplecontainedfourtimesmorevitaminC维生素C.thantheoldgreenvariety.Nutritionistssaidthatitwasnotonlyfullofvitaminsbutalsogoodagainstsomediseases.Peoplewereunderstandablyeagertobeabletobuythiswonderfulfruit.ThenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfastandtheDelMonteGoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater.SeeingthegrowingmarketforitswinningpineappleDelMontetriedtokeepthemarkettoitself.Butotherfruitcompaniesdevelopedsimilarpineapples.DelMonteturnedtolawforhelpbutfailed.ThosecompaniesarguedsuccessfullythatDelMonte’sattemptstokeepthegoldenpineappleforitselfwerejustawaytoknockthemoutofthemarket.60.Welearnfromthetextthatthenewtypeofpineappleis________.A.greenoutsideandsweetinsideB.good-lookingoutsideandsoftinsideC.yellowy-goldoutsideandhardinsideD.alittlesoftoutsideandsweetinside61.Whywasthenewtypeofpineapplesellingwell?A.Itwasrichinnutritionandtastednice.B.Itwaslesssweetandgoodforhealth.C.ItwasdevelopedbyDelMonte.D.Itwasusedasmedicine.62.TheunderlinedwordfixtureinParagraph3probablyreferstosomething________.A.thatpeopleenjoyeatingB.thatisalwayspresentC.thatisdifficulttogetD.thatpeopleuseasagift63.WelearnfromthelastparagraphthatDelMonte________.A.allowedothercompaniestodeveloppineapplesB.succeededinkeepingthepineappleforitselfC.triedhardtocontrolthepineapplemarketD.plannedtohelptheothercompanies

Sixchimps猩猩wereintroducedtoaslotmachinecalledtheChimp-O-Matwhichwouldgiveoutonegrapewhenawhitecoinwasinsertintotheslot.WhenDrWolfshowedayoungchimpnamedMooshowhecouldwinhimselfagrapebyinsertingacoinMoosimmediatelypickedupanothercoinpusheditintotheslotthenstuckouthispawandwaitedforagrapetodropout..Besideswhitecoinsthechimpsweregivenyellowcoinstoinsertintotheslotbutnothingcameoutbecausetheywereworthless.Thechimpssoonlearnedthisfact.WhenahandfulofwhiteandyellowcoinswerethrownintothecagehousingBulaBimbaandAlphathethreechimpsrushedforthewhitecoinsandnevertouchedtheyellowones.Nowthechimpsweremadlyinlovewithmoney.Wouldthesixchimpsvaluemoneyenoughtoworkforit?TofindtheanswerDrWolfedesignedaworkmachinE.ThechimpswereshownthatwhenalargehandlewasliftedtheycouldpickonegrapE.WhentheyhadlearnedtheskillofliftingthehandletogetthegrapeDrWolfmadeachangetothemachinessothatinsteadofthegrapetheywouldfindawhitecoin.ThiscoinwouldstillbuythemonegrapeattheChimp-O-Mat.Thusthecomplexityofgettingagrapewasnotonlydoubledbutalsothemoneytobuythegrapecouldbeachievedonlybyhonestwork.Thehandletheyhadtolifttogetthecoinweighedeightypounds.Greateffortisneededforayoungchimptoraisethatweightyettheformerlylazychimpsnotonlyquicklymasteredthenewoperationbutalsoshowedgreateagernesstoworkformoney.46.ThepurposeoftheChimp-O-Matexperimentwastodiscoverwhetherchimpswouldlearnto________.A.enjoythemselvesB.worktogetherC.usecoinsD.operateamachine47.Inthefirstpartoftheexperimentthechimpslearnedto__________.A.tellthedifferencebetweentheusefulandtheworthlesscoinsB.useyellowcoinstogetgrapesC.waitforthegrapestodropoutD.buygrapeswithcoins48.Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofthethingsachimpdidinthesecondpartoftheexperiment?A.gotawhitecoinB.gotagrapeC.liftedtheheavyhandleD.insertedacoinintotheChimp-O-MatA.cabdB.cadbC.abdcD.adcb49.Thepassageshowedthat_________.A.DrWolfewasdisappointedwithhisexperimentB.ThechimpscoulddoeverythingiftaughtC.ThechimpswerewillingtoworkifsomethingwaspaidbackD.Thechimp’sunderstandingwasasgoodasaman’s

CertainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemdealwiththeirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkinD.Thisnaturalbiologicalprocessiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdevelopedthroughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelterinprovidingprotectionandinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresultsinthegradualdevelopmentofmoreandmoreorganismssmalllivingthingsthatarebetterfittedtotheirenvironments.Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralwaybuteachisadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclasskind.A.plantforexampledependsuponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals无机化学物.Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun'senergytomakefoodfrominorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptationscommontomostplants.InadditiontherearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplantshavE.Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshapeandmanylooklikealeaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings.Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyisnear.Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheirstructurefunctionandgenetics;intheirdevelopmentandproductionoftheyoung;andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitswonenvironmentasdowarm-bloodedmammalswhichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactlytomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usuallyadaptationsareanadvantagebutsometimesanorganismissowelladaptedtoaparticularenvironmentthatifconditionschangeitfindsitdifficultorimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.40.Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothattheymay.A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfoodshelterandotherthingsneededB.surviveeveninextremelysevereconditionsC.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkindD.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms41.Inthefirstparagraphthewordenvironmentscouldbestbereplacedby.A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.enemies42.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdarecolored.A.tofrighteneditsenemies.B.toattractitsenemiesC.toadjustitsbodyheatD.tomatchitsenvironment43.Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?A.A.livingthingmayadaptinitsstructurE.B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.C.A.livingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.D.A.livingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

【2011·辽宁锦州市质检二】D.Malariatheworld’smostwidespreadparasitic寄生虫引起的diseasekillsasmanyasthreemillionpeopleeveryyear—almostallofwhomareunderfiveverypoorandAfrican.Inmostyearsmorethanfivehundredmillioncasesofillnessresultfromthediseasealthoughexactnumbersaredifficulttoassessbecausemanypeopledon'torcan’tseekcarE.Itisnotunusualforafamilyearninglessthantwohundreddollarsayeartospendaquarterofitsincomeonmalariatreatmentandwhattheyoftengetnolongerworks.IncountrieslikeTanzaniaMozambiqueandtheGambianofamilyvillagehospitalorworkplacecanremainunaffectedforlong.Malariastartssuddenlywithviolentchillswhicharesoonfollowedbyanintensefeverandoftenheadaches.Astheparasitesmultiplytheytakeovertheentirebody.Malariaparasiteslivebyeatingtheredbloodcellstheyinfect.Theycanalsoattachthemselvestobloodvesselsinthebrain.Ifitdoesn’tkillyoumalariacanhappenagainandagainforyears.ThediseaseispassedontohumansbyfemalemosquitoesinfectedwithoneoffourspeciesofaparasitE.Togetherthemosquitoandtheparasitearethemostdeadlycoupleinthehistoryoftheearthandoneofthemostsuccessful.Malariahasfivethousandgenesanditsabilitytochangerapidlytodefenditselfandresistnewdrugshasmadeitnearlyimpossibletocontrol.Studiesshowthatmosquitoesarepassingonthevirusmorefrequentlyandtherearemoreoutbreaksincitieswithlargepopulations.Someofthedisease'sspreadisduetoglobalwarming.Fordecadesthefirst-choicetreatmentformalariaparasitesinAfricahasbeenchloroquineachemicalwhichisverycheapandeasytomakE.Unfortunatelyinmostpartsoftheworldmalariaparasiteshavebecomeresistanttoit.SuccessfulalternativesthathelppreventresistancearealreadyavailablebuttheyhavebeeninshortsupplyandareveryexpensivE.Ifthesedrugsshouldfailnobodyknowswhatwouldcomenext.67.Accordingtoparagraph1manypeopledon’tseekcarebecause________.A.theyaretoopoorB.itisunusualtoseekcareC.theycanremainunaffectedforlongD.therearetoomanypeoplesufferingfromthedisease68.Peoplesufferingfrommalaria________.A.havetokillfemalemosquitoesB.haveabilitytodefendparasitesC.havetheirredbloodcellsinfectedD.havesuddenfeverfollowedbychills69.Whichofthefollowingmaybethereasonforthewidespreadofthedisease?A.Itsresistancetoglobalwarming.B.Itsabilitytopassonthevirusfrequently.C.Itsoutbreaksincitieswithlargepopulations.D.Itsabilitytodefenditselfandresistnewdrugs.70.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.nodrugshavebeenfoundtotreatthediseaseB.thealternativetreatmentisnoteasilyavailabletomostpeopleC.malariahasdevelopeditsabilitytoresistparasitesD.nobodyknowswhatwillbethedrugtotreatthedisease

09·重庆C.篇Sportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnature.Howeverwhetheryouareonthemountainsinthewavesoronthegrasslandyoushouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment.Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golfasyoumayknoweatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountrysidebutalsotonsofwater.Besidesallsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses球场ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.ForexampleinthedryregionsofPortugalandSpaingolfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpursE.Simpleandfreepowerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularlyitwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxioussleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeupyoucanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbegreengyms.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoorsinthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofallit’sfreE.64.Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof?A.CyclingaroundalakE.B.Motorracinginthedesert.C.Playingbasketballinagym.D.Swimminginasportscenter.65.Whatdoweknowaboutgolffromthepassage?A.ItispopularinPortugalandSpain.B.ItcauseswatershortagesaroundtheworlD.C.Itpollutestheearthwithchemicalsandwastes.D.Itneedswaterandelectricitytokeepitscoursesgreen.66.Theauthorusespowerwalkingasanexamplemainlybecause______.A.itisanoutdoorsportB.itimprovesourhealthC.itusesfewerresourcesD.itisrecommendedbyexperts67.Theauthorwritesthepassageto_______.A.showusthefunctionofmajorsportsB.encourageustogoinforgreensportsC.discussthemajorinfluenceofpopularsportsD.introducedifferenttypesofenvironment-friendlysports

05·江苏D.篇Animalscanmovefromplacetoplacebutplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattackitcanrunawayorfightback..Plantscertainlycannotrunawayandtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexampletheleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines刺thatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach..Someplantssuchastheoaktreehavethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassesmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasseswearsdowntheanimal'steeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar毛虫bitesatobaccoleaftheleafproducesachemicalmessenger.ThismessengersendstotherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotinE.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.A.certainplantinChinaforinstancehasprickly多刺的leavesandeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom毒液A.singleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuturE.68.Thehollyplanthasmorespinesonthelowerleavesbecausemostanimals________.A.arenottallenoughB.likethelowerleavesonlyC.arenotcleverenoughD.cangetthelowerleaveseasily69.Todefendthemselvesoaktreesuse________.A.chemicalmeansB.physicalmeansC.bitterchemicalsD.sandymaterials70.Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A.Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B.Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C.ItsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattackeD.D.Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.71.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimalsB.HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC.AttacksandDefensesD.HowAnimalsEatPlantLeaves

09·湖南D.篇AndrewRitchieinventoroftheBromptonfoldingbicycleoncesaidthattheperfectportablebikewouldbelikeamagiccarpetYoucouldfolditupandputitintoyourpocketorhandbag.Thenhepaused:Butyou’llalwaysbelimitedbythesizeofthewheels.Andsofarnoonehasinventedafoldingwheel.Itwasarare—indeedunique—occasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright.A.19th-centuryinventorWilliamHenryJamesGroutdidinfactdesignafoldingwheel.HisbikepredictablynamedtheGroutPortablehadaframethatsplitintotwoandalargerwheelthatcouldbeseparatedintofourpieces.AllthebitsfittedintoGrout’sWonderfulBagaleathercasE.Grout’saim:tosolvetheproblemsofcarryingabikeonatrain.Nowdoesn’tthatsoundfamiliar?Groutintendedtofindawayofmakingabikesmallenoughfortraintravel:hisbikewasahugebeast.Andimportantlythedesignofearlybicyclesgavehimanadvantage:inGrout’sdaytyresweresolidwhichmadethebusinessofsplittingawheelintofourseparatepartsrelativelysimplE.Youcouldn’tdothesamewithawheelfittedwithaone-pieceinflated充气的tyrE.Soina21st-centurycontextistheideaofthefoldingwheeldead?Itisnot.A.BritishdesignengineerDuncanFitzsimonshasdevelopedawheelthatcanbesquashedintosomethinglikeaslenderellipse椭圆.ThroughoutthetyreremainsinflateD.WilltheyoungFitzsimons’sfoldingwheelmakeitintoproduction?Ihaven’tthefoggiestideA.Buthisinventivenessshowstwothings.Firstpeoplehavebeensayingformorethanacenturythatbikedesignhasreacheditslimitexceptforgradualadvances.It’sassillyaconceptnowasitwas100yearsago:there’splentystilltogofor.Seconditisinthefieldoffoldingbikesthatweareseeingthemostinterestinginventions.Youcanbuyafoldingbikeforlessthan£1000thatcanbeknockeddownsosmallthatitcanbecarriedonaplane—minuswheelsofcourse—ashandbaggagE.FoldingwheelswouldmakeallmannerofthingspossiblE.HaveweyetgotthemagiccarpetofAndrewRitchie’simagination?No.Butit’sprogress.69.WecaninferfromP.aragraph1thattheBromptonfoldingbike.A.wasportableB.hadafoldingwheelC.couldbeputinapocketD.lookedlikeamagiccarpet70.WecanlearnfromthetextthatthewheelsoftheGroutPortable.A.weredifficulttoseparateB.couldbesplitinto6piecesC.werefittedwithsolidtyresD.werehardtocarryonatrain71.WecanlearnfromthetextthatFitzsimons’sinvention.A.keptthetyreasawholepieceB.wasmadeintoproductionsoonC.leftlittleroomforimprovementD.changedourviewsonbagdesign72.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreefoldingbikeinventorsB.ThemakingofafoldingbikeC.ProgressinfoldingbikedesignD.Waysofseparatingabikewheel

Doyouknowthatyoucanuseyourwatchascompass指南针onasunnyday?Lookatthewatchwhichisonyourhandandpointthehourhandinthedirectionofthesun.ImaginealinewhichrunsfromthecenterofthewatchthroughapointhalfwaybetweenthehourhandandnumberonE.Thislinewillpointsouth.Inthenorthernhalfoftheearththesunisinthesouthatnoon.Inourcountrytherealnoonisoneo’clock.Ifatthattimewepointthehourhandatthesunthehourhandandnumberonewillpointsouth.That’swhyyoumustimaginealinewhichwillrunfromthecenterofthewatchthroughapointhalfwaybetweenthehourhandandnumberonE.Itwillpointsouth.Ifyouareinthesouthernpartofourplanetyoumustpointnumber12atthesun.Thelinewhichyoucanimaginebetweennumbertwelveandthehourhandwillthenshownorth.76.Thesunisinthesouthatnoon.A.inanycountryintheworldB.inthenorthoftheequatorC.inthesouthoftheglobeD.insomenorthernplacesoftheearth77.Inthenorthernhalfoftheearthifwepointthehourhandatthesunatoneo’clockthen.A.theminutehandshowsnorthB.thehourhandshowsnorthC.numberoneshowsnorthD.numbertwelveshowsnorth78.Ifthepeopleinthesouthernpartoftheearthpoint12atthesunat5o’clocktheminutehandshows.A.westbynorthB.northbywestC.northbyeastD.eastbynorth79.Whatdoyouthinkofthestory?A.It’sinteresting.Butsometimesitdoesn’twork.B.It’simpossiblE.Idon’tlikeit.C.It’suseful.Butitisn’tinteresting.D.It’sgreat.Butitisn’thelpful.

YouarestandinginthekitchenandavoicesaysAddalittlemoresalttothatsoup.Yesit’salwaysnicetohavesomeonehelpyouwhenyou’recooking.Butthisvoiceisnotfromaman.Youarealone!Thenwheredoesitcomefrom?Isitfromaghost?Nothisisn’taghostkitchen—it’sthekitchenofthefuturE.Scientistsareworkingtoimproveeverythinginthekitchenfromfridgestotablesandeventhewayswecook.Theyaremakingasystem.Itwillhelpapersoncookameal.Youdon’tneedcookbooks.YoucanhearhowtocookfooD.Thefridgeofthesmartkitchenhasascanner.ItlooksatthefoodsinthefridgE.ItwillordermoremilkfromthestorewhenyourmilkhasgonebadorthereisnomoreinthefridgE.ThegloveswilltestthetemperatureofeverythingtheytouchandsayNeedtocooklongerorHotandreadytoeat.Ifyouleavethemonthestovebymistakethey’llsayFire!Eventheknivesandspoonswillspeak.Forexampleifyourfoodisbadtheknivesandspoonswilltellyounottoeatit.Thefuturekitchenmaylookwonderfulbutit’snotcheap.Themultimediafridgecostsabout8000dollars.Soeventhoughhigh-techkitchensarenolongeradreamnoteveryonecanaffordonE.67.Inthekitchenofthefuturethereisa______helpingyou.A.systemB.manC.ghostD.servant68.Inthefutureyoucancookby______.A.readingB.hearingC.learningD.looking69.Thefridgeofthesmartkitchenhasascanneranditcan______.A.helpyoudoeverythingB.cleanthefridgewhenit’sdirtyC.giveyouawarningwhenthere’ssomethingwrongD.talkwithyou70.Fromthepassageweknowthat______.A.everybodycanbuysuchafridgeB.noteverybodycanbuysuchafridgeC.nobodycanbuysuchafridgeD.mostpeoplecanbuysuchafridge

06·湖南C.篇Thecoyote丛林狼.thateleveranimalofwide-openspace.hascometothenation’scaptial.InfactcoyoteshavespreadtoeverycomeroftheUnitedStateschangingtheirbehaviorstofitnewenvioronmentsandcausingresearcherstodealwithatroublesomenewkindofcreature:thecitycoyotE.Thecoyoteoriginallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent.Oneofitsmostobviouscharactersisitssmartnesswhichhasmadetheanimalanotorious臭名昭著的pest.Hunterstrappedshotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1900s.It’sstilloneofAmerica’smosthuntedanimals.YetthecoyotehassurviveD.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?Iguessifyouwantedtouseonewordit’dbe‘plasticity’.saysErieGeseanexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealoninpairsorinlargepackslikewolveshuntatnightorduringthedayoccupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremilesandliveonallsortsoffoodfromlizards蜥蜴andshoestoantsandmelons.UnbelicvadlypeoplehelpcdcoyotesincreasewhentheykiltcdmostofthewolvesintheUnitedStates.Thesprcddingofcoyotesintocityareasthough.isrccent.Theytravelatnightcrossingsidcwalksandbridges.runningatongroadsandduckingintocuinerts钻入涵洞andunderpasscs.Nooneknowswhycoyotesaremavingintocities.butexpertsexplaihthatclevctermorehuman-tolerant不怕人的coyotesareteachingurbansurvivalskillstonewgenerations.Occasionally.coyotesmigheattackhumanbeings.Therehavebeenabout160attacksonpeoplcinreccntyearsThereforepeoplehavebccnconsistentlytoldnotfeedcoyotesorleavepctfoodunseeurcD.ThatplusalargetrappingprogramintheneighborhooD.hascurdownonthecoyotepopulation.63.TheunderlingedwordplasticityinParagraph2refersto____________.A.theabilitytofittheenvironmentB.notonoussmartnessC.huntingabilityD.beinghuman-tolerant64.Theaimofthepassageisto_____________.A.tellpcoplehowtofightagainstcoyotesB.telluswhythecoyoteisthemosthuntedanimalC.supplythereasonwhythecoyoteisakindofmotoriouspestD.explainhowthecoyotehasspreadtoandsurvivedincities65.Accordingtothepassagecoyote__________.A.originallylivedinthewestofthecontinentB.sleepdungthedaybutlookforfoodatnightC.areteachingsurvivalskillstotherryoungergenerationsD.sufferedapopulationdeereasebecausepcoplekilledwolves66.Accordingtothepassagetocutdowaonthecoyolcpopulation.peopleareadvisedto_______.A.leavepctfoodsecuredB.keepcoyotesinsmallregionsC.foreecoyotestolivealoneD.avondusingtrappingprograms

AllEskimoslivemostoftheirlivesclosetoseaorfreshwater.Theymayfollowgameinlandforseveralhundredmilesbuttheyalwaysreturntotheshoresofriverslakesorseas.Eskimolandhasabarelook.LargerockspebblesandsandcovermuchofthesurfacE.Plantscalledlichen地衣growontherocksandwherethereisenoughsoilgrassflowersandevensmallbushesmanagetolivE.NotreescangrowonEskimolandsogeographerssometimescallittheArcticplains.TherearesomeanimalsinEskimolandsuchasrabbitswhicheattheplants.Otheranimalslikethewhitefoxandthegraywolfeattherabbits.TheEskimoisameat－eatertooandmayeveneatawolfwhenfoodisscarcE.TheEskimoyearhastwomainpartsAlongcoldwinterandashortcoolsummer.SpringandfallarealmosttooshorttobenoticeD.Summeristhebesttimeasfoodisusuallyplentiful.ButitisalsothetimewhenEskimosareverybusy.Winterisneverfarawayandthemenmustbringhomeextrameatforthewomentoprepareandstoreforseldomcanenoughanimalsbekilledinwintertofeedafamily.TheFarNorthissometimescalledthelandofthemidnightsun.ThisistrueinthemiddleofsummerforbetweenApril21standAugust21stthesunneversetsinNorthernGreenlanD.ButinmidwintertheFarNorthisalandwithnosunshineatall.AroundOctober21sttheEskimosofNorthernGreenlandseethesunsetdirectlysouthofthemandtheydon'tseeitagainuntilFebruary22nD.Allplacesonearthgetaboutthesameamountofdaylightduringayear.Asaresultifsummerislighterwinterhastobedarker.WinternightsintheFarNorthareseldompitch－black.Asintherestoftheworldthestarsandmoonprovidealittlelight.ThenorthernlightsalsohelptheEskimotoseE.AndwiththegroundcoveredwithsnowevenalittlelightisreflectedbacktotheEskimo'seyes.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Eskimosdonotusuallyeatwolves.B.Eskimosliketochaseoneanother.C.Eskimosdependheavilyonwater.D.Eskimosaremeat－eaters.7.IntheEskimoyear________.A.thereisnospringandfallB.winteriscoldandsummerishotC.summerisatimeforgrowingfoodD.wintercomesearlyandgoeslate8.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordpitch－blackinParagraph4?A.Darkwithalittlelight.B.A.littledark.C.Notdarkatall.D.Extremelydark.9.FromthepassagewecaninferallofthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.A.EskimosaremorelikelytoeatwolvesinsummerB.EskimowomenareresponsibleforhouseworkC.meatisthemainsourceoffoodfortheEskimoD.huntingisanimportantpartofEskimolife10.WhyissummerlighterintheFarNorth?A.BecausetheFarNorthisfarawayfromthesun.B.Becausethesunisnotseenforfivemonthsoftheyear.C.Becausethesunneversetsinmidsummer.D.Becausepeopleseethesunsetdirectlysouthofthem.

Everybodyhatesrats.Butintheearthquakecapitalsoftheworld–JapanLosAngelesTurkey–ratswillsoonbeman’snewbestfriends.Whathappensafteranearthquake?Wesendinrescuedogs.Why?BecausetheycansmellpeoplE.Dogssavelives.TheyhelprescuerstofindlivingpeoplE.Butdogsarebigandtheycan’tgetintosmallspaces.Sonowanewresearchprojectisusingasmalleranimaltosavelives:therat.Howdoesitwork?FirsttheratistrainedtosmellpeoplE.Whenthishappenstherat’sbraingivesasignal信号.Thisissenttoasmallradioonitsbackandthentherescuersfollowtheradiosignals.Whenrat’sbrainactivityjumpstherescuersknowthatsomeoneisalivE.Therathassmelledthatperson.Althoughtherearealreadyrobotswhichcandothisjobratsarebetter.ChristianLinsteratCornellUniversityNewYorksaysRobots’nosesdon’tworkwellwhenthereareothersmellsarounD.Ratsaregoodatthat.Ratscanalsoseeinthedark.Theyarecheaperandquickertotrainthandogsandunlikerobotstheydon’tneedelectricity!TheratprojectisnotfinishedbutJulieRyanofInternationalRescueCorpsinScotlandsaysItwouldbefantastiC.A.ratcouldgetintospaceswecouldn’tgettoandaratwouldgetoutifitwasn’tsafE.PerhapsforthefirsttimeinhistorypeoplewillbehappytoseearatinabuildingbutonlyafteranearthquakeofcoursE.64.Intheworldearthquakecapitalsratswillbecomeman’sbestfriendsbecausetheycan_______.A.taketheplaceofman’srescuejobsB.findthepositionofpeoplealivewhoaretrappedinbuildingsC.serveasfoodforpeoplealivewhoaretrappedinbuildingsD.getintosmallspaces65.Fromthethirdparagraphweknowtherescuerscanjudgeapersonisaliveby_________.A.ratssmellbetterthandogsB.dogsdon’tneedtobetrainedtosmellpeopleC.robots’senseofsmellcanbeaffectedbyothersmellsaroundD.ratscanseeinthedarkandsmallerthanrobots66.Ratshaveallthefollowingadvantagesexceptthat_______________.A.theyaremorefantasticthanotheranimalsB.theyarelessexpensivetotrainthandogsC.theydon’tneedelectricityD.theyaresmallandcangetintosmallplaces67.Afterreadingthepassagewecanknow______.A.atpresentratshavetakentheplaceofdogsinsearchingforpeopleB.theratprojecthasbeencompletedC.peoplearenowhappytoseearatinabuildingD.nowpeoplestillusedogsandrobotsinperformingrescues

05·湖北D.篇ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesertseekingamillioninprizemoney.Towintheyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratallbecausethesevehiclesweremissingeakeypartdrivers.DARPAtheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyorganizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallengeasitwascalledjustprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremote远距离的control.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.Thewinneriftherewasanyreached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalongnarrowholeandthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.YougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthingssaysReinholdBehringerwhohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics.Evenants蚂蚁candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It’sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines.TheroboticvehiclesthoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidancehadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediatelySurethatveryyoungchildwhohasjustonlylearnedtowalkmaynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherfacebutshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere’sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetableandthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvancedevenmonthsoldthananymachinehumanshavedesigned.67.Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause.A.theydidnothaveanyhumanguidanceB.theroadwasnotfamiliartothedriversC.thedistancewastoolongforthevehiclesD.theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers68.DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto.A.raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehiclesB.pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustryC.trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesertD.improvethevehiclesforfuturewars69.Fromthepassageweknowroboticvehiclesareakindofmachinesthat.A.candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcanB.cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimitC.canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedownD.canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings70.Intheracethegreatestdistanceoneroboticvehiclecoveredwas.A.abouteightmilesB.sixmilesC.almosttwomilesD.aboutonemile71.Inthelastparagraphthewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo.A.foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficultiesB.foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetableC.foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolveD.foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface

SeveraltimesmydaughterhadtelephonedtosayMotheryoumustcometoseethedaffodils黄水仙beforetheyareoverIwantedtogobutitwasatwo－hourdrivefromLagunatoLakeArrowheaD.IwillcomenextTuesdayIpromisedalittlereluctantlyonherthirdcall.NextTuesdaydawnedcoldandrainy.StillIhadpromisedandsoIdrovetherE.WhenIfinallywalkedintoCarolyn'shouseandhuggedandgreetedmygrandchildren.IsaiD.ForgetthedaffodilsCarolyn!TheroadisinvisibleinthecloudsandfogandthereisnothingintheworldexceptyouandthesechildrenthatIwanttosee！MydaughtersmiledcalmlyandsaiD.Wedriveinthisallthetimemother.YouwillneverforgiveyourselfifyoumissthisexperiencE.AfterabouttwentyminutesweturnedontoasmallgravelroadandIsawasmallchurch.OnthefarsideofthechurchIsawahand－letteredsignthatread:DaffodilGarden.Wegotoutofthecarandeachtookachild'shanD.AndIfollowedCarolyndownthepath.Thenasweturnedacornerofthepath.andIlookedupandgaspeD.Beforemelaythemostglorioussight.Therewerefiveacresofflowers.ButwhohasdonethisIaskedCarolyn.It'sjustonewomanCarolynanswereD.That'sherhomE.Carolynpointedtoawell－keptA.－framehousethatlookedsmallandmodestinthemidstofallthatglory.WewalkeduptothehousE.Onthepatio露台wesawaposter.AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAskingwastheheadlinE.ThefirstanswerwasasimpleonE.50000bulbs球茎itreaD.ThesecondanswerwasOneatatimebyonewoman.ThethirdanswerwasBeganin1958.IthoughtofthiswomanwhomIhadnevermetwhomorethanfortyyearsbeforehadbegun—onebulbatatime—tobringthebeautyandjoytothemountaintop.6.Theauthordidn'tgotoseethedaffodilsatfirstbecause________.A.shewasnotinterestedinthemB.theyweregrowingonamountaintopC.theweatherwasnotgoodenoughD.itwasalongdrivetoherdaughter'shouse7.WhichofthefollowingBESTdescribestheauthor'sfeelingseeingthedaffodils?A.AmazeD.B.DisappointeD.C.ConfuseD.D.MoveD.8.WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanlivingintheA.－framehouse?A.ShemustbeoutofminD.B.SheactedasagardenerherE.C.Ittookhergreatdeterminationtogrowthedaffodils.D.Shewaspoorandmadeherlivingbysellingdaffodils.9.WhatwouldbetheBESTtitleofthepassage?A.A.WonderfulDaffodilGardenB.A.RemarkableWomanC.OneBulbataTimeD.ILoveDaffodils10.Whatcouldtheauthorprobablylearnfromthisexperience?A.Nothingistoodifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.B.Wemustputtheinterestsofothersaboveourown.C.Wecanchangetheworldthroughourownefforts.D.It'snevertoolatetolearn.

吉林省实验中学2007届高三第四次模拟考试A.篇LONDON-Everyoneelsehasone!Lucydeclaredtoherparentstryingtogetamobilephoneasagiftfor14thbirthday.Herparentsgavein.CurioustoknowhowherdaughterwouldusethephoneJaneBidderthemotherfollowedLucytotheschoolbusinthemorning.Thebusseats20ofwhomhalfhaveamobilephonE.Oneringsandseveraladolescentownersfumblewiththeirbags.Manyparentshavejustcometorealizethatthemobilephoneisnolongerfortravelingbusinessmen—itisaslikelytobefoundinschoolbags.Themobilephoneseemstohavebecomesomethingessentialfortoday’steensinBritainaccordingtoasurveypublishedlastweekbyNOPaleadingmarketresearchcompanyinBritain.Researchfoundthat66percentof16–year–oldsnowhaveaccesstoamobilephonE.Themobilephonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteenusers.WhentheyaretalkingonthemobiletheirparentsarenotabletoeavesdroponthesecondlinE.Theinterviewwith2019youngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavorthetextmessagingservicebecausetheyofferasecretwayofkeepingintouch.Thedaysofsecretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout.Forexampleculmeansseeyoulater;lolmeanslaughoutloud’;and2niteistheabbreviationoftonight.AllthesearebasedonshorthandphrasesontheInternet.Manyschoolshavebannedstudentsusingmobilephones.Buttheyarenotverysuccessful.Stillphonesringintheclassanddisturbstudy.Besidespeopleareworriedaboutthehealthrisktokidsusingmobilephones.Scientistsbelievechildrenareespeciallyvulnerable易受伤的mobileradiation.41.ThestoryofLucyistoldtoshowus.A.Britishparentsalwaysmeettheirchildren’sneeds.B.Britishkidshavegoodrelationshipwiththeirparents.C.howBritishparentsacceptthetruthofteenagersowningamobilephonE.D.whyeverychildgetsamobilephoneasabirthdaypresentinUK42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Peopleworryabouttheharmtothekids’healthbyusingmobilephonE.B.Teenagerswanttohavetheirownsecret.C.LucydoesnotgetthemobilephoneshewantsD.Teenagersliketosendmessagestoeachother43.Theunderlinedwordeavesdropmeans.A.joininactivelyB.interruptrudelyC.watchcarefullyD.listensecretly44.Interviewsdiscoverchildrenliketosendmessagesinsteadof.A.callingeachotherB.writingtoeachotherC.playinggamesonlineD.greetingeachother

GUZhaodi60hadtakenwaterforgrantedforyears.InfactnooneinthebeautifullakecityofWuxiJiangsuProvincehadbotheredtospareathoughtonwater.Butallthatchangeddramaticallyovernightlastmonthwhentapsinthecityrandry.Duetoablue-greenalgae藻类outbreakinTaihuLakeChina’sthirdlargestfreshwaterlakeandthesourceofdrinkingwaterfor4millionWuxiresidents居民waterfromthecity’stapsbecamedarkandsmelly.Ican’tbelievethereisnowaterfordrinkingletalonecookingandwashingsaidＧu.Thelakewasblanketedwiththealgaegivingoffastrongsmellofrottingmeat.A.stonethrownintoittookalongtimetosink.Expertssaidthatalgaeusuallyboombecauseofhotwaterandrichchemicalslikephosphor磷inthewater.HightemperatureandalackofraininthepastfewmonthshelpedthegrowthofalgaesaidZhangLijunanofficialfromtheStateEnvironmentProtectionAdministration.Howeverpollutionfromhumanactivityshouldbemostblamedforthedisaster.TaihuLakeissurroundedbymanysmallfactorieswhichsprangupinthe1980s.Inthe1990smanyforeign-funded外资的companiesjoinedin.Theindustriesprospered繁荣WuxihasgrownintooneofthewealthiestcitiesinEastChinA.Butthatcameatthepriceofpollution.Thelakewastreatedlikeawastedump垃圾堆withfactoriesemptyingindustrialwasteanduntreatedsewage污水intoit.Althoughafterthegovernment'seffortlifeinthecityhasgonebacktonormaltheone-weekcrisis危机rangabellforthegovernmentandlocalpeoplE.It’stimetorebuildthebeautyofnatureorourliveswillbeatrisksaidGu.Asafeenvironmentcomesfirst.EconomicgrowthwillbenothingwithoutfreshwatertodrinkandcleanairtobreathE.saidChinaDaily.36.Thefollowingcanhelpthebluegreenalgaegrow______A.highwatertemperatureB.richchemicalsinthewaterC.alackofrainD.plentifulwaterandsunshine37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theone-weekdisasterhasmadethelocalpeoplerealizetheimportanceofbuildingabeautifulcity.B.ItishumanactivityratherthanthealgaethatistoblameforthewaterPollution.C.OnlywhentheenvironmentissafeandfriendlycanmanliveabetterandhealthierlifE.D.EnvironmentshouldbetakenintoconsiderationfirstifacityplanstodevelopitseconomiC.38.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whoistoblamemanoralgae?B.WaterturnedoffC.WaterpollutiontroubledWuxiD.AlgaethreatenedTaihuLake39.AccordingtothepassageTaihuLake________A.isthethirdlargestlakeinChina.B.issurroundedbymanyforeign-fundedfactoriesandcompanies.C.usedtobeawastedump.D.sufferedfromindustrialwasteuntreatedsewageandalgaE.40.Theunderlinedphrasesprangupinthesixthparagraphmeans______A.developquicklyB.producegoodsquicklyC.cometolifeD.growup

【2011·陕西西安中学适应性训练四】C.TerraformingEarth-formingotherplanetsalsoknownasplanetaryengineering行星工程seemslikeataskstillcenturiesawayformankindtoaccomplish.Howeveritisavigoroustopicthatattractsbothpopularandscientificinterest.Whyshouldthepossibilityofterraformingotherplanetsbestudiedwhenitmaybecenturiesbeforeweknowenoughtoevendecideifit’sagoodidea?Mankindisgettingmoreandmorehardfactsaboutotherplanets.TheatmosphereofVenushasbeenexplored;robotshavesurveyedthesurfaceofMars;MercuryJupiterandSaturnhavebeenstudiedbyspacecraft.Speculationshavebeenanswered;newquestionshavebeenraisedandenoughharddataisrightnowbecomingavailabletoallowustomakethefirstattemptofplanetaryengineering.InthepastpeoplewithexcellentideasaboutterraforminghavekeptthemtothemselvesorburiedtheminadeskdrawerbecausetheydidnotrealizethatanyoneelsewasinteresteD.Butnowawidecircleofpeoplehasbeguntodothiskindofwork.ForinstanceNASAfundedaprojectontransformingMars.Thereareseveralstrongreasonswhichdemandthatthepossibilitiesofterraformingbestudiedcarefully.Firstit’sanexcitingideaofapossiblefutureforhumanbeings.Suchthinkinghasavaluableroleinprovidingoptionsforourfuturedirections.Secondlythetechniquesofterraformingwillalsohelpcontemporarytechnologiesinweatherandclimatecontrol.ThirdlysuchstudymayassistusindetectinganypossibleexistenceofextraterrestrialintelligenceSETITheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence地外文明搜索andalien异己的civilizationsonotherplanets.Thoughthemissionisfarbeyondourreachatthemomentweshouldatleastkeepouroptionsopen.ThroughdebateandstudyonthissubjectthepossibilityofrebuildingotherplanetstomakethemsuitablehomesforpeoplemaycometruesomedayinthefuturE.54.Accordingtothecontextwhat’sthemeaningofthewordspeculationinparagraph2?A.TheactofdiscussingsomethingwithagroupofpeoplE.B.Theactofstudyingandresearching.C.Theactofguessingwithoutknowingallthefactsaboutsomething.D.Theactingofwritingletterstoacertainorganization.55.Whydidpeoplekeeptheideaofterraformingtothemselvesinthepast?A.TheythoughtnooneelsewouldshowinterestintheideA.B.Theygraduallycametofindtheideacrazy.C.TheythoughttheideawouldnevercometruE.D.TheyhadfewresourcesforfurtherstudyonthistopiC.56.WhichisNOTthereasontosupportthestudyofterraforming?A.Evenifwedon’tsucceedinterraformingsuchstudymayhelpustobetterunderstandtechnologiessuchasclimateandweathercontrol.B.Suchstudymayexploreanewdirectionofdevelopmentforhumanbeings.C.Suchstudymayenableustofindthelivesonotherplanets.D.AstheresourcesonEartharebeingdrainedit’sveryurgenttostudyhowtomigrate迁移tootherplanets.57.What’sthemainideaofthearticle?A.It’shighlypossiblethatterraformingotherplanetswillcometruesoweshouldincreaseinvestinginthisprogram.B.Eveniftheideaofterraformingotherplanetsmaytakecenturiestorealizewehavemanyreasonstosupportsuchstudies.C.Terraformingotherplanetsisthebestoptionforhumanbeing’sfuturE.D.Moreandmorepeoplearetakingplanetaryengineeringastheiroccupation.

IndonesiaisadangerouscountrytocallhomE.Itliesaboveseveralactiveplates板块withmanyfire-breathingvolcanoesarounD.TheeruptionofavolcanoandtheshakingofanearthquakethisweekisjustonereminderofIndonesia’sburningbasE.Indonesiaconsistingof17500islandssitsbetweentheworld’smostactiveregionthePacificRingofFireandtheworld’ssecondmostactiveregiontheAlpidebelt.BeingsituatedbetweenthemmeanstheislandsexperiencesomeofthestrongestearthquakesandmostpowerfulvolcaniceruptionsknownonEarth.ThePacificRingofFireistheworld’sgreatestearthquakebeltaccordingtoU.S.GeologicalSurveyUSGSbecauseofitsseriesoffault断层linescoveringabout25000milesfromChilethroughJapanandSoutheastAsiA.Earthquakesusuallyoccuralongfaultswhicharebreaksintherockyplates.About90percentofalltheworld’searthquakesand80percentoftheworld’slargestearthquakesstrikealongthePacificRingofFirE.About17percentoftheworld’slargestearthquakesand5-6percentofallquakesoccuralonetheAlpidebelt.In2009aloneIndonesiahad10earthquakesgreaterthanmagnitude震级6.0accordingtotheUSGS.Monday’s7.7-magnitudeearthquakethatcauseda3-meter-hightsunamikillingatleast113peopleoccurredwhentheAustralianandSundaplatesstruckintoeachother.OnerockyplatetookadivebelowtheotherresultinginanearthquakeThe9.1-mangitdue2004quakeandIndianOceantsunamikilledabout230000peopleinquiteafewcountries.BelowIndonesiatheEurasianPlateAustralianPlateSundaPlateandPacificPlatemeettogether.66.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofIndonesia?A.Itcovers17500islandsB.It’sabout25000mileslongC.It’sinthecenteroftheAlpideD.It’sfarfromthePacificRingofFire67.Howmanyoftheworld’searthquakesoccuralongthePacificRingofFireandtheAlpidebelt?A.About90percentB.About17percentC.About80percentD.About95percent68.ItcanbeinferredthatIndonesiahasmanyearthquakesbecause.A.therearemanyvolcanoesB.manyplatesmetthereC.theenvironmentispollutedD.theplatesthereareverythin69.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.ThePacificRingofFireistheworld’ssecondmostactiveregionB.ThereweretenearthquakesinIndonesiain2009C.AustralianandSundaplates’strikingcausedIndonesiaMonday’s7.7-magnitudeearthquakeD.The9.1-magnitude2004quakekilled230000Indians70.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Indonesia’svolcanoesB.Indonesia’searthquakesC.Indonesia’sgeographyD.Indonesia’senvironment

浙江省慈溪中学2010届高三第二次月考C.PricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeuseD.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriad众多方面的ofservicesincludinglaborprofessionaltransportationandpublic-utilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthesystemofprices.ThepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroadcomplicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelsE.Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefinepricemanywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorserviceorinotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionisofcoursevalidasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransactionmuchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamountbutwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchangedthetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemadetheformofmoneytobeusedthecredittermsanddiscountsthatapplytothetransactionguaranteesontheproductorservicedeliverytermsreturnprivilegesandotherfactors.Inotherwordsbothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotalpackagebeingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenpricE.69.AccordingtothefirstparagraphwhatmakesupthepricesystemoftheUS?A.Laborprofessionaltransportationandpublic-utility有益services.B.A.complexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughandsoldintheeconomyandalsothoseofamyriadofservices.C.AnyparticularproductorservicE.D.Todependonhowresourcesaretobeused.70.HowmanyfactorsaretheretodefinePrice?A.morethan7B.morethan8C.morethan9D.morethan1071.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Priceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproduct.B.Priceisthemoneyvalueofaproduct.C.Priceisnotonlyanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorservicebuttheamountandqualityoftheproductandotherfactors.D.Priceistheasked-foramountofmoney.72.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowResourcesaretobeUseD.B.ThePriceSystemC.TheFactorsofPriceD.TheDefinitionofPrice

09·天津D.篇NexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffeE.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedteA.Thephysicalsensation感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions—thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.JudgingsomeonetobeeitherwarmorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapablE.MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationsparticularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmotherratherthanonemadeofwireevenwhenthewiremothercarriedafoodbottlE.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills.Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneBarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries.TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.A.researchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform:Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription.ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonA.aswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink.WearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh.51.AccordingtoParagraph1aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby______.A.thevisitorstohisofficeB.thepsychologylessonshehasC.hisphysicalfeelingofcoldnessD.thethingshehasboughtonline52.TheauthormentionsHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat______.A.adultsshoulddevelopsocialskillsB.babiesneedwarmphysicalcontactC.caregiversshouldbehealthyadultsD.monkeyshavesocialrelationships53.InBargh’sexperimentthestudentswereaskedto______.A.evaluatesomeone’spersonalityB.writedowntheirhypothesesC.filloutapersonalinformationformD.holdcoffeeandcolddrinkalternatively54.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.abstractthinkingdoesnotcomefromphysicalexperiencesB.feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessarestudiedworldwideC.physicaltemperatureaffectshowweseeothersD.capablepersonsareoftencoldtoothers55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingforBetterSocialRelationships.B.ExperimentsofPersonalityEvaluation.C.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabits.D.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions.

Thoreauandothernaturalistshavepraisedthebenefitsofnaturetoyourstateofmindintheirworksbuttherearesomeresearchesshowinghownaturemakesyousmarter.A.studyhasfoundthatexposuretothegreatoutdoorsimprovescognitive认知的function.Expertshavecalledthisattentionrestorationtherapy注意力修复治疗.InthestudyresearchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganaskedagroupofvolunteerstocompleteatakedesignedtochallengememoryandattention.ThevolunteersthentookawalkineitheraparkorindowntownAnnArbor.Afterthewalkvolunteersreturnedtothelabandwereretestedonthetask.Theperformanceonthememoryandattentiontaskgreatlyimprovedinpeoplefollowingthewalkintheparkbutdidnotimproveinthosewhowalkeddowntown.Whynaturemakesyousmarter?Accordingtotheexpertsonereasonhastodowithhownatureaffectsyourattention.Youhavetwotypesofattention.Oneisinvoluntarywhereyourattentionisattractedbysomestimuli刺激物.Andtheotheroneisdirectedattentionwhereyoucontrolyourattention.DirectedattentionisimportantformemoryresolvingconflictandreducingabsentminD.Beinginnatureexposesyoutosoothingstimulithatengagesyourinvoluntaryattention.ItgivesyourdirectedattentionarestandachancetobecomereneweD.Whenyouareinacityyouareconstantlyvigilant警觉的yourdirectedattentionisturnedonandcannotgetarest.RichardLuovcreatedthetermnaturedeficit缺乏disorderdisordertodescribeaconditionofbeingsooutoftouchwithnaturethatwelosehumilityourspiritualityourhumanityandwealsoareathigherriskofobesity肥胖depressionandotherdiseasE.HisfirstbookLastChildintheWoodswasaboutthenegativeeffectsofanaturedeficitonchildrenbuthisnewbook.TheNaturePrincipledescribeshowadultsareequallyatriskiftheyseldomspendtimewithnaturE.Ifyoucan’tbeinnaturetodaygetascreensaverofnaturE.Inanotherpartofthestudypeoplewhoweresimplyshownphotosofnaturedidbetteroncognitivefunctionthanthoseshownurbanimages.ButIthinkitwillbebetterforyoutogooutandexperiencetherealthings.61.Whichofthefollowingprobablybelongstotheattentionrestorationtherapy?A.Doingexerciseinthegym.B.ReadingThoreau’sworksathomE.C.Joggingaroundintheshoppingmall.D.Walkingorrunningthroughalocalpark.62.FromthesecondparagraphwecanlearnallEXCEPTthat.A.thestudywasconductedbyexpertsofUniversityofMichiganB.thestudyisaboutpeople’smemoryandattentionC.thestudyindicatesnaturehasagoodeffectonmemoryandattentionD.theparticipantsshouldwalkinboththeparkanddowntown63.Accordingtothepassagewhenoneisconsideredtoengageyourinvoluntaryattention?A.Rememberingthings.B.RelaxinginnaturE.C.Solvingproblems.D.Beingcautious.64.WhichistheCORRECTinformationaboutRichardLuov?A.Hefoundthereasonforobesity.B.Hewroteabookaboutchildren’sproblems.C.Hehaspublishedanewhealthbook.D.HecreatedatermtodescribepeoplewhospendlittletimeinnaturE.65.whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorhighlyadvisereaderstodo?A.GetapictureofnaturE.B.Avoidwatchingurbanimages.C.SetyourscreenwithanimageofnatureasthebackgrounD.D.GooutandspendtimeinnaturE.

【2011·河北省南宫中学月考】E.Whydomendieearlierthanwomen?Thelatestresearchmakesitknownthatthereasoncouldbethatmen’sheartsgointorapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagE.Thelargeststudyoftheeffectsofageingonthehearthasfoundthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartshardlylosetheirpumpingpowerwithagE.Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20---25percentbetween18and70yearsofagesaidtheheadofthestudyDavidGoldspinkofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellsthatenableittobeat.Betweentheageof20and70one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmensaidGoldspink.Thisispartoftheageingprocess.Whatsurprisesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartseesverylittlelossofthesecells.A.healthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldperformalmostaswellasa20-year-oldone’s.Thisgender性别differencemightjustexplainwhywomenlivelongerthanmensaidGoldspink.Theystudiedmorethan250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof18and80focusingonhealthypersonstoremovetheconfusinginfluenceofdiseasE.TheteamhasyettofindwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemaleheartsaidGoldspink.ThegoodnewsisthatmencanimprovethehealthoftheirheartwithregularexercisE.GoldspinkstressedthatwomenalsoneedregularexercisetopreventtheirlegmusclesbecomingsmallerandweakerastheyagE.57.Theunderlinedwordlongevityinthesecondparagraphprobablyrefersto_________.A.healthB.longlifeC.ageingD.effect58.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.men’sheartcellsB.women’sageingprocessC.thegenderdifferenceD.heartsandlonglife59.AccordingtothetexttheUKscientistshaveknownthat_________.A.womenhavemorecellsthanmenwhentheyarebornB.womencanreplacethecellsthatenablethehearttobeatC.thefemaleheartlosesfewofthecellswithageD.womenneverlosetheirpumpingpowerwithage60.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thereasonwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemalehearthasbeenfoundoutB.scientistsareonthewaytofindingoutwhythemaleheartlosesmoreofthecellsC.theteamhasdonesomethingtopreventthemalefromsufferingthegreaterlossD.womenover70couldlosemoreheartcellsthanthoseattheageof20

2011·上海卷B.HumpbackwhalesQuickFactsSize:14m-18minlength;30-50tonsinweightLiving:OpenoceanandshallowcoastlinewatersEnvironment:Fromwarmtropical热带的waterswheretheybreedtocoldpolarwaterswheretheyeatDiet:ShellfishplantsandfishofsmallsizeHunting:Sometimesingroupsinwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthewaterblowingbubblesthatformanetaroundaschooloffish.Thefisharethenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.Currentstate;endangered;itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000-7500humpbackwhalesworldwideBlowholedorsalfinPectoralfinHumpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.ThisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressivemovementswhentheydivE.Thenamehumpbackwhichisthecommonnameforthiswhalereferstothetypicalcurveshapethewhale’sbackformsasitdives.Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovementknownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsofitsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.A.breachmightalsoincludeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewingsasthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.A.humpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceoftheWaterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthetopoftheheaD.Itblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metersabovethewater.Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownitsback.otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfinswhichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylengthanduniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:notwoarethesamE.Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughcomplexsongs.69.AccordingtoQuickFactsahumpbackwhale_____.A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshoreB.doesn’tliveinthesamewatersallthetimeC.livesmainlyonunderwaterplantsD.preferstworkalonewhenhuntingfood70.Tomakeabreachahumpbackwhalemust_____A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewaterB.twistitsbodysidewaystjumphighC.blowtwostreamsofwaterD.communicatewithagroupofhumpbacks71.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale________.A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonitstailflukesB.hasblackandwhitefingerprintsC.getsitsnamefromthewayithuntsD.isagreatperformerduetoitssongs

LetussupposeitisnowaboutA.D.2060.Let'smakebelieveitisaboutsixtyyearsfromnow.Ofcoursethingshavechangedandlifeisverydifferent.Voyagestothemoonarebeingmadeeveryday.Itisaseasytotakeaholidayonthemoontodayasitwasforthepeoplein1960totakeaholidayinEuropE.Atanumberofscenicspotsonthemoonmanyhotelshavebeenbuiltthehotelsareair－conditionednaturally.Sothateveryonecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryonthemoon.Everyroomhasatleastonepicturewindow.EverythingimaginableisprovidedforentertainmentofyoungandolD.Whatarepeopleeatingnow?PeoplearestilleatingfooD.Theyhaven'tyetstartedtotakeontheirsupplyofenergydirectlyaselectricalcurrentorasnuclearpower.Theymaybesomeday.Butmanyfoodsnowcomeinpillformandthefoodthatgoesintothepillcontinuestocomemainlyfromgreenplants.Sincethereareseveraltimesasmanypeopleintheworldtodayastherewereahundredyearsagomostofourplanet'ssurfacehastobefilleD.Thedesertsareirrigatedwithwater.Cropsarenolongerdestroyedbypests.TheharvestisalwaysgooD.FarmingofcourseisveryhighlydevelopeD.Veryfewpeoplehavetoworkonthefarm.Itispossibletorunthefarmbyjustpushingafewbuttonsnowandthen.Peoplearenowlargelyvegetarians.YouseeasthenumberofpeopleincreasedthenumberofanimalsdecreaseD.ThereforethepeoplehavetobevegetariansandwearehealthierinbothourbodiesandourmindstooandweknowthecausesandcureofdiseasesandpainanditispossibletogetridofdiseasE.NoonehastobeillanymorE.Suchwouldbeourlifein2060.6.Whatarethehotelsonthemoonusedforin2060?A.Scientificexperiments.B.Peoplewhohavenohouses.C.Astronauts.D.HolidaypeoplE.7.WhichofthefollowingisWRONG?A.InthestorythepopulationoftheworldhasincreaseD.B.Voyagestothemoonarebeingmadeeveryday.C.A.greatnumberofpeopleworkonthefarm.D.Thefoodcomesmainlyfromgreenplants.8.Accordingtothepassagewhyarepeoplelargelyvegetarians?A.Becausemostpeoplelikevegetablesbetter.B.BecausethenumberofpeopleincreasedandthenumberofanimalsdecreaseD.C.Becausepeoplethinkmeatisunhealthy.D.Becausetherearenoanimalsatall.9.Accordingtothepassagewhataboutthepeople'shealthin2060?A.Becausethepeoplehavetobevegetarianstheyareverythin.B.Thepeoplehavenoillness.C.Thedoctordon'tknowhowtotreatthediseasesandpain.D.Thepeoplearelesshealthierinourbodiesthaninourminds.10.Whenwasthepassagewritten?A.InaboutA.D.2060.B.Inabout1960.C.Inabout2000.D.Inabout2004.

Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerfulproblemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouriMUresearchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmallerlighterandmoreefficient.Toprovideenoughpowerweneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity密度saidJaeKwonassistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.Theradioisotope放射性同位素batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbatterypresentlythesizeandthicknessofapennyintendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystemsM/NEMS.AlthoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcernsKwonsaidtheyaresafe.Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangeroushesaidHowevernuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevicessuchaspace-makersspacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssizebutalsoinitssemiconductor半导体.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergypartoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure晶体结构ofthesolidsemiconductorKwonsaidByusingaliquidsemiconductorwebelievewecanminimizethatproblem.TogetherwithJ..DavidRobertsonchemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactorKwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuturetheyhopetoincreasethebattery’spowershrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.67.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyused.C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.68.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructure.69.AccordingtoJaeKwonhisnuclearbattery_______.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentones.C.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest.70.Thetextismostprobablya________.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefiction

2011·江苏卷A.Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper雨刮器Shouldn’tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcleanthinkso.InfactMcleanaprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRangefeelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe’sdevelopedacourseonthetopiC.InadditiontolearningwhoinventedwhathoweverMcleanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothewhyandhowquestions.AccordingtoMcleanWhenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestionstheyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.Sojustwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?WellMaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoMewYorkCity.ThedaywascoldandstormybutAndersonstillwantedtoseethesightssoshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewinshieldshefoundhersefewonderingwhytherecouldn’tbeabuolt-indevicforcleaingthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirminghamAlabamaAndersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideasalever操作杆ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontralanarmontheoutsidebecamethefirstwindshieldwiper.TodaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovationsIt’shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan’strafficlight.It’sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett’sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisibleCanyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?56.Bymentionongtrafficlightandwindshieldwipertheauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare.A.beneficialbecausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficialthoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notusefulbecausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notusefulthoughtheirinventorsarefamous57.ProfessorJoanMcLean’scourseaimsto_____.A.addcolourandvarietytostudents’campuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper’sinventionC.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversityD.pre[arestudentstotrytheieowninvention58.TommyLee’sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas_________.A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerB.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperC.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormD.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean’slectures59.Which0fthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?AHowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?BHowtoDesignaBuilt-inDerviceforCleaningtheWindow?CShouldn’tWeKnowWhoInventdtheWindshieldWiper?DShouldn’tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?

Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuturein5000oreven50000yearsfromnow?WecanonlymakeguessesofcoursebutwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistodayformanisslowlychangingallthetimE.LetustakeanobviousexamplE.Manevenfivehundredyearsagowasshorterthanheistoday.Nowonaveragemenareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshortperiodoftimesowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Againinthemodemworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evensowestillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain'scapacity.Astimegoesonhoweverweshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmoreandeventuallyweshallneedlargerones!Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetoo:theheadinparticulartheforeheadwillgrowlarger.NowadaysoureyesareinconstantusE.Infactweusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoveraverylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman'seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhandwetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.Theseasaresultarelikelytogrowweaker.AtthesametimehoweverourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodemlifE.Butwhatabouthair?Thiswillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.InthefuturethenbothsexesarelikelytobebalD.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat!ThismaywellbetruE.Allthesameinspiteofallthesechangesfuturemanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeingwiththoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.62.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.A.man'slifewillbedifferentinthefutureB.whatwillmanlooklikeinthefutureC.manisgrowingtalleranduglierastimepassesD.human'sorgans'functionswillbecomeweak63.Thechangeinman'ssizeofforeheadwillprobablybebecause.A.hemakesuseonly20%ofthebrain'scapacityB.hisbrainhasgrownlargeroverthepastcenturiesC.theother80%ofhisbrainwillgrowinduetimeD.hewillusehisbrainmoreandmoreastimegoeson64.Whatwillbetrueaboutahumanbeinginthefuture?A.Hewillbehairlessbecausehairisnolongeruseful.B.Hewillhavesmallereyesandwillwearbetterglasses.C.Hisfingerswillgrowweakerbecausehewon'thavetomakeuseofthem.D.Hewillthinkandfeelinadifferentway.65.Itisimpliedthat.A.humanbeingswillbecomelessattractiveinthefuturE.B.lessuseofabodilyorgan器官mayleadtoitsdegeneration退化.C.humanbeingshopeforachangeinthefuturelifE.D.futurelifeisalwayspredictablE.

Thereisabigexperimentgoingon.Howbig?WellthelaboratoryisthePacificOceanandtheexperimentmaygoonfortwentyyears.Suchahugeexperimentisneededtoanswerahugelyimportantquestion:Howfastistheearthwarmingup?Weknowthattheincreasingamountsofcarbondioxidearemakingouratmosphereintoawarmerblanket.Andweworrythatthisgreenhouseeffectmaygetgreaterandgreater.Butwearen'tsurehowmuchtheearthiswarminguporhowmuchithaswarmedupoverthepasthundredyears.Ofcoursewehavelotsofcarefultemperaturerecords.YouseeorheartheseeverydayintheweatherreportsofyourradioandTVstations.Youalsocanseehowmuchthesechangesfromhourtohourfromdaytodayandfromoneplacetoanother.ButyouhaveneverheardanyonesaywhattheaveragetemperaturewasforthewholeworlD.ScientistshaveworkedhardtofigureoutaverageairtemperaturesinordertoseehowmuchthesehavechangeD.Oneofourbestestimates估算isthattheearthhaswarmedupabout1°Finthepasthundredyears.Thatmaynotsoundlikemuchbutonaworldwidebasisevensmallchangesintemperaturehavebigeffects.61.Whyistheexperimentregardedasbig?Itisbecause________.A.thelaboratoryisthePacificOceanB.theexperimentmaylastaslongas20yearsC.theexperimentisneededtosolveaveryimportantproblemD.bothA.andB.62.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthefollowingexceptthat________.A.theincreasingamountsofcarbondioxidearemakingtheearthwarmerandwarmerB.mandoesn'tknowhowwarmertheearthisgettingC.manwondershowfasttheearthiswarmingupD.theincreasingnumberofgreenhousesontheearthmakesthetemperaturehigherandhigher63.Scientistsareperformingthebigexperimentto________.A.getthetemperaturerecordsofthewholeworldB.seehowtheweatherallovertheworldchangesfromhourtohourC.takethetemperaturesofthePacificOceanD.findouttheaverageairtemperaturessoastoseetheirchanges64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thetemperatureoftheearthhasrisen1°Cinthepasthundredyears.B.Thetemperatureoftheearthhasrisenslightlyhigherwhichhasnobadeffect.C.Thesmallchangesinthetemperatureoftheearthaffecttheearthgreatly.D.Thetemperatureoftheearthhasrisenonly1°Finthepasthundredyearswhichhasnobadeffectontheearth.

2011·浙江卷A.OneeveninginFebruary2007.astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultClioparkedacrossarailwaylinE.Secondlatershewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.Ceely'snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice导航仪.Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS.Butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.IputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrainshetoldtheBBC.Whoistoblamehere?RickStevensonwhotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUSfingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.WeputourfaithindigitaldeviceshesaysbutourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejoB.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit’snotjustGPSdevices:Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskeyboards.Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit’snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesdigitaltechnologywhiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.A.map-makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignalingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeCPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn’tsay.It’saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.InasectiononcarsStevensongivesanaccoutoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputer-basedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.HesaysthatonceonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliablE.Perhapsbutmaybeit’salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomecombinationofthesefactors.Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesiscomplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybewayawiseruseoftechnology.Ifthereissuchawayitshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines.Afterallwehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.41.WhatdidPaulaCeelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident?A.ShewasnotfamiliarwiththeroaD.B.Itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.C.Therailwayworksfailedtogivethesignal.D.HerGPSdevicedidn’ttellheraboutthecrossing42.Thephrasenearmissparagraph2canbestbereplacedby_______.A.closebitB.heavylossC.narrowescapeD.bigmistake43.WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith?A.Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan’tlivewithout.B.Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofoutexpectation.C.DigitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobE.D.GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCelery’saccident.44.Inthewriter’sopinionStevenson’sargumentis________.A.one-sidedB.reasonableC.puzzlingD.well-based45.Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle?A.Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.B.TherelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnologyC.TheshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweusE.D.Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.

ItwasadarkNovemberdayin1895.InalaboratoryattheroyalUniversityofWurzburginwesternGermanya50-year-oldphysicsprofessorWilhelmRoentgenperformedwhatlookedlikeatypeofmagiC.Heplacedaglassvacuum真空tubeinsideablackcardboardboxandappliedahigh-voltagecurrent__电流.Hesuddenlynoticedthatonabenchnearbyapieceofpapercoatedwithachemicalsubstancebegangivingoffanstrangelight.OverthefollowingtwoweeksRoentgenperformedaseriesofexperimentsthatprovedtheexistenceofaformofelectro-magnetic电磁的radiationhecalledX-rays.Hisastonishingdiscoveryhasledtoadeeperunderstandingofthephysicalworld----inparticulartothefieldofmedicaldiagnosis诊断.X-raysarewidelyusedinmedicinetomakeradiographsorX-rayspicturesofthebonesandinternalorgansofthebodytoseewhetherdiseasesexistsuchasbrokenbonesorlungdiseases.AradiographismadebypassinganX-raysbeamthroughapatient’sbodyontoapieceofphotographicfilm.Thebonestakesinmoreoftheraysthandomusclesorotherorganssothebonesthrowthesharpestshadowsonthefilm.Improvementsoverthepastcentury----fromfluoroscopy荧光透视法toCTscans----havemadeX-raystechnologyaninvaluabletoolofmedicinE.78.AtthebeginningofthepassageProf.WilhelmRoentgenwas_______.A.performinganentertainingprogramB.playingmagicC.doingsomeexperimentsD.Noneofabove79.WhenProf.Roentgenplacedaglassvacuumtubeinablackboxandappliedahigh-voltagecurrenthe_______.A.sawabenchnearbyB.noticedapieceofpaperonanearbybenchbegintoburnslowlyC.noticedapieceofpaperonanearbybenchbegintogiveoutstrangelightD.noticedapieceofpaperwascoatedwithachemicalsubstance80.Theboneshaveclearershadowonthephotographicfilmthandomusclesorotherorgansbecause______.A.thebonesareharderthanthemB.thebonescanhelpabsorbmoreraysthanthemC.thebonescanblockmoreraysthanthemD.X-rayscannotpassthroughthebones

06·辽宁B.篇UnlikemodernanimalscientistsdinosaurscientistscannotsitonahillsideandusetelescopestowatchdinosaursinordertoknowhowtheylivedandwhethertheyweregoodparentsInsteadtheyhavetosearchhardforinformationfromdinosaurs’fossils恐龙化石becausedinosaursdiedoutmillionsofyearsago.It’sverydifficultforthescientiststoreachanagreementbecausedifferentresultscanbegotfromthesamefossils.ManyfossilsofthesamekindofdinosaurshavebeendugoutfromoneplacE.Theymighthaveformedwhenanentiregroupofdinosaursgotstuck陷入allatonceortheymighthavebeentheresultofdinosaursgettingstuckoneafteranotheroveracourseofafewcenturies.ThuswecansaythatdinosaursmighthaveinthefirstcaselivedinbiggroupsandinthesecondlivedalonE.Thoughtherearetwodifferentresultsdinosaurscientistsnowgenerallyagreethatatleastsomekindsofdinosaurslivedinbiggroups.That’sprettymuchsettledatthispoint.saysPaulSereno.A.kindofdinosaurscalledSauropodsleftbehindtracksinthewesternUnitedStatesthatappeartorunnorthandsouthsuggestingthattheyevenmovedlongdistancestogether.Astowhetherdinosaurscaredfortheiryoungdinosaurscientistshaveturnedtotheclosestlivingrelativesofdinosaurs―birdsandcrocodiles―forpossiblemodels.Birdsgivealotofcaretotheiryoungwhilecrocodilesjusthelptheiryoungtothewater.ThediscoveredfossilsofdinosaurssittingontheirgeesandstayingwiththeiryoungsuggesttheparentsweretakingcareoftheirbabiesbutwestillcannotsaythatalldinosaursdidthesamE.ThereisstillalongwaytogobeforetheabovequestionscouldbeanswereD.Dinosaurscientistswillhavetofindmoreprooftoreachanagreement.60.Dinosaurscientistscangetinformationdirectlyby_______.A.studyingdinosaurfossilsB.examiningmodernanimalsC.watchingdinosaursD.usingtelescopes61.WhatisprettymuchsettledaccordingtoPaulSereno?A.HalfofthedinosaurslivedalonE.B.Mostdinosaursmovedlongdistances.C.Manydinosaurssettledinthenorth.D.Somedinosaurslivedinbiggroups.62.Dinosaurscientistscanprobablyknowwhetherdinosaursweregoodparentsby_______.A.watchingmanykindsofanimalsB.studyingdinosaurs’livingrelativesC.followingthetracksleftbehindD.workingondug-outdinosaureggs63.Whichofthefollowingtheaccordingtotheparagraph?A.Birdshardlyayattentiontotheiryoung.B.Babycrocodilescanlookafterthemselveswell.C.Somedinosaurstookcareoftheiryoung.D.Birdsandcrocodilestakegoodcareoftheiryoung.

Asthepopulationoftheplanetincreasessodoesthenumberofhomesbusinessesparkinglotsschoolsairportsandroadways.Allthesestructuresuseelectricityandneedtobelighted.Humansdemandtheselights.Theywanttheirhomesmorecomfortableandtheywanttheirstreetssage.Theproblemisthatresearchersarefindingthatallthelightishavinganegativeeffectonhumansandwildlifeaswell.Lessthan10yearsagoIdrovetoathinlypopulatedsectionofmytownlaydowninthemiddleoftheroadandwatchedanattractedmeteorshower流星雨.Theareawasshortofhomesstreetlightsandtraffic.IfIdidthattodayIwouldn’tbeabletoseethemeteorshoweraswellandIwouldsurelyberunoverbyacar.Nowadaysscientistsarefindinglightpollutioncanbealmostasbadascarbondioxidepollution.Ifyou’veevertakenaflightatnighttheviewisbeautifulbutyoumustrememberthatallthelightyouseeiswastedelectricity.Thecrewofthespaceshuttlesseeanevenbiggerpictureofhowextensivethewastedelectricityisworldwide.Additionallyelectricityneedstobegeneratedandthegenerationofelectricitycreatespollutionbygivingoffgreenhousegases.Thisaffectstheairwebreatheandourqualityoflife.Scientistsarealsostudyingtheeffectsoflightpollutiononwildlife.Thousandsofbirdsdieeachyearwhentheycrashintohighlylightedbuildingsastheybecomepuzzledbythelight.Ithasbeenlongknownthattinyseaturtlehatchlingsbecomelostandfollowlightsontheshoreinsteadofheadingtowardsthesea.Fortunatelylightpollutionisoneoftheeasiestsourcesofpollutionthatcanbecorrectedwithoutanegativeeffect.FollowingsomeguidelinesandalittlesearchingonGooglecangiveyoumanyideasonhowtoreduceyourcontributiontolightpollution.67.Theauthortellsthestoryinthesecondparagraphmainlyto_________.A.rememberthepastbeautyofthetown.B.stresstheadvantagesoflesspollutionC.showthegreatchangesofthetownD.provethebadeffectsoflightpollution68.Inthepassagetheauthoradvisespeople_________.A.totrytoreduceunnecessarylight.B.nottoignorethebeautyaround.C.tosetproperlightforanimalsD.nottodestroytheanimal’slivingconditions.69.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Lightpollutionisdifficulttodealwith.B.Lightpollutionisathreattosomeanimals.C.LightpollutionhasnothingtodowithglobalwarmingD.Astronautscan’tseeclearlyinspaceduetolightpollution.70.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphwhichfollowsthelastparagraph?A.Theauthor’scontributiontolightpollutionB.OthersourcesoflightpollutionC.WaysofreducinglightpollutionD.Morebadeffectsoflightpollution

Thebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterrorist恐布分子withagunbutthemanwiththeportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast15yearspilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagnetic电磁interference干扰.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmedbutincreasinglyexpertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicesuchasportablecomputersradioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.RTCAanorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation航空industryhasrecommendedthatallairlinesban禁止suchdevicesfrombeingusedduringcriticalstagesofflightparticularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurthercallingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currentlyrulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibit禁止passengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlandingmostarereluctanttoenforceatotalbangiventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.Thedifficultyispredictionhowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft’scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledeviceemitradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.Butbecausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratorytheyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable易受损的tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Anotherworryingthoughisthepassengerwhocan’theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusicistooloud.48.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast15years?A.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.B.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamagetotheradiosystems.C.Theyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterference.D.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengers’portablecomputers.49.Fewairlineswanttoimpose强加atotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause.A.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackonB.theydon’tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerferenceC.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeprovedD.mostpassengersrefusetotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayers50.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane’scomputers?A.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch.B.Becauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplane.C.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.D.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.

2011·四川卷C.ThepoundnewLibraryofBirminghamLoBwillbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization数字化ofeverydaylifE.Settoopenin2013the£188mLoBisalreadybeginningtotaleshapenexttotheBirminghamRepertoryTheatrewithwhichitwillsharesomeequipment.Asdigitalmedia媒介isimportanttoitsidea.theprojectisalreadyprovidingchancesforsomeofthemanysmallnewlocalcompaniesworkingatthenewtechnologies.BrianGamblestheLoBprojectdirectorsaysitisaboutgivingpeopletherighttoolsforlearningTheaimistomixthephysicalwiththedigital.Providing24-hourserviceswhichcanbeusedthroughmanydifferentways.Itisimportanttoenableustoreachmorepeoplemoreeffectively.ThedigitallibrarywillhesaysbeasimportantasthephysicaloneallowingthedistantuseoftheservicesmakingsurethatitisneverclosedtothepubliC.EvenbeforetheLoBiscompletethepublichasbeenabletogoonlinetovisittheVirtual虚拟的LoBdesignedbyBadentheBirminghamvirtualworldsspecialists.NotonlyhavethepublicbeenabletolearnaboutLoBbutthevirtualonehasalsoenabledthoseworkingontheLoBtounderstandthebuildingandhowitwillworkbeforeitevenopens.TwoothersmallBirmingham-baseddigitalcompaniesareworkingontheLoBprojects.Substratadigitaldesigncompanyisdevelopingwhatitcallsanexampleofanenlargedrealityproject.ItisabouttheuseofanexcitingsmartphoneanimportantpartofthewhichistheearlystagesofdevelopmentisanonlinelibraryoffiguresofthecitybeingbuiltupbyacontentcompanyinCahootsinwhichuserswiththeencouragedtoaddtoandcommentonthematerial.Gamblessays:Technologywillenableustomakethelibrary’sandservicesopentocitizensasseverbeforE.49.TheunderlinepartitsideainParagraph3referstotheideaof____A.theequipmentB.theprojectC.thedigitalmediaD.thephysicallibrary50.WhilevisitingtheVirtualLoBthepubliccan_____A.getageneralideaoftheLoBB.meetmoreworld-famousexpertsC.learnhowtoputupalibrarybuildingD.understandhowthespecialistsworkontheproject51.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheLoBwhenitopens?A.ItoffersbetterlearningtoolsB.ItreachesusersindifferentwaysC.ItprovidesuserswithsmartphoneD.ItallowsuserstoenrichitsmaterialE.Itgivesnon-stopphysicalanddigitalservicesA.abdB.aceC.bcdD.bde52.Thisextmorefrom.A.aputbookB.alibraryguideC.ahandbookD.newspaperreport

Ifyoucanreadaclockyoucanknowthetimeoftheday.Butnooneknowswhattimeitselfis.OnewaytothinkabouttimeistoimagineaworldwithouttimE.ButtherecouldbenomovementbecausetimeandmovementcannotbeseparateD.Inearlyhumanhistorytheonlychangesthatseemedtorepeatthemselvesevenlywerethemovementsofobjectsinthesky.Themosteasilyseenresultofthesemovementswasthedifferencebetweenlightanddarkness.Thesunrisesintheeasternskyproducinglight.Itmovesacrosstheskyandsinksinthewestcausingdarkness.Theappearanceanddisappearanceofthesunwasevenandunfailing.TheperiodsoflightanddarknessitcreatedwerethefirstacceptedperiodsoftimE.Wehavenamedeachperiodoflightanddarknessoneday.Peoplesawthesunrisehigherintheskyduringthesummerthaninwinter.Theycountedthedaysthatpassedfromthesun’shighestpositionuntilitreturnedtothatposition.Theycounted365days.WenowknowthatisthetimeEarthtakestomoveoncearoundthesun.Wecallthisperiodoftimeayear.TheyalsodevelopedawaytousethechangingfacesofthemoontotelltimE.ThemoonwasfullwhenitsfacewasbrightandrounD.Theearlyhumanscountedthenumberoftimesthesunappearedbetweenfullmoons.Theylearnedthatthisnumberalwaysremainedthesame---about29suns.Wenowknowthisperiodoftimeasonemonth.Earlyhumanshuntedanimalsandgatheredwildplants.TheymovedingroupsortribesformplacetoplaceinsearchofgooD.Thenpeoplelearnedtoplantseedsandgrowcrops.AshunterspeopledidnotneedawaytomeasuretimE.Asfarmershowevertheyhadtoplantcropsintimetoharvestthembeforewinter.TheyhadtoknowwhentheseasonswouldchangE.Sotheydevelopedcalendars.NooneknowswhenthefirstcalendarwasdevelopeD.Butitseemspossiblethatitwasbasedonmoonsorlunarmonths.41.TheunderlinedwordunfailinginparA.2isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.reliableB.everlastingC.limitedD.changing42.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthemethodearlypeopleusedtotelltime?A.SunpositionB.SunlightnessC.MoonshapeD.Plantingcrops43.Whydidpeopleinventthefirstcalendartomeasuretime?A.Becauseearlyhumanshuntedanimalsandgatheredwildplants.B.BecauseearlyfarmershadtogrowandharvestcropsintimE.C.Becauseearlypeoplehadtosearchforfoodingroups.D.BecauseearlyhumansmovedingroupsortribesfromplacetoplacE.44.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.WhyearlypeopledevelopedcalendarsisnotclearB.Whenthefirstcalendarwasdevelopedremainsunknown.C.Whatearlypeoplebasedthefirstcalendaroniscertain.D.Howearlypeoplecountedadayisstillunknown.45.Itcanbeconcludedfromthetextthat______.A.timeandmovementarelooselyrelatedevenatpresentdaysB.thelightanddarknessdifferencesofthesunweretheonlymovementsinskyC.theperiodoftwenty-ninesunsiscalledonemonthD.earlyhumansfirstacceptedperiodsoftimecreatedbythemoon.

05·福建C.篇WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditissteamywarmdampandthick.Butifyouhadbeenaround15000yearsagoduringthelasticeagewouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30yearsscientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsliketheAmazonmighthavereacted反应tothecolddryclimatesoftheiceagesbutuntilnownoonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonnesofCO2eachyear;equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttofutureclimatechange?IfitgetsdrierwillitstillsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.UnfortunatelygettingintotheAmazonrainforestandcollectinginformationareverydifficult.Tostudypastclimatescientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollenkeptinlakemuds.Goingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdeepdownintolakesediments沉淀物whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpathsorplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforestbutthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscompletelyunsampled未取样.SofaronlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonrainforestreactstoclimatechangE.64.Theunderlinedphrasemoppingupinthesecondparagraphmeans.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout65.HowwilltheAmazonrainforestreacttofutureclimatechange?A.It’llgetdrierandcontinuetoremoveCO2.B.It’llremainsteamywarmdampandthick.C.It’llgetwarmerandthencolderanddrier.D.Thereisnoexactansweruptopresent.66.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.It’simportanttodrilldeepdownintolakesedimentstocollectinformation.B.It’simpossibletoprovehowclimatechangesintheAmazonrainforest.C.It’shardtocollectinformationforstudiesofthepastclimateintheAmazonrainforest.D.It’snecessarytohavespecializedequipmentandmachinerytostudythepastclimatE.67.Thebesttitleforthispassagemayprobablybe.A.StudiesoftheAmazonB.ClimatesoftheAmazonC.SecretsoftheRainforestsD.ChangesoftheRainforests

TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincredit-cardfrauD.YourcardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalwebsitE.WebsitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcarE.On-lineshopperswhoentertheircredit-cardinformationmayneverreceivethegoodstheythoughttheybought.Thethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcardnumber—orselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computershackershavebrokendownsecuritysystemsraisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation.Severalmonthsago25000customersofCDUniverseanon-linemusicretailer零售商werenotlucky.Theirnamesaddressesandcredit-cardnumberswerepostedonaWebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157828togetbacktheinformation.Credit-cardfirmsarenowfightingagainston-linefrauD.MasterCardisworkingonplansforWeb—onlycreditcardwithalowercreditlimit.Thecardcouldbeusedonlyforshoppingon-linE.HoweverthereareafewsimplestepsyoucantaketokeepfrombeingcheateD.Askaboutyourcredit-cardfirm’son-linerules:UnderBritishlawcardholdershavetopaythefirstUS$78ofanyfraudulent欺骗性的spending.Andshoponlyatsecuresites;Sendyourcredit-cardinformationonlyiftheWebsiteoffersadvancedsecuresystem.Ifthesecurityisinplacealetterwillappearinthebottomright-handcornerofyourscreen.TheWebsiteaddressmayalsostarthttps://—theextrasstandsforsecurE.Ifindoubtgiveyourcredit-cardinformationoverthetelephonE.Keepyourpasswordsafe:Moston-linesitesrequireausernameandpasswordbeforeplacinganorder.TreatyourpasswordswithcarE.45.WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?A.Manystolencredit-cardsweresoldontheInternet.B.ToomuchfraudontheInternet.C.ManyWebsitesaredestroyeD.D.ManyillegalWebsitesareontheInternet.46.Whatisthemeaningoffraudinthepassage?A.Cheating.B.SalE.C.Payment.D.Safety.47.Howcanthethievesgettheinformationofthecreditcard?A.Thecustomersgivethemtheinformation.B.ThethievesstealtheinformationfromWebsites.C.Thecustomersselltheinformationtothem.D.Thethievesbuytheinformationfromcredit-cardfirms.48.Youareshoppingonthesite:http://www.Shopping.comandyouwanttobuyaTVsetwhatdoesthisarticlesuggesttodo?A.OrdertheTVsetatoncE.B.DonotbuytheTVsetonthissitE.C.E-mailthesiteyourcredit-cardinformation.D.TellthesiteyourpasswordandbuytheTVsetforyou.

Wuggingorweb-usegivingdescribestheactofgivingtocharityatnocosttotheuser.ByusingEveryclick.comwhichisbeingaddedtoanumberofuniversitycomputersacrosstheUKstudentscanraisemoneyeverytimetheysearch;butitwon’tcostthemapenny.Researchshowsthatstudentsareextremelypassionateaboutsupprtingcharity-88%offull-timestudentshaveusedtheIntenettogivetocharity.ThisagegroupisoftentheleastlikelytohavetheirownincomE.19%of22yearoldshaveshort-termdebtsofmorethan£5000.Withrisingpersonaldebtlevelsinthisagegroupduetouniversitytuitionfeesorpersonalloansandalackoflong-termsavingstraditionalmethodsofdonatingtocharityareoftennotappealingorpossiblE.BethTrumana21-year-oldrecentuniversitygraduatehasusedEveryclick.comtodonatetoherchosencharitytheRSPCAfortwoyearsandhasseenthewugginggrowinpopularitywithstudents.wugginggrowinpopularitywithstudents.Whenyou’reatuniversityyoubecomemoresociallyawarebutit’ssometimeshardtogivetootherswhenyouhavelittlemoneyyourselfsaysBeth.Wuggingisgreatforpeopleinthisagegroupasitallowsthemtousethetechnologyonadailybasistogivetocharitywithoutcostingthemasinglepenny.Wuggingisperfectforpeoplewhowanttobemoresociallyawareandsupportivebutdon’tfeeltheyhavethemeanstodoso.Studentsusingthewebcanraisemoneyforcausestheycareaboutwithoutcostingthemanythingintermsoftimeormoneyandcharitiesgetavaluablesourceoffunding.Everyclick.comworkslikeanyothersearchengineallowinguserstosearchforinformationnewsandimagesbutusescandecidewhichoftheUK’s170000charitiestheywouldliketosupportthroughtheirclicksEveryclick.comthenmakesmonthlypaymentstoeveryregisteredcharity.LaunchedinJune2005Everyclick.comisnowtheeighthlargestsearchengineandoneofthebusiestcharitywebsitesintheUK.66.Accordingtothepassagewuggingisactually.A.awebsiteB.acharity-relatedactionC.aschoolorganizationD.astudentmovement67.InthecaseofcharityEveryclick.com.A.freesstudentsofthefinancialworriesB.receivesmuchmoneyfromstudentsC.offersvaluableinformationtostudentsD.praisesstudentsfortheirmoney-raising68.whatdoesBethTrumanthinkofthewuggingmovement?A.ItmakesEveryclick.comepopularintheUKB.ItbecomeseasytodocharitybecauseofitC.Itresultsinstudents’moresocialawarenessD.Ithelpsstudentstosavemoney69.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat.A.mostfull-timestudentsdocharityontheInterneteverydayB.Everyclick.comhelpsstudentspayforthecollegeeducationC.wuggingisawin-winideaforbothstudentsandcharitiesD.Everyclick.comisthemostsuccessfulsearchengineintheUK.70.Whatwouldbethetitleforthispassage?A.wugginganewpopulattermontheInternet.B.Britishpeopleshowstronginterestincharity.C.MoreBritaincharitiesbenefitfromtheInternet.D.Studentsraisemoneyforcharitybywugging

Cellphoneshavelongbeenmorethanjusttelephones.Theycantakeandsendphotographsplaymusicevenuseadog'sbarkasaringtonE.Thedesignofcellphonesthoughhasalwaysbeenthedomainoftechnologyfreaks不正常的现象.Nowcellphonemanufacturershavebegantothinkofthemaslifestyleaccessoriestobeshownoffincafesandclubs.Nokiaforinstancehasjustlaunchedanup-marketbrandVertuwhichinpriceandmaterialsusedcanbecomparedwithanexpensivewatch.Siemenstooisexpectedtotryandtapthenewmarketforfashionablephones.Knownforitshightechnicalqualitythecompanyisstartingtofocusmoreontrendydesign.AlexanderKrugajournalistfortheGermantelecommunicationsmagazineConnectsaysThiswaswhySiemenscameupwithits'Xelibri'branD.Theyarebasicallytelephonesbutreallytheyarefashionaccessories.SiemenslaunchedfoursuchmodelsinGermanythisAprilsimplycalled123and4whichcostUS$400.OnelooksabitlikeacellphonebuttheotherslooklikeaUFOadesignerremotecontroldeviceandawatch.Motorolaisalsobringingoutdesignsthatdepartfromthenorm.Since2002ithasbeenmarketingtheV70witharounddisplayandarotating旋转的openingmechanism.Designisthepriorityfortheselifestylecellphones.TechnicalfunctionscomeseconD.A.MotorolaspokeswomansaysthattheV70comesequippedwithonlybasics.WhileSiemensadmitsthatfortheirXelibrirangeWehavenotconcentratedonparticulartechnologies.ThetargetgroupforsuchphonesisthosewhoalreadyownacellphoneandmightwantaseconD.Theyareforpeoplewhogotoaclubandwantatrendylittleapparatus装置toshowoffitsays.Aslifestylecellphonesarenotaimedatthemassmarketexpertscannotagreeiftheyhaveagreatfutureornot.KrugsaysthatwhilemostcanbeaffordedbypeoplewithagoodjobNokia'sVertuisinadifferentclass:ThatisonlyforpeoplewhowearaUS$10000watch.1.Whydothecellphonemakersbegintodevelopnewmodels?A.Tokeepupwithhightechnology.B.TobeshownoffbysomewealthypeoplE.C.Todominatethemassmarket.D.Toshowtheirhightechnicalquality.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtrendyinparagraph4mean?Itmeans________.A.latestB.valuableC.fashionableD.popular3.WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Mostpeoplethinkofcellphonesnotonlyasmeansofcommunication.B.Cellphonescanbeusedasexpensivewatches.C.NokiaSiemensandMotorolaareallpowerfulcellphonemakers.D.Allthecellusersliketowearthenewmodelcellsinpublicplaces.

安徽省马鞍山二中2009届高三第四次模拟考试C.篇ScientistssayCalifornia'sspeciallandscapesarechanginggraduallyastheworldgetswarmer.Nowwithanewgenerationofcomputermodelsthey'retryingtomakeclearwhatthosechangeswillbe:Lesssnow?Morewildfires?Feweranimals?Thenewcomputermodelsallowscientiststodividethestateintomuchsmallerregionsthaneverbefore------justthirty-sixsquaremiles.TheseregionalmodelsgivescientistsawayofdrapingclimateoverCalifornia'scomplexlandscapE.Scientistswanttounderstandhowwarmingwillaffectthestate'speopleitseconomyandthethousandsofspeciesthatonlyliveinCaliforniA.TheState'sClimateActionTeamhasorganizedameetinglastmonthinLosAngelesontheeconomiceffectsofthesetargets.Californiastartedtheonlystate-runclimateresearchprogramthreeyearsagoandisspendingabout$5millionayearonit.Thegoaloftheresearchistolimittheimpactofsuchchanges.CaliforniaispartofaninternationallyrecognizedhotspotofbiodiversitythatextendsnorthacrosstheOregonborderandsouthintoBajaCaliforniA.It'shometo4426speciesofplantsnearlyhalfofwhicharefoundnowhereelsE.WhathappensinCaliforniacouldhavebroadinfluencE.IfCaliforniawereanationitwouldbethefifth-biggesteconomyintheworldandthe12th-biggestgeneratorofgreenhousegases.Scientistsarealsolookingbeyondthegreenhouseeffect.Forinstanceurbandevelopmentwarmsclimate;citiesgiveoffmoreheatthannaturalareas.Citiesalsoabsorbmoreheatfromthesun.Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheatislandeffect.65.Thewriterintendstotellreaders.A.studiesonthefuturewildlifeinCaliforniabycomputerB.predictingthefutureeconomyofCaliforniacausedbygettingwarmerC.aprogrammetostudythefutureofCaliforniacarriedbytheCaliforniagovernmentD.researchonthefutureeffectonCaliforniacausedbygettingwarmerbyhightechnology66.Theunderlinedwordgeneratorinthe6thparagraphprobablyhasthesamemeaningas.A.producerB.destroyerC.suffererD.supporter67.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouturbanheatislandeffectphenomenaiswrong?.A.citiesabsorbmoreheatfromthesunB.citiesgiveoffmoreheatthannaturalareasC.warmingaffectsplantsandanimalsD.urbandevelopmentwarmsclimate68.Therearemorethantwothousandspeciesofplants.A.thatexistonlyinthisareaB.thatwillbeharmedbythechangingweatherC.thatwillsurviveinthisareaD.thatwilldieoutinfuture

10·江苏D.篇ImagineonedaygettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhoursandthenafterafulldayofworkgoingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere.Soundsunusualdoesn'tit?Butit'snotthatunrealisticwiththedevelopmentofChina’shigh—speedrailwaysystem.Andthat’snota11.Chinahasanevengreaterhigh—speedrailwayplan—toconnectthecountrywithSoutheastAsiaandeventuallyEasternEurope.Chinaisnegotiatingtoextenditsownhigh·-speedrailwaynetworktoupto17countriesin10to15yearseventuallyreachingLondonandSingapore.Chinahasproposedthreesuchprojects.ThefirstwouldpossiblyconnectKunmingwithSingaporeviaVietnamandMalaysia.AnothercouldstartinUrumqiandgothroughKazakhstanandUzbekistanandpossiblytoGermany.ThethirdwouldstartinthenortheastandgonorththroughRussiaandthenintoWesternEurope.IfChina’splanforthehigh-speedrailwaygoesforwardpeoplecouldzipoverfromLondontoBeilinginundertwodays.ThenewsystemwouldstillfollowChina’shigh—speedrailwaystandard.Andthetrainswouldbeabletogo346kilometersanhouralmostasfastassomeairplanes.China’sbullettrain高速客车theoneconnectingWuhantoGuangzhoualreadyhastheWorld’sfastestaveragespeed.Itcovers1069kilometersinaboutthreehours.Ofcoursetherearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome.Therearesomanyissuesthatneedtobesettledsuchassafetyrailgauge轨距maintenanceofrailwaytracks.Soit’simportanttopayattentiontoeverydetail.Butthekeyissueisreallymoney.Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion.Chinaprefersthattheothercountriespayinnaturalresourcesratherthanwithcapitalinvestment.ResourcesfromthosecountriescouldstreamintoChinatosustaindevelopment.It’11beawin-winproject.Forothercountriestherailwaynetworkwilldefinitelycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusinesstourismandsoonnottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountnes.ForChinasuchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresourcesbutwouldalsohelpdevelopChina’sfarwest.Weforeseethatinthecomingdecadesmillionsofpeoplewillmigratetothewesternregionswherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused.Withhigh-speedtrainspeoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewestonceandfora11.Andthey’11tradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries.

Thestereotype固有观念ofcomputerscientistsasnerdswhostayupallnightcodingandhavenosociallifemaybedrivingwomenawayfromthefieldaccordingtoanewstudypublishedthismonth.ThisstereotypecanbebroughttomindbasedonlyontheappearanceoftheenvironmentinaclassroomoranofficE.Whenpeoplethinkofcomputersciencetheimagethatimmediatelypopsintomanyoftheirmindsisaboutthecomputergeek怪人surroundedbysuchthingsascomputergamessciencefictionandjunkfoodsaidSapnaCheryanauniversityofWashingtonassistantprofessorofpsychologyandthestudy'sleadauthor.Thatstereotypedoesn'tappealtomanywomenwhodon'tliketheportraitofmasculinity男性化.Cheryansetupfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan250femaleandmalestudentswhowerenotstudyingcomputersciencetolookatpossiblereasonswhytheproportionofwomeninthefieldisdroppingwhiletheproportionofwomeninsuchdisciplinesasbiologymathematicsandchemistryisincreasing.InthefirstexperimentstudentsenteredasmallclassroomthateithercontainedobjectsstereotypicallyassociatedwithcomputersciencesuchasStarTrekpostersvideogameboxesandCokecansornon－stereotypicalitemssuchasnaturepostersartadictionaryandcoffeecups.Thestudentsweretoldtoignoretheseobjectsbecausetheroomwasbeingsharedwithanotherclass.Afterspendingseveralmomentsintheclassroomthestudentsfilledoutquestionnaires调查问卷thataskedabouttheirattitudetowardcomputersciencE.Womenexposedtothestereotypicalsetupexpressedlessinterestincomputersciencethanthosewhosawthenon－stereotypicalobjects.MenplacedinthesamesituationsdidnotshowasimilardropininterestincomputersciencE.Cheryansaidthisstudysuggeststhatastudent'schoiceofclassesoramajorcanbeinfluencedbytheappearanceofclassroomshallsandoffices.6.TheunderlinedwordnerdsinParagraph1probablyrefersto________.A.dullpersonsB.activepersonsC.intelligentpersonsD.funnypersons7.Womenarelesslikelytochoosecomputersciencebecause________.A.itistoodifficultforthemB.theyhavewrongunderstandingofitC.thelifestyleofcomputerscientiststurnsthemawayD.theydon'tlikethesociallifeofcomputerscientists8.A.womanwouldprobablyloseinterestincomputersciencewhensheseesa________.A.StarTrekposterB.natureposterC.dictionaryD.coffeecup9.Whatcaninfluenceawoman'schoiceofclassesaccordingtothepassage?A.ThecontentsofcomputersciencE.B.Thespaceintheclassroom.C.Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroom.D.Theclassroomenvironment.10.Accordingtotheexperimentwomenaremorelikelytochoosecomputerscienceif________.A.itismademorelivelyandinterestingB.theyareexposedtothestereotypicalsetupC.theyseethenon－stereotypicalobjectsintheclassroomD.theyareallowedtolearnitwithoutmen

2011·陕西卷D.Eversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990sgenticallymondifiedGM转基因foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesinthewordmainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwouldisitthebestsolutiorr?DespitewhatitpromiisesGMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycorp.InfactStudiesshowthatthemostcrownGMcroo.GMsoybeanshassufferedreducedproductivity.ForinstanceareportthananalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmojorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.SomethingelsehoweverhasbeenontheriseWhileGMseedsareexpensiveGMcompanicstellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides杀虫剂.OnthecontraryUSgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.ButnetheristruesaidBillChristisonPresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.AtthesametimetheauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproductionbutbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhiletheriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfoodaccordingtoa2008WorldBankreport.AsamatteroffactscientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworlD.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhungerbecausebetterwaysoutareavailableamongwhichgreenfarmingissupposedtobethefirstchoicE.57.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.【】A.byclassificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess58.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordboostinthethirdparagraphprobablymean?【】A.Control.B.EvaluateC.Obtain.D.IncreasE.59.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom______________.【】A.practicinggreenfarmingB.useoflesschemicalsC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel60.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?【】A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.DisapprovingD.Casual

06·上海B.篇Nervoussuspects嫌疑犯lockedupinBritain’snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowColouronthedoor.IftheyareclosetoconfessingacrimetheblueonthewallmighttipthebalancE.GwentPolicehaveabandonedcolourssuchasgreysandbrownsofthe20th-centurypolicecell牢房andhaveusedcolourpsychologytodecoratethem.YstradMynachstationwhichrecentlyopenedatacostof￡5millionhasfourcellswithglassdoorsforprisonerswhosufferfromclaustrophobia幽闭__症Designershavepaintedtheframesyellowwhichresearcherssayisacalmingcolour.Othercellscontainaroyalbluelinebecausepsychologistsbelievethatthecolourislikelytoencouragetruthfulness.Thestationhas31cellsincluding12withalivescansystemfordrunkenordisturbedprisonerswhichdetectstheriseandfalloftheirchest.Analarmalertsofficersifaprisoner’sbreathingstopsandcarriesonringinguntilthedoorisopeneD.Designersandpsychologistshaveworkedforyearsoncolour.Blueissaidtosuggesttrustefficiencydutylogiccoolnessthinkingandcalm.Italsosuggestscoldnessandunfriendliness.Itisthoughtthatstrongblueswillstimulateclearthoughtandlightersoftcolourswillcalmthemindandaidconcentration.Yellowislinkedwithconfidenceself-respectandfriendlinessGetthecolourwronganditcouldcausefeardepressionandanxietybuttherightyellowcanliftspiritsandself-respect.IngridCollinsapsychologistwhospecializesintheeffectsofcoloursaidthatcolourwasanenergyforceShesaid:BluedoesenhancecommunicationbutIamnotsureitwouldenhancetruthfulcommunication.YellowshesaidaffectedtheminD.RedontheotherhandshouldneverbeconsideredbecauseitcouldincreaseaggressionMrsCollinspraisedthedesignersforusingcoloursinthecellsGwentisnotthefirstBritishforcetoexperimentwithcolourtocalmdownorpersuadeprisonerstoco-operateInthe1990sStrathclydePoliceusedpinkincellsbasedonresearchcarriedoutbytheUSNavy.69.Theexpressiontipthebalanceinparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalanceB.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimesC.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourtD.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours70.WhichofthefollowingcoloursshouldNOTbeusedincellsaccordingtomepassage?A.Pink.B.YellowC.BluE.D.ReD.71.Whichofthefollowinghelpsalertofficersifsomeonestopsbreathing?A.Scanningequipment.B.Royalbluelines.C.Glassdoors.D.Yellowframes.72.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.A.therelationshipbetweencoloursandpsychologyB.acomparisonofdifferentfunctionsofcoloursC.theuseofcoloursincellstoaffectcriminals’psychologyD.scientificwaystohelpcriminalsreformthemselvesinprison

09·辽宁C.篇AvolcaniceruptioninIcelandhassentashacrossnorthernEuropE.AirlineshavestoppedorchangedtheflightsacrosstheAtlanticOceanleavinghundredsofpassengersstuckinairports.GrirmsvomisoneofthelargestandmostactivevolcanoesinEuropE.WhatmakesGrimsvomdifferentisthatitliesunderahugeglacier冰川oficeupto12matersthick.Thehotvolcanoheatsuptheiceaboveitwhichthenformsalayer层ofwaterbetweentheglacierandthevolcanoThislayerofwaterputspressureonthevolcanokeepingitstableAsthewaterflowsoutfromundertheglacierthepressurelifts.Thelava岩浆fromthevolcanothencomesuptothesurfacE.Thisisexactlywhathappenedtoday.Nowairlineshavetomakechangestotheirflightssoasnottoflythroughthecloudsofvolcanicash.AccordingtoKLM.oneofEurope’sbiggestairlinesairplanescannotgounderthecloudoroverit.Goingthroughthecloudcanresultinashgettingstuckintheairplane’senginescausingdamagetotheplanE.TheeruptionhasalsocausedproblemsforanimalsinIcelanD.Thevolcanoleftashandsharp.Glass-likerocksalloverthecountrysidE.Farmersarekeepingtheiranimalsinsidetostopthemfromeatingash-coveredgrasstothesharpobject.64.WhatmakesGrimsvomdifferentfromothervolcanoes?A.ItisbelowicE.B.ItliesundertheseaC.ItisthelargestvolcanoD.Itislavaaffectstheairlines65.WhatkeepsGrimsvotnstill?A.TheslowflowofwaterB.ThelowwatertemperatureC.ThethickglacierD.Thewaterpressure66.Whichofthefollowingistheresultofthevolcaniceruption?A.PeoplestoptravelinginEuropeB.AirlinessufferfromthelossofplanesC.ItbecomesdangerousforanimalstoeatoutsideD.Farmershavelostmanyoftheiranimals67.Thistextismostprobablytakenfrom_A.aresearchpaperB.anewspaperreportC.aclasspresentationD.ageographytextbook.

Humanactivityhasinfluencednotonlytheenvironmentweliveinbutalsosomepartsoftheworldnoonehasbeento.Increasedlevelsofcarbondioxide二氧化碳intheatmosphereproducedbyforestburningautomobilesandindustryhasledtorapidchangesinuntouchedareasofSouthAmerica'sAmazonianrainforest.ThelatestresultsofastudycarriedoutbyUSandBrazilianscientistsshowthatcarbondioxidelevelshaverisenby30percentinthelast200years.Thegasisusedinphotosynthesis光合作用theprocessbywhichorganisms生物体changesunlightintoenergy.ThehigherlevelofcarbondioxideiscausingsometreesintheAmazonianrainforesttogrowfasteranddiesooner.Asaresultcertainplantsandanimalscoulddisappear.Tropicalrainforestsarefamousforhavinglotsofspecialspecies种类saidWilliamLauranceleaderoftheresearchteam.Ifyouchangethetreetypesthenotherspeciesparticularlyanimalsthatfeedonthetreeswillchangeaswell.WithcertaintreesgrowingfasteranddyingsoonertheplantsthatliveintheirshadowsarealsothreateneD.AlexandreOliveiraanothermemberoftheresearchteamexplainedLargefastgrowingtreesarewinningattheexpenseofsmallertreesthatlivelowerdown.Theteamhasspentthelast20yearsfollowingthelifepatterns模式of14000treesspreadacrossanareaof190squarekilometers.Theyhavefoundthatthepeopleresponsibleforthedeathoftherainforestsarenotjusthuntersandthosewhocutdowntrees.Somethingasinnocent清白的asdrivingthecartotheshopsinsteadofwalkingcanalsocausedamagE.7.Whatdoesharmtoourenvironmentaccordingtothepassage?A.Dyinganimals.B.Humanactivity.C.Chemicalplants.D.Burninghouses.8.ThereasonforSouthAmerica'sAmazonianrainforesttogrowfasteranddiesooneris________.A.thatlevelsofcarbondioxidehaverisenB.thatpeopleburnplentyofrainforestsfreelyC.thatthegascanchangesunlightintoenergyD.thattropicalweatherchangesfromtimetotime9.Thepassageismostprobably________.A.governmentnewsB.awildexperimentC.ageographybookD.anexperimentalreport10.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.A.thosewhogocampinginforestsshouldn'tberesponsibleB.innocentpeopleshoulddrivecarsintorainforestsC.thosewhocutdowntreeswillbepunishedD.peoplewhocutdowntreesshouldplantmoretrees

10·山东D.篇Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerfulproblemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouriMUresearchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmallerlighterandmoreefficient.Toprovideenoughpowerweneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity密度saidJaeKwonassistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.Theradioisotope放射性同位素batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbatterypresentlythesizeandthicknessofapennyintendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystemsM/NEMS.AlthoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcernsKwonsaidtheyaresafE.Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangeroushesaidHowevernuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevicessuchaspace-makersspacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssizebutalsoinitssemiconductor半导体.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergypartoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure晶体结构ofthesolidsemiconductorKwonsaidByusingaliquidsemiconductorwebelievewecanminimizethatproblem.TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertsonchemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactorKwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuturetheyhopetoincreasethebattery’spowershrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.71.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.C.HeisworkingonanuclearenergysourcE.D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.72.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplieD.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyuseD.C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.73.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructurE.74.AccordingtoJaeKwonhisnuclearbattery_______.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentones.C.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest.75.Thetextismostprobablya________.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefictionstory

08·天津C.篇MichaelFishmaysoonbereplacedasaweatherforecasterbysomethingtrulyfishier—theshark鲨鱼.ResearchbyaBritishbiologystudentsuggeststhatsharkscouldbeusedtopredictstorms.LaurenSmith24isclosetocompletingherstudyonshark’sabilitytosensepressurE.Ifherstudiesprovethetheoryscientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather.MissSmithhadpreviouslystudiedthebehaviouroflemonsharksintheBahamas.ShethenusedtheircloserelativeslesserspotteddogfishforfurtherresearchatAberdeenUniversity.Herwork—thoughttobethefirstofitskindtotestthepressuretheory—resultedfromtheobservationthatjuvenileblacktipsharksoffFloridamovedintodeeperwateraheadofaviolentstormin2001.MissSmithsaid:I’vealwaysbeencrazyabouttravelinganddivingandthisledmetoaninterestinsharks.IwasdelightedtohavebeenabletoresearchintheareaformydegreE.Iknowthere’ssomuchmoreweneedtounderstand—butitcertainlyopensthewaytomoreresearch.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatasharksensespressureusinghaircellsinitsbalancesystem.AttheBiminiSharkLabintheBahamasMissSmithfixedhi-techsensorstosharkstorecordpressureandtemperaturewhilealsotrackingthemusingGPSGlobalPositioningSystemtechnology.InAberdeenshewasabletostudytheeffectsoftidal潮汐的andtemperaturechangesondogfish—noneofwhichwereharmeD.Shealsousedaspeciallabwhichcanmimic模拟oceanicpressurechangescausedbyweatherfronts.Sheisduetocompleteherstudyandgraduatelaterthisyear.Shesaysshewillbelookingforajobwhichwillgiveherthechancetoenrichherexperienceofsharkresearch.44.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom_____.A.ashort-storycollectionB.apopularsciencemagazineC.aresearchpaperD.apersonaldiary45.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfourparagraphsofthepassage?A.Sharksmaybeusedtopredictbadweather.B.Sharks’behaviourcanbecontrolleD.C.MichaelFishisnotqualifiedforhisjoB.D.LaurenSmithwillbecomeaweatherforecaster.46.LaurenSmithconductedherresearchby_______.A.removinghaircellsfromashark’sbalancesystemB.measuringtheairpressureofweatherfrontsC.recordingsharks’bodytemperatureD.monitoringsharks’reactiontoweatherchanges47.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.A.popularwayofforecastingweather.B.A.newresearcheffortinpredictingstorms.C.Biologists’interestinthesecretsofsharks.D.LaurenSmith’sdevotiontoscientificresearch.

08·辽宁D.篇FarfromthelandofAntarctica南极洲ahugeshelfoficemeetstheocean.AttheundersideoftheshelftherelivesasmallfishtheAntarcticcoD.Forfortyyearsscientistshavebeencuriousaboutthatfish.Howdoesitlivewheremostfishwouldfreezetodeath?Itmusthavesomesecrets.TheAntarcticisnotacomfortableplacetoworkandresearchhasbeenslow.Nowitseemswehaveananswer.Researchwasbegunbycuttingholesintheiceandcatchingthefish.Scientistsstudiedthefish’sbloodandmeasureditsfreezingpoint.Thefishweretakenfromseawaterthathadatemperatureof-1.88℃andmanytinypiecesoficefloatinginit.Thebloodofthefishdidnotbegintofreezeuntilitstemperaturewasloweredto-2.05℃.Thatsmalldifferenceisenoughforthefishtoliveatthefreezingtemperatureoftheice-saltmixturE.Thescientists’nextresearchjobwasclear:Findoutwhatinthefish’sbloodkeptitfromfreezing.Theirsearchledtosomereallystrangethingsmadeupofaprotein蛋白质neverbeforeseeninthebloodofafish.WhenitwasremovedthebloodfrozeatseawatertemperaturE.Whenitwasputbackthebloodagainhaditsantifreezequalityandaloweredfreezingpoint.Studyshowedthatitisanunusualkindofprotein.Ithasmanysmallsugarmolecules分子heldinspecialpositionswithineachbigproteinmoleculE.Becauseofitssugarcontentitiscalledaglycoprotein.SoithascometobecalledtheantifreezefishglycoproteinorAFGP.68.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheterribleconditionsintheAntarctiC.B.A.specialfishlivinginfreezingwaters.C.TheiceshelfaroundAntarcticA.D.ProtectionoftheAntarcticcoD.69.WhycantheAntarcticcodliveatthefreezingtemperature?A.Theseawaterhasatemperatureof-1.88℃.B.Itlovestoliveintheice-saltmixturE.C.A.specialproteinkeepsitfromfreezing.D.Itsbloodhasatemperaturelowerthan-2.05℃.70.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph5referto?A.A.typeofice-saltmixturE.B.A.newlyfoundprotein.C.FishblooD.D.SugarmoleculE.71.Whatdoesglyco-intheunderlinedwordglycoproteininthelastparagraphmean?A.Sugar.B.IcE.C.BlooD.D.MoleculE.

Anewstudyshowsthatlargeamountsofvitaminsandmineralscanslowthelossofsightlinkedtoaging.Theconditioniscalledage-relatedmaculardegenerationorA-M-D.ThediseaseisamajorcauseofblindnessamongoldpeoplE.Doctorsdon'tknowwhatcausesit.Thediseasedestroysthecentralpartoftheretina视网膜thecellsatthebackoftheeyethatgatherlight.ThefirstsignofA-M-Dusuallyisalossofvisualclearness.Peoplewiththediseasehavetroublereadingdrivingandrecognizingfaces.Theycan'tseeclearlythroughthecenteroftheireyes.Theymustlookatthingsfromthesidesoftheireyes.OvertimeA-M-Dcancauseblindness.TheNationalEyeInstitutecarriedoutthesix-yearstudy.Almost5000peoplein11areasoftheUSAtookpart.Theywerebetweentheagesof55and80.Someofthepeoplehadmoresevereformsofthediseasethanothers.Theresearcherstestedacombinationoflargeamountsofvitaminsandminerals.SomepeopleinthestudyweregiventhemineralzinC.OtherstookthevitaminsC.andE.A.thirdgroupreceivedboththezincandvitamins.Theremainingpeopletookinactivesubstancescalledplacebos安慰剂.Thepeopleinthestudywereinthreegroups.Basedontheseverityoftheirdiseasetheresearcherscomparedthevisionabilitiesandotherconditionsofthepatientsafter5yearsoftreatment.TheirfindingswerepublishedintheArchivesofOphthalmology眼科学.ThescientistssaythecombinationofvitaminsandzinchadnoeffectonpatientswiththeleastsevereformofA-M-D.HowevertheysaythevitaminsandzinchelpedpeoplewithmoreseriousA-M-D.ThetreatmentcuttheriskofdevelopingthemostsevereformofA-M-Dbyabout25%.ThevitaminsandzincalsopreventedsomevisionlossforthosepatientsalreadysufferingsevereA-M-D.Thepatientstak-ingzincandvitaminsseparatelyalsowerehelpedbutnotasmuchasthosetakingboth.EarlierstudieshadshownthatpeoplewhoeatlargeamountsoffruitsandvegetablescontainingimportantvitaminsareatlowerriskofdevelopingtheeyediseasE.5.ThediseaseofA-M-Dcanleadto________.A.blindnessB.visualclearnessC.visuallossD.cataract6.Accordingtowhattheytakethescientistscarriedoutastudyanddividedthosepeopleinto________.A.twogroupsB.threegroupsC.fourgroupsD.fivegroups7.Asahealthypersonweshouldeatmore________topreventthediseaseA-M-D.A.mineralandzincB.vitaminsC.vitaminandzincD.freshfruitsandvegetables

07·福建E.篇Dogswag摇摆theirtailsindifferentdirectionsdependingonwhethertheyareexcitedandwantingtomoveforwardorthreatenedandthinkingofmovingbackastudyhasfounD.ResearchersinItalyexaminedthetailwaggingbehaviourof30dogscatchingtheirresponsestoarangeofstimuli刺激物withvideocamems.Toconductthestudytheychose15maledogsand15femaleonesagedbetweenoneandsixyears.ThedogswereallfamilypetswhoseownershadallowedthemtotakepartintheexperimentatBariUmversity.Thedogswereplacedinalargewoodenboxwithanopeningatthefronttoallowforthemtoviewvariousstimuli.TheyweretestedoneatatimE.TheresearchersledbyProfessorGiorgioVallortigaraoftheUniversityofTriestefoundthatwhenthedogswereshowntheirowners—apositiveexpenence—theirtailswaggedenergeticallytotherightsidE.Whentheywereshownanunfamiliarhumantheywaggedtotherightbutwithsomewhatlessenthusiasm.Theappearsofacatagaincausedaright-handsidewagalthoughwithlessintensityagain.TheappearanceofalargeunfamiliardogsimilartoaGermanshepherdchangedthedirectionoftailwaggingtotheleft.Researcherssupposedthedogwasthinkingofmovingback.Whenthedogswerenotshownanystimulitheytendedtowagtheirtailstotheleftsuggestingtheypreferredcompany.Whilethechangesinthetailwaggingwerenoteasilynoticedwithouttheaidofvideoitwasthoughtthatthefindingscouldhelppeoplejudgethemood心情ofdogs.Computerandvideosystemsforexamplecouldbeusedbyprofessionaldogtrainerstodeterminethemoodofdogsthattheywererequiredtoapproach.71.Thevideocameraswereusedtocatchthedogs’responsesbecause.A.itwaseasiertocatchthedogs’responsechangesinthetailwaggingB.thedogswereputinthewoodenboxesandtestedoneatatimE.C.theyenabledthedogs’ownerstoknowabouttheirdogs’habitD.thedogswaggedtheirtailsindifferentdirectionswhentheywereindifferentmoods72.Theunderlinedwordintensityinthepassagemeans.A.surpriseB.worryC.excitementD.interest73.Whentherearenostimuliadogwill.A.wagtotheleftB.wagtotherightC.notwagatallD.wagtotheleftandthentotheright74.Theunderlinedwordtheyrefersto.A.thedogsB.thetrainersC.thesystemsD.therescarchers75.Thepurposeofdoingtheexperimentis.A.totraindogsfortheirownersB.tohelppeoplejudgethemoodofdogsC.tohelpdogsfindcompanyD.tohelppeoplechoosetheirpetdogs

贵州省兴义九中09-10学年高三上学期期中考试C.Fromthecoldestarcticicetothehottestdesertsyouwillfindmammalslivingandthriving兴旺.Thereseemstobenoclimatethattheycan’tadapttohoweverchangeableitmaybE.Whycanmammalsadapttosomanydifferenthabitats?Thereisagoodreasonforthis–mammalshavetheabilitytokeeptheirbodyataconstanttemperaturewhatevertheweather.Theyarewarm-bloodedMammalsachievethisbychemicallyburningtheirfoodasfuelinsidetheirbodies.Thisiskeptundertightcontrolbyaregionofthebrainthatactslikeathermostat恒温器andthismakessurethatthemammal’sbodytemperaturestaysaboutthesamE.Aconstantbodytemperatureisagreatadvantageformammalsbecauseallthechemicalprocessesthatgooninsidealivingbodyarelikelytohappenmoreslowlyatlowtemperaturesandfasterathighertemperatures.MammalscanregulatetheirtemperatureatthebestconditionforalltheseprocessesallowingthemtobeactiveatverycoldorveryhotperiodsandtokeepuptiringactivityforalongtimE.Animalssuchaslizards蜥蜴relyonmovinginandoutofthewarmsunlighttoregulatetheirbodytemperaturE.Theyslowdownwhentheycan’twarmupandmaydieiftheycan’tgetawayfromheat.Theyalsotendtooverheatquicklywhentheyareactiveastheirmusclesproducewarmth.Usingfoodenergytokeepbodytemperatureconstantisexpensiveandsincemammalsneedtobeefficientatkeepingtowarmththeycreateinsidethemselvestheyoftenhavefurandacoveroffatundertheirskintopreventheatfromescaping.Tohelploseheatwhentheyaretoohottheyhavesweatglands汗腺thattaketheheatawayfromtheskinthroughevaporating蒸发water.Thismeansthoughthattheyneedtodrinkmorethanotheranimals.64.Mammalscanadapttosomanyhabitatsbecause.A.theclimateisunchangeableB.theycanregulatetheirbodytemperatureC.theyarewarm-bloodedD.theirmusclesproducewarmth65.Whenmammalskeeptheirbodyataconstanttemperature.A.thechemicalprocesseshappenmoreslowlyintheirbodiesB.thechemicalprocesseshappenfasterintheirbodiesC.theywilluselessfuelinsidetheirbodiesD.theycanliveanactivelife66.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatmammals.A.needtodrinkmorethanotheranimalsB.havedifferentwaysofkeepingtheirbodytemperatureC.oftenhavefurandfattopreventheatfromescapingD.havesweatglandsthattaketheheatawayfromtheskin67.Thewriteranswersthequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphwith.A.storiesandexplanationB.examplesandconclusionC.evidenceandargumentD.explanationandcomparison

10·安徽B.篇Haveyoueverwondered?1.Whydoairplanestakelongertoflywestthaneast?Itcantakefivehourstogowest-eastfromNewYorkNYtoLondonbursevenhourstotraveleast-westfromLondontoNY.Thereasonforthedifferenceisanatmosphericphenomenonknownasthejet喷射stream.ThejetstreamisaveryhighaltitudewindwhichalwaysblowsfromthewesttotheeastacrosstheAtlantiC.Theplanesmovingataconstantairspeedthusgofasterinthewest-eastdirectionwhentheyaremovingwiththewindthanintheoppositedirection.2.WhatwouldhappenifthegravityonEarthwassuddenlyturnedoff?Supposingwecouldmagicallyturnoffgravity.Wouldbuildingsandotherstructures建筑物floataway?WhathappenedwoulddependonhowstronglythethingswereattachedtotheEarth.TheEarthismovingatquiteaspeedmovingatoverathousandmilesperhours.Ifyouturnsomethingaroundyourheadonastring细绳itgoesaroundinacircleuntilyouletgoofthestring.ThenitfliesoffinastraightlinE.‘Switchingoff’gravitywouldbelikelettinggoofthestring.ThingsnotattachedtotheEarthwouldflyoffinastraightlinE.Peopleinbuildingswouldsuddenlyshootupwardsatagreatspeeduntiltheyhittheceiling.MostthingsoutsidewouldflyoffintospacE.60.Whatinformationcanwegetfromthefirstpassage?A.ItisjetstreamthataffectshowfastairplanesflyB.PlanesgoslowerwhentheyaremovingwiththewindC.IttakesmoretimetoflyfromNYtoLondonthanfromLondontoNYD.TheyetstreamalwaysblowsfromtheeasttothewestacrosstheAtlantic61.Thewordshootunderlineinthe2ndpassageprobablymeansA.sendforB.movequicklyC.comeoutD.grrowquickly62.Itcanbeinferredthatwithoutgravity.A.buildingsandotherstructureswouldfloatawayB.treesandbuildingswouldnoteasilyflyoffC.somethingaroundyourheadwouldnotflyawayD.everythingoutsidebuildingswouldflyoffintospace63.WherecanwemostprobablyreadinthetextA.InareseachpaperB.InashortstoryC.InatravelmagazineD.Inastudent’sbook

ThesedaysthereareveryfewwildanimalsleftintheUK.ThewolveshavegonE.Thebearshavebeenhuntedtoextinction.Fortunatelythereareafewbadgers獾...ohwellactuallynotforlongastheBritishgovernmenthavejustdecidedtokillthemtoo!Butwhy?Badgersarefascinatingnocturnal夜晚活动的creatureslivingundergrounD.They'reextremelybravefightingofflargeranimalssuchasbearsandwolves.TheproblemisthatsomebadgerscarrybovinetuberculosisbTB—aninfectiousdiseasecausedbythebacteriumM.BoviswhichcancauseTBinsomeotheranimalsincludingcattlE.ForfarmersthisisaseriousissuebecausetheyusuallykeepalargenumberofcowstogethertoraisE.In1998intheUKalmost6000cowswerekilledtocontrolthediseasE.Andin2010morethan30000animalsweredestroyeD.BovineTBcoststheUKabout£100millionperyear.Andsomebelievethatthediseasecouldendupcostingtheeconomy£9billionoverthenext40yearsifnothingisdoneaboutit.Expertssaythatbadgersareresponsibleforabout50%OftheinfectedcattlE.Soaftermuchdebatethegovernmenthasagreedtokillbadgers.OfcoursemanyareagainstthemeasurE.Theyclaimthatkillingthebadgersincontrolledzoneswouldn'tworkbecausebadgersfromneighboringareaswouldsimplymoveinandbecomeinfectedtoo.FurthermorethenumberofcattleinonespotisusuallyverylargE.TheybelievethatthewaycattleareraisedintensivelyandtransportedaroundtolotsofdifferentfarmsduringtheirlivesisprobablythebiggestcauseofthespreadofthediseasE.60.WhydoestheUKgovernmentwanttokillbadgers?A.BecausebadgersareresponsibleforallthebTBinfectedcattlE.B.Becauseadiseaseconnectedwithbadgershascausedabigloss.C.BecausebadgersareveryeasytobecomeinfectedwithbTB.D.BecausecattleareoftenwithbadgerswhichmaycarrybTB.61.Somepeoplebelievethatkillingbadgersincertainareasdoesn'thelpbecause_______A.badgersnearbywouldoccupywherethekilledbadgersonceliveD.B.badgersareoftentransportedaroundtolotsofdifferentfarms.C.thediseasewillstillexisttherewithallthecattleinfecteD.D.thegovernmentdoesn'thaveagoodknowledgeofthediseasE.62.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.TheUKgovernmenthasdecidedtokillbadgerstocontrolthediseasE.B.VeryfewwildanimalsexistintheUKthesedaysexceptbadgers.C.A.lotofpeopleareagainstkillingbadgersforsomereasons.D.A.largesumofmoneyhasbeenspentcontrollingthediseasE.63.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph4probablymean?A.Cattleareoftenkeptseparatelytopreventdiseases.B.ManycattlearegatheredinoneareatoraisE.C.Cattleareraisedverycarefullyandattentively.

LearningEnglishisagreatchallengebutwithalittlehelpfromtechnolo-gyitcanbeaseasyasapieceofcakE.AswellastheclassroomteachersandtextbookstheInternetTVandradioprogrammescanplayanactiveroleinhelpinglearnEnglish.TheInternetisfullofrichandup-to-dateinformation.Englishlearnersmightwishtotryhttp://www.in2english.com.cn./Thiswebsiteisco-establishedbytheBritishCounciltheBBCWorldServ-iceandCentralRadioandTVUniversity.ItprovidesculturalinformationaboutBritainandhasanexampleoftheIELTSInternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystemthatstudentscanuseforpracticE.DifferentlevelsofgrammartestscanalsobefounD.MakefriendsonlineAnotherusefulwebsiteformiddleschoolstudentsandteachersiswww.21sE.com.cn.Besidesreading21stCenturySchoolEditiononlinestudentsarealsoinvitedtoputtheirviewsondifferenttopicsuponthewebsitE.Usershavetheopportunitytomakefriendswithpeoplewhosharetheirinterests.Intheteachingandlearningsectiontherearereadingandvocabularytipsforstudents.ComparedwiththeInternetTVprogrammeshavetheirownadvantages:onedoesnothavetositatacomputerandtheaudioandvisualeffectscanevenberelaxing.OnepopularEnglish-learningprogramiscalledModernEnglish.ThisfocusesonoralEnglishinpracticalsituationssuchastakingphotosandshopping.TheshortdialoguesandusefulphrasesmayhelpstudentstoexpressthemselvesiftheygoabroadormeetforeignersinChina.Morethan50TVstationsinabout300citieshaveairedtheprogram.WordtoWorldIfyouwatchBeijingTelevisionChannel8youmightseeaprogramtitledStudyAbroad.OnthisshowProfessorWangQiangfromNewOrientalSchoolhostsFromWordtoWorld.HeselectswordswithdeepculturalbackgroundandteachesusefulphrasesrelatedtothatworD.CartoonsarealsousedtoexplainhowtousethewordindailylifE.ListeningtotheradiomaynotbeanewwaytolearnEnglishbutitiseasy.ChinaRadioInternationalairsaprogramcalledStudioClassroomat6:30A.m.everyday.This25-minuteprogramisaimedatmiddleschoolstudentsandcoverssubjectsfromcurrentnewstotravelandhistoryallinsimplelanguagE.71.Thispassage______.A.introducessomenewwebsitesandTVandradioprogrammesB.focusesonadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentmediumformsC.recommendstechnologicalhelpinlearningEnglishD.aimsatadvertisingvariousEnglishcourses72.IfyouwanttoreadanEnglishnewspaperandmakecommentsondifferenttopicsyoutry_____.A.www.in2english.com.cn.B.www.21sE.com.cn.C.ModernEnglishD.StudioClassroom73.OnecanpractiseoralEnglishineverydaysituationsin_____.A.StudioClassroomB.FromWordtoWorldC.StudyAbroadD.ModernEnglish74.AccordingtotheauthoronesuperiorityofTVprogrammesovertheInternetisthatthey____.A.offermoreEnglishlearningresourcesB.costyounothingC.havebetteraudioandvisualeffectsD.haveEnglishcoursesavailablewheneveryouneedthem75.TheauthorwantsthereaderstoknowthatlearningEnglish______.A.isdifficultB.iseasyC.isneithereasynordifficultD.canbemademucheasierwithalittlehelpofmoderntechnology

08·江苏B.篇WeexperiencedifferentformsoftheSun’senergyeveryday.Wecanseeitslightandfeelitswarmth.TheSunisthemajorsourceofenergyforourplanet.Itcausestheevaporation蒸发ofwaterfromtheoceansandlakes.SunlightalsoprovidestheenergyusedbygreenplantstomaketheirownfooD.Thesegreenplantsthenprovidefoodforallorganisms生物ontheEarth.MuchoftheenergythatcomesfromtheSunneverreachestheEarth’ssurfacE.ItiseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmospherE.Oftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarth’ssurfacE.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanetcauseswatertoevaporateandprovidesenergyforthewatercycleandweather.Onlyatinypartapproximately0.023%isactuallyusedbygreenplantstoproducefooD.ManygasesfoundintheatmosphereactuallyreflectheatenergyescapingfromtheEarth’ssurfacebacktotheEarth.ThesegasesactliketheglassofagreenhouseinthattheyallowenergyfromtheSuntoenterbutpreventenergyfromleaving.Theyarethereforecalledgreenhousegases.WhensunlightstrikesanobjectsomeoftheenergyisabsorbedandsomeisreflecteD.TheamountreflecteddependsonthesurfacE.Forexampleyou’veprobablynoticedhowbrightsnowiswhensunlightfallsonit.SnowreflectsmostoftheenergyfromtheSunsoitcontributestothelowtemperaturesofwinter.Dark-colouredsurfacessuchasdarksoilorforestabsorbmoreenergyandhelpwarmthesurroundingair.59.AccordingtothepassagetherootcauseforweatherchangesontheEarthis.A.theatmospheresurroundingtheEarthB.waterfromoceansandlakesC.energyfromtheSunD.greenhousegasesinthesky60.OnlyasmallpartoftheSun’senergyreachestheEarth’ssurfacebecausemostofitis.A.absorbedbythecloudsintheloweratmosphereB.reflectedbythegasesintheupperatmosphereC.lostintheupperandloweratmosphereD.usedtoevaporatewaterfromtheoceansandlakes61.Welearnfromthepassagethat.A.alllivingthingsontheEarthdependontheSunfortheirfoodB.aforestlooksdarkinwinterbecauseitabsorbssolarenergyC.only0.023%oftheenergyfromtheSunismadeuseofontheEarthD.greenhousegasesallowheatenergytoescapefromtheEarth’ssurface

Theyearis2094.Ithasbeenannouncedthatacomet彗星isheadingtowardstheEarth.MostofitwillmissourplanetbuttwopieceswillprobablyhitthesouthernhalfoftheEarth.On17JulyapiecefourkilometerswideenterstheEarth’satmospherewithamassiveexplosion.AbouthalfofthepieceisdestroyedbuttheremainingparthitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedofsounD.TheseaboilsandahugeholeismadeintheseabeD.HugewavesarecreatedandspreadoutwardsfromtheholE.ThewallofwaterakilometerhighrushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometersanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowneD.BeforethewavesreachSouthAmericathesecondpieceofthecometlandsinArgentinA.EarthquakesandvolcanoesaresetoffintheAndesMountains.TheshockwavesmovenorthintoCaliforniaandallaroundthePacificOcean.ThecitiesofLosAngelesSanFranciscoandTokyoarecompletelydestroyedbyearthquakes.Millionsofpeopleinthesouthernhalfoftheeartharealreadydeadbutthenorthwon’tescapeforlong.Becauseoftheexplosionsthesunishiddenbycloudsofdusttemperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.CropsareruineD.Thesunwon’tbeseenagainformanyyears.WarsbreakoutascountriesfightforfooD.A.yearlaternomorethan10millionpeopleremainalivE.Coulditreallyhappen?InfactithasalreadyhappenedmorethanonceinthehistoryoftheEarth.ThedinosaurswereontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeareD.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyapieceofobjectinspacE.Thedinosaurscouldn’tlivethroughthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheydiedout.Willwemeetthesameend?326words64.Whatismainlydescribedinthepassage?A.A.historydiscovery.B.Aneventofimagination.C.A.researchonspacE.D.A.scientificadventurE.65.WhenthefirstpiecehitstheSouthAtlanticitcauses_____.A.anearthquakeB.damagestocitiesC.anEarthexplosionD.hugewaves66.Whycan’tthenorthernhalfoftheearthescapeforlong?A.Becausethelandiscoveredwithwater.B.Becausethelightandheatfromthesuncannotreachtheearth.C.Becausepeopletherecannotliveatthetemperatureofzero.D.Becausewarsbreakoutamongcountries.67.Bygivingtheexampleofdinosaurstheauthortriestoprove_____.A.animalscouldnotliveinthecoldclimateB.whathappened65millionyearsagowasaninventedstoryC.thehumanbeingswilldieoutin2094D.theEarthcouldbehitbyotherobjectsinspace

08·江西A.篇Despitethefactthatithasneverbeenseenalmosteveryoneisfamiliarwiththelegendaryunicorn独角兽.Descriptionsofunicornshavebeenfounddatingfromancienttimes.ThegreatphilosopherAristotletheorizedthatthereweretwotypesofunicorn—theso-calledIndianAssandtheOryxakindofantelope.Unicornsareoftenusedinthelogoofanoblefamilytowncounciloruniversityastheirspecialsign.EvenScotlandisrepresentedbyaunicorn.Accordingtothelegendanyoneattemptingtocatchaunicornhadtobeextremelycautiousasithasareputationforbeingveryfierce.Aclevertricksuggestedbyunicorn-trappersinordertocatchthismagnificentbeastwithoutbeinghurtbyitshornwasforthehuntertostandinfrontofatreeandthentomovequicklybehinditastheunicorncharged.Hopefullythecreaturecouldthenbecapturedwhenitshornwasstuckinthetree.Whenhollowedoutandusedasadrinking-cuptheunicorn’shornwassaidtohavethepowertoofferprotectionagainstpoison.Itwasbelievedthatnobodycouldbeharmedbydrinkingthecontentsofaunicorn’shorn.RightupuntiltheFrenchRevolutionin1789theFrenchcourtwassaidtohaveusedcupsmadeofunicornhorninordertoprotecttheking.Inadditionthehornwassaidtohavemedicinalvaluesomuchsothatitcouldbesoldformorethantentimesthepriceofthesameweightofgold.Whatthenwasunicornhorn?Weknowattimestherhino犀牛wasconfusedwiththislegendarycreature.Adrinking-cupsupposedlymadeofunicornhornwasdiscoveredtobemadeofthehornofarhino.56.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheunicorn?A.ItwasnothistoricallyrecordeD.B.ItshornwasfirstusedinFrancE.C.ItwassimilartotheIndianAssandtheOryx.D.Itcouldbethesymbolofauniversity.57.Tocatchaunicorntheunicorn-trappershadtotryallofthefollowingEXCEPT____.A.temptingtheunicorntoattackB.makinguseofthetreeasaprotectionC.hidingquicklybehindtheunicornD.havingtheunicornhornstuckinthetree58.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout____.A.thepropertiesoftheunicornhornB.theusersoftheunicornhornC.thepriceoftheunicornhornD.thecomparisonbetweentheunicornhornandtherhinohorn59.Inthelastparagraphthewordunicornisinquotationmarks引号because_____.A.thecupisdesignedonlyforaroyalfamilyB.theunicorndoesnotexistinrealityC.theunicornistherarestanimalintheworldD.themedicinalvalueofthehornisappreciated

AboutfivestatesinNigeriawillexperienceatotaleclipse日蚀ofthesunonMarch292006accordingtoaforecastbytheMinistryofScienceandTechnologythisweek.Aneclipseoccursinoneoftwoways:whenthemoonpassesbetweentheearthandthesunsothatallorpartofthesuncannotbeseenforatimeorwhentheearthpassesbetweenthemoonandthesunsothatyoucannotseeallorpartofthemoonforatimE.Thefirstcaseisasolareclipseoreclipseofthesunwhichoccursastheearthenterstheshadowofthemoon.Theseconddescribesalunareclipseoreclipseofthemoonwhichhappenswhenthemoonenterstheshadowoftheearth.Morethan60percentofNigeriansareuneducatedandeclipsesinsomepartsofthecountryinthepasthavecausedcommotionsinwhichpeoplehavebeenkilledandpropertydestroyeD.SomeNigeriansbelieveaneclipseispunishmentfromthegodsforevildoing.TheMarch29theclipsewouldbethefifthinNigeria’shistoryanditisexpectedtolastfor30minutes--9:15AMto9:45AMaccordingtotheofficialprediction.Nigeriawitnessedeclipsesin189819471959and2001.TheshadowsinaneclipsehaveacentraldarkpartcalledumbraandalessdarkexternalsectioncalledpenumbrA.Intheumbraallthesun’slightiscutoffandthisiscalledtotaleclipse;whileinthepenumbraonlyapartofthelightfromthesuniscutofffromthemoonanditiscalledpartialeclipsE.FiveNigerianstates--OyoKwaraNigerZamfaraandKatsina--areexpectedtohavetotaleclipsewhileotherpartsofthecountrywillexperiencepartialeclipsE.43.Thispassageismainlywrittento________.A.predictaeclipseofthesuninNigeriaB.compareaeclipseofthesunwithaeclipseofthemoonC.provideinformationonacomingeclipseofthesuninNigeriaD.showthatpeopleinNigeriareceivelittleeducation44.Ifthispassageistakenfromanewspaperwhichsectionisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.Entertainment.B.Economy.C.Education.D.SciencE.45.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.WhatIsanEclipseB.HowFoolishPeopleinNigeriaAreC.NigeriaExpectsSolarEclipseD.SolarEclipseHappensonMarch292006

Thefutureofagriculturemustachieveseveralgoalsatthesametime.Firstitnowappearsthatwewillhavetodoubleworldfoodproductioninthenext40yearsduetopopulationgrowthincreasingmeatconsumptionandpressurefrombiofuels生物燃料.Wewillalsohavetoreducetheenvironmentalimpactsfromourfarmingpracticeswhichhavecausedwidespreaddamagetosoilsecosystemswatersandeventheatmosphere.Infactagriculture’simpactsareasbadasclimatechangeasanenvironmentalconcern.Besideswewillhavetoimprovefoodsecurityfortheworld’spoor.WhiletheGreenRevolutionofthe1960smadeitpossibletofeedhundredsofmillionsmorepeoplethaninearliererasthenumberoftheunder-nourishedintheworldhasstartedtoriseagain.Finallywewillhavetoincreasetherecoveringabilityofagriculturefromshocks.Todayourhigh-efficiencyglobalizedworldhasmanybenefitsbutitisvulnerable易受伤的todestructionwhetherfromdroughtsdiseasesorsuddenpricerises.Wemuststartbuildingbetterfoodsystemstobetterkeepusawayfromfutureshocks.Currentlytherearetwomodelsofagriculture:localandorganicagriculturevs.globalizedandindustrializedagriculture.Eachhasbeenstronglysupportedandseverelycriticizedbutneitherofthesemodelsstandingalonecanfullymeetourneeds.Organicagricultureteachesusimportantlessonsaboutsoilsnutritionandpestmanagement.Unfortunatelyorganicfoodprovideslessthan1%oftheworld’scaloriesmostlytothewealthy.Itishardtoimagineorganicfarmingdevelopingtofeed9billion.Globalizedandindustrializedagriculturehasbenefitsofhighoutputandlowlabordemands.Withoutitbillionsofpeoplewouldhavestarved.Howeverithascomewithenormousenvironmentalandsocialcostswhichcannotbesustained.Ratherthanvotingforjustonesolutionweneedathirdwaytosolvethecrisis.Let’stakeideasfrombothsidescreatingnewhybridsolutionsthatincreaseproductionsaveresourcesandbuildamoresustainableagriculture.Therearemanypromisingavenuestopursue.A.newthirdwayforagricultureisnotonlypossiblebutalsonecessary.Ourproblemsarehugeandtheywillrequireeveryoneatthetableworkingtogethertowardsolutions.67.Howmanygoalsofagriculturearementionedinthepassage?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six68.Whichistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Organicagriculturecanfeedmostpeopleintheworldnow.B.Industrializedagriculturedoesnoharmtoourenvironment.C.Modernfarmingiscriticizedwhileorganicfarmingisnot.D.Thefutureagriculturecan’tonlydependonorganicagriculture.69.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_______.A.everyonecanaffordtoenjoyorganicfoodatwillB.wewillvotetodecidewhichfarmingsystemtotakeC.thewriterisquiteoptimisticaboutfutureagricultureD.onlyexpertscanfindabetteragriculturalsolution70.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.OrganicAgricultureVs.IndustrializedAgriculture.B.TheGoalsofFutureAgricultureandItsWayOut.C.A.ThirdPossibleandNecessaryWayforAgriculture.D.ModernGlobalizedandIndustrializedAgriculture.

MostBritishtelephonecardsarejustplaingreenbutcardcollectingisbecomingapopularhobbyinBritainandcollectorsevenhavetheirownmagazineInternationalTelephoneCards.Onereasonfortheirinterestisthatcardsfromaroundtheworldcomeinawidevarietyofdifferentandoftenveryattractivedesigns.Thereare100000differentcardsinJapanaloneandthereyoucanputyourowndesignontoablankcardsimplybyusingaphotographorabusinesscarD.Thefirsttelephonecardsproducedin1976wereItalian.FiveyearslaterthefirstBritishcardappearedandnowyoucanbuycardsinmorethanahundredcountries.PeopleusuallystartcollectingcardsbecausetheyareattractivesmallandlightandtheydonotneedmuchspacE.Itisalsoacheaphobbyforbeginnersalthoughforsomepeopleitbecomesaseriousbusiness.InParisforexamplethereisamarketwhereyoucanbuyonlytelephonecardsandsomeFrenchcardscostupto4000pounds.ThefirstJapanesecardhasavalueofabout28000pounds.Mostpeopleonlyseecardswithpricesliketheseintheircollectors’magazinE.56.Thepassageismainlyabout___A.thehistoryofphonecardsB.phonecardcollectingasahobbyC.reasonsforphonecardcollectingD.thegreatvarietyofphonecards.57.Themainreasonformostpeopletocollectphonecardsisthat___A.theyfindthecardsbeautifulandeasytokeepB.theyliketohavesomethingfromdifferentcountriesC.theywanttomakemoneywithcardsD.theythinkthecardsareconvenienttouse58.ThewritermentionsamarketinParisinordertoshowthat___A.cardcollectingispopularamongyoungpeopleB.FrenchandJapanesecardsarethemostvaluableC.peoplecanmakemoneyoutofcardcollectingD.cardcollectors’magazinesareveryuseful

09·福建D.篇FindWhichDirectionIsSouthDoyouhaveagoodsenseofdirection?Ifnotpleasetakewithyouacompass.Butifyouforgettotakeacompassyoucanstillfindyourway.It’sneveragoodideatoimaginethatthefamilymemberwhowasentrusted委托withthejobofmap-readingactuallyknowswherethefamilyis.Youcantellbytheslightlyconfusedloadontheirfacesthatnothingonthegroundseemstomatchthemap.NeverminD.Theshuisshiningandit’sstillmorning.Ifyoudon’tknowtheexacttimeyoucanstillfindoutwheresouthisbutyou’llneedtobepatient.①Findastraightsickandputitinthegroundinaplacewhereyoucanmarkitsshadow.②Trytopositionthestickasvertically垂直asyoucan.Youcancheckthisbymakingasimpleplumbline铅锤线withapieceofstringandweight.Youhaven’tgotanystring?OKuseathreadfromyourclotheswithabuttontiedattheendtoactasaweight.③Marktheendoftheshadowcastbythestick.④Waitapproximatelyhalfanhourandmarktheendoftheshadowagain.⑤Keepdoingthisuntilyouhavemadeseveralmarks.⑥Themarknearestthestickwillrepresenttheshortestshadowwhichiscastatmiddaywhenthesunishighestintheskyandpointingtotheexactsouth.⑦Pickapointinthedistancealongthelinebetweentheshortestshadowandthestick.⑧ThatpointissouthofwhereyouarE.⑨Nowyoucanturnthemaplikeyoudidbeforeandfindwhichwayyoushouldbetravelling.68.TofindthedirectionweoughttobepatientprobablybecauseA.itisnoteasytofindaproperstickB.itisnoteasytopositionthestickC.ittakeshourstomakethemarksD.ittakesabouthalfanhourtomakethemarks69.Thepassagewouldprobablybemosthelpfulto.A.thosewhodrawmapsB.thosewhogetlostC.thosewhomakecompassesD.thosewhodoexperiments70.Whichofthefollowingpicturesbestshowsthewayoffindingthedirectionofsouth?71.Theauthorpresentsthispassageby.A.tellinganinterestingstoryB.describinganactivityinalivelywayC.testinganideabyreasoningD.introducingapracticalmethod

Predictingwhenanearthquakeorvolcaniceruptionwilltakeplaceisextremelydifficultevenwiththeadvancedtechnologicalequipmentavailabletomodernscientists.Therearesomepeoplehoweverwhobelievetheycansensewhenamajorgeological地质学上的eventiscoming.Theyclaimtobeearthquakesensitive.Sensitivitytotheearth'smovementsaccordingtothosewhosaytheyhaveitisrevealedindifferentways.Somesaytheyareunusuallyclumsyandkeepdroppingthingsandhavingsmallaccidentsjustbeforeabigevent.Otherssuddenlyhaveastrongdesiretoeatpopcornanddon'tknowwhy.Thoughitmaysoundcrazytheysayittellsthemthatabigearthquakeislessthan24hoursaway.ThemostcommonsignofanapproachingdisasteramongearthquakesensitivepeopleissaidtobeabadheadachE.ArguablythefirstpersontoconnectherownheadachestocominggeologicaleventswasanAmericanwomancalledCharlotteKing.ShebecamefamousforherpredictionoftheeruptionofWashington'sMr.St.HelensonMay181980whenshewasaccuratetowithin12minutesoftheactualevent.Kingwastestedbydoctorsandscientistsandfoundtopossessunusualhearingabilities.Shecouldhearsoundsinfrequenciesthatmosthumanbeingscannotandclaimedtohavebeenhearingsuchsoundssince1976.Threeyearslatershenoticedthatwhenthesoundschangedinpitchorrhythmgivingherunpleasantheadachesalargeearthquakewouldbereportedwithin72hours.66.Itisstatedinthefirstparagraphthattheremaybe________.A.peoplewhoareabletodetectearthquakeactivityB.peoplewhoaredevelopingnewmethodsofpreventingearthquakesC.newmachinestohelpearthquakesensitivepeoplemakepredictionsD.newmachinesthatwillsoonbeabletoaccuratelypredictearthquakes67.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.CharlotteKingB.A.magicalabilityC.HumanvsMachineD.Earthquakeandvolcaniceruption68.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasignofanapproachingearthquake?A.A.veryloudnoisE.B.A.painfulheadachE.C.Anurgetoeatpopcorn.D.A.tendencytodropthings.69.CharlotteKingbecamewellknownbecauseshe________.A.timedanearthquaketowithin12minutesB.correctlypredictedabigvolcaniceruptionC.canmakesoundsotherpeoplecannothearD.issmarterthanmanydoctorsandscientists70.WhatenablesCharlotteKingtopredictageologicalevent?A.TheheadachE.B.ThefrequencyofasounD.C.Herspecialhearingability.D.ThepitchorrhythmofasounD.

BecauseplantscannotmoveortalkmostpeoplebelievethattheyhavenofeelingsandthattheycannotreceivesignalsfromoutsidE.HoweverthismaynotbecompletelytruE.Peoplewhostudiedplantshavefoundoutthatplantscarryasmallelectricalcharge电荷.Itispossibletomeasurethischargewithasmallpieceofequipmentcalledgalvanometer检流计.Thegalvanometerisplacedonaleafoftheplantanditrecordssomechangesintheelectricalfieldoftheleaf.HumanshaveasimilarfieldwhichcanchangewhenweareshockedorfrighteneD.AmancalledBacksterusedagalvanometerforhisstudiesofplantsandwasverysurprisedathisresults.Hefoundthatifhehadtwoormoreplantsinaroomandhebegantodestroyoneofthem-perhapsbypullingoffitsleavesorbypullingitoutofitspotthenthegalvanometerontheleavesoftheotherplantsshowedachangeintheelectricalfielD.Itseemedasiftheplantsweresignallingafeelingofshock.ThishappenednotonlywhenBacksterstartedtodestroyplantsbutalsowhenhedestroyedotherlivingthingssuchasinsects.AnotherscientistnamedSauvinachievedsimilarresultstoBackster's.Hekeptgalvanometersfixedtohisplantsallthetimeandcheckedregularlytoseewhattheplantsweredoing.Ifhewasoutoftheofficehetelephonedtofindoutaboutthesignalstheplantsweresending.Inthiswayhefoundthattheplantsweresendingoutsignalsattheexacttimeswhenhefeltstrongpleasureorpain.InfactSauvincouldcauseachangeintheelectricalfieldofhisplantsoveradistanceofafewmilessimplybythinkingaboutthem.72.Backsterwassurprisedattheresultsofhisstudiesbecause________.A.hedestroyedaninsectB.hedestroyedaplantbypullingoffitsleavesC.hefoundthatplantscouldexpressfeelingsofshockD.hefoundthatplantscouldmoveandspeak73.Theplantssentoutsignals________.A.onlywhenBacksterstartedtodestroyplantsB.whenBacksterdestroyedplantsorotherlivingthingsC.onlywhenBacksterdestroyedinsectsD.onlywhenBacksterplacedthegalvanometerontheinsects74.ThescientistcalledSauvin________.A.didnotagreewithBackster'sideasB.didnotgetthesamesortofresultsasBacksterdidC.gotdifferentresultsfromBackster'sD.foundoutsomeofthesamethingsthatBacksterdid75.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Plantsdon'tcarrytheelectricalchargE.B.A.treewillsignalwhenithasbeencutdown.C.Sauvincouldmakehisplantssendoutsignalssomedistanceaway.D.PlantshavenofeelingsbecausetheyhavenolifE.

MostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofadifferentkindunlesstheyhuntthemforfooD.Sometimeshowevertwokindsofanimalscometogetherinapartnershipwhichdoesgoodtobothofthem.Youmayhavenoticedsomebirdssittingonthebacksofsheep.Thisisnotbecausetheywantaridebutbecausetheyfindeasyfoodintheparasites寄生虫onsheep.Thesheepallowthebirdstodosobecausetheyremovethecauseofdiscomfort.Soalthoughtheycanmanagewithouteachothertheydobettertogether.Sometimesananimalhasaplantpartner.Thisrelationshipdevelopsuntilthetwopartnerscannotmanagewithouteachother.Thisissointhecoral珊瑚oftheseA.IntheirskinstheyhavetinyplantswhichactasdustmentakingsomeofthewasteproductsfromthecoralandgivinginreturnoxygenwhichtheanimalneedstobreathE.IftheplantsarekilledorareevenpreventedfromlightsothattheycannotlivenormallythecoralswilldiE.49.Somebirdsliketositonasheepbecause.A.theycaneatitsparasitesB.theydependonthesheepforexistenceC.theyenjoytravellingwiththesheepD.theyfindthepositionmostcomfortablE.50.Theunderlinedwordtheyinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto.A.birdsandparasitesB.birdsandsheepC.parasitesandsheepD.sheepbirdsandparasites51.Itcanbelearntfromthetextthatthecoraldependsontheplantfor.A.comfortB.lightC.foodD.oxygen52.Whichisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.BirdsandSheepB.BirdsSheepandParasitesC.A.PartnershipD.Coralsliveonplants

【2011·江苏金坛一中模拟】D.Theglobalenergycrisisisapproaching.Whatcanwedo?HerearesomestepsyoucantakE.Coolingputsthegreateststressonyoursummerenergybillandthepowergrid电网.Justasatune-upforyourcarcanimproveyourgasmileageayearlytune-upyourheatingandcoolingsystemcanimproveefficiencyandcomfort.CleanorreplacefiltersmonthlyorasneedeD.ForcentralairconditioningsystemsandroomsirconditionerslookfortheENERGYSTARthefederalgovernment’ssymbolforenergyefficiency.ForcentralairpurchasethesystemwiththehighestpossibleSeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatioSEER.Useenergy-efficientceilingfanseitheraloneorwithairconditioningCeilingfansdoagreatjobofcirculatingair.Whenusedwithairconditioningfansallowyoutoraisethethermostat恒温器andcutcosts.Ceilingfanscoolpeoplenotroomssobeforeyouleaveturnofftheceilingfan.Letaprogrammablethermostatrememberforyoutoautomaticallyadjusttheindoorclimatewithyourdailyandweekendpatternstoreducecoolingbillsbyupto10percent.Youcancomehometoacomfortablehousewithoutwastingenergyandcrestingpollutionalldaywhileyouareatwork.Trytomakeyourhomeairtightenoughtoincreaseyourcomfortmakeyourhomequieterandcleanerandreduceyourcoolingcostsupto20percent.Cutyourairconditioningloadandreducepollutionbyplantingleafytreesaroundyourhomeandfixingreflectivebricksonyourroof.Closeblindsorshadesonsouth-andwest-facingwindowsduringthedayorfixshadingequipmenttoavoidbeatbuild-up.Turnoffeverythingnotinuse:lightsTVscomputers.Andusefluorescentbulbs荧光灯whichprovidebrightwarmlightwhileusingatleasttwo-thirdslessenergyproducing70percentJessbeatandlastingupto10timeslongerthanincandescentbulbs白炽灯.DrivethecarthatgetsbettergasmileagewheneverpossibleifyouownmorethanonevehiclE.Ifyoudrive12500milesayearswitching10percentofyourtripsfromacarthatgets20milespergallontoonethatgets30mpgwillsaveyoumorethan$65peryear.Carpool.TheaverageU.S.commutes乘车上班族couldsaveabout$260ayearbysharingcarstwiceaWeekwithtwootherpeopleinacarthatgets20.1mpg—assumingthethreepassengerssharethecostofgas.68.Accordingtothepassagethethermostatisusedto.A.makeroomsquieterB.controlroomtemperatureC.turnofftheairconditionerD.reduceroomairpollution69.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthorprobablydiscourages.A.plantingleafytreesaroundyourhomeB.turningofftheceilingfanbeforeyouleaveyourhouseC.keepingyoursouth-facingwindowsopenduringthedayD.usingfluorescentbulbsinsteadofincandescentbulbs70.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.energy-savingtipsB.fuel-savingtipsC.doityourselftipsD.environment-protecting

Achemicalimportantofbraindevelopmentmayplayaroleinexplainingwhysomepeoplearegenetically由基因决定地likelytosufferfromanxietyandcouldleadtonewtreatmentsU..S.researcherssaiD.Theysaidhighlyanxiousratswhichwerekepthadverylowlevelsofabrainchemicalcalledfibroblastgrowthfactor2orFGF2comparedwithratsthatweremorerelaxeD.Butwhentheyimprovedtheanxiousrats'livingconditions—givingthemnewtoystoexploreandabiggercagetolivein—levelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedandtheybecamelessanxious.Thelevelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedinresponsetotheexperiencesthattheratswereexposedto.Italsodecreasedtheiranxiety.JavierPerezoftheUniversityofMichigansaidinatelephoneinterview.ItmadethembehavethesamewayastheratsthatwererelaxedhesaiD.InaformerstudyofpeoplewhowereseverelydepressedbeforetheydiedtheteamfoundthegenethatmakesFGF2wasproducingverylowlevelsofthegrowthfactorwhichisknownprimarilyfororganizingthebrainduringdevelopmentandrepairingitafterinjury.Perezthinksthebrainchemicalmaybeamarkerforgeneticvulnerability脆弱性toanxietyanddepression.Butitcanalsorespondtochangesintheenvironmentinapositivewaypossiblybypreservingnewbraincells.Whileboththecalmandanxiousratsproducedthesamenumberofnewbraincellsthesecellswerelesslikelytosurviveinthehigh－anxietyratstheteamfounD.GivingtheratsbetterlivingconditionsorinjectingthemwithFGF2helpedimprovecellsurvival.Thisdiscoverymaypavethewayfornewmorespecifictreatmentsforanxietythatwillnotbebasedonsedation药物镇静butwillinsteadfighttherealcauseofthediseaseDr.PierVincenzoPiazzafromFrancesaidinastatement.6.WeknowfromthepassagethatwiththelevelsofFGF2decreasingtheratswill________.A.dieofanxietysoonB.sufferfromaheadacheC.becomemorerelaxedD.becomemoreanxious7.What'sthebetterwaytoincreasethelevelsofFGF2?A.Introducingmorecompanionstotheanxiousrats.B.Improvingthelivingconditionsoftheanxiousrats.C.InjectingtheanxiousratswithsomespecialmedicinE.D.Givingtheanxiousratsmoretimetorelax.8.TheunderlinedworditinParagraph4refersto________.A.theteamB.thegeneC.thegrowthfactorD.thebrain9.What'sthemaininfluenceofthenewdiscovery?A.Doctorswon'tuseanymedicinetocureanxiety.B.Doctorsmaytreatanxietymoreefficiently.C.Doctorswillfindtherealcauseofanxiety.D.Doctorsmayfindnewmedicineforanxiety.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AnxiousratsandrelaxedratsB.Anxiety—aseriousmentaldiseaseC.ScientificresearchintothebrainisimportantD.Brainchemicalmayplaykeyroleinanxiety

Youmightnotknowitbutthereissomethingwonderfulatyourfingertips.Youcanmakepeoplehappierhealthierandmorehard-workingjustbytouchingtheirarmsorholdingtheirhands.Doctorssaythatbodycontact接触isakindofmedicinethatcanworkwonders.Whenpeoplearetouchedthequantityofhemoglobin血红蛋白--atypeofmatterthatproducestheredcolorinbloodincreasesgreatly.Thisresultsinmoreoxygen氧气reachingeverypartofthebodyandthewholebodybenefits.Inexperimentsbottle-fedbabymonkeyswereseparatedfromtheirmothersforthefirsttendaysoflifE.TheybecamesadandnegativE.Studiesshowedthemonkeysweremoreprobabletobecomeillthanotherbabiesthatwereallowedtostaywiththeirmothers.Humanbabiesreact反应inmuchthesameway.Someyearsagoascientistnoticedthatsomewell-fedbabiesinacleannursery托儿所becameweak.Yetbabiesinanothernurseryweregrowinghealthilyeventhoughtheyatelesswellandwerenotkeptasclean.Thereasonheconcludedwasthattheyoftenhadtouchesfromnurses.ExperimentsshowthatmostpeoplelikebeingtoucheD.Andnearlyalldoctorsbelievetouchhelpstoreducepatients'fearoftreatment.OfcoursethereistimewhenatouchisnotwelcomE.Butevenifwedon’tlikebeingtouchedasmilecanmakeusfeelbetter.Smilingincreasesbloodflowandstartstheproductionofhappybrainchemicals.Solet’shaveabigsmileanddon’tforgettokeepintouch.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Everyoneknowsthatbodycontactcanmakepeoplehappier.B.Peoplemayworkharderbecauseofbodycontact.C.Yourfingertipscandosomethingwonderful.D.Peoplemaynotunderstandtheimportanceoftouching.45.Accordingtothepassage______.A.humanbrainsneedoxygenandbloodsupplynowandthenB.touchesfromdoctorsandnurseshavenothingtodowithtreatmentC.new-bornbabymonkeysshouldstayawayfromtheirmothersD.notallthepeoplelikebeingtouched46.Thewordbenefitsinthesecondparagraphprobablymeans______.A.tobeusefulorhelpfulB.togetsomethingusefulorhelpfulC.tobeillD.tobehurt47.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.WhyPeopleTouchB.SmileandTouchC.WondersofTouchD.TouchorNot

ECO-friendlytechnologywasthehottesttrendatthe39thTokyoMotorShowwhichopenedlastFriday.About240carmanufacturersfrom13countriespresentednewmodels.Mostwerepoweredbyhybrid混合的fuelcell燃料电池andelectricalsystems.Carmakersarechampioningmoreenvironmentallymodelsamidincreasingoilpricesandenvironmentalconcerns.It’snowcarmakers’socialresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironmentsaidMazdapresidentHisakazuImaki.Seventy-ninecarsandmotorcyclesarebeingpresentedtothepublicforthefirsttimeaccordingtotheJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation.Theorganizingassociationsaidthebiennial两年一次的showduetoendonNovember6wassuretohavealargeimpactontheautomobileindustry.Manufacturersarecurrentlycompetingintheshiftfromgasoline-runenginestohybridfuelcellorelectricity-poweredsystems.Mazdahasanewsportsvehiclewhichrunsonahybridelectric-petrolsystem.Itisalsoshowingagasoline-hydrogenrunsportscar.AmemberoftheFordfamilyMazdaplanstomarketahybridversionoftheTributesportutilityvehicleSUVnextspringandenhanceitsco-operationwithFordinhybridsystemsdevelopment.Honda’sfuelcellsedan轿车onshowusesahydrogen-oxygenfuel.Thesystemonlysendswateroutitsexhaust尾气abettersolutionfortheenvironmentandlesspollutingthanhybrids.53.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewCarTrendB.TokyoMotorShowC.Eye-catchingCarsonShowD.TokyoShowsEcoCars54.Atpresentcarsaregenerallypoweredby____.A.electricityB.fuelcellC.gasolineorpetrolD.solarcell55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Carmakersaretryingtodevelopenvironmentallyfriendlycars.B.Theautomobileindustrywillbecertainlyinfluencedbytheshow.C.Hondaisshowingitssedanpoweredbyspecialwaterwhichcauseslesspollution.D.MazdawillcooperatewithFordtodevelophybrid-poweredcars.

07·四川D.篇SorrytosayourbrainsnaturallystartslowingdownattheCrueltyyoungageof30.Itusedtobethoughtthatthiscouldn'tbehelpedbutnewstudiesshowthatpeopleofanyagecantraintheirbrainstoworkfaster.YourbrainisalearningmachinesaysUniversityofCaliforniascientistDr.MichaelMerzenich.Giventherighttoolswecantrainourbrainstoactliketheydidwhenwewereyounger.Allthat'srequiredisthepracticedesignedjustforthepurpose:afewexercisesfortheminD.Merzenichhasdevelopedacomputer-basedtrainingmethodtospeeduptheprocess过程inwhichthebraindealswithinformationpositsciencE.com.SincemuchofthedatawereceivecomesthroughspeechtheBrainFitnessProgramworkswithlanguageandhearingtobetterspeedandaccuracy准确性.Overthecourseoftrainingtheprogramstartsaskingyoutodistinguish辨别soundsbetweendogandbogforexampleatanincreasinglyfasterspeeD.It'sabitliketennisinstructorsaysMerzenichhittingballsatyou~fasterandfastertokeepyouchallenged受到挑战.Youmaystartoutslowbutbeforelongyou'reprettyquick.ThebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastiC.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearnitwilllearn.Anditmayevenspeedupwhileintheprocess.Tokeepyourbrainyoungandplasticyoucandooneofamillionnewactivitiesthatchallengeandexciteyou:playingtabletennisorbridgedoingcrosswordpuzzleslearningalanguagE.Whenitcomestopreventingageingyoureallydo'useitorloseit'saysBarbaraSahakianprofessoratCambridgeUniversity.67.Dr.Merzenich’strainingmethodmainlydependson________.A.speechtrainingB.computerlanguagesC.theactivitiesonejoinsinD.theinformationbeingdealtwith68.Bysayingthebrainatanyageishighlyplasticthewriterprobablymeansthebraincanbe______.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched69.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.PracticemakesaquickminD.B.Brainresearchstartedtenyearsago.C.Dr.MerzenichisascientistincomputerD.Peoplebelievednothingcouldstopthebrainslowingdown.70.Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththewriter'sidea?A.ThetrainingmethodsworkbetterfortheolD.B.Peopleshouldusethebraintostopitfromageing.C.ThetrainingofthebrainshouldstartatanearlyagE.D.It'snecessarytotakepartinasmanyactivitiesaspossiblE.

EatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonEarth.Thefoodthatastronautscarrywiththemdoesnotlooklikethefoodyoueat.Somefoodiscarriedinclosedbags.Itiscookedandfrozenbeforetheastronautsgetit.AllthewaterisremovedfromthefooD.Inthespaceshiptheastronautputsthewaterback.Heshootshotorcoldwaterintothefoodbagwithaspecial特别的gun.Heeatsthefoodthroughasmallholeinthebag.Otherfoodscomeinbite一口sizes.TheastronautputsawholepieceinhismouthatoncE.Therecanbenocrumbs碎屑.Crumbswouldfloataroundthespaceshipandgetintheway.Meatandcakeoftencomeinbite-sizepieces.Astronautscannotdrinkwaterfromopencups.Thewaterwouldfloatindropsintotheair.Thewaterisputinthespecialgun.Theastronautshootsthewaterintohismouth.Eatinginspaceisnoteasy.Astron-autsmustlearntoeatthisway.10.Somespacefoodsarecarriedin_______.A.watergunsB.lunchboxesC.closedbagsD.crumbs11.Whycan'tastronautsdrinkwaterfromopencups?A.Becausethewaterwouldfloatoutfromtheopencups.B.BecausethewaterwouldspillalloverthefooD.C.Becausecrumbswouldfloatinthecups.D.Becausethecupswouldfloatintheair.12.Themainideaofthewholestoryisthat_______.A.thereismorefoodandwaterinspacethanonearthB.eatinganddrinkinginspaceisaspecialproblemC.astronautscannevereatordrinkinaspaceshipD.thereisnoexpensivefoodorwaterinaspaceship

山东省兖州市2009届高三高考仿真考试B.篇Anewstudysuggeststhatthemoreteenagerswatchtelevisionthemorelikelytheyaretodevelopdepression沮丧抑郁asyoungadults.Theresearchersusedanationallong-termsurveyofadolescenthealthtoinvestigate调查therelationshipbetweenmediauseanddepression.Theybasedtheirfindingsonmorethanfourthousandadolescentswhowerenotdepressedwhenthesurveybeganin2000.Aspartofthesurveytheyoungpeoplewereaskedhowmanyhoursoftelevisionorvideostheywatcheddaily.Theywerealsoaskedhowoftentheyplayedcomputergamesandlistenedtotheradio.Mediausetotaledanaverageoffiveandone-halfhoursaday.MorethantwohoursofthatwasspentwatchingTV.Sevenyearslaterin2007morethansevenpercentoftheyoungpeoplehadsignsofdepression.Theaverageageatthattimewastwenty-onE.TheresearcherssaytheydidnotfindanysuchrelationshipwiththeuseofothermediasuchasmoviesvideogamesorradioetC.Butthestudydidfindthateveryextrahouroftelevisionmeantaneightpercentincreaseinthechancesofdevelopingsignsofdepression.YoungmenweremorelikelythanyoungwomentodevelopdepressiongiventhesameamountofmediausE.Thestudydidn’texploreifwatchingTVcausesdepression.Butonepossibilityisthatitwastakingtimeawayfromactivitiesthatcouldhelppreventdepression.LastDecemberthejournalSocialIndicatorsResearchpublishedastudyofactivitiesthathelpleadtohappylives.SociologistsfromtheUniversityofMarylandfoundthatpeoplewhodescribethemselvesashappyspendlesstimewatchingtelevisionthanunhappypeoplE.ThestudyfoundthathappypeoplearemorelikelytobesociallyactivetoreadtoattendreligiousservicesandtovotE.61.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe.A.TeensTelevisionandDepressionB.MenDevelopDepressionEasierthanWomenC.MediaUseisHarmfultoAdolescentsD.TakeGreatcareofTeenager’sdepression62.Theresultoftheresearchseemstoprove.A.teenagersaremorelikelytodevelopdepressionthanadultsB.othermediausesdonoharmtoadolescentsC.TVprobablycausesteenagerstogrowupwithdepressionD.thosewhowatchnoTVwillnotdevelopdepression63.Wecanlearnfromthesurveythatofallthemediause.A.computergamesareteenagers’favoriteB.mostteenagersprefertolistentotheradioC.teenagersenjoywatchingTVverymuchD.newspaperisnotincludedinthesurvey64.Accordingtothepassagewhatkindofactivitymayhelppreventdepression?A.Playingcomputergames.B.Takingpartinsports.C.Listeningtotheradio.D.Watchingmovies.65.Wecanconcludethatateenagershould.A.playmorevideogamesinsteadofwatchingTVB.beactiveintakingpartinoutdooractivitiesC.bemoreactiveinwatchingeducationalTVprogrammesD.attendreligiousservicesandcareforpolitics

Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoiftherewerenoplants.Thisisbecauseplantscanmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsandmancannotmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsgettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandotheranimals.SoanimalsandmanneedplantsinordertolivE.Thisiswhywefindthattherearesomanyplantsaroundus.Ifyoulookcarefullyattheplantsaroundyouyouwillfindthattherearetwokindsofplants:floweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.Floweringplantscanmakeseeds.Theseedsareprotectedbythefruits.Somefruitshaveoneseedsomehavetwothreeorfourandsomehavemanyseeds.Butafewfruitshavenoseedsatall.Anexampleofafruitwithoutseedsisthebananafruit.Mostnon-floweringplantsdon’tgrowfromseeds.Theygrowfromspores.Sporesaresosmallandlightthattheycanfloatintheair.Wemaysaythatsporesarequitethesameastheseeds.Whenthesesporesfallonwetandshadyplacestheyusuallygrowintonewplants.50.Themainideaofthepassageisthat__________.A.plantsareimportantforlifeB.plantscannotgrowwithoutairC.therearemanyplantsaroundusD.wecannotlivewithoutwater51.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Plantscanbedividedintomaintypes:floweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.B.AllfruitshaveseedsinthemC.Seedsareprotectedbythefruits.D.Someplantsgrowfromspores.52.Thewordnon-floweringinthispassagemeans__________.A.开花的B.有花的C.多花的D.不开花的53.Inshadyplacethereis__________.A.alotofsunshineB.alotofwaterC.nowaterD.littlesunshine

Fishhavestartedprotectingus.ItseemsunlikelybuttheIntelligentAutomationCorporationhasdevelopedasystemthatusesfishtoprotectourwatersupplies.Citiesandtownssharewaterwithmillionsofpeoplesoit’simportantthatthewateriscleanandsafetodrink.Bluegillswhicharesmallenoughtofitinyourhandarethefishthatareprotectingourwater.TheyarecommonfreshwaterfishnativetoAmericaandarealsoknownasbreamorsunfish.AccordingtotheAssociatedPressthebluegillswereoriginallyusedbytheArmytomakesurewaterwassafE.NowSanFranciscoNewYorkCityWashingtonD.Candseveralothercitiesusethebluegillmonitoringsystem.Thebluegillsystemworksbyconstantlyfillingthefishtankwithcityortownwater.A.smallgroupofbluegillsswiminthelocalwaterandarecloselymonitoreD.Bluegillsareverysensitivetotheirenvironment.ChangesintheenvironmentcausetheirbehaviorandbreathingpatternstochangE.TheycoughifthewaterispolluteD.Fishcoughbyflexingtheirgills鳃togetridofunwantedparticleslikegrainofsandfromtheirbreathingpassages.Ifthebluegillsarecoughingthecomputersendsanalarmviaemail.ThebluegillsinNewYorkCitydiscoveredandieselspill柴油外溢hoursbeforetheusualmonitors.Addingthebluegillsystemtoregularwaterprotectionmethodsresultedinanearlywarningandsaferwater.Peopleusethebluegillsystemtomonitorwatersupplies_____.A.becausetheyhavehighsensibilitytotheirenvironmentB.becausetheyareusedtoswimminginthefreshwaterC.becausetheycancoughbymeansoftheirgillsD.becausetheyareabletosende-mailsbycomputersWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBluegillsisNOTtrue?A.TheyareaboutthesizeofahumanhanD.B.TheyarefreshwaterfisheasilyfoundinAmericA.C.Theywereusedtosafeguardwaterinthearmy.D.Theyaresmarterthananyotherlivingthingonearth.Peopledecidewhetherthewaterispollutedbymeansof_____.A.informationsentbytheArmyB.thewarninge-mailthecomputersendsC.observingtheactivitiesofbluegillsD.constantlyfillingthefishtankwithwater

Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoiftherewerenoplants.Thisisbecauseplantscanmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsandmancannotmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsgettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandotheranimals.SoanimalsandmanneedplantsinordertolivE.Thisiswhywefindthattherearesomanyplantsaroundus.Ifyoulookcarefullyattheplantsaroundyouyouwillfindthattherearetwokindsofplants:floweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.Floweringplantscanmakeseeds.Theseedsareprotectedbythefruits.Somefruitshaveoneseedsomehavetwothreeorfourandsomehavemanyseeds.Butafewfruitshavenoseedsatall.Anexampleofafruitwithoutseedsisthebananafruit.Mostnon-floweringplantsdon’tgrowfromseeds.Theygrowfromspores.Sporesaresosmallandlightthattheycanfloatintheair.Wemaysaythatsporesarequitethesameastheseeds.Whenthesesporesfallonwetandshadyplacestheyusuallygrowintonewplants.56.Themainideaofthepassageisthat__________.A.plantsareimportantforlifeB.plantscannotgrowwithoutairC.therearemanyplantsaroundusD.wecannotlivewithoutwater57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Plantscanbedividedintomaintypes:floweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.B.AllfruitshaveseedsinthemC.Seedsareprotectedbythefruits.D.Someplantsgrowfromspores.58.Thewordnon-floweringinthispassagemeans__________.A.开花的B.有花的C.多花的D.不开花的59.Inshadyplacethereis__________.A.alotofsunshineB.alotofwaterC.nowaterD.littlesunshine

Todaytheworldisrapidlyurbanizing.Withhalfoftheworldpopulationexpectedtoliveincitiesbytheearlypartofthe21stcenturytheShanghai2010WorldExpo’sfocusonabettercitybearsprofoundmeaning.Whatmightfuturecitieslooklike28yearsfromnow?Herearesomescenarios:thingstocomethingstogo.ZerowasteWastedisposalisoneofthebiggestheadachesforcities.Apartfromrecyclablewasteeverythingisburiedorincinerated焚烧onlytopollutetheenvironment.Plasticwasteremainsundergroundforseveraldecades.Theworldproducesmuchmoregarbagethanitcandisposeof.NowattheExpoallwasteisdeliveredtoacompressionstationwherethewasteissortedfiltereddecontaminateddeodorizedandcompressedbeforefinallybeingdisposedofatdesignatedspots.InBeijingpeoplelivingintheAsuweiareaturntheirhouseholdwasteintoorganicfertilizerswhichareusedtogrowplantsatresidencecommunities.NomoretransportationproblemsduringSpringFestivalTheSpringFestivalthemostimportantChineseholidaywheneveryonereturnshomehascausedheadachesformillionsofChinesE.Morethan2billionpeopletravelatthesametimemakingobtainingtravelticketsandthejourneydifficult.Butin28yearsSpringFestivaltravelmaynotbeaproblematall.Chinaplanstohavemorethan120000kilometersofrailwayandarapidtransportationnetworkthatwillserve90percentofthepopulationby2020.AndbecausemostofChinawillbecitiespeoplewillnothavetogotootherplacestofindajobsomigrationwillnolongerbesolarge-scalE.NewspaperstodisappearAmericanscholarPhilipMeyerpredictsthatnewspaperwillcometoanendin2043.UtagawaReizouformereditor-in-chiefofTheMainichiDailyNewsbelievesthatthenewspaperwillbegonein2030.Thiskindofpredictionmayworrythoseinprintnewsbusiness.IntheU.K.thecirculationsofnationalnewspapersaredeclining.MajorJapanesenewspapershavegoneintodebt.IntheU.S.decliningcirculationsandadrevenueshaveforcedseveralnewspaperstostopprintingpapereditions.MediatycoonRupertMurdochthinksthefutureofmediareliesoninteractionthroughtheInternet.Inthefuturedigitalnewspaperswillbesenttoportalwebterminalsthroughwirelessly.Readerscandiscussissueswithjournalistsandeditors.Informationwillmovefaster.OiltorunoutInAugust2009FatihBirolchiefeconomistoftheInternationalEnergyAgencysaidthatoilisrunningoutfasterthanexpectedandthattheworldwilllikelyfeelthetightnessinsupplyinthenextfiveyears.Scientistshavefoundsubstitutesforoilasfuel.Coalnaturalgassoarpowernuclearpowerandevenwatercanreplaceoilassourcesofenergy.Flammableicereservesalonecansupporthumansforthenext1000years.61.Bynowtheworldpopulationincitieshasgrowtoabout_________.A.6.9billionB.0.75billionC.3.5billionD.1.3billion62.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Everythingburiedorincineratedbesidesrecyclablewastepollutestheenvironment.B.Peopledealwiththeirhouseholdwasteinanenvironmentally-friendlywayintheAsuweiareaBeijing.C.Morethan2billionpeoplesufferfromheadachesduringtheSpringFestivalinChinA.D.By202090percentofthepopulationwillhavetogotootherplacestofindajoB.63.AccordingtotheAmericanpredictorPhilipMeyerwhatwillhappenin2043?A.Newspaperwilldisappear.B.Japanhastostopprintingnewspapers.C.Digitalnewspaperwillbesenttoportalwebterminals.D.Informationwillmovefaster.64._________canreplaceoilassourcesofenergyinthefuturE.A.CoalandnaturalgasB.SolarpowerandnuclearpowerC.WaterandflammableicereservesD.Alltheabove65.Whichofthefollowingcanbebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheShanghai2010WorldExpoB.Whatwillcitylifebelikein28yearsC.A.rapidurbanizingworldD.Thingstocomethingstogo

IfEnglishmeansendlessnewwordsdifficultgrammarandsometimesstrangepronunciationyouarewrong.Haven'tyounoticedthatyouhavebecomesmartersinceyoustartedtolearnalanguage?AccordingtoanewstudybyaBritishuniversitylearningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyourbrainpower.Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymatter.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinformation.Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles.ThestudyalsofoundtheeffectisgreatertheyoungerpeoplelearnasecondlanguagE.AteamledbyDrAndreaMechellifromUniversityCollegeLondontookagroupofBritonswhoonlyspokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupofearlybilingualswhohadlearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffiveaswellasanumberoflaterlearners.Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity密度inthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguagE.ButthelongerapersonwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguagethesmallerthedifferencE.Ourfindingssuggestthatthestructureofthebrainischangedbytheexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagesaidthescientists.Itmeansthatthechangeitselfincreasestheabilitytolearn.ProfessorDylanVaughanJonesoftheUniversityofWaleshasresearchedthelinkbetweenbilingualismandmathsskills.Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible灵活的hesaiD.Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas.ThefindingswerematchedinastudyofnativeItalianspeakerswhohadlearnedEnglishasasecondlanguagebetweentheagesof2and34.ReadingwritingandcomprehensionwerealltesteD.Theresultsshowedthattheyoungertheystartedtolearnthebetter.Studyingalanguagemeansyougetanentrancetoanotherworldexplainedthescientists.6.Themainsubjecttalkedaboutinthispassageis________.A.scienceonlearningasecondlanguageB.man'sabilityoflearningasecondlanguageC.languagecanhelpbrainpowerD.languagelearningandmathsstudy7.Inthesecondparagraphthewritermentionsexerciseinorderto________.A.saylanguageisalsoakindofphysicallaborB.provethatoneneedsmorepracticewhenhesheislearningalanguageC.showtheimportanceofusingthelanguagewhenyoulearnthelanguageD.makepeoplebelievelanguagelearninghelpsgreymatterworkwell8.Theunderlinedwordbilingualprobablymeans________.A.aresearcheronlanguagelearningB.asecondlanguagelearnerC.apersonwhocanspeaktwolanguagesD.anactivelanguagelearner9.Wemayknowfromthescientificfindingsthat________.A.theearlieryoustarttolearnasecondlanguagethehigherthegreymatterdensityisB.thereisnodifferencebetweenalatersecondlanguagelearnerandonewhodoesn'tknowasecondlanguageC.theexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagehasbadeffectonpeople'sbrainD.theabilityoflearningasecondlanguageischangingallthetime10.Inthelasttwoparagraphstheauthorwantstotellusthat________.A.learningasecondlanguageisthesameasstudyingmathsB.earlylearningofasecondlanguagehelpsyouagreatdealinstudyothersubjectsC.ItalianisthebestchoiceforyouasasecondlanguageD.you'dbetterchoosetheagesbetween2and34tolearnasecondlanguage

Besidesgivingoffgasesanddustsintotheairhumansproducewastethatispouredontheenvironment.OftenthiswasteproducedbymajorindustriesandpeopleisharmfultobothnatureandhumanlifE.Oneofthemaincausesofthelargeamountofdangerouswasteisthatpeopledonotrealizehowlargeaproblemitis.Becauseitcanbesimplyremovedandsenttoalandfill废渣填埋场theproblemisoftenbelievedtoendtherE.Inadditionindustrieshaveoftenshownanunwillingnesstofindwaystodealwithdangerouswastebecauseoftherelatedexpenses.Manyindustriesandgovernmentsbuildsimplelandfillstostorewasteandoftenjustpourwastechemicalsintonearbybodiesofwater.OftenchemicalsusedforindustrialproductioncausedangerousformsofwastE.Theamountofthesechemicalshasincreasedgreatlyinthepastbutitisoftendifficultandexpensivetogetridofthesechemicalsortostoretheminawaysafetohumanlifeandtheenvironment.EveryyearmajorhealthproblemsresultfromdangerouswastE.SadlyitisoftenonlyaftersomeonehasdiedorbecomeseriouslyillthatgovernmentswilltakemeasurestoreducelevelsofharmfulwastE.Somegovernmentshaverealizedhowseriousthedangerouswasteproblemisandarenowtryingtosettlethisproblem.TheyarealsotryingtolimittheamountofwasteindustriesareallowedtoproducE.Notonlygovernmentsbutordinarypeopleaswellmustworktogethertosolvetheproblem.Theycanchoosenottobuythoseproductswhichrequiretheproductionofdangerouswasteandproducelessharmfulwastethemselves.Manyscientiststhinkthatwasteproductioncanbecut.Thewastecanbereducedbyatleastonethirdusingexistingtechnologiesandmethods.72.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MeasuresofReducingDangerousWasteB.DangerofHarmfulWastetoMankindC.DangerousWasteandWaterPollutionD.EnvironmentalProtection73.Accordingtothetextpeople.A.donotproduceharmfulwasteintheirdailylifeB.donotknowwheretoplacethedangerouswasteC.arenotclearabouthowseriousthedangerouswasteproblemisD.arenotsureaboutwhereharmfulwasteends74.Whattroublesindustriesmostindealingwiththedangerouswasteproblem?A.Howtogetgovernmentsupport.B.Howtoincreasetheirproduction.C.HowtostoreharmfulwastE.D.Howtocutdowntherelatedcosts.75.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Thepollutingindustriesarenotallowedtoselltheirproducts.B.Presenttechnologieshavesettledtheharmfulwasteproblem.C.Everyoneshouldobeythegovernmentrulesfortheproblem.D.Tosolvetheproblemrequirestheeffortsofthewholesociety.

江苏省金坛一中2009届高三5月模拟E.篇BotanythestudyofplantsplaysastrangeroleinthehistoryofhumanknowledgE.FormanythousandsofyearsitwasonefieldaboutwhichhumanshadlittleknowledgE.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeAncestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialsocietiesthatstillexistsadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirproperties特征mustbeveryancient.ThisisreasonablE.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthingsevenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeengreatlyimportanttothegoodofpeoplesnotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsmedicineshousingandagreatmanyotherpurposes.Tribes部落livingtodayinthewoodsoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyassuchhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectrelationwithplantsandthelessclearourknowledgeofbotanygrows.YeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonasurprisingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseoranapplE.WhenourNewStoneAgeancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricherproductionthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewconnectionofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:plantedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandthecollectedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandcloserelationswithplantsinthewildwouldbegintodisappear.67.Whichofthefollowingassumptions假设aboutearlyhumansisexpressedinthepassage?A.Theyprobablyhadwideknowledgeofplants.B.TheyclearlydividedknowledgeintoseparatefieldsC.Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.D.Theyplacedgreatimportanceonownershipofproperty.68.Accordingtothepassagewhyhasgeneralknowledgeofbotanydecreased?A.PeoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresourcE.B.BotanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofsciencE.C.Researchisunabletokeepupwiththeincreasingnumberofplants.D.DirectrelationwithavarietyofplantshasdecreaseD.69.Inparagraph2theunderlinedwordmarvelisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.edgeB.signC.beginningD.wonder70.Accordingtothepassagewhatwasthefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeofagriculture?A.Theinventionofagriculturetoolsandmachines.B.Thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants.C.ThediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplanteD.

WeoftenhearpeoplesayIhaveagoodmemoryforthingslikethatorIcanremembernames.Butdoyouknowmemoryisthesinglemostimportantthingandithasplayedaveryimportantpart?Forearlymenthereweredangerousallaroundthem----badweatherwildanimals.Thekeystokeeponlivinglayinman'sabilitytorememberthesedangersandthewayshehaddealtwiththeminthepast.Inorderformemoriestobestoredthehumanbrainbecamemorecomplex.Andasmanlearnedhowtodealwiththemhebecamecivilized文明.Surprisinglyscientiststodayunderstandlittleaboutmemoryandhowitworks.Theyhavenotyetfoundawaytoopenupthebrainandobserveitsfunctionwithoutdestroyingit.Perhapstherearetwotypesofmemory:short-termandlong-term.Short-termreferstothosefactsthatstaywithusforafewsecondstoafewhours.ForinstancewhenyoustayatahotelyouremembertheroomnumberandforgetassoonasyouleavE.Long-termmemoryontheotherhandmeansyourememberthingsforalongperiodoftimE.Ifyouspendyourhoneymooninaparticularhotelit'slikelythatyou'llrememberyourstayquiteclearly.Scientistsalsobelievethatashort-termmemorycanbecomealong-termmemorythroughconsolidation巩固.A.lotofchemicalandphysicalchangestakeplaceinthepartofthebrain.Althoughthehumanbrainweighsthreepoundsitcontains30billionnervecells神经细胞actinglikeacomputer.Whenthosechangesstrengthenthelinks联系incertainnervecellsathoughbecomesapartofthelong-termmemory.60.Accordingtotheauthorwithoutthedevelopmentofman'smemorytherewouldbe_____.A.nomodernworldB.norecordedhistoryC.noanimalsD.nodangers61.Scientists'knowledgeaboutthefunctionofbrainis_____.A.interestingB.notenoughC.greatD.encouraging62.Short-termmemorycanchangeintolong-termmemoryonconditionthat_____.A.memoryisgoodB.itactslikeacomputerC.peopledomoreexerciseD.thelinksinnervecellsarestrengthenedbycertainchanges63.Sofarthegreatdiscoveryscientistshavemadeaboutthefunctionofbrainis_____.A.theweightofbrainB.twotypesofmemoryC.30billionnervecellsD.chemicalandphysicalchanges

07·山东D.篇SportsshoesthatoutwhethertheirownerhasenoughexercisetowarranttimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeendevisedintheUK.Theshoes—namedSquareEyes—containanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.A.wirelesstransmitterpassestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.ThedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretofightagainsttherapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaysGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversitytoLondonUK.Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodoverweightreallystoodoutshesays.AndIwantedtotacklethatwithmydesign.Onceachildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtherecommendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestthatachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethantwohoursoftelevision.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalspreciselyoneminuteofTVtimE.Existingpedometers计步器normallyclipontoabeltorslipintoapocketandkeepcountofstepsbymeasuringsuddenmovement.Swansaysthesecanbeeasilytrickedintorecordingstepsthroughshaking.Buthershoehasbeenbuilttobeharderforlazyteenagerstocheat.Itispossiblebutitwouldbealotofeffortshesays.Thatwasoneofmymaindesignconsiderations.71.AccordingtoSwanthepurposeofherdesignprojectisto________.A.keeparecordofthestepsofthewearerB.dealwithoverweightamongteenagersC.enablechildrentoresistthetemptationofTVD.preventchildrenfrombeingtrickedbyTVprograms72.WhichofthefollowingistrueofSquareEyesshoes?A.Theyregulateachild’seveningTVviewingtimE.B.Theydetermineachild’sdailypocketmoney.C.Theyhaveraisedthehotissueofoverweight.D.Theycontaininformationofthereceiver.73.Whatisstressedbyhealthexpertsintheirsuggestion?A.Theexactnumberofstepstobetaken.B.TheprecisenumberofhoursspentonTV.C.TheproperamountofdailyexerciseandTVtimE.D.ThewayofchangingstepsintoTVwatchingtimE.74.Comparedwithothersimilarproductsthenewdesign________.A.makesitdifficultforlazyteenagerstocheatB.countsthewearer’sstepsthroughshakingC.recordsthesuddenmovementofthewearerD.sendsteenagers’healthdatatothereceiver75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SmartShoesDecideonTelevisionTimeB.SmartShoesGuaranteeMoreExerciseC.SmartShoesMeasureTimeofExerciseD.SmartShoesStopChildhoodOverweight

07·重庆D.篇TheAfricanelephantthelargestlandanimalremainingonearthisofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem生态系统.UnlikeotheranimalstheAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eateritlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna大草原surroundingsinwhichitlivesthereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat栖息地.Itistheelephant'sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeverydayitkillssmalltreesandunderbushesandpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.TaketherainforestsforexamplE.Intheirnaturalstatethespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplantselephantsmakeopenspacesallowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationstheforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplant-eaterstomovearoundandforsmallplant-eaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangeredspecies.Iftheelephantdisappearsscientistssaymanyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvastareasofforestandsavannagreatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.67.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.B.ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.C.TheeffectofAfricanelephants'searchforfooD.D.TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.68.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasesettingthetermsmostprobablymean?A.FixingthetimE.B.WorseningthestatE.C.Improvingthequality.D.Decidingtheconditions.69.Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A.Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.B.TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.C.Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.D.Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.70.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.A.showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB.pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesC.describingthechangesinspaceorderD.givingexamples

PeopletheSailorfirstbecameapopularcartooninthe1930s.Thesailorinthatcartoonatelotsofspinachtomakehimstrong.Peoplewatchedhimandtheybegantobuyandeatalotmorespinach.Popeyehelpedsell33percentmorespinachthanbefore!Spinachbecameanecessarypartofmanypeople’sdiets.EvensomechildrenwhohatedthetastebegantoeatthevegetablE.ManypeoplethoughtthattheironinspinachmadePopeyestrongbutthisisnottruE.SpinachdoesnothaveanymoreironthananyothergreenvegetablE.PeopleonlythoughtspinachhadalotofironbecausethepeoplewhostudiedthefoodmadeamistakE.Inthe1890sagroupofpeoplestudiedwhatwasinsidevegetables.ThisgroupsaidthatspinachhadtentimesmoreironthanitdiD.Thegroupwrotethenumberwrongandeveryoneacceptedit.Todayweknowthatthelittleironthereisinspinachcannotmakeadifferenceinhowstrongapersonis.Howeverspinachdoeshavesomethingelsewhichthebodyneeds—folicaciD.Itisinterestingtopointoutthatfolicacidcanhelpmakeapersonstrong.MaybeitwasreallythefolicacidthatmadePopeyestrongallalong.51.A.goodtitleforthisreadingpassageis______.A.PopeyetheSailorB.TheTruthAboutSpinachC.AMistakewithNumbersD.FolicAcidMakesYouStrong52.WhydidmanypeopleeatspinachaftertheysawPopeyetheSailor?A.Theythoughtspinachmadethemstrong.B.TheythoughtPopeyewasfunny.C.Spinachhadalotofiron.D.PeoplelikedfolicaciD.53.A.researchgrouptoldpeoplethatspinach______.A.madePopeyestrongB.wasagreenvegetableC.hadlessironthanothergreenvegetablesD.hadmoreironthanothergreenvegetables54.ThereadingpassagesaysthatperhapsPopeyegothisstrengthfrom______.A.ironB.folicacidC.spinachD.exercise55.Folicacidis______.A.somethinginfoodB.avegetableC.dangerousD.acertainkindofspinach

Everyoneknowswemustexerciseregularlytomaintaingoodhealth.IndeedstayingphysicallyfitisabigpartofourculturE.WeconsiderandrightlysothathealthypeopleareattractivepeoplE.Sincemostofuswanttobeattractivethereisnoshortageofexerciseclubstrainingvideosmagazinesandbooksofferingtohelpusstayphysicallyfit..Unfortunatelyhoweverourculturedoesnotplacethesameemphasis重视onmentalfitness.Althoughweadmireandlovemenandwomenwithstrongandhealthy-lookingbodieswedon’thavethesamedegreeofrespectorattractionforsmarteducatedandmentallyhealthypeoplE.Thisisashamebecausethereareimmenserewardsforpeoplewhohavedevelopedtheabilitytothinkwell.Ifyourmindiswelltrainedandflexible灵活的youwillbeabletounderstandagreatdealofwhathappensaroundyou.Andifyouarealsowelleducated---thatisifyouunderstandbasicsciencemathematicsmusicartliteraturehistoryandsoon---youwillfinditmucheasiertomakegooddecisionsthroughoutyourlifE.OverthelongrunthisleadstoasenseofcontroloveryourdestinyandamuchbetterlifethanotherwisE.Peoplewhoarepoorlyeducatedorwhodon'tthinkwell---thatispeoplewhoarenotmentallyfitseethingsdifferently.Theirworldiscontrolledbymysteriousbutoftenmalevolent有恶意的forces.SuchpeoplelivewithinasystemtheywillnevermasterforcedtofollowtherulestheywillneverunderstanD.Althoughitmaynotbeobviousmostpeoplespendtheirlivesbeingmanipulated控制byothers.Theyaretoldwhattodowhattothinkhowtospendtheirmoneyandwhattheyshouldandshouldnotaspire渴求toinlifE.Inmyopinionifyouwanttolivewellyoumustbeabletouseyourmindwel1.ForthisreasonIwantyoutobeabletoconcentratesolveproblemunderstandcomplexideasandthinkclearlyandquickly.Suchskillswillmakeiteasierforyoutomakeinformeddecisionsunderstandcurrenteventschoosegoodfriendsmanageyourmoneywellmakewiselong-termdecisionsandappreciatemusicartandliteraturE.Thekeytodevelopingsuchskillsistoenjoylearningandtohavetheabilityandmotivationtoteachyourself.60.Thewriterofthepassagefeelsdisappointedthat_____.A.somepeopledon’thavetheskilltomakegooddecisionsB.theworldofthephysicallyhealthypeopleiscontrolledbymysteriousforcesC.mentallyhealthypeoplearenotaspopularasphysicallyhealthypeopleD.toomuchhasbeendonetohelppeoplestayphysicallyfit61.Theunderlinedwordthisinparagraph3refersto______.A.theunderstandingofagreatdealofwhatgoesonaroundyouB.theunderstandingofbasicscienceandmathematicsC.goodtraininginbodyandmindD.beingabletomakegooddecisionsinlife62.Thewriterofthepassagethinksthatthosewhoarenotmentallyfit_____.A.liveapoorandmysteriouslifeB.can’tcontrolovertheirlifeC.oftendowhatothersdoD.enjoybeingfooledandruled63.Thebesttitleofthepassagewillmostprobablybe______.A.MindHelpsYouMoreB.TrainYourMindC.MakeInformedDecisionsD.LearnMoretoHelpYourself

河南省开封市2008届第四次模拟考试D.篇Ifyou'retrainingforamarathonaproperplanforwaterintake摄入isimportant.Ofcoursethere'stheriskofdehydration脱水.Butathletesnowknowtheycanalsogetintotroublebydrinkingtoomuch.Toomuchwaterintakecanlowerlevelsofsodium钠inthebloodThedeathofa28-year-oldwomanfollowingtheBostonMarathoncaughttheattentionofmanyrunnersandledtonewresearch.Expertsadviselongdistancerunnerstoreplacetheliquidstheysweatout.Theirgoalistotrytokeepsomeonefromnotgettingdehydratedbymorethan2percentoftheirbodyweight.Onetechniquefordecidinghowmuchwateryouneedistogettheexactnumbers.Runnershavetoweightthemselvesbeforeandafteraruntodeterminehowmuchwaterthey'velost.Iftheirweightdropsbymorethan2percenttheyhavenotdrunkenoughwater.Hypothermia体温过低occurswhenrunnersdrinksomuchwaterthatbloodsaltlevelsdropoff.A.studypublishedlastyeartested488runnerswhocompletedtheBostonMarathonandfound13percentofthemhaddangerouslylowbloodsaltlevels.Thefirstsignthatrunnersmaynoticeisslightlyswellinginthehands.Theycan’tgettheirringsoffandthentheymightfeelsick.TheymaynotrememberwheretheyarE.Infactmostrunnersgetenoughsalttogetbacktonormallevelsbyeatingjustonemealafterarun.Contrarytotheoldadvicethatrunnersshoulddrinkasmuchastheycantopreventdehydrationthenewresearchhasshownthatthebodyisaremarkablemachinethatactuallytellsyouyouneedwaterwhenyoufeelthirsty.68.Theauthorofthispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.A.thesignsandtreatmentfordehydrationB.thelongdistancerunnerswhoneedhelpC.howtomanagewaterintakeduringamarathonD.a284year-oldwomanwhodiedafteraBostonMarathon69.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A.TakingmuchsaltduringaruncanavoidswellingontheheaD.B.Eithertoomuchortoolittleofwaterintakeisharmful.C.A.richmealishelpfultoourperformanceinarun.D.Weshouldtakeenoughsaltduringarun.70.Accordingthepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Toomuchwaterintakeisverynecessaryinalongrun.B.Toomuchwaterintakecanlowerbloodsaltlevels.C.Thirteenofthe488runnershaddangerouslylowbloodsaltlevels.D.Runnersshoulddrinaasmuchastheycantopreventdehydration.