What does it feel like to break a bone? It’s different for everyone, but the pain is often sharp. If the break is small, however, the person may not feel much pain at all. If you think that you or someone else has broken a bone, the most important things to do are to stay calm, make the hurt person comfortable, and call the doctor. Do not move the injured body part since movement could make it worsE. To treat the break, the doctor will need to take an X-ray. This gives the doctor the information he or she needs to set (接上) the bone: to put it back to its normal placE. If the bone is large or it is broken in more than one place, the doctor may need to use metal pins (钢钉) to set it. After the bone has been set, the next step is usually putting on a cast, the special, hard thing that will keep the bone in place for a month or two. Your bones are excellent at healing themselves. Broken bones will produce many new cells (细胞) and tiny blood vessels (血脉). These cover both ends of the broken part, and close up the break until the bone is as whole and strong as beforE. 47. When someone breaks his bone, the following should be done except ______. A. asking the doctor for help B. comforting the hurt person C. moving the injured part D. staying calm 48. Which is the correct order to treat the break? A. take an x-ray B. use metal pins to set it C. put it back to its normal place D. put on a cast A. a→b→c→d B. a→c→b→d C. a→d→c→b D. d→a→b→c 49. The underlined word “heal” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “______”. A. break again B. become worse C. wound or hurt D. become healthy again 50. Where would you probably read this passage? A. In a story book. B. On a poster. C. In a health care book. D. In a chemistry book.

LASTweek'sdecisionbytheInternationalAstronomicalUnionIAUtostripPluto冥王星ofitsplanetarystatusheldsinceitsdiscoveryin1930hasmadealotofpeoplesaD.PlutoAmericansciencewriterDavaSobelwritesinherbookThePlanetsstillhasanemotionalholdonplanethooD.PeoplelovePluto.Childrenidentifywithitssmallness.AdultsfeltithardtoacceptitsisolatedexistencE.ManypeoplefeltsorryaboutPluto'sdemotion降级.IjustcannotacceptthisatthistimesaysLiuMing29whorunsasmallcompanyinShanghai.Iwastaughtthat'theNineGreatPlanets’formedoursolarsystemsinceprimaryschool.Andnowtheysuddenlydecreasetheplanetstoeight.ThiswilltakesometimeformostofustoabsorbitsaysLiu.Ordinarypeoplearesimplynotusedtoitbutforsomeprofessionalsespeciallythepersonsinchargeofplanetariums天文馆andeducatorsthechangehasbecomearealheadachE.TheeightinsteadofninechangewillaffectthousandsofplanetariumsaroundtheworlD.SchoolswillalsobegreatlyaffecteD.InChinateachersareanxiousasoutdatedtextbooksareprintedandgivenouttotheremotestcornerofthecountryforschoolchildrenreadytostartanewtermsoon.AccordingtotheMinistryofEducationnewtextbookswithchangedcontentswillnotbeavailableuntilnextyear.ZhaoZhihengamemberoftheAstronomyAssociationfromTianjinsuggestedthatprimaryandmiddleschoolteachersbetrainedintheimprovedknowledgeandthatthemediacarrymorestoriestoletpeopleknowaboutthechangeassoonaspossiblE.45.Theunderlinedphrasestripofinparagraph1means__________.A.takeawayfromB.markwithC.getreadyforD.pushinto50.What’sthefeelingofordinarypeopletothechange?A.TheythoughtitnecessarytohaveachangE.B.Theyaccepteditwithouthesitation.C.Theyfeltalittlesadandnotusedtoit.D.TheywerestronglyagainstthechangE.51.Whydidthechangeaffectschoolsgreatly?A.Teachersdisagreedwiththechangeandrefusedtoacceptit.B.Schoolshadtospendalotofmoneyonbooks.C.Studentsdonotlikethechangeofit.D.Newtextbookswillnotbereadysosoon.52.InthefollowingsuggestionswhichoneismadebyZhaoZhiheng?A.Planetariumsaroundtheworldshouldadapttothechangequickly.B.ThemediashouldmakeitknowntopeopleassoonaspossiblE.C.Teachersneedn’tbetrainedinimprovedknowledgeassoonaspossiblE.D.SchoolchildrenshouldbereadyforthenewknowledgE.

HaveyoueverdreamedofvisitingaplanetintheMilkWay银河系Whilethetripsoundsexcitingitwouldtakeyearsandyearstoreachyourdestination.Sointhefuturebedtimeforastronautsmaybemorethanafewhoursofregularshut-eyE.Theywouldhavetosleepforyears.Europeanresearchersarenowconductinghibernation冬眠experiments.Thestudymayhelpthemunderstandwhetherhumanscouldeversleepthroughtheyearsitwouldtakeforaspaceflighttodistantplanets.Iftherewasaneffectivetechnologyitcouldmakedeep-spacetravelarealitysaidMarkAyreoftheEuropeanSpaceAgencylastmonth.Whatseemslikesciencefictionisnotcompletelyunlikely.Researchershavebeenabletousechemicalstoputlivingcellsintoasleep-likestatE.Theyhavenowmovedontosmallnon-hibernatingmammalslikerats.Amajorchallengeisthefactthatcellscanbeverysimplesystemswhereasbodyorgansarefarmorecomplex.It’slikemovingfromasimpleApplecomputertoasupercomputersaidMarcoBiggiogeraahibernationresearcheratItaly’sUniversityofPavia.Justlikebearsandfrogsthehibernationofhumanbeingswouldcauseaperson’smetabolism新陈代谢tolowersotheywouldneedlessenergy.Medicalresearchhoweverisjusthalfofaspaceflighthibernationsystem.Thereisthechallengeofdesigningasuitableprotectiveshelter栖身所.SuchashelterwouldprovidetheproperenvironmentforhibernationsuchasthepropertemperatureItwouldalsohavetomonitor监控lifefunctionsandservethephysiologicalneedsofthehibernator.AccordingtoAyrethesix-personhumanOuterPlanetsExplorationMissiontojupiter’smoon木星的卫星Callistocouldbeanopportunitytousehumanhibernation.Themissionaimstosendsixhumansonafive-yearflighttoCallistowheretheywillspend30daysin2045.54.Accordingtothearticlethehibernationresearch________.A.isjustanideaB.isalwaysasciencefictionC.hasalreadyfinishedsuccessfullyD.hasmadesomeprogress55.Thereare________majorchallengesfacingscientistswhostudyhibernation.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five56.Thefirstuseofthehibernationtechnology________thesix-personhumanOuterPlanetsExplorationMissiontojupiter’smoonCallisto.A.mustheB.hasbeenplannedforC.iscertaintobeD.maybe57.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.HibernationStudyforSpaceTravelB.WelcometoOurSpaceTravelC.ToHibernatetoLiveLongerD.WelcometoMilkWay

福建省厦门双十中学09届高三热身考试D.篇Aloneinthewilderness.NothingbutjunglE.A.worldofshadowwiththeraysoflightfallinglikeblondehairfromthecrownsofthegianttrees.Jungleinthemiddaysun.Everythingmotionless.Notasoundfromskyorearth.CompletesilencE.Onlysomecoconutsfallingatlongintervalsveryfaraway.Theworldreducedtothesofttouchofcoolgrassalongmynakedbackandasweetsmellofrichsoilandvegetation.StretchedoutwithclosedeyesbesidemyheavyburdenoffruitandfirewoodIenjoyedthefeelingoffreshbloodstreamingthrougheverypartofmybodyandfreshjungleairfillingeverycornerofmylungs.RestingmotionlessIcouldseethesunthroughmyclosedeyelidsaloneintheskyaslonelyasIandasmotionlessandsilentaseverythingelsE.Theearthhadsurelystoppedturningandsomewhereonthisplanettherewassupposedtoberoaringtrafficinbusystreets.Whatacrazyunbelievablethought!Anothercoconutfelltomaketheworldcometoacompletestandstill.IhadtorolloverontomystomachtofeelthatatleastIcouldmoveandmakenoises.ThenIfoundcompany.A.littlebrownantwasstrugglingtofinditswaywithabitofdrystrawthroughthejungleofleavesandgrassbelowmynosE.IwonderedifIcouldgivethelittlefellowaliftwithitsburdenbutitshowednottheslightestsignoftirednessandstruggledonwithallsixlegsheadfirstorheadlastwavingitsfeelersenergeticallyasifthetriphadjuststarteD.Whoeversawatiredant?Tirednessdisagreeabletirednessisrestrictedtohuntedanimalsslavesandmodernman.Itisasgreataneffortforanofficeclerktowalkfiveblockswithaloadedbrief-caseasitisforajungle-dwellertocrossavalleywithagoatonhisback.Itisashardtogetupandclimborrunwhenyouhavebeenseatedforyearsasitistogetupandwalkwhenyouhavebeeninbedformonths.ThebodyisstrangE.Spareitandyougetreallytiredforalmostnothing;useitandalmostnothingmakesyoureallytireD.Irosetomyfeet.Ihadheardahorseneighingdowninthevalley.Abovemeontheopenhighlandplainstherewerewildhorses.Butdowninthevalleytherewasneverahorseunlesstherewasamanonit.SomebodywasmakinghiswayupthevalleyandmywifewasalonE.68.Theauthormentionscoconuts’fallingto.A.showhislonelinessB.addbeautytothejungleC.expresshisloveofnatureD.stresstheabsolutesilence69.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheant?A.Headmireditsattitudetowardwork.B.Hewasamazedatitstirelessefforts.C.Heshowedsympathyforthelittleant.D.Hewascontenttohaveitasacompanion.70.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorwouldprobably.A.workharderthanbeforeB.talktothemanonthehorseC.makehiswayhomeD.stayinthevalley71.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethattheauthor.A.enjoyedbeingaloneB.experiencedawordofquietnessC.missedhisbusylifeinthecityD.hadanunforgettableadventure

10·湖南C.篇PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.RachaelJackUniversityofGlasgowresearchersaidthatratherthanscanningevenly均匀的acrossafaceasWesternersdoEasternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressionsJacksaiD.WesternerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasurewhereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect忽略themouth.AccordingtoJackandhercolleaguesthediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieveD.Asaresultfacialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesof.expressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happysadsurprisedfearfuldisgustedangryorneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners.TheculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressionsJacksaiD.OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotionEasternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.Inshortthedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereonexamininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.OtherwisewhenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrossculturesEasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.66.ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners.A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouthB.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliableC.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysD.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions67.Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?A.Tomakeafaceateachother.B.TogettheirfacesimpressivE.C.Toclassifysomefacepictures.D.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.68.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyinParagraph6referto?A.Theparticipantsinthestudy.B.Theresearchersofthestudy.C.Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy.D.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.69.IncomparisonwithWesternersEasternersarelikelyto.A.dotranslationmoresuccessfullyB.studythemouthmorefrequentlyC.examinetheeyesmoreattentivelyD.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly70.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoulB.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotionsC.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkillsD.HowtoIncreaseCross-culturalUnderstanding

05·湖南E.篇AtDallm/FortWorthAirportthelightsarecontrolledbysensorsthatmeasuresunlight.Theydimimmediatelywhenit'ssunnymdbrightenwhenapassingcloudblocksthesun.A.wallofwindowsataUniversityofPennsylvaniaengineeringbuddinghasbuilt-inblinds百页窗controlledbyacomputerprogramthatfollowsthesun'spath.Buildingsaregettingsmarter--andthenextgenerationofbuildingmaterialsexpectedtodoevenmorE.Windowscouldcatchthesun'senergytoheatwater.Sensorsthatmeasurethecarbondioxidebreathedoutbypeopleinamomcoulddeterminewhethertheairconditioningneedstobeturnedup.Manynewmaterialsandtechnologyhavebeendesignedinthelast15years.TheynowbeingusedinawaveofbuildingsdesignedtosaveasmuchenergyaspossiblE.Theyincludeoldideaslikegreenroofswhereabeltofplantsonaroofhelpsthebuildingkeepheatinwinterandstaycoolinsummerandnewideaslikespecialcoatingforwindowsthatletslightinbutkeepsheatout.AstechnologiessuchassensorsbecomecheapertheirusesspreaD.Theelevators电梯atSevenWorldTradeCenterwhichisunderconstructioninNewYorkuseasystemthatgroupspeopletravelingtonearbyfloorintothesameelevatorthussavingelevatorstops.Peoplewhoworkinthebuildingwillenteritbyswiping刷IDcardsthatwilltelltheelevatorstheirfloor;readoutswillthentellthemwhichelevatortousE.Thebuildingalsohaswindowswithacoatingthatblockshealwhilelettinginlight.Morenewbuildingmaterialsandtechnologyareindevelopment.A.Philadelphiabuildingfarmisnowworkingonsmartwrapthatusestinysolarcollectorstocatchthesun'senergyandtransmitters传感器thewidthofahumanhairtomoveit.Theyareexpectedtochangethefaceoftheconstructionindustryinthenexttenyearsorso.72.__willbedevelopedandusedintheconstrucctionindustry.A.GreenmopsthatcoolorheatbuildingsB.Smartwrapthatcatchesthesun'senergyC.Sunlight-measuringsensorsthatcontrollightsD.Windowcoatingthatletslightinbutkeepsheatout73.TheelevatorsatSevenWorldTradeCenterarespecialbecausetheycan___A.sendpeopletofloorswithfewerstopsB.teachpeoplehowtousetheirIDcardsC.makepeoplestayverycoolinsummerD.helppeoplegotravelinginthebuilding74.Theunderlinedwordit'inthelastparagraphrefersto_____.A.ahumanbeingB.smartwrapC.thesun'senergyD.atransmitter75.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.BuildingsAreBecomingSmarterB.BuildingsAreGettingMoreSunlightC.BuildingsAreLackinginMuchEnergyD.BuildingsAreUsingCheaperMaterials

Believeitornotopticalillusion错觉cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripescalledchevrons人字形paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyareandthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundation基金会forTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyearthefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessive过多的speedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidentsaccordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidentsthefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazards危险arethegreatestcurvesexitslopestrafficcirclesandbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitially起初cuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.Howevertrafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevronsscientistssaynotonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.59.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB.anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysC.anewwayoftrainingdriversD.anewtypeofopticalillusion60.Onroadspaintedwithchevronsdriverstendtofeelthat________.A.theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB.theyaredrivinginthewronglaneC.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD.theyarecomingneartothespeedlimit61.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraighthorizontalbarsisthattheformer________.A.cankeepdriversawakeB.cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC.willlookmoreattractiveD.willhavealongereffectondrivers62.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________.A.tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB.changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC.replacestraighthorizontalbarswithchevronsD.repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns

Haveyoueverbeenfrustrated沮丧的whenlefttalkingtoyourselfafteryourmobilephonebatteryrunsoutinthemiddleofacall?Ifyesthenherecomessomegoodnews.Scientistsarenowperfectingawaytorecharge充电electricalequipmentwhileonthemove.ResearchersfromtheNetherlandsFranceandPortugalannouncedlastweekthattheyhavedevelopedverythinsolarpanels太阳能板thatcanbeputonclothes.Theycanalsobeaddedtofurnitureandrooftops.Theychangelightfromthesunintoelectricity.Inaboutthreeyearsyou'llbeabletowearajacketthatwillrechargeyourphoneasyouwalk.Forcampingfansthedevelopmentcouldleadtoatentwhichchargesbatteriesalldaysoyoucanhavelightormusicatnight.Thebasictechnologyofwearablesolarpanelsisthesameasthatusedforconventional传统的solarpanels.Pairsofsheetsofsemi-conductingsilicon半导体硅arelinkedtogethertoformthepanel.Butscientistsmadethemmuchthinnerbyusingdifferentsilicon.Atonemicro-metretheyarethesamethicknessasphotographicfilm.ThistechnologywillmakeiteasierforpeopletousecleanenergysourcessaidGerritKroesenaphysicistintheNetherlandswholedtheteamofscientists.Butthethinpanelsarenotasefficientasthethickerones.Whilesomesolarpanelsnowoperateatanefficiencyofabout20percentthenewflexible柔韧的panelsareonly7percentefficient.Butthescientistsbelievethatthisisworthacceptingforastrongerandmoreusefulpanel.Butthethinnerpanelischeaper.AnA4sizedpanelputontothebackofajacketcostslessthanUS$13.ItcouldchargeacellphoneduringasummerwalkinthecountrysidE.Aslongasyoustaywithinrangeofthetransmittingmasts发射天线thatrelayacalltothenetworksphoneswillneveragainrunoutofpower.72.Whatisthemeaningofthephraseonthemoveinparagraph2?A.Takingacourseofaction.B.Goingfromoneplacetoanother.C.Changingclothesbeforemoving.D.Changingthemobilephonebattery.73.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.A.waytorechargeelectricalequipment.B.Anewkindofchargeablebattery.C.A.newtypeofmobilephonE.D.Auseofmobilephones.74.Whatisthemostimportantinthedevelopmentofthetechnology?A.Photographicfilm.B.Warmerclothes.C.Furnitureandrooftops.D.Thinflexiblesolarpanels.75.WhatisNOTlikelytohappeninthefuture?A.YoucanlistentomusicinacampsiteusingtheelectricityfromsunshinE.B.Yourmobilephonebatteryrunsoutinthemiddleofacall.C.YouwearajacketthatwillrechargeyourphonE.D.Youcanchangelightfromthesunintoelectricity.

Nervoussuspects嫌疑犯lockedupinBritain'snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowColouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrimetheblueonthewallmighttipthebalance.GwentPolicehaveabandonedcolourssuchasgreysandbrownsofthe20th-centurypolicecell牢房andhaveusedcolourpsychologytodecoratethem.YstradMynachstationwhichrecentlyopenedatacostof￡5millionhasfourcellswithglassdoorsforprisonerswhosufferfromclaustrophobia幽闭__症.Designershavepaintedtheframesyellowwhichresearcherssayisacalmingcolour.Othercellscontainaroyalbluelinebecausepsychologistsbelievethatthecolourislikelytoencouragetruthfulness.Thestationhas31cellsincluding12withalivescansystemfordrunkenordisturbedprisonerswhichdetectstheriseandfalloftheirchest.Analarmalertsofficersifaprisoner'sbreathingstopsandcarriesonringinguntilthedoorisopeneD.Designersandpsychologistshaveworkedforyearsoncolour.Blueissaidtosuggesttrustefficiencydutylogiccoolnessthinkingandcalm.Italsosuggestscoldnessandunfriendliness.Itisthoughtthatstrongblueswillstimulateclearthoughtandlightersoftcolourswillcalmthemindandaidconcentration.Yellowislinkedwithconfidenceself-respectandfriendliness.Getthecolourwronganditcouldcausefeardepressionandanxietybuttherightyellowcanliftspiritsandself-respect.IngridCollinsapsychologistwhospecializesintheeffectsofcoloursaidthatcolourwasanenergyforce.Shesaid:BluedoesenhancecommunicationbutIamnotsureitwouldenhancetruthfulcommunication.YellowshesaidaffectedtheminD.Redontheotherhandshouldneverbeconsideredbecauseitcouldincreaseaggression.MrsCollinspraisedthedesignersforusingcoloursinthecells.GwentisnotthefirstBritishforcetoexperimentwithcolourtocalmdownorpersuadeprisonerstoco-operatE.Inthe1990sStrathclydePoliceusedpinkincellsbasedonresearchcarriedoutbytheUSNavy.45.Theexpressiontipthebalanceinparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight____.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalanceB.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimesC.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourtD.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours46.WhichofthefollowingcoloursshouldNOTbeusedincellsaccordingtomepassage?A.Pink.B.YellowC.BluE.D.ReD.47.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______A.therelationshipbetweencoloursandpsychologyB.acomparisonofdifferentfunctionsofcoloursC.theuseofcoloursincellstoaffectcriminals’psychologyD.scientificwaystohelpcriminalsreformthemselvesinprison

Scientistsarecloselyconcernedwiththestructureofbuildingsandwiththequalityofbuildingmaterials.TheWorldhealthOrganizationWHOobservesthattheintroductionofairconditioningandenergyconservation保护measureshavebeenaccompaniedbygrowingproblemsofindoorairquality.Somepollutantsarisefrominsulation隔音productssomefrommovingcarsandothersfrommodernhousingmaterials.AsmanyEuropeansspendupto90%oftheirlivesinbuildingsthehealtheffectsoftheindoorclimateareveryimportant.Someconstructionmaterialsincludingfiberboardinsulationfoamsandcertaingluesforman-madewoodfloorboardsforexamplegiveoutorganicproductssuchasformaldehyde甲醛.Heatandhumidityincreasethereleaseofformaldehydeandthegasseriouslyharmstheeyes.PaintlacqueretC.canalsoreleasedangerousgasintoindoorair.Constructionmaterialscancauseseriousdamageespeciallywhentheycontainasbestos石棉.AsbestosisnaturallypresentinrockformationsworldwidE.Itbelongstoafamilyofmineralsubstancesmadeupofsolidnon-combustible非易燃品fiber.Thesepropertiesmakeasbestosahighlysought-afterconstructionmaterial.Asearlyas1931howeverpublichealthofficersintheUnitedKingdomrevealedtheconnectionbetweenbreathinginasbestosdustandsuchdiseasesaslungcancer.Thelandonwhichabuildingissitedmayalsocontributetopollution.Somekindsofgraniteorsimilarrockscontaintracesofradium.Asitbreaksdownthisnaturallyradioactiveelementproducessomekindofradioactivegasthatgoesthroughtinycracksinwallsfloorsandbuildingmaterialsandmakesitswayintothebuildingandtherooms.Thebetterthehomesareinsulatedthemoreisthedangerousgasinindoorair.Themaineffectofthisdangerousgasonhealthistoincreasetheriskoflungcancer.53.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Somebuildingmaterialspolluteindoorair.B.Somefactorscauseindoorairpollution.C.Asbestoscancauselungcancer.D.Thelandonwhichhousesarebuiltcontributestoindoorpollution.54.WhyareEuropeansparticularlyconcernedwithbuildingmaterials?A.LotsofbuildingmaterialsthereareradioactivE.B.Theystayhomeupto90%oftheirlives.C.Theyhaveahighrateoflungcancer.D.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeindoors.55.Whyisasbestosasought-afterbuildingmaterial?A.Itisakindofinsulationfoam.B.Asbestoswillnotgiveoutdangerousgas.C.ThismaterialisnoteasytocatchfirE.D.Itisrarelypresentinrockformations.56.Whyshouldwebecarefulaboutthelandonwhichabuildingistobesited?A.Todeterminewhetherthelandisfirmenoughforabuildingtobesitedon.B.Tomakesurethatthelandcontainsnoradioactivematerial.C.Tomakecertainthatthelandreleasesnoformaldehydeorothergases.D.Tocheckwhetheritcontainsanycombustiblematerials.

D.Healthofficialsissuedawaringovercommonenergy-savingl一ghtbulbs灯泡afterresearchshowedsometypescouldpotentiallyharmtheskinandmayevenraisetheriskofcancer.AstudybytheHealthProtectionAgencyHPAfoundthatsomeeco-friendlylightbuulbsreleaselevelsofultravioletUV紫外线radiationthatareaboverecognizedsafetylimits.Theagencyurgedpeoplewhoworkwithlampsnearbytoavoidspendingmorethanonehourwithinafootoftheeco-friendlybulbs.Thewarningwasdirectedatthoseusingdesklampsforlongperiodssuchasjewellerymakersandotherswhomighthavelightsclosetotheirfacessuchascarmechanics.JohnO’HaganascientistattheHPA’scentreforradiationchemicalandenvironmentaldangersbegantestsontheligthbulbsafterpatientgroupsraisedconcernaboutthem.Amongthegroupswerepatientswithaskindiseasecalledlupuswhichmakespeoplehighlysensitivetolight.ThetestsmeasuredUVlightfromthelampsandfoundthehighestlevelsofUVradiationmeasured2cmfromthelightbulbswereequivalenttobeingoutsideindirectsunlightinthesummer.Themostimmediateriskfromthelightbulbsisareddeningoftheskinsimilartosunburnbutthereisalsoasmallincreasedriskofskincancerassociatedwiththisagainsimilartothatofsunburn.Theriskofhealthproblemsfromthelightbulbswasnotsohighthatpeopleshouldremovethemfromtheirhomes.Peopleareadvisedtoavoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongcloseworkuntiltheproblemissortedout.Ithasconfirmedthatthegovernmentwillnotbereviewingitsstrategyonintroducingenergyefficientlightbulbs.68.Theunderlinedwordequivalentinparagraph4mostprobablymeans___.A.equalB.vitalC.relevantD.harmful69.InordernottobeharmedbytheUVradiationfromsomelightbulbspeopleshould___.A.stopusingeco-friendlylightbulbsathomeB.avoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongcloseworkC.takecarenottoexposetheirskintodirectsunlightD.urgethegovernmenttobantheuseoflightbulbs70.Inthenextparttheauthorwouldmostprobablyfurtherexplain_____.A.whypeopleneedn’tremovethelightbulbsfromtheirhomesB.howresearchershaveplannedtosortouttheproblemC.howthegovernmenthasrespondedtoHPA’sdiscoveryD.howlongpeopleshouldworkclosetotheopenlightbulbs71.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____.A.healthofficialsissuedawarningovercommonlightbulbs.B.jewellerymakersshouldavoidworkingwiththeeco-friendlybulbsformorethanonehourC.JohnO’HagandidtestsonthelightbulbswithsomepatientsD.peopleareadvisedtoavoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongclosework

Dr.SylviaEarlewantsyoutostopeatingfish.It’snotbecausefishareendangeredthoughwildfishstocksinmanyoceansareverylow.It’snotbecausethey'rebadforyouthoughfishinmanyareasareexposedtopoisonoussubstancesinthewater.It’sbecausethey’resmart.Fisharesensitivetheyhavepersonalitiessaysthemarinebiologist.ForEarleeatingafishwouldbelikeeatingadogoracat.IwouldnevereatanyoneIknowpersonally.There’salotmoretofishthanmeetstheeye:theytalktoeachothertheyliketobetouchedandtheyengageinbehaviorthatcanseemveryhuman.Theycanrememberthingsandlearnfromexperience.Earleandagrowingnumberofanimalrightsactivistsseetheseasstrongargumentsagainsteatingfishaltogether.Theactivistsalsopointoutthatfishfeelpainandfishsufferhorriblyontheirwayfromtheseatothesupermarket.WhileitmayseemobviousthatfishareabletofeelpainlikeeveryotheranimalsomepeoplethinkoffishasswimmingvegetablessaysDr.LynneSneddon.Reallyit’skindofamoralquestion.Istheenjoymentyougetfromfishingoreatingfishmoreimportantthanthepainofthefish?Fishermenandfriedfishloversaredoubtful.I'veneverseenasmartfishsaysMarieSwaringenasshefinishesaplateoffishataSeattleseafoodrestaurant.Iftheywereverysmarttheywouldn'tgetcaught.Foryearseveryone’sbeentellingustoeatfishbecauseit’ssogoodforussaysanotherdiner.‘NowI.’vegottofeelguiltywhileI.’meatingmyfish?Whataretheygoingtothinkofnext?Don’teatsaladbecausecucumbershavefeelings?64.Dr.SylviaEarlediscouragepeoplefromeatingfishbecause________.A.therearenotthatmanywildfishintheoceanB.fishactuallyaresensitiveandhavepersonalitiesC.someoceanfishcontainpoisonoussubstancesD.fisharelikedogsorcatsthatpeopleknowpersonally65.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.A.allpeopledon’tagreewiththeideatostopeatingfishB.peoplewillbepersuadednottoeatfishinthefutureC.stoppingeatingfishwillleadtopeople’snoteatingvegetablesD.weshouldn’tcaretoomuchaboutthefeelingoffish66.BysayingThere’salotmoretofishthanmeetstheeyethewritermeans__________.A.therearefarmorefishthanotheranimalsintheworldB.therearemorefishintheworldthanpeoplecanseeC.peoplecanseemorefishiftheypaymoreattentionD.fisharenotthatsimpleastheyappeartopeople’seyes

衡阳市八中2008届高三模拟试题C.篇Desertantsontheirexpeditionsforfoodusecluestoleadthemselvesinthehomewarddirectionbutwithfewlandmarksinthepoorlandscientistshavewonderedhowtheinsectsalwaystakethemostdirectrouteandknowexactlyhowfartomarch.ThenewstudyshowsthatcountingtheirstepsisanimportantpartoftheschemE.OvertheyearsscientistshaveproposedseveraltheoriesforhowantsfindtheirwayhomE.Oneisthattheydoitlikehoneybeesandremembervisualcluesbutexperimentsshowedantscantravelinthedark.Anothertheoryisthatbecauseantsrunatasteadypacetheycouldtimehowlongittookthemtogettoandfro.Otherstudieshaveshownthatonceantsfindagoodsourceoffoodtheyteachotherantshowtofindit.Theantpedometertechniquewasfirstproposedin1904butitremaineduntesteduntilnow.Scientiststraineddesertantstowalkalongastraightpathfromtheirnestentrancetoafeeder30feetaway.Ifthenestorfeederwasmovedtheantswouldbreakfromtheirstraightpathafterreachingtheexpectedspotandsearchfortheirgoal.Trythatonstilts.Theygluedstilt-likeextentionstothelegsofsomeantstolengthenstridE.Theresearchersshortenedotherants’stridelengthbycuttingofftheants’feetandlowerlegsreducingtheirlegstostumps.Theantsonstiltstooktherightnumberofstepsbutbecauseoftheirincreasedstridelengthmarchedpasttheirgoal.Stump-leggedantsmeanwhilefellshortofthegoal.Aftergettingusedtotheirnewlegstheantswereabletoadjusttheirpedometer.64.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Ants’marchingdependsoncountingtheirstepsB.DesertantsknowhowtolookforfoodC.Thesecretforants’marchingisknowntoallD.Antsknowhowfartheirfoodis65.Apartfromcountingtheirstepshowcanantsfindtheirway?A.BysmellingB.BycommunicatingC.ByhearingD.Byrecognisingwind66.Abouttheantpedometerweknowthat______.A.thetechniqueisarecentdiscoveryB.antsalwayswalkalongastraightpathC.antsoftenchangetheirnesttokeepthepedometerD.thepedometerneedschangingdependingonnewsituations67.Accordingtothepassagethestump-leggedants_______.A.havelongerlegsthanonesonstiltsB.havelongerlegsthanthecommononesC.needmorestepstoreachtheirgoalD.canarriveattheirgoalasusual

09·安徽E.篇Arainforestisanareacoveredbytalltreeswiththetotalhighrainfallspreadingquiteequallythroughtheyearandthetemperaturerarelydippingbelowl6℃.RainforestshaveagreateffectontheworldenvironmentbecausetheycantakeinheatfromthesunandadjusttheclimatE.WithouttheforestcovertheseareaswouldreflectmoreheatintotheatmospherewarmingtherestoftheworlD.LosingtherainforestsmayalsoinfluencewindandrainfallpatternspotentiallycausingcertainnaturaldisastersallovertheworlD.Inthepasthundredyearshumanshavebegundestroyingrainforestsinsearchofthreemajorresources资源landforcropswoodforpaperandotherproductslandforraisingfarmanimals.ThisactionaffectstheenvironmentasawholE.Forexamplealotofcarbondioxide二氧化碳intheaircomesfromburningtherainforests.Peopleobviouslyhaveaneedfortheresourceswegainfromcuttingtreesbutwewillsuffermuchmorethanwewillbenefit.Therearetwomainreasonsforthis.Firstlywhenpeoplecutdowntreesgenerallytheycanonlyusethelandforayearortwo.Secondlycuttinglargesectionsofrainforestsmayprovideagoodsupplyofwoodrightnowbutinthelongrunitactuallyreducestheworld’swoodsupply.Rainforestsareoftencalledtheworld’sdrugstorE.Morethan25％ofthemedicinesweusetodaycomefromplantsinrainforests.Howeverfewerthanl％ofrainforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheirmedicalvaluE.Itisextremelylikelythatourbestchancetocurediseasesliessomewhereintheworld’sshrinkingrainforests.72.Rainforestscanhelptoadjusttheclimatebecausethey.A.reflectmoreheatintotheatmosphereB.bringabouthighrainfallthroughouttheworldC.rarelycausethetemperaturetodroplowerthanl6℃D.reducetheeffectofheatfromthesunontheearth73.Whatdoesthewordthisunderlinedinthethirdparagraphreferto?A.Wewilllosemuchmorethanwecangain.B.Humanshavebegundestroyingrainforests.C.Peoplehaveastrongdesireforresources.D.Muchcarbondioxidecomesfromburningrainforests.74.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatA.wecangetenoughresourceswithoutrainforestsB.thereisgreatmedicinepotentialinrainforestsC.wewillgrowfewerkindsofcropsinthegainedlandD.thelevelofannualrainfallaffectswindpatterns75.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoSaveRainforestsB.HowtoProtectNatureC.RainforestsandtheEnvironmentD.RainforestsandMedicalDevelopment

Anapehasalargerbrainthananyanimalexceptmanthoughitismuchsmallerthanaman’sbrain.Apesallbelongtothehotcountriesoftheworld―tropicalAfricaandSouth―eastAsiA.Thegorillaisthelargestoftheapes.Heisastallassixfeetwhenstandingupright.ManypeoplethinkthatgorillasareveryfiercE.Theyareoftendescribedasstandinguprightlikeamanbeatingtheirfistsandroaring.IntheirhomeintheforestsofCentralAfricahowevertheyarenotatalllikethisTheyarepeacefulanimalsandneverusetheirgreatstrengthunlessattackeD.Eventhentheyretreatiftheycan.Gorillashaveblackfacesandlongblackhairycoats.Theyfeedduringthedayonplantsandfruit.Atnighttheoldmaleoftensleepsonthegroundatthefootofatreewhiletheotherseachmakeasleepingplatforminthetreebendingtheleafybranches.Besidesthisgorillasclimbtreesveryseldom.56.Apeslivein___________.A.differentpartsoftheworldB.thecoldcountriesC.SouthAmericaandAfricaD.thecountriesofAfricaandsouth―eastAsia57.Anape’sbrainis__________.A.aslargeasaman’sbrainB.alotsmallerthanaman’sbrainC.largerthanthatofanyotheranimalincludingmanD.alotlargerthanaman’sbrain58.A.gorillaisaboutsixfeettallwhenhe__________.A.standsonhislegsB.standonhisarmsC.roarsD.useshisgreatstrength59.Allgorillasliveon____________.A.vegetablesB.leavesandgrassC.plantsandfruitD.rice60.Duringthenightgorillausuallysleepintreesexcept__________.A.theoldfemalegorillaB.theoldmalegorillaC.theyounggorillasuptosixyearsoldD.thebabygorillas

08·宁夏海南全国ⅠB.篇Morethan10yearsagoitwasdifficulttobuyatastypineapple.ThefruitsthatmadeittotheUKweregreenontheoutsideandmoreoftenthannothardwithanunpleasanttastewithin.Thenin1996theDelMonteGoldpineappleproducedinHawaiifirsthitourshelves.Thenewtypeofpineapplelookedmoreyellowy-goldthangreen.Itwasslightlysofterontheoutsideandhadalotofjuiceinside.Butthemostimportantthingaboutthisnewtypeofpineapplewasthatitwastwiceassweetasthehit-and-misspineappleswehadknown.InnotimetheDelMonteGoldtookthemarketbystormrapidlybecomingtheworld’sbest-sellingpineapplevarietyanddeliveringnaturallevelsofsweetnessinthemouthupuntilthenonlyfoundintinnedpineapple.Innutrition营养itwasallgoodnewstoo.Thisnice-tastingpineapplecontainedfourtimesmorevitaminC维生素C.thantheoldgreenvariety.Nutritionistssaidthatitwasnotonlyfullofvitaminsbutalsogoodagainstsomediseases.Peoplewereunderstandablyeagertobeabletobuythiswonderfulfruit.ThenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfastandtheDelMonteGoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater.SeeingthegrowingmarketforitswinningpineappleDelMontetriedtokeepthemarkettoitself.Butotherfruitcompaniesdevelopedsimilarpineapples.DelMonteturnedtolawforhelpbutfailed.ThosecompaniesarguedsuccessfullythatDelMonte’sattemptstokeepthegoldenpineappleforitselfwerejustawaytoknockthemoutofthemarket.60.Welearnfromthetextthatthenewtypeofpineappleis________.A.greenoutsideandsweetinsideB.good-lookingoutsideandsoftinsideC.yellowy-goldoutsideandhardinsideD.alittlesoftoutsideandsweetinside61.Whywasthenewtypeofpineapplesellingwell?A.Itwasrichinnutritionandtastednice.B.Itwaslesssweetandgoodforhealth.C.ItwasdevelopedbyDelMonte.D.Itwasusedasmedicine.62.TheunderlinedwordfixtureinParagraph3probablyreferstosomething________.A.thatpeopleenjoyeatingB.thatisalwayspresentC.thatisdifficulttogetD.thatpeopleuseasagift63.WelearnfromthelastparagraphthatDelMonte________.A.allowedothercompaniestodeveloppineapplesB.succeededinkeepingthepineappleforitselfC.triedhardtocontrolthepineapplemarketD.plannedtohelptheothercompanies

Sixchimps猩猩wereintroducedtoaslotmachinecalledtheChimp-O-Matwhichwouldgiveoutonegrapewhenawhitecoinwasinsertintotheslot.WhenDrWolfshowedayoungchimpnamedMooshowhecouldwinhimselfagrapebyinsertingacoinMoosimmediatelypickedupanothercoinpusheditintotheslotthenstuckouthispawandwaitedforagrapetodropout..Besideswhitecoinsthechimpsweregivenyellowcoinstoinsertintotheslotbutnothingcameoutbecausetheywereworthless.Thechimpssoonlearnedthisfact.WhenahandfulofwhiteandyellowcoinswerethrownintothecagehousingBulaBimbaandAlphathethreechimpsrushedforthewhitecoinsandnevertouchedtheyellowones.Nowthechimpsweremadlyinlovewithmoney.Wouldthesixchimpsvaluemoneyenoughtoworkforit?TofindtheanswerDrWolfedesignedaworkmachinE.ThechimpswereshownthatwhenalargehandlewasliftedtheycouldpickonegrapE.WhentheyhadlearnedtheskillofliftingthehandletogetthegrapeDrWolfmadeachangetothemachinessothatinsteadofthegrapetheywouldfindawhitecoin.ThiscoinwouldstillbuythemonegrapeattheChimp-O-Mat.Thusthecomplexityofgettingagrapewasnotonlydoubledbutalsothemoneytobuythegrapecouldbeachievedonlybyhonestwork.Thehandletheyhadtolifttogetthecoinweighedeightypounds.Greateffortisneededforayoungchimptoraisethatweightyettheformerlylazychimpsnotonlyquicklymasteredthenewoperationbutalsoshowedgreateagernesstoworkformoney.46.ThepurposeoftheChimp-O-Matexperimentwastodiscoverwhetherchimpswouldlearnto________.A.enjoythemselvesB.worktogetherC.usecoinsD.operateamachine47.Inthefirstpartoftheexperimentthechimpslearnedto__________.A.tellthedifferencebetweentheusefulandtheworthlesscoinsB.useyellowcoinstogetgrapesC.waitforthegrapestodropoutD.buygrapeswithcoins48.Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofthethingsachimpdidinthesecondpartoftheexperiment?A.gotawhitecoinB.gotagrapeC.liftedtheheavyhandleD.insertedacoinintotheChimp-O-MatA.cabdB.cadbC.abdcD.adcb49.Thepassageshowedthat_________.A.DrWolfewasdisappointedwithhisexperimentB.ThechimpscoulddoeverythingiftaughtC.ThechimpswerewillingtoworkifsomethingwaspaidbackD.Thechimp’sunderstandingwasasgoodasaman’s

【2011·辽宁锦州市质检二】D.Malariatheworld’smostwidespreadparasitic寄生虫引起的diseasekillsasmanyasthreemillionpeopleeveryyear—almostallofwhomareunderfiveverypoorandAfrican.Inmostyearsmorethanfivehundredmillioncasesofillnessresultfromthediseasealthoughexactnumbersaredifficulttoassessbecausemanypeopledon'torcan’tseekcarE.Itisnotunusualforafamilyearninglessthantwohundreddollarsayeartospendaquarterofitsincomeonmalariatreatmentandwhattheyoftengetnolongerworks.IncountrieslikeTanzaniaMozambiqueandtheGambianofamilyvillagehospitalorworkplacecanremainunaffectedforlong.Malariastartssuddenlywithviolentchillswhicharesoonfollowedbyanintensefeverandoftenheadaches.Astheparasitesmultiplytheytakeovertheentirebody.Malariaparasiteslivebyeatingtheredbloodcellstheyinfect.Theycanalsoattachthemselvestobloodvesselsinthebrain.Ifitdoesn’tkillyoumalariacanhappenagainandagainforyears.ThediseaseispassedontohumansbyfemalemosquitoesinfectedwithoneoffourspeciesofaparasitE.Togetherthemosquitoandtheparasitearethemostdeadlycoupleinthehistoryoftheearthandoneofthemostsuccessful.Malariahasfivethousandgenesanditsabilitytochangerapidlytodefenditselfandresistnewdrugshasmadeitnearlyimpossibletocontrol.Studiesshowthatmosquitoesarepassingonthevirusmorefrequentlyandtherearemoreoutbreaksincitieswithlargepopulations.Someofthedisease'sspreadisduetoglobalwarming.Fordecadesthefirst-choicetreatmentformalariaparasitesinAfricahasbeenchloroquineachemicalwhichisverycheapandeasytomakE.Unfortunatelyinmostpartsoftheworldmalariaparasiteshavebecomeresistanttoit.SuccessfulalternativesthathelppreventresistancearealreadyavailablebuttheyhavebeeninshortsupplyandareveryexpensivE.Ifthesedrugsshouldfailnobodyknowswhatwouldcomenext.67.Accordingtoparagraph1manypeopledon’tseekcarebecause________.A.theyaretoopoorB.itisunusualtoseekcareC.theycanremainunaffectedforlongD.therearetoomanypeoplesufferingfromthedisease68.Peoplesufferingfrommalaria________.A.havetokillfemalemosquitoesB.haveabilitytodefendparasitesC.havetheirredbloodcellsinfectedD.havesuddenfeverfollowedbychills69.Whichofthefollowingmaybethereasonforthewidespreadofthedisease?A.Itsresistancetoglobalwarming.B.Itsabilitytopassonthevirusfrequently.C.Itsoutbreaksincitieswithlargepopulations.D.Itsabilitytodefenditselfandresistnewdrugs.70.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.nodrugshavebeenfoundtotreatthediseaseB.thealternativetreatmentisnoteasilyavailabletomostpeopleC.malariahasdevelopeditsabilitytoresistparasitesD.nobodyknowswhatwillbethedrugtotreatthedisease

09·重庆C.篇Sportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnature.Howeverwhetheryouareonthemountainsinthewavesoronthegrasslandyoushouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment.Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golfasyoumayknoweatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountrysidebutalsotonsofwater.Besidesallsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses球场ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.ForexampleinthedryregionsofPortugalandSpaingolfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpursE.Simpleandfreepowerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularlyitwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxioussleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeupyoucanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbegreengyms.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoorsinthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofallit’sfreE.64.Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof?A.CyclingaroundalakE.B.Motorracinginthedesert.C.Playingbasketballinagym.D.Swimminginasportscenter.65.Whatdoweknowaboutgolffromthepassage?A.ItispopularinPortugalandSpain.B.ItcauseswatershortagesaroundtheworlD.C.Itpollutestheearthwithchemicalsandwastes.D.Itneedswaterandelectricitytokeepitscoursesgreen.66.Theauthorusespowerwalkingasanexamplemainlybecause______.A.itisanoutdoorsportB.itimprovesourhealthC.itusesfewerresourcesD.itisrecommendedbyexperts67.Theauthorwritesthepassageto_______.A.showusthefunctionofmajorsportsB.encourageustogoinforgreensportsC.discussthemajorinfluenceofpopularsportsD.introducedifferenttypesofenvironment-friendlysports

05·江苏D.篇Animalscanmovefromplacetoplacebutplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattackitcanrunawayorfightback..Plantscertainlycannotrunawayandtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexampletheleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines刺thatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach..Someplantssuchastheoaktreehavethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassesmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasseswearsdowntheanimal'steeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar毛虫bitesatobaccoleaftheleafproducesachemicalmessenger.ThismessengersendstotherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotinE.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.A.certainplantinChinaforinstancehasprickly多刺的leavesandeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom毒液A.singleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuturE.68.Thehollyplanthasmorespinesonthelowerleavesbecausemostanimals________.A.arenottallenoughB.likethelowerleavesonlyC.arenotcleverenoughD.cangetthelowerleaveseasily69.Todefendthemselvesoaktreesuse________.A.chemicalmeansB.physicalmeansC.bitterchemicalsD.sandymaterials70.Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A.Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B.Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C.ItsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattackeD.D.Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.71.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimalsB.HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC.AttacksandDefensesD.HowAnimalsEatPlantLeaves

09·湖南D.篇AndrewRitchieinventoroftheBromptonfoldingbicycleoncesaidthattheperfectportablebikewouldbelikeamagiccarpetYoucouldfolditupandputitintoyourpocketorhandbag.Thenhepaused:Butyou’llalwaysbelimitedbythesizeofthewheels.Andsofarnoonehasinventedafoldingwheel.Itwasarare—indeedunique—occasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright.A.19th-centuryinventorWilliamHenryJamesGroutdidinfactdesignafoldingwheel.HisbikepredictablynamedtheGroutPortablehadaframethatsplitintotwoandalargerwheelthatcouldbeseparatedintofourpieces.AllthebitsfittedintoGrout’sWonderfulBagaleathercasE.Grout’saim:tosolvetheproblemsofcarryingabikeonatrain.Nowdoesn’tthatsoundfamiliar?Groutintendedtofindawayofmakingabikesmallenoughfortraintravel:hisbikewasahugebeast.Andimportantlythedesignofearlybicyclesgavehimanadvantage:inGrout’sdaytyresweresolidwhichmadethebusinessofsplittingawheelintofourseparatepartsrelativelysimplE.Youcouldn’tdothesamewithawheelfittedwithaone-pieceinflated充气的tyrE.Soina21st-centurycontextistheideaofthefoldingwheeldead?Itisnot.A.BritishdesignengineerDuncanFitzsimonshasdevelopedawheelthatcanbesquashedintosomethinglikeaslenderellipse椭圆.ThroughoutthetyreremainsinflateD.WilltheyoungFitzsimons’sfoldingwheelmakeitintoproduction?Ihaven’tthefoggiestideA.Buthisinventivenessshowstwothings.Firstpeoplehavebeensayingformorethanacenturythatbikedesignhasreacheditslimitexceptforgradualadvances.It’sassillyaconceptnowasitwas100yearsago:there’splentystilltogofor.Seconditisinthefieldoffoldingbikesthatweareseeingthemostinterestinginventions.Youcanbuyafoldingbikeforlessthan£1000thatcanbeknockeddownsosmallthatitcanbecarriedonaplane—minuswheelsofcourse—ashandbaggagE.FoldingwheelswouldmakeallmannerofthingspossiblE.HaveweyetgotthemagiccarpetofAndrewRitchie’simagination?No.Butit’sprogress.69.WecaninferfromP.aragraph1thattheBromptonfoldingbike.A.wasportableB.hadafoldingwheelC.couldbeputinapocketD.lookedlikeamagiccarpet70.WecanlearnfromthetextthatthewheelsoftheGroutPortable.A.weredifficulttoseparateB.couldbesplitinto6piecesC.werefittedwithsolidtyresD.werehardtocarryonatrain71.WecanlearnfromthetextthatFitzsimons’sinvention.A.keptthetyreasawholepieceB.wasmadeintoproductionsoonC.leftlittleroomforimprovementD.changedourviewsonbagdesign72.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreefoldingbikeinventorsB.ThemakingofafoldingbikeC.ProgressinfoldingbikedesignD.Waysofseparatingabikewheel

ClimaticconditionsaredelicatelyadjustedtocompositionoftheEarth'satmospherE.Iftherewereachangeintheatmosphere―forexampleintherelativeamountsofatmosphericgases―theclimatewouldprobablychangealso.A.slightincreaseinwatervapor蒸汽forexamplewouldincreasetheheat-keepingcapacityoftheatmosphereandwouldleadtoariseinglobaltemperatures.ThelevelofcarbondioxideCO2intheatmospherehasanimportanteffectonclimaticchangE.MostoftheEarth'sincomingenergyisshort-wavelengthradiation短波辐射whichtendstopassthroughatmosphericCO2easily.TheEarthhoweverreradiatesmuchofthereceivedenergyaslong-wavelengthradiation长波辐射whichCO2absorbsandthengoestowardtheEarth.Thisphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffectcanresultinanincreaseinthesurfacetemperatureofaplanet.AnextremeexampleoftheeffectisshownbyVenusaplanetcoveredbyheavycloudscomposedmostlyofCO2whosesurfacetemperatureshavebeenmeasuredat430~C.IftheCO2contentoftheatmosphereisreducedthetemperaturefalls.AccordingtoonerespectabletheoryiftheatmosphericCO2concentrationwerehalvedtheEarthwouldbecomecompletelycoveredwithicE.AnotherequallyrespectabletheoryhoweverstatesthatahalvingoftheCO2concentrationwouldleadonlytoareductioninglobaltemperaturesof3℃.IfbecauseofanincreaseinforestfiresorvolcanicactivitytheCO2contentoftheatmosphereincreasedawarmerclimatewouldbeproduceD.PlantgrowthwhichreliedonboththewarmthandtheavailabilityofCO2wouldprobablyincreasE.AsaconsequenceplantwouldusemoreandmoreCO2.EventuallyCO2levelswoulddecreaseandtheclimateinturnwouldbecomecooler.Withreducedtemperaturesmanyplantswoulddie;CO2wouldthusbereturnedtotheatmosphereandgraduallythetemperaturewouldriseagain.Thusifthisprocessoccurredtheremightbealong-termoscillation波动intheamountofCO2presentintheatmospherewithregulartemperatureincreaseanddecreasE.SomeclimatologistsarguethattheburningoffossilfuelshasraisedthelevelofCO2intheatmosphereandhascausedaglobaltemperatureincreaseofatleast1℃.Butasupposedglobaltemperatureriseof1℃mayinrealitybeonlyseveralregionaltemperatureincreasesrestrictedtoareaswheretherearemanymeteorological气象的stations.OtherareasforexampletheSouthernHemisphereoceaniczonemaybeexperiencinganequaltemperaturedecreasethatisunrecognizedbecauseoftheshortageofmeteorologicalrecordingstations.51.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoestheinformationsuppliedinthispassagetrytoanswer?A.WhatarethestepsintheprocessthattakesplaceasCO2absorbslong-wavelengthradiation?B.Howmightourunderstandingofthegreenhouseeffectbeimprovediftheburningoffossilweredecreased?C.WhatmightcauseaseriesofregularincreasesanddecreasesintheamountofCO2intheatmosphere?D.WhyaretherefewermeteorologicalrecordingstationsintheSouthernHemisphereoceaniczonethanatmosphere?52.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.A.explainingtheeffectsthattheburningoffossilfuelsmighthaveonclimateB.explainingtheeffectsofCO2onatmosphericradiationC.discussingeffectsthatchangesintheCO2levelintheatmospheremighthaveonclimateD.challenginghypotheses假说abouttheeffectsofwatervaporandCO2onclimate53.ThepassagesuggeststhatalargedecreaseintheamountofCO2intheatmospherewouldresultin_________.A.atleastaslightdecreaseinglobaltemperaturesB.atthemostaslightincreaseinshort-wavelengthradiationreachingtheEarthC.aslightlong-termincreaseinglobaltemperaturesD.aslightshort-termincreaseinatmospherewatervaporcontent54.TheauthorreferstoVenusprimarilyinorderto_______.A.showthatthegreenhouseeffectworksonotherplanetsbutnotonEarthB.showthedegreetowhichEarth'satmospherediffersfromthatofVenusC.supporttheopinionthataswatervaporincreasestheamountofCO2increasesD.supporttheargumentthattheCO2levelintheatmospherehasasignificanteffectonclimate55.Thediscussionofclimateinthepassagesuggeststhat_________.A.climateisperfectlystableB.weareunableatpresenttomeasureglobaltemperaturechangesprecisely.C.theonlycauseofregionalclimaticfluctuations波动isthechangeinCO21evelintheatmosphereD.slightregionaltemperaturechangescanbeconsideredanabnormalfeature特征oftheenvironment

06·湖南C.篇Thecoyote丛林狼.thateleveranimalofwide-openspace.hascometothenation’scaptial.InfactcoyoteshavespreadtoeverycomeroftheUnitedStateschangingtheirbehaviorstofitnewenvioronmentsandcausingresearcherstodealwithatroublesomenewkindofcreature:thecitycoyotE.Thecoyoteoriginallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent.Oneofitsmostobviouscharactersisitssmartnesswhichhasmadetheanimalanotorious臭名昭著的pest.Hunterstrappedshotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1900s.It’sstilloneofAmerica’smosthuntedanimals.YetthecoyotehassurviveD.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?Iguessifyouwantedtouseonewordit’dbe‘plasticity’.saysErieGeseanexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealoninpairsorinlargepackslikewolveshuntatnightorduringthedayoccupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremilesandliveonallsortsoffoodfromlizards蜥蜴andshoestoantsandmelons.UnbelicvadlypeoplehelpcdcoyotesincreasewhentheykiltcdmostofthewolvesintheUnitedStates.Thesprcddingofcoyotesintocityareasthough.isrccent.Theytravelatnightcrossingsidcwalksandbridges.runningatongroadsandduckingintocuinerts钻入涵洞andunderpasscs.Nooneknowswhycoyotesaremavingintocities.butexpertsexplaihthatclevctermorehuman-tolerant不怕人的coyotesareteachingurbansurvivalskillstonewgenerations.Occasionally.coyotesmigheattackhumanbeings.Therehavebeenabout160attacksonpeoplcinreccntyearsThereforepeoplehavebccnconsistentlytoldnotfeedcoyotesorleavepctfoodunseeurcD.ThatplusalargetrappingprogramintheneighborhooD.hascurdownonthecoyotepopulation.63.TheunderlingedwordplasticityinParagraph2refersto____________.A.theabilitytofittheenvironmentB.notonoussmartnessC.huntingabilityD.beinghuman-tolerant64.Theaimofthepassageisto_____________.A.tellpcoplehowtofightagainstcoyotesB.telluswhythecoyoteisthemosthuntedanimalC.supplythereasonwhythecoyoteisakindofmotoriouspestD.explainhowthecoyotehasspreadtoandsurvivedincities65.Accordingtothepassagecoyote__________.A.originallylivedinthewestofthecontinentB.sleepdungthedaybutlookforfoodatnightC.areteachingsurvivalskillstotherryoungergenerationsD.sufferedapopulationdeereasebecausepcoplekilledwolves66.Accordingtothepassagetocutdowaonthecoyolcpopulation.peopleareadvisedto_______.A.leavepctfoodsecuredB.keepcoyotesinsmallregionsC.foreecoyotestolivealoneD.avondusingtrappingprograms

Washington―Thelargestozone臭氧holeeverobservedhasopenedupoverAntarcticaaccordingtothescientistsoftheUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASA.Theybelieveitisasignthatozone―destroyinggasesproducedyearsagoarejustnowcausingthelargestquantitiesofozonetodisappear.Thisyear’sSouthPoleozoneholespreadsoverabout28.5millionsquarekilometersanareathreetimeslargerthanthelandmassoftheUnitedStates.PicturesoftheholehavebeenofferedbyNASA.TheholeappearsasagiantbluemasstotallycoveringAntarcticaandstretchingtothesoutherntipofSouthAmericA.Thelasttimetheozoneholewasclosetothissizewasin1998whenitspreadoverabout27.2millionsquarekilometersNASAsaiD.PaulNewmanwhoworkswithNASA’sTotalOzoneMappingSpectrometerTOMSinstrumentonaNASAsatellitesaidozonewatchershadexpectedabigholethisyearbutnotthisbig.TheAntarcticaozoneholefirstobservedin1985iscausedbythedepletion损耗ofEarthprotectingozonebyhuman-madechemicalssuchaschlorofluorocarbonsknownasCFCs.Eventhoughthesechemicalswerenotallowedtousefromthebeginningof1987theyremainintheatmosphereandwillcontinuetodosoforyearsNewmansaiD.Thisyear’slargeholemayhavebeencausedbyachangeinaswirlinghigh-levelaircurrentoverAntarcticawhichcirclestheareaandcontainsthezoneholeNewmansaiD.56.Thetextismainlyabout____.A.thediscoveryofthelargestozoneholeB.thediscoveryoftheAntarcticaozoneholeC.thehistoryoftheAntarcticaozoneholeD.thesizeofthelargestozonehole57.Thetime1985wastalkedaboutinthetextbecauseitwaswhentheAntarcticaozonehole____.A.waswatchedbyNewmanB.wasfirstclosedC.disappearedD.wasfirstwatched58.ThereisagiantozoneholeoverAntarcticabecause____overtherE.A.human-madechemicalshaveprotectedozoneB.ozonehasprotectedtheearthC.human-madechemicalshavedestroyedozoneD.human-madechemicalshaveincreasedozone

SaveGrainCampaignLikeotherheavilypopulatednationsIndiaistryingtofindnewwaystoproducemorefoodtofeeditseverincreasingpopulation.ButoneofthemethodsIndiarecentlyhastakenisasoldastheUpanishads.It'scalledsimplystoringgrain.TodayinIndiatheyarecallingittheSaveGrainCampaignanditseemstobeworking.Byplanningaheadthecountryhasopenedmorelandandincreasedgrainproductionfrom51milliontonsin1995.Indiacannowdependonitsowngrainsupply.Toreducepost-harvestlossesestimatedat9.33percentofthenationoutputtheIndianMinistryofFoodhastakenseveralstepstoletmorepeopleknowmoreaboutscientificmethodsofgrainstoragE.TheSaveGrainCampaignapilotprogramin1965nowisgainingpopularity.Thereare17campaignofficesacrossIndia.Campaignworkersworkcloselywithprovincialgovernmentstoteachfarmersscientificmethodsofstoringfoodandpestcontrol.60.WhatdotheIndiandotohavemorefood?A.IncreaseitspopulationB.OpenmorefarmlandC.From17campaignofficesineveryprovinceD.Buymorefoodfromforeigncountries.61.TheSaveGrainCampaignisaprogram_____________A.popularsince1965B.popularsince1951C.widelyknownnowD.dealingwithpestcontrol62Iftherewerenopost-harvestlossesmaybethetotaloutputofgraininIndiawouldbe___________A.over9percentmoreB.51milliontonsC.192milliontonsD.243milliontons63.Thescientificmethodsofgrainstoragehavetobetaughtbecause______A.alotofgrainiswastedafterthecropharvestsB.alotofgrainiswastedduringthecropharvestsC.alotoffarmlandiswastedD.farmersknownothingabouttheSaveGrainCampaign

05·湖北D.篇ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesertseekingamillioninprizemoney.Towintheyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratallbecausethesevehiclesweremissingeakeypartdrivers.DARPAtheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyorganizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallengeasitwascalledjustprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremote远距离的control.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.Thewinneriftherewasanyreached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalongnarrowholeandthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.YougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthingssaysReinholdBehringerwhohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics.Evenants蚂蚁candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It’sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines.TheroboticvehiclesthoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidancehadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediatelySurethatveryyoungchildwhohasjustonlylearnedtowalkmaynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherfacebutshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere’sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetableandthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvancedevenmonthsoldthananymachinehumanshavedesigned.67.Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause.A.theydidnothaveanyhumanguidanceB.theroadwasnotfamiliartothedriversC.thedistancewastoolongforthevehiclesD.theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers68.DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto.A.raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehiclesB.pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustryC.trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesertD.improvethevehiclesforfuturewars69.Fromthepassageweknowroboticvehiclesareakindofmachinesthat.A.candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcanB.cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimitC.canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedownD.canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings70.Intheracethegreatestdistanceoneroboticvehiclecoveredwas.A.abouteightmilesB.sixmilesC.almosttwomilesD.aboutonemile71.Inthelastparagraphthewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo.A.foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficultiesB.foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetableC.foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolveD.foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface

SeveraltimesmydaughterhadtelephonedtosayMotheryoumustcometoseethedaffodils黄水仙beforetheyareoverIwantedtogobutitwasatwo－hourdrivefromLagunatoLakeArrowheaD.IwillcomenextTuesdayIpromisedalittlereluctantlyonherthirdcall.NextTuesdaydawnedcoldandrainy.StillIhadpromisedandsoIdrovetherE.WhenIfinallywalkedintoCarolyn'shouseandhuggedandgreetedmygrandchildren.IsaiD.ForgetthedaffodilsCarolyn!TheroadisinvisibleinthecloudsandfogandthereisnothingintheworldexceptyouandthesechildrenthatIwanttosee！MydaughtersmiledcalmlyandsaiD.Wedriveinthisallthetimemother.YouwillneverforgiveyourselfifyoumissthisexperiencE.AfterabouttwentyminutesweturnedontoasmallgravelroadandIsawasmallchurch.OnthefarsideofthechurchIsawahand－letteredsignthatread:DaffodilGarden.Wegotoutofthecarandeachtookachild'shanD.AndIfollowedCarolyndownthepath.Thenasweturnedacornerofthepath.andIlookedupandgaspeD.Beforemelaythemostglorioussight.Therewerefiveacresofflowers.ButwhohasdonethisIaskedCarolyn.It'sjustonewomanCarolynanswereD.That'sherhomE.Carolynpointedtoawell－keptA.－framehousethatlookedsmallandmodestinthemidstofallthatglory.WewalkeduptothehousE.Onthepatio露台wesawaposter.AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAskingwastheheadlinE.ThefirstanswerwasasimpleonE.50000bulbs球茎itreaD.ThesecondanswerwasOneatatimebyonewoman.ThethirdanswerwasBeganin1958.IthoughtofthiswomanwhomIhadnevermetwhomorethanfortyyearsbeforehadbegun—onebulbatatime—tobringthebeautyandjoytothemountaintop.6.Theauthordidn'tgotoseethedaffodilsatfirstbecause________.A.shewasnotinterestedinthemB.theyweregrowingonamountaintopC.theweatherwasnotgoodenoughD.itwasalongdrivetoherdaughter'shouse7.WhichofthefollowingBESTdescribestheauthor'sfeelingseeingthedaffodils?A.AmazeD.B.DisappointeD.C.ConfuseD.D.MoveD.8.WhatdoweknowaboutthewomanlivingintheA.－framehouse?A.ShemustbeoutofminD.B.SheactedasagardenerherE.C.Ittookhergreatdeterminationtogrowthedaffodils.D.Shewaspoorandmadeherlivingbysellingdaffodils.9.WhatwouldbetheBESTtitleofthepassage?A.A.WonderfulDaffodilGardenB.A.RemarkableWomanC.OneBulbataTimeD.ILoveDaffodils10.Whatcouldtheauthorprobablylearnfromthisexperience?A.Nothingistoodifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.B.Wemustputtheinterestsofothersaboveourown.C.Wecanchangetheworldthroughourownefforts.D.It'snevertoolatetolearn.

Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat.Warm-bloodeddesertanimalssuchasratsandmicerestduringthedayoftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.AtnighttheysearchforfooD.Animalsthatareoutduringthedaysuchascold-bloodedlizardsandsnakesareactiveonlyforshortperiods.Astheirbodytemperaturerisesthesereptilesmoveintotheshadeinordertocooldown.Intheearlyeveningwhenthesungrowsweakerthereptilesbecomemoreactiveandbegintheirsearchforfoodagain.Gettingenoughwatertosurviveisamajorproblemforalldesertanimals.Somedesertanimalssuchasthekangarooratandtherelatedjerboagetwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat.Becausetheseanimalseatmainlydryseedstheymustsurviveonatinyamountofwater.MostdesertshaveonlyasmallnumberoffrogsandtoadsbecausetheseanimalsmustbenearwatertosurvivE.Yeteventhesecreatureshaveadaptedtodesertconditions.Whensmallamountsofwatercollectintemporarystreamsthedesert-livingfrogsandtoadsbecomeactivE.Afterarainfalltheylaytheireggs.Theeggsgrowintotadpolesinafewdaysandintoadultsinjustfourweeks.WhenthepuddlesdryuptheadultfrogsortoadsdigintothegrounD.Theirmetabolism新陈代谢slowsandtheystaybeneaththegrounduntilthenextrainwhichmaybeasgoodasayearaway.UntilthentheirbodilyactivitiescontinueatareducedratE.Thecamel---oftencalledtheshipofthedesert---isoneofthemostsuccessfuldesertanimals.Camelscangoforlongperiodswithoutwaterbuteventuallytheymustdrink.Whenwaterbecomesavailabletothemafteralongdroughttheymaydrink95litersofwaterormorE.Whenwaterisnotavailablewhathelpscamelssurvivethedesertheatisthefatstoredintheirhumps.A.camel’shumpcontainsabout12kilogramsoffat.Fatisrichinhydrogen.Asthefatisdigestedhydrogenfromthefatcombineswithoxygenintheairthatthecamelbreathes.TheresultisH2Oorwater.Eachkilogramoffatthatacameldigestsproducesaboutaliterofwater.71.Desertanimalsareusuallymoreactiveatnightbecause______.A.itiscooleratnightB.itiseasiertofindwaterC.theylikethedarkD.theyarelesslikelytobeattackedatnight72.Whichofthefollowingdesertanimalscangetwateronlyfromthefood?A.ThecamelB.ThekangarooratC.Thefrog.D.Thetoad73.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthedesertanimalsrestduringtheday.B.Allthedesertanimalsdon’trestduringtheday.C.Cold-bloodeddesertanimalsdon’trestduringtheday.D.Noneofthecold-bloodeddesertanimalsgooutduringtheday.74.Thetitleforthispassagecouldprobablybe________.A.HotDesertsB.DesertAnimalsC.HowDesertAnimalsGetWaterD.WaysToEscapetheDesertHeat75.Theunderlinedwordburrowsinthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby_________.A.holesB.cavesC.roomsD.openings

吉林省实验中学2007届高三第四次模拟考试A.篇LONDON-Everyoneelsehasone!Lucydeclaredtoherparentstryingtogetamobilephoneasagiftfor14thbirthday.Herparentsgavein.CurioustoknowhowherdaughterwouldusethephoneJaneBidderthemotherfollowedLucytotheschoolbusinthemorning.Thebusseats20ofwhomhalfhaveamobilephonE.Oneringsandseveraladolescentownersfumblewiththeirbags.Manyparentshavejustcometorealizethatthemobilephoneisnolongerfortravelingbusinessmen—itisaslikelytobefoundinschoolbags.Themobilephoneseemstohavebecomesomethingessentialfortoday’steensinBritainaccordingtoasurveypublishedlastweekbyNOPaleadingmarketresearchcompanyinBritain.Researchfoundthat66percentof16–year–oldsnowhaveaccesstoamobilephonE.Themobilephonehasbeenturnedintoasecretmessagingservicebyteenusers.WhentheyaretalkingonthemobiletheirparentsarenotabletoeavesdroponthesecondlinE.Theinterviewwith2019youngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavorthetextmessagingservicebecausetheyofferasecretwayofkeepingintouch.Thedaysofsecretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout.Forexampleculmeansseeyoulater;lolmeanslaughoutloud’;and2niteistheabbreviationoftonight.AllthesearebasedonshorthandphrasesontheInternet.Manyschoolshavebannedstudentsusingmobilephones.Buttheyarenotverysuccessful.Stillphonesringintheclassanddisturbstudy.Besidespeopleareworriedaboutthehealthrisktokidsusingmobilephones.Scientistsbelievechildrenareespeciallyvulnerable易受伤的mobileradiation.41.ThestoryofLucyistoldtoshowus.A.Britishparentsalwaysmeettheirchildren’sneeds.B.Britishkidshavegoodrelationshipwiththeirparents.C.howBritishparentsacceptthetruthofteenagersowningamobilephonE.D.whyeverychildgetsamobilephoneasabirthdaypresentinUK42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Peopleworryabouttheharmtothekids’healthbyusingmobilephonE.B.Teenagerswanttohavetheirownsecret.C.LucydoesnotgetthemobilephoneshewantsD.Teenagersliketosendmessagestoeachother43.Theunderlinedwordeavesdropmeans.A.joininactivelyB.interruptrudelyC.watchcarefullyD.listensecretly44.Interviewsdiscoverchildrenliketosendmessagesinsteadof.A.callingeachotherB.writingtoeachotherC.playinggamesonlineD.greetingeachother

Whatifyouarrivedhometofindadelicioushotmealwaitingforyoupreparedbyyourveryownkitchenrobot?ItmightsoundlikesciencefictionbutprofessorsattheuniversityofTokyohavetakenthefirststepstowardmakingthatscenarioareality.Theteamrecentlyintroducedahumanoidkitchenrobotthatcanpourteaandotherdrinksintocupsandservethemtoguests.Whenteatimeisovertherobotcanalsowashthedishesandputthemaway.InCaliforniaanotherinterestingkitchenrobothasbeendeveloped.CalledtheReadybotitcanpickupobjectsandeitherstorethemincabinetsorputtheminthetrash.Italsocarriesaseparatefloor-cleaningrobotthatcanoperatebyitself.UnliketheJapaneserobotReadybotisnothumanoid.Insteaditlooksmorelikealargeboxwitharmsandwheels.ReadybotwascreatedbyengineersanddesignerswhoestablishedaclubcalledtheReadybotChallenge.Theybelievethatinthefuturemillionsofrobotswillbeneededinhomestoperformordinaryhouseholdtasks.Readybotisjustthefirststepintheirplantocreatearobotthatcantacklejobsnotonlyinkitchensbutinotherroomsofhomesandinofficesaswell.Clearlytherearetechnologicalhurdlestoovercomebeforerobotscancookacompletedinnerandtherearealsomanysafetyconcerns.Noteveryoneespeciallyparentswouldbecomfortablewiththeideaofrobotsintheirhousemanipulatinghotpansandsharpknives.TheEuropeanCommissionrecentlyfundedaprojecttostudytheseconcerns.56.WhatdoesthewriterimplyabouttheJapaneserobot?A.Itperformsfewerfunctionsthanreadybotcan.B.itlooksmorelikeapersonthanReadybotdoes.C.ItspeaksmorelanguagesthanReadybotdoes.D.Itcosts1esstomanufacturethanReadybotdoes.57.WheredotheengineersanddesignershopethatReadybotwilloperateinthefuture?A.OnspacecraftB.InautomobilesC.OnplaygroundsD.Atcompanies58.Whatdoesthewriterimplyaboutparents?A.Theyhaveshowntremendousinterestinkitchenrobots.B.Theydon’thavestrongopinionsaboutkitchenrobots.C.Theymightthinkthatkitchenrobotscouldbedangerous.D.Theycan’twaittobuykitchenrobotsfortheirhomes.59.AccordingtothewriterwhathastheEuropeanCommissiondonefortheproject?A.IthasbuiltfactoriesB.IthasprintedmanualsC.IthashiredworkersD.Ithasprovidedmoney

GUZhaodi60hadtakenwaterforgrantedforyears.InfactnooneinthebeautifullakecityofWuxiJiangsuProvincehadbotheredtospareathoughtonwater.Butallthatchangeddramaticallyovernightlastmonthwhentapsinthecityrandry.Duetoablue-greenalgae藻类outbreakinTaihuLakeChina’sthirdlargestfreshwaterlakeandthesourceofdrinkingwaterfor4millionWuxiresidents居民waterfromthecity’stapsbecamedarkandsmelly.Ican’tbelievethereisnowaterfordrinkingletalonecookingandwashingsaidＧu.Thelakewasblanketedwiththealgaegivingoffastrongsmellofrottingmeat.A.stonethrownintoittookalongtimetosink.Expertssaidthatalgaeusuallyboombecauseofhotwaterandrichchemicalslikephosphor磷inthewater.HightemperatureandalackofraininthepastfewmonthshelpedthegrowthofalgaesaidZhangLijunanofficialfromtheStateEnvironmentProtectionAdministration.Howeverpollutionfromhumanactivityshouldbemostblamedforthedisaster.TaihuLakeissurroundedbymanysmallfactorieswhichsprangupinthe1980s.Inthe1990smanyforeign-funded外资的companiesjoinedin.Theindustriesprospered繁荣WuxihasgrownintooneofthewealthiestcitiesinEastChinA.Butthatcameatthepriceofpollution.Thelakewastreatedlikeawastedump垃圾堆withfactoriesemptyingindustrialwasteanduntreatedsewage污水intoit.Althoughafterthegovernment'seffortlifeinthecityhasgonebacktonormaltheone-weekcrisis危机rangabellforthegovernmentandlocalpeoplE.It’stimetorebuildthebeautyofnatureorourliveswillbeatrisksaidGu.Asafeenvironmentcomesfirst.EconomicgrowthwillbenothingwithoutfreshwatertodrinkandcleanairtobreathE.saidChinaDaily.36.Thefollowingcanhelpthebluegreenalgaegrow______A.highwatertemperatureB.richchemicalsinthewaterC.alackofrainD.plentifulwaterandsunshine37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theone-weekdisasterhasmadethelocalpeoplerealizetheimportanceofbuildingabeautifulcity.B.ItishumanactivityratherthanthealgaethatistoblameforthewaterPollution.C.OnlywhentheenvironmentissafeandfriendlycanmanliveabetterandhealthierlifE.D.EnvironmentshouldbetakenintoconsiderationfirstifacityplanstodevelopitseconomiC.38.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whoistoblamemanoralgae?B.WaterturnedoffC.WaterpollutiontroubledWuxiD.AlgaethreatenedTaihuLake39.AccordingtothepassageTaihuLake________A.isthethirdlargestlakeinChina.B.issurroundedbymanyforeign-fundedfactoriesandcompanies.C.usedtobeawastedump.D.sufferedfromindustrialwasteuntreatedsewageandalgaE.40.Theunderlinedphrasesprangupinthesixthparagraphmeans______A.developquicklyB.producegoodsquicklyC.cometolifeD.growup

Womenwithanhourglassfigurehavebrainstogowiththeircurves曲线scientistsclaim.Goinginatthewaistissaidtobeasignofintelligencewhichleadstobrighterchildrentoo.WomensuchasNigellaLawsonwithabigdifferencebetweentheirwaistandhipmeasurementsscoredsingificantlybetterinteststhanthosewiththinnerstraighterframes.Researchersconcludedthatitwasnotnecessaryforawomantobeskinny―whatmatteredisthatherwaistshouldbesmallerthanherhips.A.ratioof3:5wasfoundtobeideal.ThestudybytheUniversitiesofPittsburghandCalifrniainvolved16000womenandgirls.AccordingtothescientiststheresultsarenomerequirkofnaturE.Theyclaimthatthefataroundcurvyhipsandthighs大腿holdshigherlevelsof-3fattyacidswhichareessentialforthegrowthofthebrainduringpregnancy怀孕.Thefatwhichcollectsaroundthewaisthoweverismorelikelytocontain-6fattyacidswhicharelesssuitedtobraingrowth.ReportinginthejournalEvolutionanHumanBehaviourtheresearchersfoundthatthechildrenofcurvymothersaremorelikelytodowellincognitiveteststhanothers.Theyclaimthatthiscouldhelpexplainwhythechildrenofteenagemothers―whomightnotyetbephysicallymatureenoughtohavedevelopedrealcurves―tendtodolesswellinschool.Aswellasboosting提升brainpower－3fattyacidsfoundinoilyfishareconsideredtobeofhugehealthbenefit.Althougthestudyanalysedwomen’sbodiesonly－3fattyacidsarealsostoredinmen’ships.Howeveritisnotknownwhethermenwithwidehipsbenefitfromthesamebrainpowerboost.72.Whichshowsthepossibleshapeofanhourglass?A.B.C.D.73.Supposethefollowingmeasurementsaretakenfromfourwomen.Whichofthemismorelikelytohavebrightchildren?A.Waist60cmHip100cmB.Waist60cmHip80cmC.Waist55cmHip60cmD.Waist120cmHip110cm74.Theunderlinedsentencetheresultsarenomerequirkofnaturepossiblytellsustheresults.A.canbeexplainedscientificallyB.arestrangeandhardtoexplainC.havejustcomeaboutbychanceD.areveryinteresting75.Accordingtotheresearchersteenagemotherstendtohavelessbrightchildrenbecause.A.theyaren’tsogoodatchildcareB.theyusuallyhavelessfatthanmaturewomenC.theyaren’tphysicallystrongenoughD.theirwaistandhipmeasurementsdifferless

Alzheimer'sdiseaseisamajornationalhealthproblem.Nearly2millionAmericansovertheageof65haveAlzheimer'sdiseasE.Itisaleadingcauseofdeathamongtheelderly.ButAlzheimer'sdiseaseisnotconfined限于totheageD.Theremaybeamillionormorepeopleundertheageof65sufferingfromthediseasE.Atonetimepeoplesufferingfromthediseaseweresaidtobegettingold.ThediseasewasthoughttobeanaturalpartofgrowingoldbutitisnowknownthatAlzheimer'sdiseasestrikesyoungandoldalikE.Itisanorganic器官的diseasethatdestroysbraincells.Alzheimer'sdiseaseaffectsthepatient'smemoryspeechandmovement.InthebeginningstagesofthediseasethepatientmayseemslightlyconfuseD.Hemayhavetroublespeaking.Thenthepatient'smemorybeginstofail.Hemayforgetdatestelephonenumbersnamesandplans.Asthediseaseprogressesthepatientmaynotrecognizefamilyandfriends.Thesesymptoms症状oftencauseterribleanxietyinthepatient.HemayfeellostandfrighteneD.Sometimesthepatientreactswithwildandbadbehavior.Inthelaststagesofthediseasethepatientmaynotbeabletotakecareofhimself.Hemayhavelosttheabilitytospeakandwalk.SomeofthescientiststhinkaviruscausesAlzheimer'sdiseasE.AtpresentthereisnocureforthediseasE.Buttherearewaystoslowitsprogress.ExerciseandphysicaltreatmentcanhelpthepatientsofthisdiseasE.49.Alzheimer'sdisease________.A.aterriblepartoftheagingprocessB.isanorganicdiseasethataffectsyoungandoldC.canbecuredbyphysicaltreatmentD.causeshighfever50.AllofthefollowingaresymptomsofAlzheimer'sdiseaseEXCEPT________.A.braindamageB.difficultyinspeakingC.lossofsightD.lossoftheabilitytowalk51.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingmaybeacauseofAlzheimer'sdisease?A.Poisonsproducedbythebrain.B.GettingolD.C.A.virus.D.LackofexercisE.52.TheprogressofAlzheimer'sdiseasecanbeslowedby________.A.operationB.achangeinenvironmentC.medicinesD.physicaltreatmentandexercise

Asglobalwarmingcontinuestobeamajorconcernforthefutureofourplanetpeoplearestartingtoturntogreenlivingpracticestohelpsaveitforfuturegenerations.Greenlivinginvolveseveryaspectofourdailylifefromdrivingtoworktomowing割草等ourlawns.Makingtheswitchtogreenlivingallatoncemightscaremostpeopleawayfromcarryingoutthoseearth-friendlychanges.Therearemanywaystoeaseintothispracticeandstillhelpsavetheearth’senvironment.Airpollutionisamajorproblemforsomecities.Alotofitcomesfromthefactoriesbutthat’snottheonlywaycontributingtoglobalwarming.Automobilesgiveoffafairamountofpollutant污染物intotheair.Whenyouhavealotofcarsdrivingaroundonthecitystreetsyou’remultiplyingtheamountsofpollutantbeingemitted发出byeachcarthat’sdestroyingourozone臭氧.Ifyouwanttosavetheenvironmentyoucanstartbyeithercarpoolingwalkingmoreinsteadofdrivingorevenpurchasinghybrid混合的modelsthatdon’tdoasmuchdamage.Thenlet’stakealookatyourhome.Whatkindsofbulbsareyouusing?Thestandardbulbsweuseonlycontributetohigherelectricitybillsandmorecarbondioxide.Ifyouswitchatleastsomeofyourstandardbulbswiththecompactfluorescent荧光bulbsyoucansavetheenvironmentwhilesavingonyourelectricbill.Recyclingisalsoanexcellentwaytosaveourenvironment.Trytobuyasmanyproductsasyoucanthatcanberecycled.Thelesstrashthathastobeburnedorburiedintooursoilthebetteroffourplanetwillbe.Thesesmallchangesmayseemthattheycouldn’thelpmuchfortheenvironmentbuttheycanhelptremendously.Everylittlebitwedoisamuch-neededsteptowardreserving保留naturalresourcesforourfuturegenerations.68.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwecanlearn.A.fewpeopleareconcernedabouttheenvironmentalproblemsB.moreandmorepeopleareinterestedingreenlivingpracticesC.whatgreen1ivingpracticesinmodernsocietyareD.greenlivingpracticesdon’thelpinourdailylife69.Mostpeoplewillbefrightenedif.A.theyareaskedtodosomethingtosavetheenvironmentB.theycan’tdrivetoworkanymoreC.theyarerequiredtoturntogreenlivingcompletelyatonceD.theyaremadetopayforthepollutiontheycause70.Inordertogiveofflessharmfulgasintotheairwecan.A.closeallthefactoriesthatmaycausepollutionB.limitthecarproductionC.forbidtoomanycarstoruninthestreetsD.choosethosecarswhichmaycausetheleastpollution71.Theauthorrecommendsrecyclableproductsbecause.A.theyaremadeingreenfactoriesB.theyarecheaperthanothergoodsC.theywillhelptoreducetrashontheearthD.theycanbeusedforaverylongtime

【2011·陕西西安中学适应性训练四】C.TerraformingEarth-formingotherplanetsalsoknownasplanetaryengineering行星工程seemslikeataskstillcenturiesawayformankindtoaccomplish.Howeveritisavigoroustopicthatattractsbothpopularandscientificinterest.Whyshouldthepossibilityofterraformingotherplanetsbestudiedwhenitmaybecenturiesbeforeweknowenoughtoevendecideifit’sagoodidea?Mankindisgettingmoreandmorehardfactsaboutotherplanets.TheatmosphereofVenushasbeenexplored;robotshavesurveyedthesurfaceofMars;MercuryJupiterandSaturnhavebeenstudiedbyspacecraft.Speculationshavebeenanswered;newquestionshavebeenraisedandenoughharddataisrightnowbecomingavailabletoallowustomakethefirstattemptofplanetaryengineering.InthepastpeoplewithexcellentideasaboutterraforminghavekeptthemtothemselvesorburiedtheminadeskdrawerbecausetheydidnotrealizethatanyoneelsewasinteresteD.Butnowawidecircleofpeoplehasbeguntodothiskindofwork.ForinstanceNASAfundedaprojectontransformingMars.Thereareseveralstrongreasonswhichdemandthatthepossibilitiesofterraformingbestudiedcarefully.Firstit’sanexcitingideaofapossiblefutureforhumanbeings.Suchthinkinghasavaluableroleinprovidingoptionsforourfuturedirections.Secondlythetechniquesofterraformingwillalsohelpcontemporarytechnologiesinweatherandclimatecontrol.ThirdlysuchstudymayassistusindetectinganypossibleexistenceofextraterrestrialintelligenceSETITheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence地外文明搜索andalien异己的civilizationsonotherplanets.Thoughthemissionisfarbeyondourreachatthemomentweshouldatleastkeepouroptionsopen.ThroughdebateandstudyonthissubjectthepossibilityofrebuildingotherplanetstomakethemsuitablehomesforpeoplemaycometruesomedayinthefuturE.54.Accordingtothecontextwhat’sthemeaningofthewordspeculationinparagraph2?A.TheactofdiscussingsomethingwithagroupofpeoplE.B.Theactofstudyingandresearching.C.Theactofguessingwithoutknowingallthefactsaboutsomething.D.Theactingofwritingletterstoacertainorganization.55.Whydidpeoplekeeptheideaofterraformingtothemselvesinthepast?A.TheythoughtnooneelsewouldshowinterestintheideA.B.Theygraduallycametofindtheideacrazy.C.TheythoughttheideawouldnevercometruE.D.TheyhadfewresourcesforfurtherstudyonthistopiC.56.WhichisNOTthereasontosupportthestudyofterraforming?A.Evenifwedon’tsucceedinterraformingsuchstudymayhelpustobetterunderstandtechnologiessuchasclimateandweathercontrol.B.Suchstudymayexploreanewdirectionofdevelopmentforhumanbeings.C.Suchstudymayenableustofindthelivesonotherplanets.D.AstheresourcesonEartharebeingdrainedit’sveryurgenttostudyhowtomigrate迁移tootherplanets.57.What’sthemainideaofthearticle?A.It’shighlypossiblethatterraformingotherplanetswillcometruesoweshouldincreaseinvestinginthisprogram.B.Eveniftheideaofterraformingotherplanetsmaytakecenturiestorealizewehavemanyreasonstosupportsuchstudies.C.Terraformingotherplanetsisthebestoptionforhumanbeing’sfuturE.D.Moreandmorepeoplearetakingplanetaryengineeringastheiroccupation.

浙江省慈溪中学2010届高三第二次月考C.PricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeuseD.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisacomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriad众多方面的ofservicesincludinglaborprofessionaltransportationandpublic-utilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthesystemofprices.ThepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroadcomplicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelsE.Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefinepricemanywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorserviceorinotherwordsthatpriceisthemoneyvaluesofaproductorserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionisofcoursevalidasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransactionmuchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamountbutwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchangedthetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemadetheformofmoneytobeusedthecredittermsanddiscountsthatapplytothetransactionguaranteesontheproductorservicedeliverytermsreturnprivilegesandotherfactors.Inotherwordsbothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotalpackagebeingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenpricE.69.AccordingtothefirstparagraphwhatmakesupthepricesystemoftheUS?A.Laborprofessionaltransportationandpublic-utility有益services.B.A.complexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughandsoldintheeconomyandalsothoseofamyriadofservices.C.AnyparticularproductorservicE.D.Todependonhowresourcesaretobeused.70.HowmanyfactorsaretheretodefinePrice?A.morethan7B.morethan8C.morethan9D.morethan1071.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Priceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproduct.B.Priceisthemoneyvalueofaproduct.C.Priceisnotonlyanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductorservicebuttheamountandqualityoftheproductandotherfactors.D.Priceistheasked-foramountofmoney.72.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowResourcesaretobeUseD.B.ThePriceSystemC.TheFactorsofPriceD.TheDefinitionofPrice

09·天津D.篇NexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffeE.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedteA.Thephysicalsensation感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions—thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.JudgingsomeonetobeeitherwarmorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapablE.MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationsparticularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmotherratherthanonemadeofwireevenwhenthewiremothercarriedafoodbottlE.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills.Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneBarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries.TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.A.researchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform:Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription.ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonA.aswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink.WearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh.51.AccordingtoParagraph1aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby______.A.thevisitorstohisofficeB.thepsychologylessonshehasC.hisphysicalfeelingofcoldnessD.thethingshehasboughtonline52.TheauthormentionsHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat______.A.adultsshoulddevelopsocialskillsB.babiesneedwarmphysicalcontactC.caregiversshouldbehealthyadultsD.monkeyshavesocialrelationships53.InBargh’sexperimentthestudentswereaskedto______.A.evaluatesomeone’spersonalityB.writedowntheirhypothesesC.filloutapersonalinformationformD.holdcoffeeandcolddrinkalternatively54.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.abstractthinkingdoesnotcomefromphysicalexperiencesB.feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessarestudiedworldwideC.physicaltemperatureaffectshowweseeothersD.capablepersonsareoftencoldtoothers55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingforBetterSocialRelationships.B.ExperimentsofPersonalityEvaluation.C.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabits.D.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions.

Whydoplantsgrowinsomeplacesandnotinothers?Whydoessomelandhavesomuchgrowingonitwhileotherlandhasalmostnoplantsgrowingonitatall?Togrowplantsneedseveralthings.Oneiswarmth.Inverycoldplacesalmostnothinggrows.Plantsalsoneedwater.InverydrypartsoftheEarthonlyafewunusualplantscangrow.That'swhydrydesertseverywherearealmostnotcoveredbytreesorgrass.Plantsmustalsohaveaplaceinwhichtoputdowntheirrootsandgrow.TheyfinditdifficulttogrowonhardlanD.ThetownisbuiltonhardlanD.Theplantsherehaveonlythesoilfoundbetweenthecracksofthestonestogrowin.AnotherthingplantsmusthavebeforetheycangrowisfooD.Whatwillhappenifwetrytomakethingsgrowonthesandybeach?A.fewplantssuchasbeachgrasswillgrowinsandbutmostplantswon't.Eveniftheweatheriswarmenoughandwewatertheplantseachdaymanyofthemwilldiebecausethesandonthisbeachhasalmostnofoodforplants.49.Accordingtothepassageplantsneedthingstogrowwell.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five50.Fromthepassagewecanknowitis______forplantstogrowindryplaces.A.easyB.difficultC.impossibleD.important51.Thereasonwhymostplantscan'tgrowonthesandybeachisthat.A.thereisn'tenoughsunlightB.thereistoomuchwaterC.itistoocrowdedthereD.ithaslittlefoodforplants52.Thepassagecanmostprobablybefoundinabook.A.scienceB.historyC.travelD.math

【2011·河北省南宫中学月考】E.Whydomendieearlierthanwomen?Thelatestresearchmakesitknownthatthereasoncouldbethatmen’sheartsgointorapiddeclinewhentheyreachmiddleagE.Thelargeststudyoftheeffectsofageingonthehearthasfoundthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartshardlylosetheirpumpingpowerwithagE.Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20---25percentbetween18and70yearsofagesaidtheheadofthestudyDavidGoldspinkofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcellsthatenableittobeat.Betweentheageof20and70one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmensaidGoldspink.Thisispartoftheageingprocess.Whatsurprisesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartseesverylittlelossofthesecells.A.healthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldperformalmostaswellasa20-year-oldone’s.Thisgender性别differencemightjustexplainwhywomenlivelongerthanmensaidGoldspink.Theystudiedmorethan250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof18and80focusingonhealthypersonstoremovetheconfusinginfluenceofdiseasE.TheteamhasyettofindwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemaleheartsaidGoldspink.ThegoodnewsisthatmencanimprovethehealthoftheirheartwithregularexercisE.GoldspinkstressedthatwomenalsoneedregularexercisetopreventtheirlegmusclesbecomingsmallerandweakerastheyagE.57.Theunderlinedwordlongevityinthesecondparagraphprobablyrefersto_________.A.healthB.longlifeC.ageingD.effect58.Thetextmainlytalksabout________.A.men’sheartcellsB.women’sageingprocessC.thegenderdifferenceD.heartsandlonglife59.AccordingtothetexttheUKscientistshaveknownthat_________.A.womenhavemorecellsthanmenwhentheyarebornB.womencanreplacethecellsthatenablethehearttobeatC.thefemaleheartlosesfewofthecellswithageD.womenneverlosetheirpumpingpowerwithage60.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thereasonwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemalehearthasbeenfoundoutB.scientistsareonthewaytofindingoutwhythemaleheartlosesmoreofthecellsC.theteamhasdonesomethingtopreventthemalefromsufferingthegreaterlossD.womenover70couldlosemoreheartcellsthanthoseattheageof20

2011·上海卷B.HumpbackwhalesQuickFactsSize:14m-18minlength;30-50tonsinweightLiving:OpenoceanandshallowcoastlinewatersEnvironment:Fromwarmtropical热带的waterswheretheybreedtocoldpolarwaterswheretheyeatDiet:ShellfishplantsandfishofsmallsizeHunting:Sometimesingroupsinwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthewaterblowingbubblesthatformanetaroundaschooloffish.Thefisharethenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.Currentstate;endangered;itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000-7500humpbackwhalesworldwideBlowholedorsalfinPectoralfinHumpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.ThisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressivemovementswhentheydivE.Thenamehumpbackwhichisthecommonnameforthiswhalereferstothetypicalcurveshapethewhale’sbackformsasitdives.Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovementknownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsofitsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.A.breachmightalsoincludeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewingsasthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.A.humpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceoftheWaterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthetopoftheheaD.Itblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metersabovethewater.Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownitsback.otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfinswhichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylengthanduniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:notwoarethesamE.Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughcomplexsongs.69.AccordingtoQuickFactsahumpbackwhale_____.A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshoreB.doesn’tliveinthesamewatersallthetimeC.livesmainlyonunderwaterplantsD.preferstworkalonewhenhuntingfood70.Tomakeabreachahumpbackwhalemust_____A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewaterB.twistitsbodysidewaystjumphighC.blowtwostreamsofwaterD.communicatewithagroupofhumpbacks71.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale________.A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonitstailflukesB.hasblackandwhitefingerprintsC.getsitsnamefromthewayithuntsD.isagreatperformerduetoitssongs

Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerfulproblemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouriMUresearchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmallerlighterandmoreefficient.Toprovideenoughpowerweneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity密度saidJaeKwonassistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.Theradioisotope放射性同位素batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbatterypresentlythesizeandthicknessofapennyintendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanicalsystemsM/NEMS.AlthoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcernsKwonsaidtheyaresafe.Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangeroushesaidHowevernuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevicessuchaspace-makersspacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssizebutalsoinitssemiconductor半导体.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergypartoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure晶体结构ofthesolidsemiconductorKwonsaidByusingaliquidsemiconductorwebelievewecanminimizethatproblem.TogetherwithJ..DavidRobertsonchemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactorKwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuturetheyhopetoincreasethebattery’spowershrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.67.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyused.C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.68.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructure.69.AccordingtoJaeKwonhisnuclearbattery_______.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentones.C.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest.70.Thetextismostprobablya________.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefiction

2011·江苏卷A.Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper雨刮器Shouldn’tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcleanthinkso.InfactMcleanaprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRangefeelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe’sdevelopedacourseonthetopiC.InadditiontolearningwhoinventedwhathoweverMcleanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothewhyandhowquestions.AccordingtoMcleanWhenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestionstheyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.Sojustwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?WellMaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoMewYorkCity.ThedaywascoldandstormybutAndersonstillwantedtoseethesightssoshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewinshieldshefoundhersefewonderingwhytherecouldn’tbeabuolt-indevicforcleaingthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirminghamAlabamaAndersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideasalever操作杆ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontralanarmontheoutsidebecamethefirstwindshieldwiper.TodaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovationsIt’shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan’strafficlight.It’sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett’sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisibleCanyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?56.Bymentionongtrafficlightandwindshieldwipertheauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare.A.beneficialbecausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficialthoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notusefulbecausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notusefulthoughtheirinventorsarefamous57.ProfessorJoanMcLean’scourseaimsto_____.A.addcolourandvarietytostudents’campuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper’sinventionC.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversityD.pre[arestudentstotrytheieowninvention58.TommyLee’sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas_________.A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerB.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperC.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormD.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean’slectures59.Which0fthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?AHowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?BHowtoDesignaBuilt-inDerviceforCleaningtheWindow?CShouldn’tWeKnowWhoInventdtheWindshieldWiper?DShouldn’tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?

Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuturein5000oreven50000yearsfromnow?WecanonlymakeguessesofcoursebutwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistodayformanisslowlychangingallthetimE.LetustakeanobviousexamplE.Manevenfivehundredyearsagowasshorterthanheistoday.Nowonaveragemenareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshortperiodoftimesowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Againinthemodemworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evensowestillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain'scapacity.Astimegoesonhoweverweshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmoreandeventuallyweshallneedlargerones!Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetoo:theheadinparticulartheforeheadwillgrowlarger.NowadaysoureyesareinconstantusE.Infactweusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoveraverylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman'seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhandwetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.Theseasaresultarelikelytogrowweaker.AtthesametimehoweverourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodemlifE.Butwhatabouthair?Thiswillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.InthefuturethenbothsexesarelikelytobebalD.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat!ThismaywellbetruE.Allthesameinspiteofallthesechangesfuturemanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeingwiththoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.62.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.A.man'slifewillbedifferentinthefutureB.whatwillmanlooklikeinthefutureC.manisgrowingtalleranduglierastimepassesD.human'sorgans'functionswillbecomeweak63.Thechangeinman'ssizeofforeheadwillprobablybebecause.A.hemakesuseonly20%ofthebrain'scapacityB.hisbrainhasgrownlargeroverthepastcenturiesC.theother80%ofhisbrainwillgrowinduetimeD.hewillusehisbrainmoreandmoreastimegoeson64.Whatwillbetrueaboutahumanbeinginthefuture?A.Hewillbehairlessbecausehairisnolongeruseful.B.Hewillhavesmallereyesandwillwearbetterglasses.C.Hisfingerswillgrowweakerbecausehewon'thavetomakeuseofthem.D.Hewillthinkandfeelinadifferentway.65.Itisimpliedthat.A.humanbeingswillbecomelessattractiveinthefuturE.B.lessuseofabodilyorgan器官mayleadtoitsdegeneration退化.C.humanbeingshopeforachangeinthefuturelifE.D.futurelifeisalwayspredictablE.

A.PopularityofScienceFictionB.A.FairlyNewDevelopmentC.ClassicsofScienceFictionD.DifficultyinKeepingaheadofScientificAdventureE.TheOriginofScienceFictionF.ThemesofModernScienceFiction80.Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichareusuallyclassifiedassciencefiction.HundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeoplE.Furthermoresomeofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeenbasedonsciencefictionstories.81.Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentinliteraturebutitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcernedwiththepresentationofsomeformofidealsocietyathemewhichisstilloftenfoundinmodernstories.82.Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefictionhoweverhavebeenwrittenwithinthelasthundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wellstomentionjusttwowell-knownauthorshavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.83.Modernsciencefictionwritersdon'twriteaboutmenfromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnicaldevelopmentsonsocietyandthehumanmind;orinimaginingfutureworldswhichareareflectionoftheworldwhichweliveinnow.Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.84.Inanagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefictionthewritersmayfinditdifficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.Thosewhoaresufficientlyclear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoinghowevermayprovideavaluablelessononhowtodealwiththeproblemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnology.

2011·浙江卷A.OneeveninginFebruary2007.astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultClioparkedacrossarailwaylinE.Secondlatershewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.Ceely'snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice导航仪.Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS.Butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.IputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrainshetoldtheBBC.Whoistoblamehere?RickStevensonwhotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUSfingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.WeputourfaithindigitaldeviceshesaysbutourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejoB.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit’snotjustGPSdevices:Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskeyboards.Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit’snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesdigitaltechnologywhiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.A.map-makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignalingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeCPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn’tsay.It’saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.InasectiononcarsStevensongivesanaccoutoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputer-basedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.HesaysthatonceonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliablE.Perhapsbutmaybeit’salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomecombinationofthesefactors.Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesiscomplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybewayawiseruseoftechnology.Ifthereissuchawayitshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines.Afterallwehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.41.WhatdidPaulaCeelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident?A.ShewasnotfamiliarwiththeroaD.B.Itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.C.Therailwayworksfailedtogivethesignal.D.HerGPSdevicedidn’ttellheraboutthecrossing42.Thephrasenearmissparagraph2canbestbereplacedby_______.A.closebitB.heavylossC.narrowescapeD.bigmistake43.WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith?A.Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan’tlivewithout.B.Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofoutexpectation.C.DigitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobE.D.GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCelery’saccident.44.Inthewriter’sopinionStevenson’sargumentis________.A.one-sidedB.reasonableC.puzzlingD.well-based45.Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle?A.Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.B.TherelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnologyC.TheshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweusE.D.Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.

ItwasadarkNovemberdayin1895.InalaboratoryattheroyalUniversityofWurzburginwesternGermanya50-year-oldphysicsprofessorWilhelmRoentgenperformedwhatlookedlikeatypeofmagiC.Heplacedaglassvacuum真空tubeinsideablackcardboardboxandappliedahigh-voltagecurrent__电流.Hesuddenlynoticedthatonabenchnearbyapieceofpapercoatedwithachemicalsubstancebegangivingoffanstrangelight.OverthefollowingtwoweeksRoentgenperformedaseriesofexperimentsthatprovedtheexistenceofaformofelectro-magnetic电磁的radiationhecalledX-rays.Hisastonishingdiscoveryhasledtoadeeperunderstandingofthephysicalworld----inparticulartothefieldofmedicaldiagnosis诊断.X-raysarewidelyusedinmedicinetomakeradiographsorX-rayspicturesofthebonesandinternalorgansofthebodytoseewhetherdiseasesexistsuchasbrokenbonesorlungdiseases.AradiographismadebypassinganX-raysbeamthroughapatient’sbodyontoapieceofphotographicfilm.Thebonestakesinmoreoftheraysthandomusclesorotherorganssothebonesthrowthesharpestshadowsonthefilm.Improvementsoverthepastcentury----fromfluoroscopy荧光透视法toCTscans----havemadeX-raystechnologyaninvaluabletoolofmedicinE.78.AtthebeginningofthepassageProf.WilhelmRoentgenwas_______.A.performinganentertainingprogramB.playingmagicC.doingsomeexperimentsD.Noneofabove79.WhenProf.Roentgenplacedaglassvacuumtubeinablackboxandappliedahigh-voltagecurrenthe_______.A.sawabenchnearbyB.noticedapieceofpaperonanearbybenchbegintoburnslowlyC.noticedapieceofpaperonanearbybenchbegintogiveoutstrangelightD.noticedapieceofpaperwascoatedwithachemicalsubstance80.Theboneshaveclearershadowonthephotographicfilmthandomusclesorotherorgansbecause______.A.thebonesareharderthanthemB.thebonescanhelpabsorbmoreraysthanthemC.thebonescanblockmoreraysthanthemD.X-rayscannotpassthroughthebones

06·辽宁B.篇UnlikemodernanimalscientistsdinosaurscientistscannotsitonahillsideandusetelescopestowatchdinosaursinordertoknowhowtheylivedandwhethertheyweregoodparentsInsteadtheyhavetosearchhardforinformationfromdinosaurs’fossils恐龙化石becausedinosaursdiedoutmillionsofyearsago.It’sverydifficultforthescientiststoreachanagreementbecausedifferentresultscanbegotfromthesamefossils.ManyfossilsofthesamekindofdinosaurshavebeendugoutfromoneplacE.Theymighthaveformedwhenanentiregroupofdinosaursgotstuck陷入allatonceortheymighthavebeentheresultofdinosaursgettingstuckoneafteranotheroveracourseofafewcenturies.ThuswecansaythatdinosaursmighthaveinthefirstcaselivedinbiggroupsandinthesecondlivedalonE.Thoughtherearetwodifferentresultsdinosaurscientistsnowgenerallyagreethatatleastsomekindsofdinosaurslivedinbiggroups.That’sprettymuchsettledatthispoint.saysPaulSereno.A.kindofdinosaurscalledSauropodsleftbehindtracksinthewesternUnitedStatesthatappeartorunnorthandsouthsuggestingthattheyevenmovedlongdistancestogether.Astowhetherdinosaurscaredfortheiryoungdinosaurscientistshaveturnedtotheclosestlivingrelativesofdinosaurs―birdsandcrocodiles―forpossiblemodels.Birdsgivealotofcaretotheiryoungwhilecrocodilesjusthelptheiryoungtothewater.ThediscoveredfossilsofdinosaurssittingontheirgeesandstayingwiththeiryoungsuggesttheparentsweretakingcareoftheirbabiesbutwestillcannotsaythatalldinosaursdidthesamE.ThereisstillalongwaytogobeforetheabovequestionscouldbeanswereD.Dinosaurscientistswillhavetofindmoreprooftoreachanagreement.60.Dinosaurscientistscangetinformationdirectlyby_______.A.studyingdinosaurfossilsB.examiningmodernanimalsC.watchingdinosaursD.usingtelescopes61.WhatisprettymuchsettledaccordingtoPaulSereno?A.HalfofthedinosaurslivedalonE.B.Mostdinosaursmovedlongdistances.C.Manydinosaurssettledinthenorth.D.Somedinosaurslivedinbiggroups.62.Dinosaurscientistscanprobablyknowwhetherdinosaursweregoodparentsby_______.A.watchingmanykindsofanimalsB.studyingdinosaurs’livingrelativesC.followingthetracksleftbehindD.workingondug-outdinosaureggs63.Whichofthefollowingtheaccordingtotheparagraph?A.Birdshardlyayattentiontotheiryoung.B.Babycrocodilescanlookafterthemselveswell.C.Somedinosaurstookcareoftheiryoung.D.Birdsandcrocodilestakegoodcareoftheiryoung.

2011·四川卷C.ThepoundnewLibraryofBirminghamLoBwillbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization数字化ofeverydaylifE.Settoopenin2013the£188mLoBisalreadybeginningtotaleshapenexttotheBirminghamRepertoryTheatrewithwhichitwillsharesomeequipment.Asdigitalmedia媒介isimportanttoitsidea.theprojectisalreadyprovidingchancesforsomeofthemanysmallnewlocalcompaniesworkingatthenewtechnologies.BrianGamblestheLoBprojectdirectorsaysitisaboutgivingpeopletherighttoolsforlearningTheaimistomixthephysicalwiththedigital.Providing24-hourserviceswhichcanbeusedthroughmanydifferentways.Itisimportanttoenableustoreachmorepeoplemoreeffectively.ThedigitallibrarywillhesaysbeasimportantasthephysicaloneallowingthedistantuseoftheservicesmakingsurethatitisneverclosedtothepubliC.EvenbeforetheLoBiscompletethepublichasbeenabletogoonlinetovisittheVirtual虚拟的LoBdesignedbyBadentheBirminghamvirtualworldsspecialists.NotonlyhavethepublicbeenabletolearnaboutLoBbutthevirtualonehasalsoenabledthoseworkingontheLoBtounderstandthebuildingandhowitwillworkbeforeitevenopens.TwoothersmallBirmingham-baseddigitalcompaniesareworkingontheLoBprojects.Substratadigitaldesigncompanyisdevelopingwhatitcallsanexampleofanenlargedrealityproject.ItisabouttheuseofanexcitingsmartphoneanimportantpartofthewhichistheearlystagesofdevelopmentisanonlinelibraryoffiguresofthecitybeingbuiltupbyacontentcompanyinCahootsinwhichuserswiththeencouragedtoaddtoandcommentonthematerial.Gamblessays:Technologywillenableustomakethelibrary’sandservicesopentocitizensasseverbeforE.49.TheunderlinepartitsideainParagraph3referstotheideaof____A.theequipmentB.theprojectC.thedigitalmediaD.thephysicallibrary50.WhilevisitingtheVirtualLoBthepubliccan_____A.getageneralideaoftheLoBB.meetmoreworld-famousexpertsC.learnhowtoputupalibrarybuildingD.understandhowthespecialistsworkontheproject51.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheLoBwhenitopens?A.ItoffersbetterlearningtoolsB.ItreachesusersindifferentwaysC.ItprovidesuserswithsmartphoneD.ItallowsuserstoenrichitsmaterialE.Itgivesnon-stopphysicalanddigitalservicesA.abdB.aceC.bcdD.bde52.Thisextmorefrom.A.aputbookB.alibraryguideC.ahandbookD.newspaperreport

Althoughmanhasknownasbestos石棉formanyhundredsofyearsitwasnotuntil160yearsagothatitwasminedforthefirsttimeontheNorthAmericancontinent.H.W.JohnsownerofaNewYorkCitySupplyShopforrooferswasresponsiblefor对负责theopeningofthatfirstminE.Mr.JohnswasgivenapieceofasbestoswhichhadbeenfoundinItaly.Heexperimentedwiththematerialandthenshoweditssurprisingpowerstohiscustomers.Afterputtingonapairofasbestosgloveswhichlookedmuchlikeordinaryworkgloveshetookred-hotcoalsfromthefireplaceandplayedwiththeminhishands.Howastonishedthecustomersweretodiscoverthathewasnotburnedatall.Youcanwellimaginethathehadincreasingbusinessinasbestosroofingmaterials.HoweverbecauseitwasveryexpensivetotransportcarrythemfromItalytotheUnitedStatesMr.JohnssentoutayoungscientisttoseekasourcenearerhomE.Thisyoungmanfoundgreatvein岩脉intheprovinceofQuebecinCanadA.Eversince1881Quebechasledtheworldintheproductionofthisunusualmineralwhichismadeupofmagnesiumsiliconironandoxygen.WhenitisminedtheasbestosisheavyjustasyouwouldexpectamineraltobE.Whenitisseparatedastrangethinghappens;therockbreaksdownintofinesoftsoapyfibres纤维.Scientistsdonotknowwhytherockcanbeseparatedeasilyintothreads线buttheyhavefoundthousandsofusersofthisfireproofmaterialoftheso-calledclothofstone.59.Whichtitlebestexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?A.AsbestosminedinCanadaB.FireproofmatterC.A.wondermineralD.A.newroofingmaterial60.Johnsprovedhisabilityasasalesmanby_______.A.goingintoroofingbusinessB.carryingasbestosfromItalyC.sendingatrainedscientistD.showingtheuseofasbestosgloves61.Whichisthemostimportantcharacterofasbestosthattheauthorwantstoshowus?A.ItislikethreaD.B.Itfeelssoapy.C.Itburnseasily.D.Itisunusuallyheavy.62Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassagewasto_______.A.showtheneedformorescientistsB.compareasbestoswithothermineralsC.increasethesalesofasbestosD.presentfactsaboutasbestos

It’snotallkangaroosdowntherePeoplejustnaturallyassociatekangarookoalaandfinebeacheswithAustralia.YesyoucanfindmanyfinesandbeacheswhiteorbrowntoenjoythesunshineandseasidebreezE.HoweverinQueenslandtheeasternstateofAustraliaanightbeachtouratthistimeoftheyearmaybringyouamoreexcitingsightofthemiracleoflife:Youcanwatchhatchingbabyturtlesmakingtheirfirststepsinanaturalenvironment.OnMonReposbeachabout14kilometreseastofcityofBundaberginQueenslandAustralialiesMonReposConservationPark.BydayMonReposbeachisasweepingbayofbrownsandaquietspotforpeopletosunbathesurfandfish.Bynightit’shometothelargestconcentrationofendangeredmarineturtlesontheeasternAustralianmainlanD.Andthemiracleofegglayingandhatchinghappensfromaroundmid-OctobertotheendofAprileveryyear.Inordernottodisturbtheturtlestouristshavetofollowtheinstructionoftheguides.Butthismaymakethetourmorelikeanadventure:Touristareusuallytoldtohuddle蜷缩closetogetherholdhandsandwalkclosetotheshorelineinthedark.AtthestartoftheseasonOctoberandNovembertouristscanviewturtlelayingtheireggs.Turtlesfirstuseallfourflippers鳍状肢todigabodypit坑inthesandandthenlayeggsinit.It’snotuncommonforaturtletolaymorethan100eggsatatimE.Andhermissionisn’tdoneuntilsheusesherflipperstoflicksandandcoverthenest.IfyougothereattheendoftheseasonMarchtoAprilyoucanseegroupsofhatchingswalkdowntothewater.ItisanastonishingsightasthesmallcreaturesbarelytwominutesoldraceinstinctivelytotheseaIftheysurvivethesamehatchingswillreturnin50years’timetolayeggsontheverybeachwheretheyfirstemerged出现.60.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.A.recommendthereaderstohaveaholidayinAustraliaB.givethereadersanideaofthedifferentsceneriesofAustraliaC.showthatAustraliahasavarietyofanimals.D.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicofthisarticlE.61.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.turtlecanusuallylay100eggsatatimE.B.It’squitedangerousforthetouristtowatchtheturtlesatnightbytheseashorE.C.Turtlesusuallylayeggswhentheyare50yearsofagE.D.IfyougotothebeachinOctoberyoucanseeturtleslayeggs.62.Theunderlinedwordinthepassageprobablyrefersto______.A.theprocessofhatchingB.themotherturtlesC.theendofhatchingD.newly-bornturtles63.Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectrelationshipofthethreeplaces?M=MonReposConservationPark;Q=Queensland;B=Bundaberg

05·福建C.篇WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditissteamywarmdampandthick.Butifyouhadbeenaround15000yearsagoduringthelasticeagewouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30yearsscientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsliketheAmazonmighthavereacted反应tothecolddryclimatesoftheiceagesbutuntilnownoonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonnesofCO2eachyear;equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttofutureclimatechange?IfitgetsdrierwillitstillsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.UnfortunatelygettingintotheAmazonrainforestandcollectinginformationareverydifficult.Tostudypastclimatescientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollenkeptinlakemuds.Goingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdeepdownintolakesediments沉淀物whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpathsorplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforestbutthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscompletelyunsampled未取样.SofaronlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonrainforestreactstoclimatechangE.64.Theunderlinedphrasemoppingupinthesecondparagraphmeans.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout65.HowwilltheAmazonrainforestreacttofutureclimatechange?A.It’llgetdrierandcontinuetoremoveCO2.B.It’llremainsteamywarmdampandthick.C.It’llgetwarmerandthencolderanddrier.D.Thereisnoexactansweruptopresent.66.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.It’simportanttodrilldeepdownintolakesedimentstocollectinformation.B.It’simpossibletoprovehowclimatechangesintheAmazonrainforest.C.It’shardtocollectinformationforstudiesofthepastclimateintheAmazonrainforest.D.It’snecessarytohavespecializedequipmentandmachinerytostudythepastclimatE.67.Thebesttitleforthispassagemayprobablybe.A.StudiesoftheAmazonB.ClimatesoftheAmazonC.SecretsoftheRainforestsD.ChangesoftheRainforests

TheInternethasledtoahugeincreaseincredit-cardfrauD.YourcardinformationcouldevenbeforsaleinanillegalwebsitE.WebsitesofferingcheapgoodsandservicesshouldberegardedwithcarE.On-lineshopperswhoentertheircredit-cardinformationmayneverreceivethegoodstheythoughttheybought.Thethievesthengoshoppingwithyourcardnumber—orselltheinformationovertheInternet.Computershackershavebrokendownsecuritysystemsraisingquestionsaboutthesafetyofcardholderinformation.Severalmonthsago25000customersofCDUniverseanon-linemusicretailer零售商werenotlucky.Theirnamesaddressesandcredit-cardnumberswerepostedonaWebsiteaftertheretailerrefusedtopayUS$157828togetbacktheinformation.Credit-cardfirmsarenowfightingagainston-linefrauD.MasterCardisworkingonplansforWeb—onlycreditcardwithalowercreditlimit.Thecardcouldbeusedonlyforshoppingon-linE.HoweverthereareafewsimplestepsyoucantaketokeepfrombeingcheateD.Askaboutyourcredit-cardfirm’son-linerules:UnderBritishlawcardholdershavetopaythefirstUS$78ofanyfraudulent欺骗性的spending.Andshoponlyatsecuresites;Sendyourcredit-cardinformationonlyiftheWebsiteoffersadvancedsecuresystem.Ifthesecurityisinplacealetterwillappearinthebottomright-handcornerofyourscreen.TheWebsiteaddressmayalsostarthttps://—theextrasstandsforsecurE.Ifindoubtgiveyourcredit-cardinformationoverthetelephonE.Keepyourpasswordsafe:Moston-linesitesrequireausernameandpasswordbeforeplacinganorder.TreatyourpasswordswithcarE.45.WhatdomostpeopleworryabouttheInternetaccordingtothispassage?A.Manystolencredit-cardsweresoldontheInternet.B.ToomuchfraudontheInternet.C.ManyWebsitesaredestroyeD.D.ManyillegalWebsitesareontheInternet.46.Whatisthemeaningoffraudinthepassage?A.Cheating.B.SalE.C.Payment.D.Safety.47.Howcanthethievesgettheinformationofthecreditcard?A.Thecustomersgivethemtheinformation.B.ThethievesstealtheinformationfromWebsites.C.Thecustomersselltheinformationtothem.D.Thethievesbuytheinformationfromcredit-cardfirms.48.Youareshoppingonthesite:http://www.Shopping.comandyouwanttobuyaTVsetwhatdoesthisarticlesuggesttodo?A.OrdertheTVsetatoncE.B.DonotbuytheTVsetonthissitE.C.E-mailthesiteyourcredit-cardinformation.D.TellthesiteyourpasswordandbuytheTVsetforyou.

NOTallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares.NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapillwhichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.ThepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperiencE.Theyhopeitmightreduceorpossiblyerase抹去theeffectofpainfulmemories.InNovemberexpertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.SofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereducednotthatthememoriesareeraseD.Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadideawhileotherssupportit.Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmarE.TheyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotionssaidRogerPitmanaprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.:Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatchangingmemoriesisverydangerousbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity特质.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.AllofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhowearE.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesoutsaidRebeccaDresseramedicalethicist53.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.anewmedicalinventionB.anewresearchonthepillC.awayoferasingpainfulmemoriesD.anargumentabouttheresearchonthepill54.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan.A.causethebraintofixmemoriesB.stoppeoplerememberingbadexperiencesC.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicalsD.wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories55.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepillsB.thepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiencesC.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealthD.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica56.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?A.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.B.Peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.D.Thepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.

TopreventthedesertscomingnearChinahasplantedbillionsoftrees---toreplacedestroyedforestsandasbarriersagainstthesanD.Thisisn’tacurethoughsayexpertsasthirstytreescanmaketheproblemworsebytakingingroundwater.Plantingtressisonewaybutitisn’tthatsimplE.Itdoesn’tsolvethebasicissueofwaterresourcessaysWuBoaprofessor.Weneedtocalculatehowmuchwaterthetreeswillabsorborelseitcouldhaveanegativeeffect.VillagersinZhengxinhavetakenonthischallengewithlimitedsuccess.WhentheirrigationchannelsbegantorundryLuXianglinswitchedfromwheattocottononhislanD.Healsoplantedtreestoprotecthisfieldsfromsandstorms.Hesayshestillgetsgoodyieldsusingfloodirrigationandearnsagoodincomeforhisfamily.Otherfarmershaven’tstuckitout:AboutoneinthreehaveleftZhengxininthepast10yearsaftertheirwheatcropsdieD.Youngpeoplewhocanfindjobsinthetownsrarelyreturn.LastweekMrLujoinedtheothermeninhisvillageonagovernment-arrangedtriptoseethelandthathasbeensetasidefortheirrelocationnearly40milestothesouth.Thenextdayhewasbackshakinghisheadattheplan.Theideaofuprootinghisfamilytroubleshimasdoestheideaofgivingupthelandthatfedhisforefathers.Hepreferstostayandkeepupthefight.WithenoughwaterthisproblemcanbesolvedLusays.Wecanplanttreesandgrassandtheywillgrowbigger.Thatwillstopthedesert.Expertssaythatfarmerscouldswitchtodripirrigationtolessentheirwaterintakeforgrowingcrops.Elsewhereintheregionfarmershavebuiltbrickgreenhousesaspartofaplantogrowvegetablesusinglesswater.RoadsidesignsurgefarmerstoSaveWaterProtecttheEnvironment.49.Thenegativeeffectofplantingtreesindesertsisthat__________.A.itcanmakegroundwaterbecomelessB.itcanpreventthesandmovingfreelyC.itcanstopcropsgrowingwellD.itcangetthesoiltobecomepoor50.WhydidMrLuNOTaccepttheideaofrelocation?A.Becausetheplanofrelocationwillcosthimmuchmoney.B.Becausehisfamilyhadtroublemovingaway.C.BecausehewasreluctanttogiveuphislanD.D.Becausehewouldratherstaythanfightagainstthedeserts.51.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thedesertsdrivemoreandmorepeopletoleavetheirhomesfortheirlives.BPeoplehavenomeanstofightagainstthelandbecomingdesertC.Wateristhebiggestbarrierforpeopletostopthedesert.D.Plantingtreescannotsolvetheproblemofdesertificationoffarmland52.Whatadviceisgivenbyexpertstosavewater?A.ToplantmoretreesB.TobuildgreenhousesC.TochangecropsD.Tousedripirrigation.

安徽省马鞍山二中2009届高三第四次模拟考试C.篇ScientistssayCalifornia'sspeciallandscapesarechanginggraduallyastheworldgetswarmer.Nowwithanewgenerationofcomputermodelsthey'retryingtomakeclearwhatthosechangeswillbe:Lesssnow?Morewildfires?Feweranimals?Thenewcomputermodelsallowscientiststodividethestateintomuchsmallerregionsthaneverbefore------justthirty-sixsquaremiles.TheseregionalmodelsgivescientistsawayofdrapingclimateoverCalifornia'scomplexlandscapE.Scientistswanttounderstandhowwarmingwillaffectthestate'speopleitseconomyandthethousandsofspeciesthatonlyliveinCaliforniA.TheState'sClimateActionTeamhasorganizedameetinglastmonthinLosAngelesontheeconomiceffectsofthesetargets.Californiastartedtheonlystate-runclimateresearchprogramthreeyearsagoandisspendingabout$5millionayearonit.Thegoaloftheresearchistolimittheimpactofsuchchanges.CaliforniaispartofaninternationallyrecognizedhotspotofbiodiversitythatextendsnorthacrosstheOregonborderandsouthintoBajaCaliforniA.It'shometo4426speciesofplantsnearlyhalfofwhicharefoundnowhereelsE.WhathappensinCaliforniacouldhavebroadinfluencE.IfCaliforniawereanationitwouldbethefifth-biggesteconomyintheworldandthe12th-biggestgeneratorofgreenhousegases.Scientistsarealsolookingbeyondthegreenhouseeffect.Forinstanceurbandevelopmentwarmsclimate;citiesgiveoffmoreheatthannaturalareas.Citiesalsoabsorbmoreheatfromthesun.Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheatislandeffect.65.Thewriterintendstotellreaders.A.studiesonthefuturewildlifeinCaliforniabycomputerB.predictingthefutureeconomyofCaliforniacausedbygettingwarmerC.aprogrammetostudythefutureofCaliforniacarriedbytheCaliforniagovernmentD.researchonthefutureeffectonCaliforniacausedbygettingwarmerbyhightechnology66.Theunderlinedwordgeneratorinthe6thparagraphprobablyhasthesamemeaningas.A.producerB.destroyerC.suffererD.supporter67.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouturbanheatislandeffectphenomenaiswrong?.A.citiesabsorbmoreheatfromthesunB.citiesgiveoffmoreheatthannaturalareasC.warmingaffectsplantsandanimalsD.urbandevelopmentwarmsclimate68.Therearemorethantwothousandspeciesofplants.A.thatexistonlyinthisareaB.thatwillbeharmedbythechangingweatherC.thatwillsurviveinthisareaD.thatwilldieoutinfuture

10·江苏D.篇ImagineonedaygettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhoursandthenafterafulldayofworkgoingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere.Soundsunusualdoesn'tit?Butit'snotthatunrealisticwiththedevelopmentofChina’shigh—speedrailwaysystem.Andthat’snota11.Chinahasanevengreaterhigh—speedrailwayplan—toconnectthecountrywithSoutheastAsiaandeventuallyEasternEurope.Chinaisnegotiatingtoextenditsownhigh·-speedrailwaynetworktoupto17countriesin10to15yearseventuallyreachingLondonandSingapore.Chinahasproposedthreesuchprojects.ThefirstwouldpossiblyconnectKunmingwithSingaporeviaVietnamandMalaysia.AnothercouldstartinUrumqiandgothroughKazakhstanandUzbekistanandpossiblytoGermany.ThethirdwouldstartinthenortheastandgonorththroughRussiaandthenintoWesternEurope.IfChina’splanforthehigh-speedrailwaygoesforwardpeoplecouldzipoverfromLondontoBeilinginundertwodays.ThenewsystemwouldstillfollowChina’shigh—speedrailwaystandard.Andthetrainswouldbeabletogo346kilometersanhouralmostasfastassomeairplanes.China’sbullettrain高速客车theoneconnectingWuhantoGuangzhoualreadyhastheWorld’sfastestaveragespeed.Itcovers1069kilometersinaboutthreehours.Ofcoursetherearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome.Therearesomanyissuesthatneedtobesettledsuchassafetyrailgauge轨距maintenanceofrailwaytracks.Soit’simportanttopayattentiontoeverydetail.Butthekeyissueisreallymoney.Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion.Chinaprefersthattheothercountriespayinnaturalresourcesratherthanwithcapitalinvestment.ResourcesfromthosecountriescouldstreamintoChinatosustaindevelopment.It’11beawin-winproject.Forothercountriestherailwaynetworkwilldefinitelycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusinesstourismandsoonnottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountnes.ForChinasuchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresourcesbutwouldalsohelpdevelopChina’sfarwest.Weforeseethatinthecomingdecadesmillionsofpeoplewillmigratetothewesternregionswherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused.Withhigh-speedtrainspeoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewestonceandfora11.Andthey’11tradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries.

ThefirstMP4playerwasbornyearsago.Soonmanymusicfanswerewonderinghowfantasticitis!IfyouhavebeenintotechnologyenoughperhapsyoumayhaveaknowledgeoftheMP4.IfnotyoudoneedtoknowsomethingbeforebuyingoneevenifyouarefamiliarwithMP3.MP3istheCD-likediscwithgreatercapacity.HowaboutMP4?ThissmalldigitalproductwillreallyenrichthejoyfromlisteningtomusiC.Youcanevenfeelthetouchofmusictoyoursoul!NowsomesimilardigitalproductsadvertisedasMP4playersaresimplyMP3playerswhichdonotplayvideoandMPEGformat格式andalsolackotherparticularfunctions.TheseproductsconfusesomebuyersastheymaythinktheMP4playerssimplymeantheycandomorethanMP3.WhatisMP4?!Itisamultimediacontainer.Itisnotonlyusedtostoredigitalaudio音频anddigitalvideostreamsespeciallythoseofMPEGbutcanalsobeusedtostoreotherdatasuchassubtitles字幕andpictures.AsamostmoderncontainerformatitallowsstreamingovertheInternet.WiththehelpofapieceofMP4videoequipmentyoucanchangevariousprogramssuchasMPEGtoMP4ASXtoMP4AVItoMP4andsoonwhichcanbedoneveryquicklyandeasilywithoutanyeffectonthesoundquality.Byinstalling安装DVD-MP4softwareyoucantransferparticularmusicfromaDVDtoanMP4videofilE.ItreallyexcitesyourlisteningmusicexperiencE.ThenthereisMP4advancedandyoucansetyourowncollectionofalltheprograms―TVshowsgamesandmusiC.Youcanevenseemovieswhicharestillrunningincinemas.Whatelsedigitalproductcouldyoupossiblyaskfor?57.Itissuggestedherethatyoushould________beforebuyinganMP4playerA.firstbeamusicfanB.haveaknowledgeofMP4C.getfamiliarwithMP3D.buyaCD-likedisc58.FromthepassagewecanseethatMP4is________MP3.A.muchbiggerthanB.justasadvancedasC.notsoparticularasD.morefunctionalthan59.WhichfunctionofMP4isNOTdirectlymentionedinthispassage?A.Storingdigitalaudioandvideostreams.B.Recordingsomemoviesincinemas.C.PlayingTVshowsgamesandmovies.D.TransferringparticularmusicfromaDVD.60.Fromthelastsentenceit’sclearthatthewritertriestotellusitis_______.A.reasonabletobuyotherdigitalproductsB.impossibletobuysomethingelseC.averywisechoicetobuyanMP4D.anexcitingexperiencetobuyanMP3

Thestereotype固有观念ofcomputerscientistsasnerdswhostayupallnightcodingandhavenosociallifemaybedrivingwomenawayfromthefieldaccordingtoanewstudypublishedthismonth.ThisstereotypecanbebroughttomindbasedonlyontheappearanceoftheenvironmentinaclassroomoranofficE.Whenpeoplethinkofcomputersciencetheimagethatimmediatelypopsintomanyoftheirmindsisaboutthecomputergeek怪人surroundedbysuchthingsascomputergamessciencefictionandjunkfoodsaidSapnaCheryanauniversityofWashingtonassistantprofessorofpsychologyandthestudy'sleadauthor.Thatstereotypedoesn'tappealtomanywomenwhodon'tliketheportraitofmasculinity男性化.Cheryansetupfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan250femaleandmalestudentswhowerenotstudyingcomputersciencetolookatpossiblereasonswhytheproportionofwomeninthefieldisdroppingwhiletheproportionofwomeninsuchdisciplinesasbiologymathematicsandchemistryisincreasing.InthefirstexperimentstudentsenteredasmallclassroomthateithercontainedobjectsstereotypicallyassociatedwithcomputersciencesuchasStarTrekpostersvideogameboxesandCokecansornon－stereotypicalitemssuchasnaturepostersartadictionaryandcoffeecups.Thestudentsweretoldtoignoretheseobjectsbecausetheroomwasbeingsharedwithanotherclass.Afterspendingseveralmomentsintheclassroomthestudentsfilledoutquestionnaires调查问卷thataskedabouttheirattitudetowardcomputersciencE.Womenexposedtothestereotypicalsetupexpressedlessinterestincomputersciencethanthosewhosawthenon－stereotypicalobjects.MenplacedinthesamesituationsdidnotshowasimilardropininterestincomputersciencE.Cheryansaidthisstudysuggeststhatastudent'schoiceofclassesoramajorcanbeinfluencedbytheappearanceofclassroomshallsandoffices.6.TheunderlinedwordnerdsinParagraph1probablyrefersto________.A.dullpersonsB.activepersonsC.intelligentpersonsD.funnypersons7.Womenarelesslikelytochoosecomputersciencebecause________.A.itistoodifficultforthemB.theyhavewrongunderstandingofitC.thelifestyleofcomputerscientiststurnsthemawayD.theydon'tlikethesociallifeofcomputerscientists8.A.womanwouldprobablyloseinterestincomputersciencewhensheseesa________.A.StarTrekposterB.natureposterC.dictionaryD.coffeecup9.Whatcaninfluenceawoman'schoiceofclassesaccordingtothepassage?A.ThecontentsofcomputersciencE.B.Thespaceintheclassroom.C.Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroom.D.Theclassroomenvironment.10.Accordingtotheexperimentwomenaremorelikelytochoosecomputerscienceif________.A.itismademorelivelyandinterestingB.theyareexposedtothestereotypicalsetupC.theyseethenon－stereotypicalobjectsintheclassroomD.theyareallowedtolearnitwithoutmen

2011·陕西卷D.Eversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990sgenticallymondifiedGM转基因foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesinthewordmainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwouldisitthebestsolutiorr?DespitewhatitpromiisesGMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycorp.InfactStudiesshowthatthemostcrownGMcroo.GMsoybeanshassufferedreducedproductivity.ForinstanceareportthananalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmojorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.SomethingelsehoweverhasbeenontheriseWhileGMseedsareexpensiveGMcompanicstellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides杀虫剂.OnthecontraryUSgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.ButnetheristruesaidBillChristisonPresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.AtthesametimetheauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproductionbutbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhiletheriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfoodaccordingtoa2008WorldBankreport.AsamatteroffactscientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworlD.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhungerbecausebetterwaysoutareavailableamongwhichgreenfarmingissupposedtobethefirstchoicE.57.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.【】A.byclassificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess58.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordboostinthethirdparagraphprobablymean?【】A.Control.B.EvaluateC.Obtain.D.IncreasE.59.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom______________.【】A.practicinggreenfarmingB.useoflesschemicalsC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel60.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?【】A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.DisapprovingD.Casual

06·上海B.篇Nervoussuspects嫌疑犯lockedupinBritain’snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowColouronthedoor.IftheyareclosetoconfessingacrimetheblueonthewallmighttipthebalancE.GwentPolicehaveabandonedcolourssuchasgreysandbrownsofthe20th-centurypolicecell牢房andhaveusedcolourpsychologytodecoratethem.YstradMynachstationwhichrecentlyopenedatacostof￡5millionhasfourcellswithglassdoorsforprisonerswhosufferfromclaustrophobia幽闭__症Designershavepaintedtheframesyellowwhichresearcherssayisacalmingcolour.Othercellscontainaroyalbluelinebecausepsychologistsbelievethatthecolourislikelytoencouragetruthfulness.Thestationhas31cellsincluding12withalivescansystemfordrunkenordisturbedprisonerswhichdetectstheriseandfalloftheirchest.Analarmalertsofficersifaprisoner’sbreathingstopsandcarriesonringinguntilthedoorisopeneD.Designersandpsychologistshaveworkedforyearsoncolour.Blueissaidtosuggesttrustefficiencydutylogiccoolnessthinkingandcalm.Italsosuggestscoldnessandunfriendliness.Itisthoughtthatstrongblueswillstimulateclearthoughtandlightersoftcolourswillcalmthemindandaidconcentration.Yellowislinkedwithconfidenceself-respectandfriendlinessGetthecolourwronganditcouldcausefeardepressionandanxietybuttherightyellowcanliftspiritsandself-respect.IngridCollinsapsychologistwhospecializesintheeffectsofcoloursaidthatcolourwasanenergyforceShesaid:BluedoesenhancecommunicationbutIamnotsureitwouldenhancetruthfulcommunication.YellowshesaidaffectedtheminD.RedontheotherhandshouldneverbeconsideredbecauseitcouldincreaseaggressionMrsCollinspraisedthedesignersforusingcoloursinthecellsGwentisnotthefirstBritishforcetoexperimentwithcolourtocalmdownorpersuadeprisonerstoco-operateInthe1990sStrathclydePoliceusedpinkincellsbasedonresearchcarriedoutbytheUSNavy.69.Theexpressiontipthebalanceinparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalanceB.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimesC.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourtD.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours70.WhichofthefollowingcoloursshouldNOTbeusedincellsaccordingtomepassage?A.Pink.B.YellowC.BluE.D.ReD.71.Whichofthefollowinghelpsalertofficersifsomeonestopsbreathing?A.Scanningequipment.B.Royalbluelines.C.Glassdoors.D.Yellowframes.72.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.A.therelationshipbetweencoloursandpsychologyB.acomparisonofdifferentfunctionsofcoloursC.theuseofcoloursincellstoaffectcriminals’psychologyD.scientificwaystohelpcriminalsreformthemselvesinprison

09·辽宁C.篇AvolcaniceruptioninIcelandhassentashacrossnorthernEuropE.AirlineshavestoppedorchangedtheflightsacrosstheAtlanticOceanleavinghundredsofpassengersstuckinairports.GrirmsvomisoneofthelargestandmostactivevolcanoesinEuropE.WhatmakesGrimsvomdifferentisthatitliesunderahugeglacier冰川oficeupto12matersthick.Thehotvolcanoheatsuptheiceaboveitwhichthenformsalayer层ofwaterbetweentheglacierandthevolcanoThislayerofwaterputspressureonthevolcanokeepingitstableAsthewaterflowsoutfromundertheglacierthepressurelifts.Thelava岩浆fromthevolcanothencomesuptothesurfacE.Thisisexactlywhathappenedtoday.Nowairlineshavetomakechangestotheirflightssoasnottoflythroughthecloudsofvolcanicash.AccordingtoKLM.oneofEurope’sbiggestairlinesairplanescannotgounderthecloudoroverit.Goingthroughthecloudcanresultinashgettingstuckintheairplane’senginescausingdamagetotheplanE.TheeruptionhasalsocausedproblemsforanimalsinIcelanD.Thevolcanoleftashandsharp.Glass-likerocksalloverthecountrysidE.Farmersarekeepingtheiranimalsinsidetostopthemfromeatingash-coveredgrasstothesharpobject.64.WhatmakesGrimsvomdifferentfromothervolcanoes?A.ItisbelowicE.B.ItliesundertheseaC.ItisthelargestvolcanoD.Itislavaaffectstheairlines65.WhatkeepsGrimsvotnstill?A.TheslowflowofwaterB.ThelowwatertemperatureC.ThethickglacierD.Thewaterpressure66.Whichofthefollowingistheresultofthevolcaniceruption?A.PeoplestoptravelinginEuropeB.AirlinessufferfromthelossofplanesC.ItbecomesdangerousforanimalstoeatoutsideD.Farmershavelostmanyoftheiranimals67.Thistextismostprobablytakenfrom_A.aresearchpaperB.anewspaperreportC.aclasspresentationD.ageographytextbook.

Formostofhistoryscientistsandmankindingeneralconsideredplantstobepassiveorganismsjustwithnoreasonormeansofcommunicatingwithoneanother.Butnewresearchhasrevealedthatmanyplantsactually‘chat’quiteabitovertheirownnetworkswhichmayalsoindicatethatyourauntisn’tquiteascrazyasyouthought.Youknowtheonethattalkstoherpetunias矮牵牛花andexpectsananswer.Infactmanyplantsforminternal内部的communicationnetworksandareabletoexchangeinformationefficiently.Theseconnectionsenabletheplantstoshareinformationviainternalchannelsinamannerverysimilartocomputernetworks.Sowhatkindofthingsdoplantstelleachother?ResearcherJosefStueferfoundthatonepurposeforplantshavingtheirownchatsystemsistowarneachother.Heandhiscolleagueswerethefirsttoprovethatclover三叶草plantsdoindeedwarneachotherviathesenetworklinksifenemiesarenearby.Forexampleifoneoftheplantsisattackedbycaterpillars毛虫itwillwarntheothermembersofthenetworkviaaninternalsignal.Afterreceivingawarningtheotherplantswillstrengthentheirprotectivechemicalandmechanicalresistancesothattheyarelessattractivetoadvancingcaterpillars.Thisearlywarningsystemallowstheplantstostayonestepaheadoftheirenemies.Experimentalresearchhasrevealedthatthiscommunicationsignificantlylimitsthedamagetotheplants.ItisalsoknownthatplantshavefamilyvalueswithnewresearchrevealingtheyhavetheabilitytorecognizecloserelativesinordertohelpeachothersurvivE.Researchfoundplantsfromthesamespeciesofbeach-dwellingwildflowersforexamplegrewaggressively侵略地alongsideunrelatedneighborsbutwerelesscompetitivewhentheysharedsoilwiththeirsiblings.Someresearchersthinkthatplantsmustcommunicatethroughtheirrootsidentifyingthemselvesusingtinychemicalsignaturesspecifictoeachplant’sfamily.Theresearchshowsthatourcurrentconceptofplantsisprobablyapoorreflectionofreality.Scientistsareeagertodiscoverinwhatwaysandtowhatextentplantscommunicatewitheachother.64.Yourauntismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoindicatethat______.A.plantsareveryimportanttopeopleB.plantshavetheabilitytocommunicateC.peoplecancommunicatewithplantsD.plantsareconsideredtobepassiveorganisms665.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatcloverplantsthatreceiveawarningprotectthemselvesagainstenemies______.A.byfightingenemiestogetherB.byhidingthemselvesfromenemiesC.byattackingenemieswithchemicalsD.bymakingthemselvestasteunpleasant66.TheunderlinedwordsiblingsinParagraph4refersto______.A.unrelatedneighborsB.familyvaluesC.closerelativesD.wildflowers67.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Manyplantsareconnectedbyinternalchannels.B.Differentplantsformacommunicationnetwork.C.PlantstendtolookforinformationtheyneeD.D.Allplantsshareinformationwitheachother.68.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe______.A.ExistenceintheGreenKingdomB.CompetitionintheGreenKingdomC.CommunicationwithGreenPlantsD.CommunicationoftheGreenKingdom

Letusbeginbysayingwhatcausesourdreams.OurdreamsdonotcomefromanotherworlD.Theyarenotmessagesfromsomeoutsidesource.Theyarenotalookintothefutureeither.Allourdreamshavesomethingtodowithourfeelingsfearslongingswishesneedsandmemories.IfapersonishungryortiredorcoldhisdreamsmayincludeafeelingofthiskinD.Ifthecoversonyourbodysuchasaquiltorablankethaveslippedoffyourbedyoumaydreamthatyouaresleepingoniceorinsnow.Thematerialforthedreamyouwillhavetonightislikelytocomefromtheexperienceyouhavetoday.SothesubjectofyourdreamusuallycomesfromsomethingthathaseffectonyouwhileyouaresleepingfeelingofcoldanoiseadiscomfortetC.anditmayalsouseyourpastexperiencesandthewishesandtheinterestsyouhavenow.Thisiswhychildrenarelikelytodreamoffairiesolderchildrenofschoolexaminationshungrypeopleoffoodhome-sicksoldiersoftheirfamiliesandprisonersoffreedom.Toshowyouhowthisishappeningwhileyouareasleepandhowyourneedsandwishescanallbejoinedtogetherinadreamhereisthestoryoftheexperiment.A.manwasasleepandthebackofhishandwasrubbedwithapieceofsoftcotton.Hewoulddreamhewasinhospitalandhischarminggirlfriendwasvisitinghimsittingonthebedandfeelinggentlyhishands!Therearesomescientistswhohavemadeaspecialstudyofwhywedreamwhatwedreamandwhatthosedreamsmean.Theirexplanationofdreamsthoughabitreasonableisnotacceptedbyeveryonebutitoffersaninterestingapproachtotheproblem.TheybelievethatdreamsaremostlyexpressionsofwishesthatdidnotcometruE.Inotherwordsdreamingisawayofhavingyourwishescarriedout.46.Fromthepassageweknowthatourdreams.A.areimaginationofourdailylifeB.areman’scuriouslookintothefutureC.havenothingtodowithourfeelingsD.aretosomedegreeconnectedwithourfeelings47.Inyourdreamwhenyoufeellikeeatingsomethingitindicates暗示that.A.youareinastateofbeingcoldB.youareinastateofbeingtiredC.youareinastateofhungerD.youshouldhavehadyourdinnerthatday48.Olderchildrenoftendreamofexaminationsprobablybecause.A.theyareinterestedinexamsB.theyareoftenworriedabouttheirstudiesC.theyhopeforbetterlifeD.theyshowmuchinterestintheirstudies49.Somescientists’explanationofdreams.A.isnotwidelyacceptedthoughabitreasonableB.givesanexactdescriptionofourlifeC.providesuswithinformationofdreamsD.isofnouseforus

10·山东D.篇Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerfulproblemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouriMUresearchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmallerlighterandmoreefficient.Toprovideenoughpowerweneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity密度saidJaeKwonassistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.Theradioisotope放射性同位素batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbatterypresentlythesizeandthicknessofapennyintendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystemsM/NEMS.AlthoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcernsKwonsaidtheyaresafE.Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangeroushesaidHowevernuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevicessuchaspace-makersspacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssizebutalsoinitssemiconductor半导体.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergypartoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure晶体结构ofthesolidsemiconductorKwonsaidByusingaliquidsemiconductorwebelievewecanminimizethatproblem.TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertsonchemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactorKwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuturetheyhopetoincreasethebattery’spowershrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.71.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.C.HeisworkingonanuclearenergysourcE.D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.72.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplieD.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyuseD.C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.73.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructurE.74.AccordingtoJaeKwonhisnuclearbattery_______.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentones.C.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest.75.Thetextismostprobablya________.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefictionstory

ItisnotalwayseasytounderstandinventionsandnewdevelopmentsinsciencE.Tounderstandfiberoptics光纤howeveryoucantryanexperiment.Putadroportwoofmilkintotheglassofwater.Turnoffthelights.Shinethelightfromyourflashlight手电筒throughthetopoftheglassatanangle角度ofabout45degrees.Putapieceofwhitepaperagainsttheglasswhenthebeam光束oflightisshining.Movethepapersoyoucanseewherethebeamiscomingoutoftheglass.Youshouldseeaspotoflight.Someofthelighthaspassedthroughthewaterandthroughtheglass.Youseeitonthepaper.Youalsoseeanotherbeamgoingdownintotheglass.Itisbeingreflecteddownintotheglass.Nextmovetheflashlightsothatthebeamiscomingstraighterdown30degreesintothewater.Youwillseethesamephenomenon:someofthelightisreflectedbackintotheglass.Andsomeescapesout.Nowmovethebeamoflightfromtheflashlightslowlyupuntilyoucannotseeanylightescaping.Thispointiscalledthepointoftotalinternalreflection.ThewordinternalmeansinsidE.Allthelightisstayinginsidetheglass.Thereisnobeamshowingabrightspotonthewhitepaper.Allthelightenergyisinsidetheglass.Theglassofmilkywaterislikeastrand线ofglass.A.fiberoptictubeisabundleoflongthinstrandsofglassreallymanytubes.Howevertheprinciple原理isthesame:atacertainangleallthelightenergythatgoesintotheglassfibercomesouttheotherenD.Lightisenergy.Soundisenergy.Radiowavesandelectricityarebothenergy.Theycanallbechangedintolightandaslighttheycanalltravelalongaglassfiber.Lighttravelsattherateof186000milesperseconD.Thereforeamessagecantravelthatfastinaglassfiber.Thisistheprincipleorlawofnaturethatmakesfiberopticswork.59.Whichfigureshowsthelaststepoftheexperiment?60.Thepurposeoftheexperimentistotellus.A.howfastlighttravelsB.howfiberopticsworksC.howlighttravelsinaglassofwaterD.howfiberopticshelpsmankind61.IntheexperimentmakesthebiggestdifferencE.A.theangelatwhichtoshinethelightfromtheflashlightB.theamountofwaterintheglassofmilkC.thenumberofdropsofmilktopourintotheglassofwaterD.thesizeoftheholethroughwhichtoshinelightfromtheflashlight62.Thelaststepistoprove.A.nobeamisshownonthewhitepaperB.nolightcanbenoticedinsidetheglassC.noreflectioncanbeseenD.noenergyiswasted63.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.ExperimentofLightTravelB.PrinciplesofFiberOpticsC.CommunicationonFiberOpticsD.TheoryofLightTravel

08·天津C.篇MichaelFishmaysoonbereplacedasaweatherforecasterbysomethingtrulyfishier—theshark鲨鱼.ResearchbyaBritishbiologystudentsuggeststhatsharkscouldbeusedtopredictstorms.LaurenSmith24isclosetocompletingherstudyonshark’sabilitytosensepressurE.Ifherstudiesprovethetheoryscientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather.MissSmithhadpreviouslystudiedthebehaviouroflemonsharksintheBahamas.ShethenusedtheircloserelativeslesserspotteddogfishforfurtherresearchatAberdeenUniversity.Herwork—thoughttobethefirstofitskindtotestthepressuretheory—resultedfromtheobservationthatjuvenileblacktipsharksoffFloridamovedintodeeperwateraheadofaviolentstormin2001.MissSmithsaid:I’vealwaysbeencrazyabouttravelinganddivingandthisledmetoaninterestinsharks.IwasdelightedtohavebeenabletoresearchintheareaformydegreE.Iknowthere’ssomuchmoreweneedtounderstand—butitcertainlyopensthewaytomoreresearch.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatasharksensespressureusinghaircellsinitsbalancesystem.AttheBiminiSharkLabintheBahamasMissSmithfixedhi-techsensorstosharkstorecordpressureandtemperaturewhilealsotrackingthemusingGPSGlobalPositioningSystemtechnology.InAberdeenshewasabletostudytheeffectsoftidal潮汐的andtemperaturechangesondogfish—noneofwhichwereharmeD.Shealsousedaspeciallabwhichcanmimic模拟oceanicpressurechangescausedbyweatherfronts.Sheisduetocompleteherstudyandgraduatelaterthisyear.Shesaysshewillbelookingforajobwhichwillgiveherthechancetoenrichherexperienceofsharkresearch.44.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom_____.A.ashort-storycollectionB.apopularsciencemagazineC.aresearchpaperD.apersonaldiary45.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfourparagraphsofthepassage?A.Sharksmaybeusedtopredictbadweather.B.Sharks’behaviourcanbecontrolleD.C.MichaelFishisnotqualifiedforhisjoB.D.LaurenSmithwillbecomeaweatherforecaster.46.LaurenSmithconductedherresearchby_______.A.removinghaircellsfromashark’sbalancesystemB.measuringtheairpressureofweatherfrontsC.recordingsharks’bodytemperatureD.monitoringsharks’reactiontoweatherchanges47.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.A.popularwayofforecastingweather.B.A.newresearcheffortinpredictingstorms.C.Biologists’interestinthesecretsofsharks.D.LaurenSmith’sdevotiontoscientificresearch.

08·辽宁D.篇FarfromthelandofAntarctica南极洲ahugeshelfoficemeetstheocean.AttheundersideoftheshelftherelivesasmallfishtheAntarcticcoD.Forfortyyearsscientistshavebeencuriousaboutthatfish.Howdoesitlivewheremostfishwouldfreezetodeath?Itmusthavesomesecrets.TheAntarcticisnotacomfortableplacetoworkandresearchhasbeenslow.Nowitseemswehaveananswer.Researchwasbegunbycuttingholesintheiceandcatchingthefish.Scientistsstudiedthefish’sbloodandmeasureditsfreezingpoint.Thefishweretakenfromseawaterthathadatemperatureof-1.88℃andmanytinypiecesoficefloatinginit.Thebloodofthefishdidnotbegintofreezeuntilitstemperaturewasloweredto-2.05℃.Thatsmalldifferenceisenoughforthefishtoliveatthefreezingtemperatureoftheice-saltmixturE.Thescientists’nextresearchjobwasclear:Findoutwhatinthefish’sbloodkeptitfromfreezing.Theirsearchledtosomereallystrangethingsmadeupofaprotein蛋白质neverbeforeseeninthebloodofafish.WhenitwasremovedthebloodfrozeatseawatertemperaturE.Whenitwasputbackthebloodagainhaditsantifreezequalityandaloweredfreezingpoint.Studyshowedthatitisanunusualkindofprotein.Ithasmanysmallsugarmolecules分子heldinspecialpositionswithineachbigproteinmoleculE.Becauseofitssugarcontentitiscalledaglycoprotein.SoithascometobecalledtheantifreezefishglycoproteinorAFGP.68.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheterribleconditionsintheAntarctiC.B.A.specialfishlivinginfreezingwaters.C.TheiceshelfaroundAntarcticA.D.ProtectionoftheAntarcticcoD.69.WhycantheAntarcticcodliveatthefreezingtemperature?A.Theseawaterhasatemperatureof-1.88℃.B.Itlovestoliveintheice-saltmixturE.C.A.specialproteinkeepsitfromfreezing.D.Itsbloodhasatemperaturelowerthan-2.05℃.70.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph5referto?A.A.typeofice-saltmixturE.B.A.newlyfoundprotein.C.FishblooD.D.SugarmoleculE.71.Whatdoesglyco-intheunderlinedwordglycoproteininthelastparagraphmean?A.Sugar.B.IcE.C.BlooD.D.MoleculE.

ScientistsbelievethatconditionsonMarsaround3.8billionyearsagowereverysimilartothoseoftheearlyearthwhenprimitiveorganismswerespreadingthroughouroceans.AtthattimeMarswouldhavebeenmuchwarmerandwetterthanitistodaywithanatmospherecomposedmainlyofcarbondioxidejustlikethatoftheearthatthetimE.UndertheseconditionsitishighlyprobablethatlifemayhavearisenonMarsaswell.ButeveniflifedidnotarisenaturallyonMarsitdoesnotmeanthatitcouldnothaveexistedtherE.AccordingtoProfessorPaulDaviesoftheUniversityofAdelaideAustralialifeformscouldhavebeentransferredbetweentheearthandMarsinwreckagebrokepiecescreatedbytheimpactofcomet彗星andsmallplanetsonthesurfaceofthetwoplanets.Eventodayabout500tonsofmaterialfromMarslandsoneartheveryyear.Itismainlyintheformofthedustbutoccasionallyalargerchunk厚片大块strikestheearth.In1911apieceofMartianrockcrashedinEgyptkillingadog.AccordingtoprofessorDaviesitisinthesechunksofrockwhichweremuchlargerandmorefrequentinthepastthatlifeformscouldhavebeentransportedfromplanettoplanet.Buthowcouldtheselifeformshavesurvivedtheirjourneythroughspace?SaysPaulDaviesThedifficultyinbelievingthistheoryisthatabacteriumonitsowninspacehastostruggleitselfnotonlyagainstcoldbutalsoagainstdeadlycosmic宇宙的radiation.Butwrappedinarockthesituationisdifferent.A.rocktenmetersacrosswouldshieldlifeinsideitfromalotofradiationandthetemperaturemightonlybeminus10or20degreesthesortofthingwehaveonearth.73.Wheredosomescientistssupposelifeprobablycomefrom?回答不超过6个单词74.WhatdoesProfessorPaulDaviesbelieve?回答不超过6个单词75.Whycouldlifesurvivewhentransferredfromoneplanettoanother?回答不超过12个单词

07·福建E.篇Dogswag摇摆theirtailsindifferentdirectionsdependingonwhethertheyareexcitedandwantingtomoveforwardorthreatenedandthinkingofmovingbackastudyhasfounD.ResearchersinItalyexaminedthetailwaggingbehaviourof30dogscatchingtheirresponsestoarangeofstimuli刺激物withvideocamems.Toconductthestudytheychose15maledogsand15femaleonesagedbetweenoneandsixyears.ThedogswereallfamilypetswhoseownershadallowedthemtotakepartintheexperimentatBariUmversity.Thedogswereplacedinalargewoodenboxwithanopeningatthefronttoallowforthemtoviewvariousstimuli.TheyweretestedoneatatimE.TheresearchersledbyProfessorGiorgioVallortigaraoftheUniversityofTriestefoundthatwhenthedogswereshowntheirowners—apositiveexpenence—theirtailswaggedenergeticallytotherightsidE.Whentheywereshownanunfamiliarhumantheywaggedtotherightbutwithsomewhatlessenthusiasm.Theappearsofacatagaincausedaright-handsidewagalthoughwithlessintensityagain.TheappearanceofalargeunfamiliardogsimilartoaGermanshepherdchangedthedirectionoftailwaggingtotheleft.Researcherssupposedthedogwasthinkingofmovingback.Whenthedogswerenotshownanystimulitheytendedtowagtheirtailstotheleftsuggestingtheypreferredcompany.Whilethechangesinthetailwaggingwerenoteasilynoticedwithouttheaidofvideoitwasthoughtthatthefindingscouldhelppeoplejudgethemood心情ofdogs.Computerandvideosystemsforexamplecouldbeusedbyprofessionaldogtrainerstodeterminethemoodofdogsthattheywererequiredtoapproach.71.Thevideocameraswereusedtocatchthedogs’responsesbecause.A.itwaseasiertocatchthedogs’responsechangesinthetailwaggingB.thedogswereputinthewoodenboxesandtestedoneatatimE.C.theyenabledthedogs’ownerstoknowabouttheirdogs’habitD.thedogswaggedtheirtailsindifferentdirectionswhentheywereindifferentmoods72.Theunderlinedwordintensityinthepassagemeans.A.surpriseB.worryC.excitementD.interest73.Whentherearenostimuliadogwill.A.wagtotheleftB.wagtotherightC.notwagatallD.wagtotheleftandthentotheright74.Theunderlinedwordtheyrefersto.A.thedogsB.thetrainersC.thesystemsD.therescarchers75.Thepurposeofdoingtheexperimentis.A.totraindogsfortheirownersB.tohelppeoplejudgethemoodofdogsC.tohelpdogsfindcompanyD.tohelppeoplechoosetheirpetdogs

贵州省兴义九中09-10学年高三上学期期中考试C.Fromthecoldestarcticicetothehottestdesertsyouwillfindmammalslivingandthriving兴旺.Thereseemstobenoclimatethattheycan’tadapttohoweverchangeableitmaybE.Whycanmammalsadapttosomanydifferenthabitats?Thereisagoodreasonforthis–mammalshavetheabilitytokeeptheirbodyataconstanttemperaturewhatevertheweather.Theyarewarm-bloodedMammalsachievethisbychemicallyburningtheirfoodasfuelinsidetheirbodies.Thisiskeptundertightcontrolbyaregionofthebrainthatactslikeathermostat恒温器andthismakessurethatthemammal’sbodytemperaturestaysaboutthesamE.Aconstantbodytemperatureisagreatadvantageformammalsbecauseallthechemicalprocessesthatgooninsidealivingbodyarelikelytohappenmoreslowlyatlowtemperaturesandfasterathighertemperatures.MammalscanregulatetheirtemperatureatthebestconditionforalltheseprocessesallowingthemtobeactiveatverycoldorveryhotperiodsandtokeepuptiringactivityforalongtimE.Animalssuchaslizards蜥蜴relyonmovinginandoutofthewarmsunlighttoregulatetheirbodytemperaturE.Theyslowdownwhentheycan’twarmupandmaydieiftheycan’tgetawayfromheat.Theyalsotendtooverheatquicklywhentheyareactiveastheirmusclesproducewarmth.Usingfoodenergytokeepbodytemperatureconstantisexpensiveandsincemammalsneedtobeefficientatkeepingtowarmththeycreateinsidethemselvestheyoftenhavefurandacoveroffatundertheirskintopreventheatfromescaping.Tohelploseheatwhentheyaretoohottheyhavesweatglands汗腺thattaketheheatawayfromtheskinthroughevaporating蒸发water.Thismeansthoughthattheyneedtodrinkmorethanotheranimals.64.Mammalscanadapttosomanyhabitatsbecause.A.theclimateisunchangeableB.theycanregulatetheirbodytemperatureC.theyarewarm-bloodedD.theirmusclesproducewarmth65.Whenmammalskeeptheirbodyataconstanttemperature.A.thechemicalprocesseshappenmoreslowlyintheirbodiesB.thechemicalprocesseshappenfasterintheirbodiesC.theywilluselessfuelinsidetheirbodiesD.theycanliveanactivelife66.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthatmammals.A.needtodrinkmorethanotheranimalsB.havedifferentwaysofkeepingtheirbodytemperatureC.oftenhavefurandfattopreventheatfromescapingD.havesweatglandsthattaketheheatawayfromtheskin67.Thewriteranswersthequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphwith.A.storiesandexplanationB.examplesandconclusionC.evidenceandargumentD.explanationandcomparison

Egyptianresearchersbelievetheyhaverecognizedthemummy木乃伊ofHatshepsutthemostfamousqueentoruleancientEgyptfoundinanaveragetombinEgypt’sValleyoftheKings.Researcherssaidthemummywasoneoftwofemalesfoundin1903inasmalltombbelievedtobethatofHatshepsut’snurseSitreIn.Infacttherehasbeentheideaovertheyearsthatoneofthemummiesmaybethatofthequeenwhoruledfrombetween1503and1482BCattheheightofancientEgypt’spower.Thedecisivetruth-tellingfactwasatoothinawoodenboxmarkedwiththequeen’snameHawasssaiD.Theboxwasfoundin1881inahidingplaceofroyalmummiescollectedandhiddenawayattheDeiral-Baharitempleabout1000metresawayfromthetomB.CheckingallthemummieswhichmightbeHatshepsut’sYehyaZakariyaamedicineprofessorfoundthatthetoothwasaperfectfitinaholeintheupperjawofoneofthetwofemalesafatwomanbelievedtohavesufferedfromcanceranddiabetes.TherecognitionofthetoothwiththejawcanshowthisisHatshepsutHawasssaiD.Atoothislikeafingerprint.AnotherresearcherElizabethThomasspeculatedmanyyearsagothatoneofthemummieswasHatshepsut’sbecausehowtherightarmwasputoverthewoman’schestsuggestedroyalty.Itwasguessedthatthemummymighthavebeenhiddeninthetombforsafekeepingbecauseherstepsonandsuccessor继任者TuthmosisIIItriedtowipeouthermemory.Hatshepsutstolethepowerfromheryoungstepson.Afterherdeathrecordsweredestroyedandherbodywasdugout.41.AccordingtothepassageHatshepsut______.A.wastheonlyqueeneverrulingEgyptB.diedofcanceranddiabetesC.livedbetween1503and1482BCD.wasburiedtogetherwithhernurse42.Whentheyfoundtheboxpeopleknew______.A.whereHatshepsutwasburiedB.whyHatshepsut’sbodywaslostC.thetoothwasHatshepsut’sD.Hatshepsut’stombwasaverage43.WhatisthekeytotherecognitionofHatshepsut’smummy?A.Thetooth.B.Thefingerprint.C.Hatshepsut’snamE.D.SitreInhernursE.44.WhichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordspeculatedinParagraph5?A.admittedB.guessedC.provedD.doubted45.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.YehyarecognizedthefatwomanasHatshepsut.B.ElizabethfoundHatshepsut’smummyfirst.C.HatshepsutmusthadbeenkilledbyTuthmosisIII.D.Hatshepsut’sdeathmayhadbeenamystery.

10·安徽B.篇Haveyoueverwondered?1.Whydoairplanestakelongertoflywestthaneast?Itcantakefivehourstogowest-eastfromNewYorkNYtoLondonbursevenhourstotraveleast-westfromLondontoNY.Thereasonforthedifferenceisanatmosphericphenomenonknownasthejet喷射stream.ThejetstreamisaveryhighaltitudewindwhichalwaysblowsfromthewesttotheeastacrosstheAtlantiC.Theplanesmovingataconstantairspeedthusgofasterinthewest-eastdirectionwhentheyaremovingwiththewindthanintheoppositedirection.2.WhatwouldhappenifthegravityonEarthwassuddenlyturnedoff?Supposingwecouldmagicallyturnoffgravity.Wouldbuildingsandotherstructures建筑物floataway?WhathappenedwoulddependonhowstronglythethingswereattachedtotheEarth.TheEarthismovingatquiteaspeedmovingatoverathousandmilesperhours.Ifyouturnsomethingaroundyourheadonastring细绳itgoesaroundinacircleuntilyouletgoofthestring.ThenitfliesoffinastraightlinE.‘Switchingoff’gravitywouldbelikelettinggoofthestring.ThingsnotattachedtotheEarthwouldflyoffinastraightlinE.Peopleinbuildingswouldsuddenlyshootupwardsatagreatspeeduntiltheyhittheceiling.MostthingsoutsidewouldflyoffintospacE.60.Whatinformationcanwegetfromthefirstpassage?A.ItisjetstreamthataffectshowfastairplanesflyB.PlanesgoslowerwhentheyaremovingwiththewindC.IttakesmoretimetoflyfromNYtoLondonthanfromLondontoNYD.TheyetstreamalwaysblowsfromtheeasttothewestacrosstheAtlantic61.Thewordshootunderlineinthe2ndpassageprobablymeansA.sendforB.movequicklyC.comeoutD.grrowquickly62.Itcanbeinferredthatwithoutgravity.A.buildingsandotherstructureswouldfloatawayB.treesandbuildingswouldnoteasilyflyoffC.somethingaroundyourheadwouldnotflyawayD.everythingoutsidebuildingswouldflyoffintospace63.WherecanwemostprobablyreadinthetextA.InareseachpaperB.InashortstoryC.InatravelmagazineD.Inastudent’sbook

LearningEnglishisagreatchallengebutwithalittlehelpfromtechnolo-gyitcanbeaseasyasapieceofcakE.AswellastheclassroomteachersandtextbookstheInternetTVandradioprogrammescanplayanactiveroleinhelpinglearnEnglish.TheInternetisfullofrichandup-to-dateinformation.Englishlearnersmightwishtotryhttp://www.in2english.com.cn./Thiswebsiteisco-establishedbytheBritishCounciltheBBCWorldServ-iceandCentralRadioandTVUniversity.ItprovidesculturalinformationaboutBritainandhasanexampleoftheIELTSInternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystemthatstudentscanuseforpracticE.DifferentlevelsofgrammartestscanalsobefounD.MakefriendsonlineAnotherusefulwebsiteformiddleschoolstudentsandteachersiswww.21sE.com.cn.Besidesreading21stCenturySchoolEditiononlinestudentsarealsoinvitedtoputtheirviewsondifferenttopicsuponthewebsitE.Usershavetheopportunitytomakefriendswithpeoplewhosharetheirinterests.Intheteachingandlearningsectiontherearereadingandvocabularytipsforstudents.ComparedwiththeInternetTVprogrammeshavetheirownadvantages:onedoesnothavetositatacomputerandtheaudioandvisualeffectscanevenberelaxing.OnepopularEnglish-learningprogramiscalledModernEnglish.ThisfocusesonoralEnglishinpracticalsituationssuchastakingphotosandshopping.TheshortdialoguesandusefulphrasesmayhelpstudentstoexpressthemselvesiftheygoabroadormeetforeignersinChina.Morethan50TVstationsinabout300citieshaveairedtheprogram.WordtoWorldIfyouwatchBeijingTelevisionChannel8youmightseeaprogramtitledStudyAbroad.OnthisshowProfessorWangQiangfromNewOrientalSchoolhostsFromWordtoWorld.HeselectswordswithdeepculturalbackgroundandteachesusefulphrasesrelatedtothatworD.CartoonsarealsousedtoexplainhowtousethewordindailylifE.ListeningtotheradiomaynotbeanewwaytolearnEnglishbutitiseasy.ChinaRadioInternationalairsaprogramcalledStudioClassroomat6:30A.m.everyday.This25-minuteprogramisaimedatmiddleschoolstudentsandcoverssubjectsfromcurrentnewstotravelandhistoryallinsimplelanguagE.71.Thispassage______.A.introducessomenewwebsitesandTVandradioprogrammesB.focusesonadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentmediumformsC.recommendstechnologicalhelpinlearningEnglishD.aimsatadvertisingvariousEnglishcourses72.IfyouwanttoreadanEnglishnewspaperandmakecommentsondifferenttopicsyoutry_____.A.www.in2english.com.cn.B.www.21sE.com.cn.C.ModernEnglishD.StudioClassroom73.OnecanpractiseoralEnglishineverydaysituationsin_____.A.StudioClassroomB.FromWordtoWorldC.StudyAbroadD.ModernEnglish74.AccordingtotheauthoronesuperiorityofTVprogrammesovertheInternetisthatthey____.A.offermoreEnglishlearningresourcesB.costyounothingC.havebetteraudioandvisualeffectsD.haveEnglishcoursesavailablewheneveryouneedthem75.TheauthorwantsthereaderstoknowthatlearningEnglish______.A.isdifficultB.iseasyC.isneithereasynordifficultD.canbemademucheasierwithalittlehelpofmoderntechnology

08·江苏B.篇WeexperiencedifferentformsoftheSun’senergyeveryday.Wecanseeitslightandfeelitswarmth.TheSunisthemajorsourceofenergyforourplanet.Itcausestheevaporation蒸发ofwaterfromtheoceansandlakes.SunlightalsoprovidestheenergyusedbygreenplantstomaketheirownfooD.Thesegreenplantsthenprovidefoodforallorganisms生物ontheEarth.MuchoftheenergythatcomesfromtheSunneverreachestheEarth’ssurfacE.ItiseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmospherE.Oftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarth’ssurfacE.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanetcauseswatertoevaporateandprovidesenergyforthewatercycleandweather.Onlyatinypartapproximately0.023%isactuallyusedbygreenplantstoproducefooD.ManygasesfoundintheatmosphereactuallyreflectheatenergyescapingfromtheEarth’ssurfacebacktotheEarth.ThesegasesactliketheglassofagreenhouseinthattheyallowenergyfromtheSuntoenterbutpreventenergyfromleaving.Theyarethereforecalledgreenhousegases.WhensunlightstrikesanobjectsomeoftheenergyisabsorbedandsomeisreflecteD.TheamountreflecteddependsonthesurfacE.Forexampleyou’veprobablynoticedhowbrightsnowiswhensunlightfallsonit.SnowreflectsmostoftheenergyfromtheSunsoitcontributestothelowtemperaturesofwinter.Dark-colouredsurfacessuchasdarksoilorforestabsorbmoreenergyandhelpwarmthesurroundingair.59.AccordingtothepassagetherootcauseforweatherchangesontheEarthis.A.theatmospheresurroundingtheEarthB.waterfromoceansandlakesC.energyfromtheSunD.greenhousegasesinthesky60.OnlyasmallpartoftheSun’senergyreachestheEarth’ssurfacebecausemostofitis.A.absorbedbythecloudsintheloweratmosphereB.reflectedbythegasesintheupperatmosphereC.lostintheupperandloweratmosphereD.usedtoevaporatewaterfromtheoceansandlakes61.Welearnfromthepassagethat.A.alllivingthingsontheEarthdependontheSunfortheirfoodB.aforestlooksdarkinwinterbecauseitabsorbssolarenergyC.only0.023%oftheenergyfromtheSunismadeuseofontheEarthD.greenhousegasesallowheatenergytoescapefromtheEarth’ssurface

08·江西A.篇Despitethefactthatithasneverbeenseenalmosteveryoneisfamiliarwiththelegendaryunicorn独角兽.Descriptionsofunicornshavebeenfounddatingfromancienttimes.ThegreatphilosopherAristotletheorizedthatthereweretwotypesofunicorn—theso-calledIndianAssandtheOryxakindofantelope.Unicornsareoftenusedinthelogoofanoblefamilytowncounciloruniversityastheirspecialsign.EvenScotlandisrepresentedbyaunicorn.Accordingtothelegendanyoneattemptingtocatchaunicornhadtobeextremelycautiousasithasareputationforbeingveryfierce.Aclevertricksuggestedbyunicorn-trappersinordertocatchthismagnificentbeastwithoutbeinghurtbyitshornwasforthehuntertostandinfrontofatreeandthentomovequicklybehinditastheunicorncharged.Hopefullythecreaturecouldthenbecapturedwhenitshornwasstuckinthetree.Whenhollowedoutandusedasadrinking-cuptheunicorn’shornwassaidtohavethepowertoofferprotectionagainstpoison.Itwasbelievedthatnobodycouldbeharmedbydrinkingthecontentsofaunicorn’shorn.RightupuntiltheFrenchRevolutionin1789theFrenchcourtwassaidtohaveusedcupsmadeofunicornhorninordertoprotecttheking.Inadditionthehornwassaidtohavemedicinalvaluesomuchsothatitcouldbesoldformorethantentimesthepriceofthesameweightofgold.Whatthenwasunicornhorn?Weknowattimestherhino犀牛wasconfusedwiththislegendarycreature.Adrinking-cupsupposedlymadeofunicornhornwasdiscoveredtobemadeofthehornofarhino.56.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheunicorn?A.ItwasnothistoricallyrecordeD.B.ItshornwasfirstusedinFrancE.C.ItwassimilartotheIndianAssandtheOryx.D.Itcouldbethesymbolofauniversity.57.Tocatchaunicorntheunicorn-trappershadtotryallofthefollowingEXCEPT____.A.temptingtheunicorntoattackB.makinguseofthetreeasaprotectionC.hidingquicklybehindtheunicornD.havingtheunicornhornstuckinthetree58.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout____.A.thepropertiesoftheunicornhornB.theusersoftheunicornhornC.thepriceoftheunicornhornD.thecomparisonbetweentheunicornhornandtherhinohorn59.Inthelastparagraphthewordunicornisinquotationmarks引号because_____.A.thecupisdesignedonlyforaroyalfamilyB.theunicorndoesnotexistinrealityC.theunicornistherarestanimalintheworldD.themedicinalvalueofthehornisappreciated

APlanForExploringMars火星探索计划NASAismovingaheadwithplanstoputalong-armedlanderonMars’icynorthpoletosearchforcluesforwaterandpossiblesignsoflifE.The$386millionPhoenixMarsisplannedtotouchdownintheMartianarcticin2008.ThestationaryprobewilluseitsroboticarmtodigintotheicylandandpickupsoilsamplestoanalyzE.In2002theMarsOdysseyorbiterspottedevidenceofice-richsoilnearthearcticsurfacE.ScientistshopethePhoenixmissionwillfindcluestothegeologichistoryofwaterontheRedPlanetanddeterminewhethermicrobesexistedintheicE.PhoenixwillbethefirstmissionoftheMarsScoutprogramarenewedlow-costefforttostudytheRedPlanet.ThePhoenixmissionexploresnewterritoryinthenorthernplainsofMarsanalogoustothepermafrostregionsonEarthPeterSmithsaiD.TruetoitsnamePhoenixrosefromtheashesofpreviousmissions.ThelanderforPhoenixwasbuilttoflyaspartofthe2001MarsSurveyorprogram.Buttheprogrambrokedownafterthewell-knowndisappearanceoftheMarsPolarLanderin1999.ThePolarLanderlostcontactduringalandingattemptneartheplanet’ssouthpoleafteritsrocketengineshutoffprematurelycausingthespacecrafttofallabout130feettoalmostcertaindestruction.ThePhoenixprobehadbeeninstorageataLockheedMartincleanroominDenverbeforeitwasreusedforitspresentmission.ItwillcarryscienceinstrumentsthatweredesignedfortheMarsSurveyorprogramincludinganimprovedpanoramiccameraandatrench-diggingroboticarm.PhoenixwillliftofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinAugust2007andlandontheplanetninemonthslater.63.Thepassagemainlytellsreadersthat_________.A.cluesofwaterwillbefoundinPhoenixB.PhoenixwillbesenttofindcluesofwateronMarsC.August2007willseePhoenixliftoffD.theMarsScoutprogramwillbecarriedout64.Theunderlinedwordprematurelyparagraph5means_________.A.ontimeB.behindthetimeC.outofworkD.aheadoftime65.AccordingtothepassageweknowPhoenixwilllandonMars_________.A.inMay2008B.inAugust2007C.inAugust2008D.inSeptember200866.AccordingtothepassagethenamePhoenixisafterthemeaningof_________.A.rebirthB.deathC.energyD.hope67.AfterPhoenixlandsonMarswecaninferitwillfirstly_________.A.findsoilsamplesandsendthemtotheearthB.lookfortheicylandtodigforthesoilsamplesC.takephotosandsendthemtotheearthD.findtheremainsoftheMarsPolarLander

AboutfivestatesinNigeriawillexperienceatotaleclipse日蚀ofthesunonMarch292006accordingtoaforecastbytheMinistryofScienceandTechnologythisweek.Aneclipseoccursinoneoftwoways:whenthemoonpassesbetweentheearthandthesunsothatallorpartofthesuncannotbeseenforatimeorwhentheearthpassesbetweenthemoonandthesunsothatyoucannotseeallorpartofthemoonforatimE.Thefirstcaseisasolareclipseoreclipseofthesunwhichoccursastheearthenterstheshadowofthemoon.Theseconddescribesalunareclipseoreclipseofthemoonwhichhappenswhenthemoonenterstheshadowoftheearth.Morethan60percentofNigeriansareuneducatedandeclipsesinsomepartsofthecountryinthepasthavecausedcommotionsinwhichpeoplehavebeenkilledandpropertydestroyeD.SomeNigeriansbelieveaneclipseispunishmentfromthegodsforevildoing.TheMarch29theclipsewouldbethefifthinNigeria’shistoryanditisexpectedtolastfor30minutes--9:15AMto9:45AMaccordingtotheofficialprediction.Nigeriawitnessedeclipsesin189819471959and2001.TheshadowsinaneclipsehaveacentraldarkpartcalledumbraandalessdarkexternalsectioncalledpenumbrA.Intheumbraallthesun’slightiscutoffandthisiscalledtotaleclipse;whileinthepenumbraonlyapartofthelightfromthesuniscutofffromthemoonanditiscalledpartialeclipsE.FiveNigerianstates--OyoKwaraNigerZamfaraandKatsina--areexpectedtohavetotaleclipsewhileotherpartsofthecountrywillexperiencepartialeclipsE.43.Thispassageismainlywrittento________.A.predictaeclipseofthesuninNigeriaB.compareaeclipseofthesunwithaeclipseofthemoonC.provideinformationonacomingeclipseofthesuninNigeriaD.showthatpeopleinNigeriareceivelittleeducation44.Ifthispassageistakenfromanewspaperwhichsectionisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.Entertainment.B.Economy.C.Education.D.SciencE.45.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.WhatIsanEclipseB.HowFoolishPeopleinNigeriaAreC.NigeriaExpectsSolarEclipseD.SolarEclipseHappensonMarch292006

MostBritishtelephonecardsarejustplaingreenbutcardcollectingisbecomingapopularhobbyinBritainandcollectorsevenhavetheirownmagazineInternationalTelephoneCards.Onereasonfortheirinterestisthatcardsfromaroundtheworldcomeinawidevarietyofdifferentandoftenveryattractivedesigns.Thereare100000differentcardsinJapanaloneandthereyoucanputyourowndesignontoablankcardsimplybyusingaphotographorabusinesscarD.Thefirsttelephonecardsproducedin1976wereItalian.FiveyearslaterthefirstBritishcardappearedandnowyoucanbuycardsinmorethanahundredcountries.PeopleusuallystartcollectingcardsbecausetheyareattractivesmallandlightandtheydonotneedmuchspacE.Itisalsoacheaphobbyforbeginnersalthoughforsomepeopleitbecomesaseriousbusiness.InParisforexamplethereisamarketwhereyoucanbuyonlytelephonecardsandsomeFrenchcardscostupto4000pounds.ThefirstJapanesecardhasavalueofabout28000pounds.Mostpeopleonlyseecardswithpricesliketheseintheircollectors’magazinE.56.Thepassageismainlyabout___A.thehistoryofphonecardsB.phonecardcollectingasahobbyC.reasonsforphonecardcollectingD.thegreatvarietyofphonecards.57.Themainreasonformostpeopletocollectphonecardsisthat___A.theyfindthecardsbeautifulandeasytokeepB.theyliketohavesomethingfromdifferentcountriesC.theywanttomakemoneywithcardsD.theythinkthecardsareconvenienttouse58.ThewritermentionsamarketinParisinordertoshowthat___A.cardcollectingispopularamongyoungpeopleB.FrenchandJapanesecardsarethemostvaluableC.peoplecanmakemoneyoutofcardcollectingD.cardcollectors’magazinesareveryuseful

09·福建D.篇FindWhichDirectionIsSouthDoyouhaveagoodsenseofdirection?Ifnotpleasetakewithyouacompass.Butifyouforgettotakeacompassyoucanstillfindyourway.It’sneveragoodideatoimaginethatthefamilymemberwhowasentrusted委托withthejobofmap-readingactuallyknowswherethefamilyis.Youcantellbytheslightlyconfusedloadontheirfacesthatnothingonthegroundseemstomatchthemap.NeverminD.Theshuisshiningandit’sstillmorning.Ifyoudon’tknowtheexacttimeyoucanstillfindoutwheresouthisbutyou’llneedtobepatient.①Findastraightsickandputitinthegroundinaplacewhereyoucanmarkitsshadow.②Trytopositionthestickasvertically垂直asyoucan.Youcancheckthisbymakingasimpleplumbline铅锤线withapieceofstringandweight.Youhaven’tgotanystring?OKuseathreadfromyourclotheswithabuttontiedattheendtoactasaweight.③Marktheendoftheshadowcastbythestick.④Waitapproximatelyhalfanhourandmarktheendoftheshadowagain.⑤Keepdoingthisuntilyouhavemadeseveralmarks.⑥Themarknearestthestickwillrepresenttheshortestshadowwhichiscastatmiddaywhenthesunishighestintheskyandpointingtotheexactsouth.⑦Pickapointinthedistancealongthelinebetweentheshortestshadowandthestick.⑧ThatpointissouthofwhereyouarE.⑨Nowyoucanturnthemaplikeyoudidbeforeandfindwhichwayyoushouldbetravelling.68.TofindthedirectionweoughttobepatientprobablybecauseA.itisnoteasytofindaproperstickB.itisnoteasytopositionthestickC.ittakeshourstomakethemarksD.ittakesabouthalfanhourtomakethemarks69.Thepassagewouldprobablybemosthelpfulto.A.thosewhodrawmapsB.thosewhogetlostC.thosewhomakecompassesD.thosewhodoexperiments70.Whichofthefollowingpicturesbestshowsthewayoffindingthedirectionofsouth?71.Theauthorpresentsthispassageby.A.tellinganinterestingstoryB.describinganactivityinalivelywayC.testinganideabyreasoningD.introducingapracticalmethod

Predictingwhenanearthquakeorvolcaniceruptionwilltakeplaceisextremelydifficultevenwiththeadvancedtechnologicalequipmentavailabletomodernscientists.Therearesomepeoplehoweverwhobelievetheycansensewhenamajorgeological地质学上的eventiscoming.Theyclaimtobeearthquakesensitive.Sensitivitytotheearth'smovementsaccordingtothosewhosaytheyhaveitisrevealedindifferentways.Somesaytheyareunusuallyclumsyandkeepdroppingthingsandhavingsmallaccidentsjustbeforeabigevent.Otherssuddenlyhaveastrongdesiretoeatpopcornanddon'tknowwhy.Thoughitmaysoundcrazytheysayittellsthemthatabigearthquakeislessthan24hoursaway.ThemostcommonsignofanapproachingdisasteramongearthquakesensitivepeopleissaidtobeabadheadachE.ArguablythefirstpersontoconnectherownheadachestocominggeologicaleventswasanAmericanwomancalledCharlotteKing.ShebecamefamousforherpredictionoftheeruptionofWashington'sMr.St.HelensonMay181980whenshewasaccuratetowithin12minutesoftheactualevent.Kingwastestedbydoctorsandscientistsandfoundtopossessunusualhearingabilities.Shecouldhearsoundsinfrequenciesthatmosthumanbeingscannotandclaimedtohavebeenhearingsuchsoundssince1976.Threeyearslatershenoticedthatwhenthesoundschangedinpitchorrhythmgivingherunpleasantheadachesalargeearthquakewouldbereportedwithin72hours.66.Itisstatedinthefirstparagraphthattheremaybe________.A.peoplewhoareabletodetectearthquakeactivityB.peoplewhoaredevelopingnewmethodsofpreventingearthquakesC.newmachinestohelpearthquakesensitivepeoplemakepredictionsD.newmachinesthatwillsoonbeabletoaccuratelypredictearthquakes67.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.CharlotteKingB.A.magicalabilityC.HumanvsMachineD.Earthquakeandvolcaniceruption68.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasasignofanapproachingearthquake?A.A.veryloudnoisE.B.A.painfulheadachE.C.Anurgetoeatpopcorn.D.A.tendencytodropthings.69.CharlotteKingbecamewellknownbecauseshe________.A.timedanearthquaketowithin12minutesB.correctlypredictedabigvolcaniceruptionC.canmakesoundsotherpeoplecannothearD.issmarterthanmanydoctorsandscientists70.WhatenablesCharlotteKingtopredictageologicalevent?A.TheheadachE.B.ThefrequencyofasounD.C.Herspecialhearingability.D.ThepitchorrhythmofasounD.

BotanythestudyofplantsplaysastrangeroleinthehistoryofhumanknowledgE.FormanythousandsofyearsitwasonefieldaboutwhichhumanshadlittleknowledgE.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeAncestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialsocietiesthatstillexistsadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirproperties特征mustbeveryancient.ThisisreasonablE.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthingsevenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeengreatlyimportanttothegoodofpeoplesnotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsmedicineshousingandagreatmanyotherpurposes.Tribes部落livingtodayinthewoodsoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyassuchhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectrelationwithplantsandthelessclearourknowledgeofbotanygrows.YeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonasurprisingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseoranapplE.WhenourNewStoneAgeancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricherproductionthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewconnectionofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:plantedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandthecollectedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandcloserelationswithplantsinthewildwouldbegintodisappear.67.Whichofthefollowingassumptions假设aboutearlyhumansisexpressedinthepassage?A.Theyprobablyhadwideknowledgeofplants.B.TheyclearlydividedknowledgeintoseparatefieldsC.Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.D.Theyplacedgreatimportanceonownershipofproperty.68.Accordingtothepassagewhyhasgeneralknowledgeofbotanydecreased?A.PeoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresourcE.B.BotanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofsciencE.C.Researchisunabletokeepupwiththeincreasingnumberofplants.D.DirectrelationwithavarietyofplantshasdecreaseD.69.Inparagraph2theunderlinedwordmarvelisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.edgeB.signC.beginningD.wonder70.Accordingtothepassagewhatwasthefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeofagriculture?A.Theinventionofagriculturetoolsandmachines.B.Thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants.C.ThediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplanteD.

SavetheAnimalsAnimalsarenaturalresources资源thatpeoplehavewastedallthroughourhistory.Animalshavebeenkilledfortheirfurandfeathersforfoodforsportandsimplybecausetheywereintheway.Thousandsofkindsofanimalshavedisappearedfromtheearthforever.Hundredsmoreareonthedangerlisttoday.About170kindsintheUnitedStatesaloneareconsideredindanger.Whyshouldpeoplecare?Becauseweneedanimals.AndbecauseoncetheyaregonetherewillneverbeanymorE.Animalsaremorethanjustbeautifulorinteresting.TheyaremorethanjustasourceoffooD.EveryanimalhasitsplaceinthebalanceofnaturE.Destroyingonekindofanimalcancreatemanyproblems.Forexamplewhenfarmerskilledlargenumbersofhawks鹰thefarmers’storesofcornandgrainweredestroyedbyratsandmicE.Why?BecausehawkseatratsandmicE.Withnohawkstokeepdowntheirnumberstheratsandmicemultiplied繁殖quickly.Luckilysomepeopleareworkingtohelpsavetheanimals.Somegroupsraisemoneytoletpeopleknowabouttheproblem.Andtheytrytogetthegovernmentstopasslawsprotectinganimalsindanger.Quiteafewcountrieshavepassedlaws.Theselawsforbid禁止thekillingofanyanimalorplantonthedangerlist.Slowlythenumberofsomeanimalsindangerisgrowing.56.Animalsareimportanttousmainlybecause__________.A.theygiveusasourceoffoodB.theyarebeautifulandlovelyC.theykeepthebalanceofnatureD.theygiveusalotofpleasure57.Whathashappenedtotheanimalsontheearth?A.About170kindsofanimalshavedisappearedforever.B.Thousandsofkindsofanimalsaregoneforever.C.A.fewkindsofanimalshavediedout.D.Allkindsofanimalsareindanger.58.Whydopeoplekillanimals?A.TheykillanimalsforsomethingtheyneeD.B.Theykillanimalstoraisesomemoney.C.Animalsdestroytheirnaturalresources.D.Animalscreatemanyproblems.59.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Peoplecaremuchaboutanimalsbecausetheyneedthem.B.Killingallratsandmicemaycausesomenewproblems.C.OnceacertainkindofanimalisgoneforevertherewillneverbeanymorE.D.Peoplemustnotkillanyanimalorplant.60.Whatcanweconcludefromthefactthatquiteafewcountrieshavepassedlawsprotectinganimalsindanger?A.AnimalsindangerwillbekeptawayfrompeoplE.B.AnimalsindangerwillnotbekilledanymorE.C.ThenumberofsomeanimalsindangerwillincreasE.D.Everypersonwillknowtheimportanceofprotectingwildanimals.

【2011·江苏金坛一中模拟】D.Theglobalenergycrisisisapproaching.Whatcanwedo?HerearesomestepsyoucantakE.Coolingputsthegreateststressonyoursummerenergybillandthepowergrid电网.Justasatune-upforyourcarcanimproveyourgasmileageayearlytune-upyourheatingandcoolingsystemcanimproveefficiencyandcomfort.CleanorreplacefiltersmonthlyorasneedeD.ForcentralairconditioningsystemsandroomsirconditionerslookfortheENERGYSTARthefederalgovernment’ssymbolforenergyefficiency.ForcentralairpurchasethesystemwiththehighestpossibleSeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatioSEER.Useenergy-efficientceilingfanseitheraloneorwithairconditioningCeilingfansdoagreatjobofcirculatingair.Whenusedwithairconditioningfansallowyoutoraisethethermostat恒温器andcutcosts.Ceilingfanscoolpeoplenotroomssobeforeyouleaveturnofftheceilingfan.Letaprogrammablethermostatrememberforyoutoautomaticallyadjusttheindoorclimatewithyourdailyandweekendpatternstoreducecoolingbillsbyupto10percent.Youcancomehometoacomfortablehousewithoutwastingenergyandcrestingpollutionalldaywhileyouareatwork.Trytomakeyourhomeairtightenoughtoincreaseyourcomfortmakeyourhomequieterandcleanerandreduceyourcoolingcostsupto20percent.Cutyourairconditioningloadandreducepollutionbyplantingleafytreesaroundyourhomeandfixingreflectivebricksonyourroof.Closeblindsorshadesonsouth-andwest-facingwindowsduringthedayorfixshadingequipmenttoavoidbeatbuild-up.Turnoffeverythingnotinuse:lightsTVscomputers.Andusefluorescentbulbs荧光灯whichprovidebrightwarmlightwhileusingatleasttwo-thirdslessenergyproducing70percentJessbeatandlastingupto10timeslongerthanincandescentbulbs白炽灯.DrivethecarthatgetsbettergasmileagewheneverpossibleifyouownmorethanonevehiclE.Ifyoudrive12500milesayearswitching10percentofyourtripsfromacarthatgets20milespergallontoonethatgets30mpgwillsaveyoumorethan$65peryear.Carpool.TheaverageU.S.commutes乘车上班族couldsaveabout$260ayearbysharingcarstwiceaWeekwithtwootherpeopleinacarthatgets20.1mpg—assumingthethreepassengerssharethecostofgas.68.Accordingtothepassagethethermostatisusedto.A.makeroomsquieterB.controlroomtemperatureC.turnofftheairconditionerD.reduceroomairpollution69.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthorprobablydiscourages.A.plantingleafytreesaroundyourhomeB.turningofftheceilingfanbeforeyouleaveyourhouseC.keepingyoursouth-facingwindowsopenduringthedayD.usingfluorescentbulbsinsteadofincandescentbulbs70.Thispassageismainlyabout.A.energy-savingtipsB.fuel-savingtipsC.doityourselftipsD.environment-protecting

Achemicalimportantofbraindevelopmentmayplayaroleinexplainingwhysomepeoplearegenetically由基因决定地likelytosufferfromanxietyandcouldleadtonewtreatmentsU..S.researcherssaiD.Theysaidhighlyanxiousratswhichwerekepthadverylowlevelsofabrainchemicalcalledfibroblastgrowthfactor2orFGF2comparedwithratsthatweremorerelaxeD.Butwhentheyimprovedtheanxiousrats'livingconditions—givingthemnewtoystoexploreandabiggercagetolivein—levelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedandtheybecamelessanxious.Thelevelsofthisbrainchemicalincreasedinresponsetotheexperiencesthattheratswereexposedto.Italsodecreasedtheiranxiety.JavierPerezoftheUniversityofMichigansaidinatelephoneinterview.ItmadethembehavethesamewayastheratsthatwererelaxedhesaiD.InaformerstudyofpeoplewhowereseverelydepressedbeforetheydiedtheteamfoundthegenethatmakesFGF2wasproducingverylowlevelsofthegrowthfactorwhichisknownprimarilyfororganizingthebrainduringdevelopmentandrepairingitafterinjury.Perezthinksthebrainchemicalmaybeamarkerforgeneticvulnerability脆弱性toanxietyanddepression.Butitcanalsorespondtochangesintheenvironmentinapositivewaypossiblybypreservingnewbraincells.Whileboththecalmandanxiousratsproducedthesamenumberofnewbraincellsthesecellswerelesslikelytosurviveinthehigh－anxietyratstheteamfounD.GivingtheratsbetterlivingconditionsorinjectingthemwithFGF2helpedimprovecellsurvival.Thisdiscoverymaypavethewayfornewmorespecifictreatmentsforanxietythatwillnotbebasedonsedation药物镇静butwillinsteadfighttherealcauseofthediseaseDr.PierVincenzoPiazzafromFrancesaidinastatement.6.WeknowfromthepassagethatwiththelevelsofFGF2decreasingtheratswill________.A.dieofanxietysoonB.sufferfromaheadacheC.becomemorerelaxedD.becomemoreanxious7.What'sthebetterwaytoincreasethelevelsofFGF2?A.Introducingmorecompanionstotheanxiousrats.B.Improvingthelivingconditionsoftheanxiousrats.C.InjectingtheanxiousratswithsomespecialmedicinE.D.Givingtheanxiousratsmoretimetorelax.8.TheunderlinedworditinParagraph4refersto________.A.theteamB.thegeneC.thegrowthfactorD.thebrain9.What'sthemaininfluenceofthenewdiscovery?A.Doctorswon'tuseanymedicinetocureanxiety.B.Doctorsmaytreatanxietymoreefficiently.C.Doctorswillfindtherealcauseofanxiety.D.Doctorsmayfindnewmedicineforanxiety.10.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.AnxiousratsandrelaxedratsB.Anxiety—aseriousmentaldiseaseC.ScientificresearchintothebrainisimportantD.Brainchemicalmayplaykeyroleinanxiety

Youmightnotknowitbutthereissomethingwonderfulatyourfingertips.Youcanmakepeoplehappierhealthierandmorehard-workingjustbytouchingtheirarmsorholdingtheirhands.Doctorssaythatbodycontact接触isakindofmedicinethatcanworkwonders.Whenpeoplearetouchedthequantityofhemoglobin血红蛋白--atypeofmatterthatproducestheredcolorinbloodincreasesgreatly.Thisresultsinmoreoxygen氧气reachingeverypartofthebodyandthewholebodybenefits.Inexperimentsbottle-fedbabymonkeyswereseparatedfromtheirmothersforthefirsttendaysoflifE.TheybecamesadandnegativE.Studiesshowedthemonkeysweremoreprobabletobecomeillthanotherbabiesthatwereallowedtostaywiththeirmothers.Humanbabiesreact反应inmuchthesameway.Someyearsagoascientistnoticedthatsomewell-fedbabiesinacleannursery托儿所becameweak.Yetbabiesinanothernurseryweregrowinghealthilyeventhoughtheyatelesswellandwerenotkeptasclean.Thereasonheconcludedwasthattheyoftenhadtouchesfromnurses.ExperimentsshowthatmostpeoplelikebeingtoucheD.Andnearlyalldoctorsbelievetouchhelpstoreducepatients'fearoftreatment.OfcoursethereistimewhenatouchisnotwelcomE.Butevenifwedon’tlikebeingtouchedasmilecanmakeusfeelbetter.Smilingincreasesbloodflowandstartstheproductionofhappybrainchemicals.Solet’shaveabigsmileanddon’tforgettokeepintouch.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Everyoneknowsthatbodycontactcanmakepeoplehappier.B.Peoplemayworkharderbecauseofbodycontact.C.Yourfingertipscandosomethingwonderful.D.Peoplemaynotunderstandtheimportanceoftouching.45.Accordingtothepassage______.A.humanbrainsneedoxygenandbloodsupplynowandthenB.touchesfromdoctorsandnurseshavenothingtodowithtreatmentC.new-bornbabymonkeysshouldstayawayfromtheirmothersD.notallthepeoplelikebeingtouched46.Thewordbenefitsinthesecondparagraphprobablymeans______.A.tobeusefulorhelpfulB.togetsomethingusefulorhelpfulC.tobeillD.tobehurt47.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.WhyPeopleTouchB.SmileandTouchC.WondersofTouchD.TouchorNot

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.Sinceabout1970newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.ThereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganizeD.Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.Inonestudyresearchersexaminedthebrainofthelearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.OnehassomethingtodowithcellsontheleftsideofthebrainwhichcontrollanguagE.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledpersonhoweverthesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwindanearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindthoughtthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsontheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probablyhesaidnervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.SothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrosseD.FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchprovesthatreadingdisabilitiesresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrainnotjusttheleftsidE.61.Scientistsfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin.A.sizeandshapeB.colorandshapeC.sizeandarrangementD.colorandarrangement62.ItisNOTmentionedinthepassagethatlearningdisabilitiesmayresultfrom.A.theunknownareaofthebrainB.damagetoawideareaofthebrainC.unusualorganizationofbraincellsD.problemsontheleftsideofthebrain63.DoctorDuffybelievedthattheproblemoflearningdisabilities.A.waslimitedtotherightsideofthebrainB.wasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrainC.resultedfromtheleftsideofthebrainD.didnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain64.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchesshouldbemadeto.A.studypossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganizationB.studyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwriteandusenumbersC.helplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligenceD.explorehowtheleftsideofthebrainworksinlanguagelearning

EnvironmentalprotectionwasstressedatKanasagrowingtourismdestinationinNorthwestChina’sXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionfamousforitsattractivesceneryanditslakemonster.Allofthehotelsandrestaurantswillwithdrawfromthescenicsiteto30kilometersawaysaidJimLiquananofficialwiththeKanasEnvironmentandTourismBureau.ThemoveaimstoprotectenvironmentofKanasascenicsitethatispartoftheEuropeanecosystemandbordersKazakhstanRussiaandMongolia.Meanwhileconstructionofenvironmentalfacilitiesincludingsewage污水andrubbishtreatmentplantswillbecompletedsoon.AccordingtoMaoKenchiefofAltayPrefecturewhereKanasislocatedthegovernmentinvested1billionyuanUS$120milliononenvironmentalfacilities.EducationfortouristsisalsoimportanthesaiD.AneducationcenterisbeingcreatedtoprovideinformationonhowtoprotecttheenvironmentinKanas.ButhevowedthatthegovernmentwouldnotinterferewiththelivesoftraditionalresidentsinKanas.ItisexpectedthatKanaswillreceivemorethan500000touriststhisyear4000morethanlastyearaccordingtotheofficial.HowevertherearestillfewoverseasvisitorshesaiD.Statisticsshowedthatonly2percentofthetotalnumberoftouristsisforeigners.ThisispartlybecausethetransportationfacilitiesconnectingKanasarestillnotconvenientenoughMaosaiD.AtpresentthereisonlyonehighwayconnectingKanas.UponrequestfromtouristsconstructionofanairportwillstartthismonthandwillbecompletedbytheendofnextyeartheofficialsaiD.A.railwaylineconnectingKuitunandAltaywillalsoopentotrafficin2008tomakeitpossibletotraveltoKanasbytrainprobablybringinginmoretourists.53.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatKanasis_____.A.alakeB.atowninEuropeC.aKazakhstancitynexttoXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionD.atourismdestinationlocatedinAltayPrefecture54.TherearefewoverseasvisitorstoKanasbecause_____.A.sceneryinKanasisnotattractiveenoughB.Kanashasn’tbeenknowntothemC.thetransportationtoKanasisnotconvenientenoughD.theyareafraidofthelakemonster55.Whichofthefollowinghasthesamemeaningwiththeunderlinedwordwithdrawinthepassage?A.GoforwardB.DestroyC.ReplaceD.Moveback56.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthemeasuretobetakentoimproveenvironmentalprotectioninKanas?A.TobuildanairportandarailwaystationtomakeitpossibletotraveltoKanas.B.Toinvestalargesumofmoneytoconstructsomeofenvironmentalfacilities.C.Towithdrawallofthehotelsandrestaurantsfromthescenicsiteto30kilometersawayD.Tocreateaneducationcenterforprotection

Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceansareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.Thenoisethataffectsseacreaturescomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosionsoceandrillingandshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefieldsunderwaterearthquakesandsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.Decibels分贝measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonlanD.A.noiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwateradecibellevelofonehundredandninety-fivewouldhavethesameeffect.Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales.AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.SomeofthewhalesevendieD.TheexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleedandbecomeinfecteD.Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsobjecttoalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.HowevermanyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieveD.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreaturesintheocean.71.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisincreasinglydangeroustoseacreatures?A.Theman-madenoises.B.Thenoisesmadebythemselves.C.Thesoundofearthquakes.D.Thesoundoftheice-breaking.72.Whichofthefollowingisdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?A.Differentplaceswithdifferenttypesofnoises.B.Theveryhumanearssensitivetoalltypesofnoises.C.Theoceananimals'reactiontonoises.D.Thesamenoisemeasureddifferentlyonlandandintheocean.73.Astotheinfluenceofnoisesonwhaleswhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theyaredeaftonoises.B.Noisesatacertainlevelmayhurtthem.C.Theyareeasilyconfusedbynoises.D.NoiseswilllimittheirabilitytoreproducE.74.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatmanyresearchersthinkthatthenoiselimitofonehundredtwentydecibelswould_____.A.preventthemfromdoingtheirresearchworkB.benefitthemalotintheirresearchworkC.dogoodtotheirhealthD.increasetheindustrialoutput75.Accordingtothepassagewhatwillscientistsmostprobablydointhefuture?A.TheywilltrytheirbesttodecreasenoisE.B.Theywillworkhardtocutdownnoisepollution.C.Theywillstudytheeffectofdifferentnoises.D.Theywillprotectanimalsfromharmfulnoises.

ECO-friendlytechnologywasthehottesttrendatthe39thTokyoMotorShowwhichopenedlastFriday.About240carmanufacturersfrom13countriespresentednewmodels.Mostwerepoweredbyhybrid混合的fuelcell燃料电池andelectricalsystems.Carmakersarechampioningmoreenvironmentallymodelsamidincreasingoilpricesandenvironmentalconcerns.It’snowcarmakers’socialresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironmentsaidMazdapresidentHisakazuImaki.Seventy-ninecarsandmotorcyclesarebeingpresentedtothepublicforthefirsttimeaccordingtotheJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation.Theorganizingassociationsaidthebiennial两年一次的showduetoendonNovember6wassuretohavealargeimpactontheautomobileindustry.Manufacturersarecurrentlycompetingintheshiftfromgasoline-runenginestohybridfuelcellorelectricity-poweredsystems.Mazdahasanewsportsvehiclewhichrunsonahybridelectric-petrolsystem.Itisalsoshowingagasoline-hydrogenrunsportscar.AmemberoftheFordfamilyMazdaplanstomarketahybridversionoftheTributesportutilityvehicleSUVnextspringandenhanceitsco-operationwithFordinhybridsystemsdevelopment.Honda’sfuelcellsedan轿车onshowusesahydrogen-oxygenfuel.Thesystemonlysendswateroutitsexhaust尾气abettersolutionfortheenvironmentandlesspollutingthanhybrids.53.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewCarTrendB.TokyoMotorShowC.Eye-catchingCarsonShowD.TokyoShowsEcoCars54.Atpresentcarsaregenerallypoweredby____.A.electricityB.fuelcellC.gasolineorpetrolD.solarcell55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Carmakersaretryingtodevelopenvironmentallyfriendlycars.B.Theautomobileindustrywillbecertainlyinfluencedbytheshow.C.Hondaisshowingitssedanpoweredbyspecialwaterwhichcauseslesspollution.D.MazdawillcooperatewithFordtodevelophybrid-poweredcars.

07·四川D.篇SorrytosayourbrainsnaturallystartslowingdownattheCrueltyyoungageof30.Itusedtobethoughtthatthiscouldn'tbehelpedbutnewstudiesshowthatpeopleofanyagecantraintheirbrainstoworkfaster.YourbrainisalearningmachinesaysUniversityofCaliforniascientistDr.MichaelMerzenich.Giventherighttoolswecantrainourbrainstoactliketheydidwhenwewereyounger.Allthat'srequiredisthepracticedesignedjustforthepurpose:afewexercisesfortheminD.Merzenichhasdevelopedacomputer-basedtrainingmethodtospeeduptheprocess过程inwhichthebraindealswithinformationpositsciencE.com.SincemuchofthedatawereceivecomesthroughspeechtheBrainFitnessProgramworkswithlanguageandhearingtobetterspeedandaccuracy准确性.Overthecourseoftrainingtheprogramstartsaskingyoutodistinguish辨别soundsbetweendogandbogforexampleatanincreasinglyfasterspeeD.It'sabitliketennisinstructorsaysMerzenichhittingballsatyou~fasterandfastertokeepyouchallenged受到挑战.Youmaystartoutslowbutbeforelongyou'reprettyquick.ThebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastiC.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearnitwilllearn.Anditmayevenspeedupwhileintheprocess.Tokeepyourbrainyoungandplasticyoucandooneofamillionnewactivitiesthatchallengeandexciteyou:playingtabletennisorbridgedoingcrosswordpuzzleslearningalanguagE.Whenitcomestopreventingageingyoureallydo'useitorloseit'saysBarbaraSahakianprofessoratCambridgeUniversity.67.Dr.Merzenich’strainingmethodmainlydependson________.A.speechtrainingB.computerlanguagesC.theactivitiesonejoinsinD.theinformationbeingdealtwith68.Bysayingthebrainatanyageishighlyplasticthewriterprobablymeansthebraincanbe______.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched69.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.PracticemakesaquickminD.B.Brainresearchstartedtenyearsago.C.Dr.MerzenichisascientistincomputerD.Peoplebelievednothingcouldstopthebrainslowingdown.70.Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththewriter'sidea?A.ThetrainingmethodsworkbetterfortheolD.B.Peopleshouldusethebraintostopitfromageing.C.ThetrainingofthebrainshouldstartatanearlyagE.D.It'snecessarytotakepartinasmanyactivitiesaspossiblE.

Peopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabouttheproblemofpollution.Pollutioniscausedeitherbyman'sreleaseofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironmentorbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstancesuchasoiltankersintotheseA.Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylivesisboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalanceortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensiblybutclearlywhilemoreandmorenewandcomplexgoodsareproducetherewillbenewdangerouswastestobedisposedofforexamplethewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeoplethereforeseepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblemthatisthewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculturewherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations.HoweverthelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingusedinsomecasestooheavilyandartificialfertilizercannotrestorethebalancE.Whateveritsunderlyingreasonsthereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompaniesindividualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.InthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwastE.Foodcomeswrappedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereuseD.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblembutalsoisagreatwasteofresourcesintermofglassmetalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingsweneitherwantnorneedbutalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuyingexcessconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.45.Theunderlinedphrasedisposedofinthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.dealtwithB.exposedC.disapprovedofD.collected46.Inthewriter’sviewthemorenewgoods_______.A.thelesspollutionB.theharderpollutioncanbepreventedC.themorepollutiontherewillbeD.themoreeasilypollutioncanbecontrolled47.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Wecandomuchtoreducepollution.B.Thegovernmentistryinghardtostoppollution.C.IndividualsknowhowtogetridofthehabitoflitteringeverywherE.D.Wecan’tstopbuyingunnecessarythings.48.Peoplecanhelpsolvetheproblemofpollutionby_______.A.urgingtheirgovernmentstocontrollitterandwasteB.makinganti-pollutionadvertisementsC.cuttingdowntheuseofoilandotheroilproductsD.reducingunnecessarybuyingover-consumptionandcarelessdisposalofwastes

山东省兖州市2009届高三高考仿真考试B.篇Anewstudysuggeststhatthemoreteenagerswatchtelevisionthemorelikelytheyaretodevelopdepression沮丧抑郁asyoungadults.Theresearchersusedanationallong-termsurveyofadolescenthealthtoinvestigate调查therelationshipbetweenmediauseanddepression.Theybasedtheirfindingsonmorethanfourthousandadolescentswhowerenotdepressedwhenthesurveybeganin2000.Aspartofthesurveytheyoungpeoplewereaskedhowmanyhoursoftelevisionorvideostheywatcheddaily.Theywerealsoaskedhowoftentheyplayedcomputergamesandlistenedtotheradio.Mediausetotaledanaverageoffiveandone-halfhoursaday.MorethantwohoursofthatwasspentwatchingTV.Sevenyearslaterin2007morethansevenpercentoftheyoungpeoplehadsignsofdepression.Theaverageageatthattimewastwenty-onE.TheresearcherssaytheydidnotfindanysuchrelationshipwiththeuseofothermediasuchasmoviesvideogamesorradioetC.Butthestudydidfindthateveryextrahouroftelevisionmeantaneightpercentincreaseinthechancesofdevelopingsignsofdepression.YoungmenweremorelikelythanyoungwomentodevelopdepressiongiventhesameamountofmediausE.Thestudydidn’texploreifwatchingTVcausesdepression.Butonepossibilityisthatitwastakingtimeawayfromactivitiesthatcouldhelppreventdepression.LastDecemberthejournalSocialIndicatorsResearchpublishedastudyofactivitiesthathelpleadtohappylives.SociologistsfromtheUniversityofMarylandfoundthatpeoplewhodescribethemselvesashappyspendlesstimewatchingtelevisionthanunhappypeoplE.ThestudyfoundthathappypeoplearemorelikelytobesociallyactivetoreadtoattendreligiousservicesandtovotE.61.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe.A.TeensTelevisionandDepressionB.MenDevelopDepressionEasierthanWomenC.MediaUseisHarmfultoAdolescentsD.TakeGreatcareofTeenager’sdepression62.Theresultoftheresearchseemstoprove.A.teenagersaremorelikelytodevelopdepressionthanadultsB.othermediausesdonoharmtoadolescentsC.TVprobablycausesteenagerstogrowupwithdepressionD.thosewhowatchnoTVwillnotdevelopdepression63.Wecanlearnfromthesurveythatofallthemediause.A.computergamesareteenagers’favoriteB.mostteenagersprefertolistentotheradioC.teenagersenjoywatchingTVverymuchD.newspaperisnotincludedinthesurvey64.Accordingtothepassagewhatkindofactivitymayhelppreventdepression?A.Playingcomputergames.B.Takingpartinsports.C.Listeningtotheradio.D.Watchingmovies.65.Wecanconcludethatateenagershould.A.playmorevideogamesinsteadofwatchingTVB.beactiveintakingpartinoutdooractivitiesC.bemoreactiveinwatchingeducationalTVprogrammesD.attendreligiousservicesandcareforpolitics

Treesareusefultomaninthreeveryimportantways:theyprovidehimwithwoodandotherproductstheygivehimshadeandtheyhelptopreventdroughtandfloods.Unfortunatelyinmanypartsoftheworldmanhasnotrealizedthatthethirdoftheseservicesisthemostimportant.InhiseagernesstodrawquickprofitfromthetreeshehascutthemdowninlargenumbersonlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehaD.TwothousandyearsagoarichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuildwarshipswithwhichtogainitselfanempirE.Itgainedtheempirebutwithoutitstreesitssoilbecamehardandpoor.Whentheempirefelltopiecesthecountryfounditselffacedbyfloodsandstarvation.Eventhoughagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftreesitisdifficultforittopersuadethevillagertoseethis.Thevillagerwantswoodtocookhisfoodwithandhecanearnmoneybymakingcharcoalorsellingwoodtothetownsman.Heisusuallytoolazyortoocarelesstoplantandlookaftertrees.Sounlessthegovernmenthasagoodsystemofcontrolorcaneducatethepeopletheforestswillslowlydisappear.Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatthevillagerssonsandgrandsonshavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenmoreserious.Forwheretherearetreestheirrootsbreakthesoilup―allowingtheraintosinkinandalsoholdthesoilthuspreventingitbeingwashedawayeasilybutwheretherearenotreesthesoilbecomeshardandpoor.Therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawayonthesurfacecausingfloodsandcarryingawaywithittherichtopsoilinwhichcropsgrowsowell.Whenallthetopsoilisgonenothingremainsbutaworthlessdesert.63.Thepurposethatthewriterwrotethisarticleforis____.A.totellpeoplethattreesareveryusefultomanB.towarnpeoplenottocutdowntreesanymoreC.towarnthatmanmustn'tdestroyforestsanymoreD.toexplainhowtreeshelptopreventdroughtandfloods64.Inthewriter'sopinion____ortheforestsslowlydisappear.A.measuremustbetakenB.peopleshouldn'tdrawbenefitfromthetreeC.governmentmustrealizetheseriousresultsD.unlesstreesneverbecutdown65.Accordingtothearticleweknowitis____topreventtheforestsfromslowlydisappearing.A.necessarybutimpossibleB.necessarybutdifficultC.impossibleandunimportantD.difficultandimpossible66.Inthelasttwoparagraphsthewriterwantedtomakeitclearthat____.A.wheretherearenotreesthesoilbecomeshardandpoorB.wheretherearemanytreestherearefewerfloodsC.wheretherearenotreesthelandmightbecomedesertslowlyD.floodswillmakethelandbecomedesert

Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoiftherewerenoplants.Thisisbecauseplantscanmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsandmancannotmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsgettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandotheranimals.SoanimalsandmanneedplantsinordertolivE.Thisiswhywefindthattherearesomanyplantsaroundus.Ifyoulookcarefullyattheplantsaroundyouyouwillfindthattherearetwokindsofplants:floweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.Floweringplantscanmakeseeds.Theseedsareprotectedbythefruits.Somefruitshaveoneseedsomehavetwothreeorfourandsomehavemanyseeds.Butafewfruitshavenoseedsatall.Anexampleofafruitwithoutseedsisthebananafruit.Mostnon-floweringplantsdon’tgrowfromseeds.Theygrowfromspores.Sporesaresosmallandlightthattheycanfloatintheair.Wemaysaythatsporesarequitethesameastheseeds.Whenthesesporesfallonwetandshadyplacestheyusuallygrowintonewplants.56.Themainideaofthepassageisthat__________.A.plantsareimportantforlifeB.plantscannotgrowwithoutairC.therearemanyplantsaroundusD.wecannotlivewithoutwater57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Plantscanbedividedintomaintypes:floweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.B.AllfruitshaveseedsinthemC.Seedsareprotectedbythefruits.D.Someplantsgrowfromspores.58.Thewordnon-floweringinthispassagemeans__________.A.开花的B.有花的C.多花的D.不开花的59.Inshadyplacethereis__________.A.alotofsunshineB.alotofwaterC.nowaterD.littlesunshine

IfEnglishmeansendlessnewwordsdifficultgrammarandsometimesstrangepronunciationyouarewrong.Haven'tyounoticedthatyouhavebecomesmartersinceyoustartedtolearnalanguage?AccordingtoanewstudybyaBritishuniversitylearningasecondlanguagecanleadtoanincreaseinyourbrainpower.Researchersfoundthatlearningotherlanguageschangesgreymatter.Thisistheareaofthebrainwhichprocessesinformation.Itissimilartothewaythatexercisebuildsmuscles.ThestudyalsofoundtheeffectisgreatertheyoungerpeoplelearnasecondlanguagE.AteamledbyDrAndreaMechellifromUniversityCollegeLondontookagroupofBritonswhoonlyspokeEnglish.Theywerecomparedwithagroupofearlybilingualswhohadlearntasecondlanguagebeforetheageoffiveaswellasanumberoflaterlearners.Scansshowedthatgreymatterdensity密度inthebrainwasgreaterinbilingualsthaninpeoplewithoutasecondlanguagE.ButthelongerapersonwaitedbeforemasteringanewlanguagethesmallerthedifferencE.Ourfindingssuggestthatthestructureofthebrainischangedbytheexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagesaidthescientists.Itmeansthatthechangeitselfincreasestheabilitytolearn.ProfessorDylanVaughanJonesoftheUniversityofWaleshasresearchedthelinkbetweenbilingualismandmathsskills.Havingtwolanguagesgivesyoutwowindowsontheworldandmakesthebrainmoreflexible灵活的hesaiD.Youareactuallygoingbeyondlanguageandhaveabetterunderstandingofdifferentideas.ThefindingswerematchedinastudyofnativeItalianspeakerswhohadlearnedEnglishasasecondlanguagebetweentheagesof2and34.ReadingwritingandcomprehensionwerealltesteD.Theresultsshowedthattheyoungertheystartedtolearnthebetter.Studyingalanguagemeansyougetanentrancetoanotherworldexplainedthescientists.6.Themainsubjecttalkedaboutinthispassageis________.A.scienceonlearningasecondlanguageB.man'sabilityoflearningasecondlanguageC.languagecanhelpbrainpowerD.languagelearningandmathsstudy7.Inthesecondparagraphthewritermentionsexerciseinorderto________.A.saylanguageisalsoakindofphysicallaborB.provethatoneneedsmorepracticewhenhesheislearningalanguageC.showtheimportanceofusingthelanguagewhenyoulearnthelanguageD.makepeoplebelievelanguagelearninghelpsgreymatterworkwell8.Theunderlinedwordbilingualprobablymeans________.A.aresearcheronlanguagelearningB.asecondlanguagelearnerC.apersonwhocanspeaktwolanguagesD.anactivelanguagelearner9.Wemayknowfromthescientificfindingsthat________.A.theearlieryoustarttolearnasecondlanguagethehigherthegreymatterdensityisB.thereisnodifferencebetweenalatersecondlanguagelearnerandonewhodoesn'tknowasecondlanguageC.theexperienceoflearningasecondlanguagehasbadeffectonpeople'sbrainD.theabilityoflearningasecondlanguageischangingallthetime10.Inthelasttwoparagraphstheauthorwantstotellusthat________.A.learningasecondlanguageisthesameasstudyingmathsB.earlylearningofasecondlanguagehelpsyouagreatdealinstudyothersubjectsC.ItalianisthebestchoiceforyouasasecondlanguageD.you'dbetterchoosetheagesbetween2and34tolearnasecondlanguage

江苏省金坛一中2009届高三5月模拟E.篇BotanythestudyofplantsplaysastrangeroleinthehistoryofhumanknowledgE.FormanythousandsofyearsitwasonefieldaboutwhichhumanshadlittleknowledgE.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeAncestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialsocietiesthatstillexistsadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirproperties特征mustbeveryancient.ThisisreasonablE.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthingsevenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeengreatlyimportanttothegoodofpeoplesnotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsmedicineshousingandagreatmanyotherpurposes.Tribes部落livingtodayinthewoodsoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyassuchhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectrelationwithplantsandthelessclearourknowledgeofbotanygrows.YeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonasurprisingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseoranapplE.WhenourNewStoneAgeancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricherproductionthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewconnectionofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:plantedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandthecollectedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandcloserelationswithplantsinthewildwouldbegintodisappear.67.Whichofthefollowingassumptions假设aboutearlyhumansisexpressedinthepassage?A.Theyprobablyhadwideknowledgeofplants.B.TheyclearlydividedknowledgeintoseparatefieldsC.Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.D.Theyplacedgreatimportanceonownershipofproperty.68.Accordingtothepassagewhyhasgeneralknowledgeofbotanydecreased?A.PeoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresourcE.B.BotanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofsciencE.C.Researchisunabletokeepupwiththeincreasingnumberofplants.D.DirectrelationwithavarietyofplantshasdecreaseD.69.Inparagraph2theunderlinedwordmarvelisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.edgeB.signC.beginningD.wonder70.Accordingtothepassagewhatwasthefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeofagriculture?A.Theinventionofagriculturetoolsandmachines.B.Thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants.C.ThediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplanteD.

WeoftenhearpeoplesayIhaveagoodmemoryforthingslikethatorIcanremembernames.Butdoyouknowmemoryisthesinglemostimportantthingandithasplayedaveryimportantpart?Forearlymenthereweredangerousallaroundthem----badweatherwildanimals.Thekeystokeeponlivinglayinman'sabilitytorememberthesedangersandthewayshehaddealtwiththeminthepast.Inorderformemoriestobestoredthehumanbrainbecamemorecomplex.Andasmanlearnedhowtodealwiththemhebecamecivilized文明.Surprisinglyscientiststodayunderstandlittleaboutmemoryandhowitworks.Theyhavenotyetfoundawaytoopenupthebrainandobserveitsfunctionwithoutdestroyingit.Perhapstherearetwotypesofmemory:short-termandlong-term.Short-termreferstothosefactsthatstaywithusforafewsecondstoafewhours.ForinstancewhenyoustayatahotelyouremembertheroomnumberandforgetassoonasyouleavE.Long-termmemoryontheotherhandmeansyourememberthingsforalongperiodoftimE.Ifyouspendyourhoneymooninaparticularhotelit'slikelythatyou'llrememberyourstayquiteclearly.Scientistsalsobelievethatashort-termmemorycanbecomealong-termmemorythroughconsolidation巩固.A.lotofchemicalandphysicalchangestakeplaceinthepartofthebrain.Althoughthehumanbrainweighsthreepoundsitcontains30billionnervecells神经细胞actinglikeacomputer.Whenthosechangesstrengthenthelinks联系incertainnervecellsathoughbecomesapartofthelong-termmemory.60.Accordingtotheauthorwithoutthedevelopmentofman'smemorytherewouldbe_____.A.nomodernworldB.norecordedhistoryC.noanimalsD.nodangers61.Scientists'knowledgeaboutthefunctionofbrainis_____.A.interestingB.notenoughC.greatD.encouraging62.Short-termmemorycanchangeintolong-termmemoryonconditionthat_____.A.memoryisgoodB.itactslikeacomputerC.peopledomoreexerciseD.thelinksinnervecellsarestrengthenedbycertainchanges63.Sofarthegreatdiscoveryscientistshavemadeaboutthefunctionofbrainis_____.A.theweightofbrainB.twotypesofmemoryC.30billionnervecellsD.chemicalandphysicalchanges

07·山东D.篇SportsshoesthatoutwhethertheirownerhasenoughexercisetowarranttimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeendevisedintheUK.Theshoes—namedSquareEyes—containanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.A.wirelesstransmitterpassestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.ThedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretofightagainsttherapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaysGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversitytoLondonUK.Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodoverweightreallystoodoutshesays.AndIwantedtotacklethatwithmydesign.Onceachildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtherecommendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestthatachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethantwohoursoftelevision.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalspreciselyoneminuteofTVtimE.Existingpedometers计步器normallyclipontoabeltorslipintoapocketandkeepcountofstepsbymeasuringsuddenmovement.Swansaysthesecanbeeasilytrickedintorecordingstepsthroughshaking.Buthershoehasbeenbuilttobeharderforlazyteenagerstocheat.Itispossiblebutitwouldbealotofeffortshesays.Thatwasoneofmymaindesignconsiderations.71.AccordingtoSwanthepurposeofherdesignprojectisto________.A.keeparecordofthestepsofthewearerB.dealwithoverweightamongteenagersC.enablechildrentoresistthetemptationofTVD.preventchildrenfrombeingtrickedbyTVprograms72.WhichofthefollowingistrueofSquareEyesshoes?A.Theyregulateachild’seveningTVviewingtimE.B.Theydetermineachild’sdailypocketmoney.C.Theyhaveraisedthehotissueofoverweight.D.Theycontaininformationofthereceiver.73.Whatisstressedbyhealthexpertsintheirsuggestion?A.Theexactnumberofstepstobetaken.B.TheprecisenumberofhoursspentonTV.C.TheproperamountofdailyexerciseandTVtimE.D.ThewayofchangingstepsintoTVwatchingtimE.74.Comparedwithothersimilarproductsthenewdesign________.A.makesitdifficultforlazyteenagerstocheatB.countsthewearer’sstepsthroughshakingC.recordsthesuddenmovementofthewearerD.sendsteenagers’healthdatatothereceiver75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SmartShoesDecideonTelevisionTimeB.SmartShoesGuaranteeMoreExerciseC.SmartShoesMeasureTimeofExerciseD.SmartShoesStopChildhoodOverweight

07·重庆D.篇TheAfricanelephantthelargestlandanimalremainingonearthisofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem生态系统.UnlikeotheranimalstheAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eateritlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna大草原surroundingsinwhichitlivesthereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat栖息地.Itistheelephant'sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeverydayitkillssmalltreesandunderbushesandpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.TaketherainforestsforexamplE.Intheirnaturalstatethespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplantselephantsmakeopenspacesallowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationstheforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplant-eaterstomovearoundandforsmallplant-eaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangeredspecies.Iftheelephantdisappearsscientistssaymanyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvastareasofforestandsavannagreatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.67.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.B.ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.C.TheeffectofAfricanelephants'searchforfooD.D.TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.68.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasesettingthetermsmostprobablymean?A.FixingthetimE.B.WorseningthestatE.C.Improvingthequality.D.Decidingtheconditions.69.Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A.Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.B.TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.C.Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.D.Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.70.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.A.showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB.pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesC.describingthechangesinspaceorderD.givingexamples

河南省开封市2008届第四次模拟考试D.篇Ifyou'retrainingforamarathonaproperplanforwaterintake摄入isimportant.Ofcoursethere'stheriskofdehydration脱水.Butathletesnowknowtheycanalsogetintotroublebydrinkingtoomuch.Toomuchwaterintakecanlowerlevelsofsodium钠inthebloodThedeathofa28-year-oldwomanfollowingtheBostonMarathoncaughttheattentionofmanyrunnersandledtonewresearch.Expertsadviselongdistancerunnerstoreplacetheliquidstheysweatout.Theirgoalistotrytokeepsomeonefromnotgettingdehydratedbymorethan2percentoftheirbodyweight.Onetechniquefordecidinghowmuchwateryouneedistogettheexactnumbers.Runnershavetoweightthemselvesbeforeandafteraruntodeterminehowmuchwaterthey'velost.Iftheirweightdropsbymorethan2percenttheyhavenotdrunkenoughwater.Hypothermia体温过低occurswhenrunnersdrinksomuchwaterthatbloodsaltlevelsdropoff.A.studypublishedlastyeartested488runnerswhocompletedtheBostonMarathonandfound13percentofthemhaddangerouslylowbloodsaltlevels.Thefirstsignthatrunnersmaynoticeisslightlyswellinginthehands.Theycan’tgettheirringsoffandthentheymightfeelsick.TheymaynotrememberwheretheyarE.Infactmostrunnersgetenoughsalttogetbacktonormallevelsbyeatingjustonemealafterarun.Contrarytotheoldadvicethatrunnersshoulddrinkasmuchastheycantopreventdehydrationthenewresearchhasshownthatthebodyisaremarkablemachinethatactuallytellsyouyouneedwaterwhenyoufeelthirsty.68.Theauthorofthispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith________.A.thesignsandtreatmentfordehydrationB.thelongdistancerunnerswhoneedhelpC.howtomanagewaterintakeduringamarathonD.a284year-oldwomanwhodiedafteraBostonMarathon69.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthepassage?A.TakingmuchsaltduringaruncanavoidswellingontheheaD.B.Eithertoomuchortoolittleofwaterintakeisharmful.C.A.richmealishelpfultoourperformanceinarun.D.Weshouldtakeenoughsaltduringarun.70.Accordingthepassagewhichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A.Toomuchwaterintakeisverynecessaryinalongrun.B.Toomuchwaterintakecanlowerbloodsaltlevels.C.Thirteenofthe488runnershaddangerouslylowbloodsaltlevels.D.Runnersshoulddrinaasmuchastheycantopreventdehydration.