（甘肃省天水一中2010届高三上学期第三阶段考试） E. Every year in the first week of English class, some students inform me that writing is too harD. They never write, unless homework requires it. They find the writing process painful and difficult. How awful it is to be able to speak in a languagE. But not to write in it, especially with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in an enormous mansion and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know, as a teacher my duty is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency and accuracy while providing the opportunity in any writing activity to enhance（增强）the moral and emotional development of my students. One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day. Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice daily. I often see a rise in student confidence and performance after only a few weeks of journal writing. Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole students. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and emotional lives. They build skills so that some say they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation（法规）, or the perfect love letter. That they write in their journals every day puts them a step closer to fluency, eloquence（雄辩）and command of the languagE. 58.What is the purpose of the passage? A.To encourage students to keep a journal every day. B.To analyze students’ problems in learning languages. C.To stress the importance of writing in language learning. D.To introduce an effective way of improving students’ writing. 59.The underlined phrase “an enormous mansion” in Paragraph 2 refers to students’ . A.writing opportunityB.large houseC.large vocabularyD.emotional life 60.In the author’s view, what can students benefit from the journal writing? A.It is beneficial to students’ future career.B.It can make students more emotional. C.It is helpful to students’ homework.D.It can enlarge students’ vocabulary.

HaveyoueverdreamedofvisitingaplanetintheMilkWay银河系Whilethetripsoundsexcitingitwouldtakeyearsandyearstoreachyourdestination.Sointhefuturebedtimeforastronautsmaybemorethanafewhoursofregularshut-eyE.Theywouldhavetosleepforyears.Europeanresearchersarenowconductinghibernation冬眠experiments.Thestudymayhelpthemunderstandwhetherhumanscouldeversleepthroughtheyearsitwouldtakeforaspaceflighttodistantplanets.Iftherewasaneffectivetechnologyitcouldmakedeep-spacetravelarealitysaidMarkAyreoftheEuropeanSpaceAgencylastmonth.Whatseemslikesciencefictionisnotcompletelyunlikely.Researchershavebeenabletousechemicalstoputlivingcellsintoasleep-likestatE.Theyhavenowmovedontosmallnon-hibernatingmammalslikerats.Amajorchallengeisthefactthatcellscanbeverysimplesystemswhereasbodyorgansarefarmorecomplex.It’slikemovingfromasimpleApplecomputertoasupercomputersaidMarcoBiggiogeraahibernationresearcheratItaly’sUniversityofPavia.Justlikebearsandfrogsthehibernationofhumanbeingswouldcauseaperson’smetabolism新陈代谢tolowersotheywouldneedlessenergy.Medicalresearchhoweverisjusthalfofaspaceflighthibernationsystem.Thereisthechallengeofdesigningasuitableprotectiveshelter栖身所.SuchashelterwouldprovidetheproperenvironmentforhibernationsuchasthepropertemperatureItwouldalsohavetomonitor监控lifefunctionsandservethephysiologicalneedsofthehibernator.AccordingtoAyrethesix-personhumanOuterPlanetsExplorationMissiontojupiter’smoon木星的卫星Callistocouldbeanopportunitytousehumanhibernation.Themissionaimstosendsixhumansonafive-yearflighttoCallistowheretheywillspend30daysin2045.54.Accordingtothearticlethehibernationresearch________.A.isjustanideaB.isalwaysasciencefictionC.hasalreadyfinishedsuccessfullyD.hasmadesomeprogress55.Thereare________majorchallengesfacingscientistswhostudyhibernation.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five56.Thefirstuseofthehibernationtechnology________thesix-personhumanOuterPlanetsExplorationMissiontojupiter’smoonCallisto.A.mustheB.hasbeenplannedforC.iscertaintobeD.maybe57.Whatisthebesttitleforthearticle?A.HibernationStudyforSpaceTravelB.WelcometoOurSpaceTravelC.ToHibernatetoLiveLongerD.WelcometoMilkWay

Geniusesamazeusimpressusandmakeusallalittlejealous.Howdotheydifferfromtheaverageperson?Scientistsareworkinghardtofigureoutthatanswer.TuneintotheNationalGeographicChanneltofindoutaboutthediscoveriesthey’remakingintheseriesMyBrilliantBrain.WhenMarcYuwasonlytwoyearsoldhebegantoplaythepiano.AfterayearhestartedlearningpiecesbyBeethoven.Nowhe’saworld-famousconcertpianistatageeight.Helearnsnewerandmoredifficultpieceswitheaseandcanidentifyanynotehehears.Heseemstobespeciallydesignedformusic.InBornGeniusNationalGeographiclooksatthesciencebehindchildprodigies神童toexplainwhysomechildrenseemtobebornwithoutlimits.Geniusdidn’tcomenaturallytoTommyMcHugh.Hiscameonlyafterhenearlydiedfrombleedinginhisbrain.AfterrecoveringMcHugh’sheadwasfilledwithnewthoughtsandpictures.Sohebegantoexpressthemintheformofpoetryandart.Nowhe’saseeminglyunstoppablecreativemachine.Sufferersofautismandbraininjuryhaveshownthatgreatmentalabilitycansometimescomefromdamageordisease.AccidentalGeniusexploresthispuzzlingrelationship.Cannormalpeoplebetrainedtobegeniuses?SusanPolgerhasshownnosignsofextraordinaryintelligence.Yetduringherchildhoodshestudiedthousandsofchesspatternsandlearnedtorecognizethemimmediately.Asaresultshewasabletobeatskilledadultplayersbyage10andcannowplayuptofivegamesatthesametimewithoutevenseeingtheboards.MakeMeaGeniusexamineswhatittakestoturnanordinarybrainintothatofagenius.Ifbecomingageniuswereeasywe’dallbeone.Yetthereismuchmoretosuperintelligencethansimplybeingbornlucky.LearnmoreaboutamazingbrainsthismonthonNationalGeographic’sMyBrilliantBrain.56.MyBrilliantBrainsismostprobablyfrom_______.A.awebsiteB.theradioC.amagazineD.anewspaper57.TheauthortakesMarcYuasanexampletoshowthatachildprodigyis.A.apersonwholearnssomethingeasilyB.achildwhoiseagertolearnnewthingsC.astudentwhopracticesaninstrumentalotD.akidwhoworkshardtodowellinschool58.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.NewthingsaboutthebrainarestillbeingdiscovereD.B.Peoplewithoutnaturalabilitiescanlearntodothingswell.C.Somepeoplenaturallyhavemoreactivebrains.D.Peopleareusuallysmarterwhentheyrecoverfrombraininjury.59.WhatwouldbethebestwaytodescribeSusanPolger’sspecialabilities?A.Born.B.Magical.C.Developed.D.Ridiculous.60.Fromthepassageweknowthat.A.scientistscompletelyunderstandthebrainB.peoplecanonlybebornasgeniusesC.there’snosuchthingasatruegeniusD.therearemanyfactorsinbeingagenius61.Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby.A.providingtypicalexamplesB.followingthenaturaltimeorderC.presentingacauseandanalyzingitseffectsD.comparingopinionsfromdifferentscientists

10·湖南C.篇PeoplefromEastAsiatendtohavemoredifficultythanthosefromEuropeindistinguishingfacialexpressions—andanewreportpublishedonlineinCurrentBiologyexplainswhy.RachaelJackUniversityofGlasgowresearchersaidthatratherthanscanningevenly均匀的acrossafaceasWesternersdoEasternersfixtheirattentionontheeyes.WeshowthatEasternersandWesternerslookatdifferentfacefeaturestoreadfacialexpressionsJacksaiD.WesternerslookattheeyesandthemouthinequalmeasurewhereasEasternersfavortheeyesandneglect忽略themouth.AccordingtoJackandhercolleaguesthediscoveryshowsthathumancommunicationofemotionismorecomplexthanpreviouslybelieveD.Asaresultfacialexpressionsthathadbeenconsidereduniversallyrecognizablecannotbeusedtoreliablyconveyemotionincross-culturalsituations.Theresearchersstudiedculturaldifferencesintherecognitionoffacialexpressionsbyrecordingtheeyemovementsof13WesternCaucasianand13EastAsianpeoplewhiletheyobservedpicturesof.expressivefacesandputthemintocategories:happysadsurprisedfearfuldisgustedangryorneutral.Theycomparedhowaccuratelyparticipantsreadthosefacialexpressionsusingtheirparticulareyemovementstrategies.ItturnedoutthatEasternersfocusedmuchgreaterattentionontheeyesandmadesignificantlymoreerrorsthandidWesterners.TheculturaldifferenceineyemovementsthattheyshowisprobablyareflectionofculturaldifferenceinfacialexpressionsJacksaiD.OurdatasuggestthatwhereasWesternersusethewholefacetoconveyemotionEasternersusetheeyesmoreandmouthless.Inshortthedatashowthatfacialexpressionsarenotuniversalsignalsofhumanemotion.Fromhereonexamininghowculturalfactorshavediversifiedthesebasicsocialskillswillhelpourunderstandingofhumanemotion.OtherwisewhenitcomestocommunicatingemotionsacrossculturesEasternersandWesternerswillfindthemselveslostintranslation.66.ThediscoveryshowsthatWesterners.A.payequalattentiontotheeyesandthemouthB.considerfacialexpressionsuniversallyreliableC.observetheeyesandthemouthindifferentwaysD.havemoredifficultyinrecognizingfacialexpressions67.Whatwerethepeopleaskedtodointhestudy?A.Tomakeafaceateachother.B.TogettheirfacesimpressivE.C.Toclassifysomefacepictures.D.Toobservetheresearchers'faces.68.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordtheyinParagraph6referto?A.Theparticipantsinthestudy.B.Theresearchersofthestudy.C.Theerrorsmadeduringthestudy.D.Thedatacollectedfromthestudy.69.IncomparisonwithWesternersEasternersarelikelyto.A.dotranslationmoresuccessfullyB.studythemouthmorefrequentlyC.examinetheeyesmoreattentivelyD.readfacialexpressionsmorecorrectly70.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEyeastheWindowtotheSoulB.CulturalDifferencesinReadingEmotionsC.EffectiveMethodstoDevelopSocialSkillsD.HowtoIncreaseCross-culturalUnderstanding

05·湖南E.篇AtDallm/FortWorthAirportthelightsarecontrolledbysensorsthatmeasuresunlight.Theydimimmediatelywhenit'ssunnymdbrightenwhenapassingcloudblocksthesun.A.wallofwindowsataUniversityofPennsylvaniaengineeringbuddinghasbuilt-inblinds百页窗controlledbyacomputerprogramthatfollowsthesun'spath.Buildingsaregettingsmarter--andthenextgenerationofbuildingmaterialsexpectedtodoevenmorE.Windowscouldcatchthesun'senergytoheatwater.Sensorsthatmeasurethecarbondioxidebreathedoutbypeopleinamomcoulddeterminewhethertheairconditioningneedstobeturnedup.Manynewmaterialsandtechnologyhavebeendesignedinthelast15years.TheynowbeingusedinawaveofbuildingsdesignedtosaveasmuchenergyaspossiblE.Theyincludeoldideaslikegreenroofswhereabeltofplantsonaroofhelpsthebuildingkeepheatinwinterandstaycoolinsummerandnewideaslikespecialcoatingforwindowsthatletslightinbutkeepsheatout.AstechnologiessuchassensorsbecomecheapertheirusesspreaD.Theelevators电梯atSevenWorldTradeCenterwhichisunderconstructioninNewYorkuseasystemthatgroupspeopletravelingtonearbyfloorintothesameelevatorthussavingelevatorstops.Peoplewhoworkinthebuildingwillenteritbyswiping刷IDcardsthatwilltelltheelevatorstheirfloor;readoutswillthentellthemwhichelevatortousE.Thebuildingalsohaswindowswithacoatingthatblockshealwhilelettinginlight.Morenewbuildingmaterialsandtechnologyareindevelopment.A.Philadelphiabuildingfarmisnowworkingonsmartwrapthatusestinysolarcollectorstocatchthesun'senergyandtransmitters传感器thewidthofahumanhairtomoveit.Theyareexpectedtochangethefaceoftheconstructionindustryinthenexttenyearsorso.72.__willbedevelopedandusedintheconstrucctionindustry.A.GreenmopsthatcoolorheatbuildingsB.Smartwrapthatcatchesthesun'senergyC.Sunlight-measuringsensorsthatcontrollightsD.Windowcoatingthatletslightinbutkeepsheatout73.TheelevatorsatSevenWorldTradeCenterarespecialbecausetheycan___A.sendpeopletofloorswithfewerstopsB.teachpeoplehowtousetheirIDcardsC.makepeoplestayverycoolinsummerD.helppeoplegotravelinginthebuilding74.Theunderlinedwordit'inthelastparagraphrefersto_____.A.ahumanbeingB.smartwrapC.thesun'senergyD.atransmitter75.Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.BuildingsAreBecomingSmarterB.BuildingsAreGettingMoreSunlightC.BuildingsAreLackinginMuchEnergyD.BuildingsAreUsingCheaperMaterials

Believeitornotopticalillusion错觉cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashesonsomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasimpleopticalillusion.Butstripescalledchevrons人字形paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyareandthusdriversslowdown.NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundation基金会forTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyearthefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessive过多的speedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidentsaccordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidentsthefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazards危险arethegreatestcurvesexitslopestrafficcirclesandbridges.Somestudiessuggestthatstraighthorizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitially起初cuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.Howevertrafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevronsscientistssaynotonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.59.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________.A.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrolB.anewpatternforpaintinghighwaysC.anewwayoftrainingdriversD.anewtypeofopticalillusion60.Onroadspaintedwithchevronsdriverstendtofeelthat________.A.theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazardsB.theyaredrivinginthewronglaneC.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeedD.theyarecomingneartothespeedlimit61.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraighthorizontalbarsisthattheformer________.A.cankeepdriversawakeB.cancutroadaccidentsinhalfC.willlookmoreattractiveD.willhavealongereffectondrivers62.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto________.A.tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareasB.changetheroadsignsacrossthecountryC.replacestraighthorizontalbarswithchevronsD.repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns

Haveyoueverbeenfrustrated沮丧的whenlefttalkingtoyourselfafteryourmobilephonebatteryrunsoutinthemiddleofacall?Ifyesthenherecomessomegoodnews.Scientistsarenowperfectingawaytorecharge充电electricalequipmentwhileonthemove.ResearchersfromtheNetherlandsFranceandPortugalannouncedlastweekthattheyhavedevelopedverythinsolarpanels太阳能板thatcanbeputonclothes.Theycanalsobeaddedtofurnitureandrooftops.Theychangelightfromthesunintoelectricity.Inaboutthreeyearsyou'llbeabletowearajacketthatwillrechargeyourphoneasyouwalk.Forcampingfansthedevelopmentcouldleadtoatentwhichchargesbatteriesalldaysoyoucanhavelightormusicatnight.Thebasictechnologyofwearablesolarpanelsisthesameasthatusedforconventional传统的solarpanels.Pairsofsheetsofsemi-conductingsilicon半导体硅arelinkedtogethertoformthepanel.Butscientistsmadethemmuchthinnerbyusingdifferentsilicon.Atonemicro-metretheyarethesamethicknessasphotographicfilm.ThistechnologywillmakeiteasierforpeopletousecleanenergysourcessaidGerritKroesenaphysicistintheNetherlandswholedtheteamofscientists.Butthethinpanelsarenotasefficientasthethickerones.Whilesomesolarpanelsnowoperateatanefficiencyofabout20percentthenewflexible柔韧的panelsareonly7percentefficient.Butthescientistsbelievethatthisisworthacceptingforastrongerandmoreusefulpanel.Butthethinnerpanelischeaper.AnA4sizedpanelputontothebackofajacketcostslessthanUS$13.ItcouldchargeacellphoneduringasummerwalkinthecountrysidE.Aslongasyoustaywithinrangeofthetransmittingmasts发射天线thatrelayacalltothenetworksphoneswillneveragainrunoutofpower.72.Whatisthemeaningofthephraseonthemoveinparagraph2?A.Takingacourseofaction.B.Goingfromoneplacetoanother.C.Changingclothesbeforemoving.D.Changingthemobilephonebattery.73.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.A.waytorechargeelectricalequipment.B.Anewkindofchargeablebattery.C.A.newtypeofmobilephonE.D.Auseofmobilephones.74.Whatisthemostimportantinthedevelopmentofthetechnology?A.Photographicfilm.B.Warmerclothes.C.Furnitureandrooftops.D.Thinflexiblesolarpanels.75.WhatisNOTlikelytohappeninthefuture?A.YoucanlistentomusicinacampsiteusingtheelectricityfromsunshinE.B.Yourmobilephonebatteryrunsoutinthemiddleofacall.C.YouwearajacketthatwillrechargeyourphonE.D.Youcanchangelightfromthesunintoelectricity.

Nervoussuspects嫌疑犯lockedupinBritain'snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowColouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrimetheblueonthewallmighttipthebalance.GwentPolicehaveabandonedcolourssuchasgreysandbrownsofthe20th-centurypolicecell牢房andhaveusedcolourpsychologytodecoratethem.YstradMynachstationwhichrecentlyopenedatacostof￡5millionhasfourcellswithglassdoorsforprisonerswhosufferfromclaustrophobia幽闭__症.Designershavepaintedtheframesyellowwhichresearcherssayisacalmingcolour.Othercellscontainaroyalbluelinebecausepsychologistsbelievethatthecolourislikelytoencouragetruthfulness.Thestationhas31cellsincluding12withalivescansystemfordrunkenordisturbedprisonerswhichdetectstheriseandfalloftheirchest.Analarmalertsofficersifaprisoner'sbreathingstopsandcarriesonringinguntilthedoorisopeneD.Designersandpsychologistshaveworkedforyearsoncolour.Blueissaidtosuggesttrustefficiencydutylogiccoolnessthinkingandcalm.Italsosuggestscoldnessandunfriendliness.Itisthoughtthatstrongblueswillstimulateclearthoughtandlightersoftcolourswillcalmthemindandaidconcentration.Yellowislinkedwithconfidenceself-respectandfriendliness.Getthecolourwronganditcouldcausefeardepressionandanxietybuttherightyellowcanliftspiritsandself-respect.IngridCollinsapsychologistwhospecializesintheeffectsofcoloursaidthatcolourwasanenergyforce.Shesaid:BluedoesenhancecommunicationbutIamnotsureitwouldenhancetruthfulcommunication.YellowshesaidaffectedtheminD.Redontheotherhandshouldneverbeconsideredbecauseitcouldincreaseaggression.MrsCollinspraisedthedesignersforusingcoloursinthecells.GwentisnotthefirstBritishforcetoexperimentwithcolourtocalmdownorpersuadeprisonerstoco-operatE.Inthe1990sStrathclydePoliceusedpinkincellsbasedonresearchcarriedoutbytheUSNavy.45.Theexpressiontipthebalanceinparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight____.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalanceB.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimesC.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourtD.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours46.WhichofthefollowingcoloursshouldNOTbeusedincellsaccordingtomepassage?A.Pink.B.YellowC.BluE.D.ReD.47.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______A.therelationshipbetweencoloursandpsychologyB.acomparisonofdifferentfunctionsofcoloursC.theuseofcoloursincellstoaffectcriminals’psychologyD.scientificwaystohelpcriminalsreformthemselvesinprison

NativetoAmericathecanetoad癞蛤蟆wasintroducedtonorthernQueensland70yearsagotocontrolsugarcanebeetles甘蔗害虫.ThetoadsfailedinthatdutybutspreadacrossQueenslandandintoneighboringnorthernareA.Nowitcalmlyinvades侵略thestatesofWesternAustraliaandNewSouthWalesNSW.NSWwildlifeexpertsfeartheamphibians--whichhavepoisonousbacksthatkillhungrypredators食肉动物--willhaveaterribleeffectonnativeanimals.ThosefearsmaybeabouttoberealizeD.Australia’sleadinggovernmentresearchbodytheCommonwealthScienceandIndustryResearchorganizationCSIROforecastsariseinaveragetemperaturesthatwillmakeNSWideallivingplaceforthecanetoaD.TonyRobinsonheadofCSIRO’sWildlifePestsandDiseasesProgramsaidclimatechangeisincreasingtheamountofsuitablelivingplaceforthetoaD.WithclimatechangethecanetoadsmightgodownasfarasSydneyandsomeareasofWesternAustraliaRobinsonsaiD.Recentestimatesputthepaceofthetoad’swestwardmarchatnearly17miles27kilometersayearandslightlyslowerfromnorthtosouth.MoresoutherlycitiessuchasMelbourneandAdelaidewouldlikelyremaintoocoldanddrytoeversuitthetoadsRobinsonnotedbutPerthcouldexpectcanetoadsinfiveyears’timE.Sydneycouldseetheirarrivalinthenext20years.Robinsonsaidthereisno0nemethodthatwillkeepthetoadsundercontrol.ThecanetoadsalreadycoveratleasthalfofQueenslandandmostofthenortherncountrythetoadsarebelievedtonumberinthebillions.AVenezuelanviruswastriedinthe1990sbuthadtobegivenupafteritwasfoundtoalsokillnativefrogspecies.ScientistsandgovernmentalbodiesbelieveanationalapproachisneedeD.Themainthreatthetoadscausetospeciessuchasdingosquollsgoannasandcrocodilesisthepoisoncontainedinglands腺oneachofthefrogs'shoulders.Thepoisonspraysoutwhenthetoadsarethreatenedorhandledroughly.Thepoisonismadeupof14differentchemicals.Togethertheycauserapidheartbeatsexcessivesalivationconvulsionsandparalysis.CanetoadsalsocompeteandusuallywinthehuntforfoodandlivingspacE.IfthegovernmentandotherstatescombineresourcesIbelievewecanachieveaverypracticalbiological-controlresearchprogramBurnssaiD.72.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassageA.PoisonToadsLeapAcrossAustraliaB.StrategiesToKeeptheToadsUnderControlC.TheMainThreattheCaneToadsCauseD.ClimateFavourstheSpreadofCaneToads.73.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueaboutthecanetoadsA.Thecanetoadsarestrongenoughtokilldingosquollsorevencrocodiles.B.With14differentkindsofpoisonsinitsbodyacanetoadalwayswinsthehuntforfooD.C.ThecanetoadwasbroughttoAustraliatokillpestsfromAmerica70yearsago.D.ThetoadsmovewestwardandnorthwardbecausethereisplentyoffoodtherE.74.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.Thecanetoadbitesitsenemydeadwhenitisthreatenedorhandledrudely.B.Thecanetoadhasalreadythreatenedthesurvivalofthenativespecies.C.Scientistsandgovernmentalbodieshaveachievedasuccessfulbiological-controlprogram.D.Thecanetoadlikeswarmandwetweather.75.Theunderlinedwordstheamphibiansinthethirdparagraphmean.A.hungrypredatorsB.sugarcanebeetlesC.thecanetoadsD.dingos

Scientistsarecloselyconcernedwiththestructureofbuildingsandwiththequalityofbuildingmaterials.TheWorldhealthOrganizationWHOobservesthattheintroductionofairconditioningandenergyconservation保护measureshavebeenaccompaniedbygrowingproblemsofindoorairquality.Somepollutantsarisefrominsulation隔音productssomefrommovingcarsandothersfrommodernhousingmaterials.AsmanyEuropeansspendupto90%oftheirlivesinbuildingsthehealtheffectsoftheindoorclimateareveryimportant.Someconstructionmaterialsincludingfiberboardinsulationfoamsandcertaingluesforman-madewoodfloorboardsforexamplegiveoutorganicproductssuchasformaldehyde甲醛.Heatandhumidityincreasethereleaseofformaldehydeandthegasseriouslyharmstheeyes.PaintlacqueretC.canalsoreleasedangerousgasintoindoorair.Constructionmaterialscancauseseriousdamageespeciallywhentheycontainasbestos石棉.AsbestosisnaturallypresentinrockformationsworldwidE.Itbelongstoafamilyofmineralsubstancesmadeupofsolidnon-combustible非易燃品fiber.Thesepropertiesmakeasbestosahighlysought-afterconstructionmaterial.Asearlyas1931howeverpublichealthofficersintheUnitedKingdomrevealedtheconnectionbetweenbreathinginasbestosdustandsuchdiseasesaslungcancer.Thelandonwhichabuildingissitedmayalsocontributetopollution.Somekindsofgraniteorsimilarrockscontaintracesofradium.Asitbreaksdownthisnaturallyradioactiveelementproducessomekindofradioactivegasthatgoesthroughtinycracksinwallsfloorsandbuildingmaterialsandmakesitswayintothebuildingandtherooms.Thebetterthehomesareinsulatedthemoreisthedangerousgasinindoorair.Themaineffectofthisdangerousgasonhealthistoincreasetheriskoflungcancer.53.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Somebuildingmaterialspolluteindoorair.B.Somefactorscauseindoorairpollution.C.Asbestoscancauselungcancer.D.Thelandonwhichhousesarebuiltcontributestoindoorpollution.54.WhyareEuropeansparticularlyconcernedwithbuildingmaterials?A.LotsofbuildingmaterialsthereareradioactivE.B.Theystayhomeupto90%oftheirlives.C.Theyhaveahighrateoflungcancer.D.Theyspendmostoftheirtimeindoors.55.Whyisasbestosasought-afterbuildingmaterial?A.Itisakindofinsulationfoam.B.Asbestoswillnotgiveoutdangerousgas.C.ThismaterialisnoteasytocatchfirE.D.Itisrarelypresentinrockformations.56.Whyshouldwebecarefulaboutthelandonwhichabuildingistobesited?A.Todeterminewhetherthelandisfirmenoughforabuildingtobesitedon.B.Tomakesurethatthelandcontainsnoradioactivematerial.C.Tomakecertainthatthelandreleasesnoformaldehydeorothergases.D.Tocheckwhetheritcontainsanycombustiblematerials.

D.Healthofficialsissuedawaringovercommonenergy-savingl一ghtbulbs灯泡afterresearchshowedsometypescouldpotentiallyharmtheskinandmayevenraisetheriskofcancer.AstudybytheHealthProtectionAgencyHPAfoundthatsomeeco-friendlylightbuulbsreleaselevelsofultravioletUV紫外线radiationthatareaboverecognizedsafetylimits.Theagencyurgedpeoplewhoworkwithlampsnearbytoavoidspendingmorethanonehourwithinafootoftheeco-friendlybulbs.Thewarningwasdirectedatthoseusingdesklampsforlongperiodssuchasjewellerymakersandotherswhomighthavelightsclosetotheirfacessuchascarmechanics.JohnO’HaganascientistattheHPA’scentreforradiationchemicalandenvironmentaldangersbegantestsontheligthbulbsafterpatientgroupsraisedconcernaboutthem.Amongthegroupswerepatientswithaskindiseasecalledlupuswhichmakespeoplehighlysensitivetolight.ThetestsmeasuredUVlightfromthelampsandfoundthehighestlevelsofUVradiationmeasured2cmfromthelightbulbswereequivalenttobeingoutsideindirectsunlightinthesummer.Themostimmediateriskfromthelightbulbsisareddeningoftheskinsimilartosunburnbutthereisalsoasmallincreasedriskofskincancerassociatedwiththisagainsimilartothatofsunburn.Theriskofhealthproblemsfromthelightbulbswasnotsohighthatpeopleshouldremovethemfromtheirhomes.Peopleareadvisedtoavoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongcloseworkuntiltheproblemissortedout.Ithasconfirmedthatthegovernmentwillnotbereviewingitsstrategyonintroducingenergyefficientlightbulbs.68.Theunderlinedwordequivalentinparagraph4mostprobablymeans___.A.equalB.vitalC.relevantD.harmful69.InordernottobeharmedbytheUVradiationfromsomelightbulbspeopleshould___.A.stopusingeco-friendlylightbulbsathomeB.avoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongcloseworkC.takecarenottoexposetheirskintodirectsunlightD.urgethegovernmenttobantheuseoflightbulbs70.Inthenextparttheauthorwouldmostprobablyfurtherexplain_____.A.whypeopleneedn’tremovethelightbulbsfromtheirhomesB.howresearchershaveplannedtosortouttheproblemC.howthegovernmenthasrespondedtoHPA’sdiscoveryD.howlongpeopleshouldworkclosetotheopenlightbulbs71.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____.A.healthofficialsissuedawarningovercommonlightbulbs.B.jewellerymakersshouldavoidworkingwiththeeco-friendlybulbsformorethanonehourC.JohnO’HagandidtestsonthelightbulbswithsomepatientsD.peopleareadvisedtoavoidusingopenlightbulbsforlongclosework

09·安徽E.篇Arainforestisanareacoveredbytalltreeswiththetotalhighrainfallspreadingquiteequallythroughtheyearandthetemperaturerarelydippingbelowl6℃.RainforestshaveagreateffectontheworldenvironmentbecausetheycantakeinheatfromthesunandadjusttheclimatE.WithouttheforestcovertheseareaswouldreflectmoreheatintotheatmospherewarmingtherestoftheworlD.LosingtherainforestsmayalsoinfluencewindandrainfallpatternspotentiallycausingcertainnaturaldisastersallovertheworlD.Inthepasthundredyearshumanshavebegundestroyingrainforestsinsearchofthreemajorresources资源landforcropswoodforpaperandotherproductslandforraisingfarmanimals.ThisactionaffectstheenvironmentasawholE.Forexamplealotofcarbondioxide二氧化碳intheaircomesfromburningtherainforests.Peopleobviouslyhaveaneedfortheresourceswegainfromcuttingtreesbutwewillsuffermuchmorethanwewillbenefit.Therearetwomainreasonsforthis.Firstlywhenpeoplecutdowntreesgenerallytheycanonlyusethelandforayearortwo.Secondlycuttinglargesectionsofrainforestsmayprovideagoodsupplyofwoodrightnowbutinthelongrunitactuallyreducestheworld’swoodsupply.Rainforestsareoftencalledtheworld’sdrugstorE.Morethan25％ofthemedicinesweusetodaycomefromplantsinrainforests.Howeverfewerthanl％ofrainforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheirmedicalvaluE.Itisextremelylikelythatourbestchancetocurediseasesliessomewhereintheworld’sshrinkingrainforests.72.Rainforestscanhelptoadjusttheclimatebecausethey.A.reflectmoreheatintotheatmosphereB.bringabouthighrainfallthroughouttheworldC.rarelycausethetemperaturetodroplowerthanl6℃D.reducetheeffectofheatfromthesunontheearth73.Whatdoesthewordthisunderlinedinthethirdparagraphreferto?A.Wewilllosemuchmorethanwecangain.B.Humanshavebegundestroyingrainforests.C.Peoplehaveastrongdesireforresources.D.Muchcarbondioxidecomesfromburningrainforests.74.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatA.wecangetenoughresourceswithoutrainforestsB.thereisgreatmedicinepotentialinrainforestsC.wewillgrowfewerkindsofcropsinthegainedlandD.thelevelofannualrainfallaffectswindpatterns75.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoSaveRainforestsB.HowtoProtectNatureC.RainforestsandtheEnvironmentD.RainforestsandMedicalDevelopment

Anapehasalargerbrainthananyanimalexceptmanthoughitismuchsmallerthanaman’sbrain.Apesallbelongtothehotcountriesoftheworld―tropicalAfricaandSouth―eastAsiA.Thegorillaisthelargestoftheapes.Heisastallassixfeetwhenstandingupright.ManypeoplethinkthatgorillasareveryfiercE.Theyareoftendescribedasstandinguprightlikeamanbeatingtheirfistsandroaring.IntheirhomeintheforestsofCentralAfricahowevertheyarenotatalllikethisTheyarepeacefulanimalsandneverusetheirgreatstrengthunlessattackeD.Eventhentheyretreatiftheycan.Gorillashaveblackfacesandlongblackhairycoats.Theyfeedduringthedayonplantsandfruit.Atnighttheoldmaleoftensleepsonthegroundatthefootofatreewhiletheotherseachmakeasleepingplatforminthetreebendingtheleafybranches.Besidesthisgorillasclimbtreesveryseldom.56.Apeslivein___________.A.differentpartsoftheworldB.thecoldcountriesC.SouthAmericaandAfricaD.thecountriesofAfricaandsouth―eastAsia57.Anape’sbrainis__________.A.aslargeasaman’sbrainB.alotsmallerthanaman’sbrainC.largerthanthatofanyotheranimalincludingmanD.alotlargerthanaman’sbrain58.A.gorillaisaboutsixfeettallwhenhe__________.A.standsonhislegsB.standonhisarmsC.roarsD.useshisgreatstrength59.Allgorillasliveon____________.A.vegetablesB.leavesandgrassC.plantsandfruitD.rice60.Duringthenightgorillausuallysleepintreesexcept__________.A.theoldfemalegorillaB.theoldmalegorillaC.theyounggorillasuptosixyearsoldD.thebabygorillas

08·宁夏海南全国ⅠB.篇Morethan10yearsagoitwasdifficulttobuyatastypineapple.ThefruitsthatmadeittotheUKweregreenontheoutsideandmoreoftenthannothardwithanunpleasanttastewithin.Thenin1996theDelMonteGoldpineappleproducedinHawaiifirsthitourshelves.Thenewtypeofpineapplelookedmoreyellowy-goldthangreen.Itwasslightlysofterontheoutsideandhadalotofjuiceinside.Butthemostimportantthingaboutthisnewtypeofpineapplewasthatitwastwiceassweetasthehit-and-misspineappleswehadknown.InnotimetheDelMonteGoldtookthemarketbystormrapidlybecomingtheworld’sbest-sellingpineapplevarietyanddeliveringnaturallevelsofsweetnessinthemouthupuntilthenonlyfoundintinnedpineapple.Innutrition营养itwasallgoodnewstoo.Thisnice-tastingpineapplecontainedfourtimesmorevitaminC维生素C.thantheoldgreenvariety.Nutritionistssaidthatitwasnotonlyfullofvitaminsbutalsogoodagainstsomediseases.Peoplewereunderstandablyeagertobeabletobuythiswonderfulfruit.ThenewtypeofpineapplewassellingfastandtheDelMonteGoldpineapplerapidlybecameafixtureintheshoppingbasketofthehealthyeater.SeeingthegrowingmarketforitswinningpineappleDelMontetriedtokeepthemarkettoitself.Butotherfruitcompaniesdevelopedsimilarpineapples.DelMonteturnedtolawforhelpbutfailed.ThosecompaniesarguedsuccessfullythatDelMonte’sattemptstokeepthegoldenpineappleforitselfwerejustawaytoknockthemoutofthemarket.60.Welearnfromthetextthatthenewtypeofpineappleis________.A.greenoutsideandsweetinsideB.good-lookingoutsideandsoftinsideC.yellowy-goldoutsideandhardinsideD.alittlesoftoutsideandsweetinside61.Whywasthenewtypeofpineapplesellingwell?A.Itwasrichinnutritionandtastednice.B.Itwaslesssweetandgoodforhealth.C.ItwasdevelopedbyDelMonte.D.Itwasusedasmedicine.62.TheunderlinedwordfixtureinParagraph3probablyreferstosomething________.A.thatpeopleenjoyeatingB.thatisalwayspresentC.thatisdifficulttogetD.thatpeopleuseasagift63.WelearnfromthelastparagraphthatDelMonte________.A.allowedothercompaniestodeveloppineapplesB.succeededinkeepingthepineappleforitselfC.triedhardtocontrolthepineapplemarketD.plannedtohelptheothercompanies

Sixchimps猩猩wereintroducedtoaslotmachinecalledtheChimp-O-Matwhichwouldgiveoutonegrapewhenawhitecoinwasinsertintotheslot.WhenDrWolfshowedayoungchimpnamedMooshowhecouldwinhimselfagrapebyinsertingacoinMoosimmediatelypickedupanothercoinpusheditintotheslotthenstuckouthispawandwaitedforagrapetodropout..Besideswhitecoinsthechimpsweregivenyellowcoinstoinsertintotheslotbutnothingcameoutbecausetheywereworthless.Thechimpssoonlearnedthisfact.WhenahandfulofwhiteandyellowcoinswerethrownintothecagehousingBulaBimbaandAlphathethreechimpsrushedforthewhitecoinsandnevertouchedtheyellowones.Nowthechimpsweremadlyinlovewithmoney.Wouldthesixchimpsvaluemoneyenoughtoworkforit?TofindtheanswerDrWolfedesignedaworkmachinE.ThechimpswereshownthatwhenalargehandlewasliftedtheycouldpickonegrapE.WhentheyhadlearnedtheskillofliftingthehandletogetthegrapeDrWolfmadeachangetothemachinessothatinsteadofthegrapetheywouldfindawhitecoin.ThiscoinwouldstillbuythemonegrapeattheChimp-O-Mat.Thusthecomplexityofgettingagrapewasnotonlydoubledbutalsothemoneytobuythegrapecouldbeachievedonlybyhonestwork.Thehandletheyhadtolifttogetthecoinweighedeightypounds.Greateffortisneededforayoungchimptoraisethatweightyettheformerlylazychimpsnotonlyquicklymasteredthenewoperationbutalsoshowedgreateagernesstoworkformoney.46.ThepurposeoftheChimp-O-Matexperimentwastodiscoverwhetherchimpswouldlearnto________.A.enjoythemselvesB.worktogetherC.usecoinsD.operateamachine47.Inthefirstpartoftheexperimentthechimpslearnedto__________.A.tellthedifferencebetweentheusefulandtheworthlesscoinsB.useyellowcoinstogetgrapesC.waitforthegrapestodropoutD.buygrapeswithcoins48.Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderofthethingsachimpdidinthesecondpartoftheexperiment?A.gotawhitecoinB.gotagrapeC.liftedtheheavyhandleD.insertedacoinintotheChimp-O-MatA.cabdB.cadbC.abdcD.adcb49.Thepassageshowedthat_________.A.DrWolfewasdisappointedwithhisexperimentB.ThechimpscoulddoeverythingiftaughtC.ThechimpswerewillingtoworkifsomethingwaspaidbackD.Thechimp’sunderstandingwasasgoodasaman’s

09·重庆C.篇Sportscanhelpyoukeepfitandgetintouchwithnature.Howeverwhetheryouareonthemountainsinthewavesoronthegrasslandyoushouldbeawarethatyoursportofchoicemighthavegreatinfluenceontheenvironment.Somesportsareresource-hungry.Golfasyoumayknoweatsupnotonlylargeareasofcountrysidebutalsotonsofwater.Besidesallsortsofchemicalsandhugeamountsofenergyareusedtokeepitscourses球场ingoodcondition.Thiscausesmajorenvironmentaleffects.ForexampleinthedryregionsofPortugalandSpaingolfisoftenheldresponsibleforseriouswatershortageinsomelocalareas.Therearemanyenvironment-friendlysports.Powerwalkingisoneofthemthatyoucouldtakeuptoday.Youdon’tneedanyspecialequipmentexceptagoodpairofshoes;andyoudon’thavetoworryaboutresourcesandyourpursE.Simpleandfreepowerwalkingcanalsokeepyoufit.Ifyouwalkregularlyitwillbegoodforyourheartandbones.Expertssaythat20minutesofpowerwalkingdailycanmakeyoufeellessanxioussleepwellandhavebetterweightcontrol.Whateversportyoutakeupyoucanmakeitgreenerbyusingenvironment-friendlyequipmentandbuyingproductsmadefromrecycledmaterials.Butthefinalgoalshouldbegreengyms.Theyarebetterreplacementsfortraditionalhealthclubsandmodernsportscenters.Membersofgreengymsplaysportsoutdoorsinthecountrysideorotheropenspaces.Thereisnospecialrequirementforyoutostartyourmembership.Andbestofallit’sfreE.64.Whichofthefollowingistheauthormostprobablyinfavorof?A.CyclingaroundalakE.B.Motorracinginthedesert.C.Playingbasketballinagym.D.Swimminginasportscenter.65.Whatdoweknowaboutgolffromthepassage?A.ItispopularinPortugalandSpain.B.ItcauseswatershortagesaroundtheworlD.C.Itpollutestheearthwithchemicalsandwastes.D.Itneedswaterandelectricitytokeepitscoursesgreen.66.Theauthorusespowerwalkingasanexamplemainlybecause______.A.itisanoutdoorsportB.itimprovesourhealthC.itusesfewerresourcesD.itisrecommendedbyexperts67.Theauthorwritesthepassageto_______.A.showusthefunctionofmajorsportsB.encourageustogoinforgreensportsC.discussthemajorinfluenceofpopularsportsD.introducedifferenttypesofenvironment-friendlysports

05·江苏D.篇Animalscanmovefromplacetoplacebutplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattackitcanrunawayorfightback..Plantscertainlycannotrunawayandtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexampletheleavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines刺thatdiscouragegrass-eatinganimals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupperbranches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach..Someplantssuchastheoaktreehavethickandhardleavesthataredifficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassesmaycontainasandymaterial;eatingsuchgrasseswearsdowntheanimal'steeth.Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantsproducechemicalsthattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantsmayfightagainstanattackbyincreasingtheproductionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar毛虫bitesatobaccoleaftheleafproducesachemicalmessenger.ThismessengersendstotherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotinE.Thehigherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.Manyplantsdependonbothphysicalandchemicaldefenses.A.certainplantinChinaforinstancehasprickly多刺的leavesandeachpricklecontainspoisonousvenom毒液A.singleexperiencewiththiskindofplantwillteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuturE.68.Thehollyplanthasmorespinesonthelowerleavesbecausemostanimals________.A.arenottallenoughB.likethelowerleavesonlyC.arenotcleverenoughD.cangetthelowerleaveseasily69.Todefendthemselvesoaktreesuse________.A.chemicalmeansB.physicalmeansC.bitterchemicalsD.sandymaterials70.Howdoestobaccoprotectitselfagainstanattackfromacaterpillar?A.Itsleavesfightagainsttheattackbyphysicalmeans.B.Itsrootssendamessengertodiscouragethecaterpillar.C.ItsrootsincreasetheproductionofnicotinewhenitisattackeD.D.Itsleavesproducepoisonoussandtodrivethecaterpillaraway.71.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.PlantsandAnimalsB.HowPlantsDefendThemselvesC.AttacksandDefensesD.HowAnimalsEatPlantLeaves

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual’sintelligenceThefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwithHumanbrainsdifferconsiderablysomebeingmorecapableothersButnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwithanindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearnSothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual-thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisrearedIfanindividualishandicappedenvironmentallyitislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual’sintelligencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwinsPeterandMarkX..BeingidenticalthetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirthandtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesameWhenthetwinswerethreemonthsoldtheirparents.diedandtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomesPeterwasrearedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalopportunitiesMarkwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollegeHewasreadtoasachildsenttogoodschoolsandgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectuallyThisenvironmentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteenswhentheyweregiventeststomeasuretheirintelligenceMark’sLQwas125.twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrotherGivenequalopportunitiesthetwinshavingidenticalbrainswouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel71.ThisselectioncanbestbetitledA.MeasuringYourIntelligenceB.IntelligenceandEnvironmentC.TheCaseofPeterandMarkD.HowthebrainInfluencesIntelligence72.ThebeststatementofthemainidesofthispassageisthatA.humanbrainsdifferconsiderablyB.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimportantindetermininghisintelligenceC.environmentisvitaltodetermineaperson’sintelligenceD.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence73.AccordingtothepassagetheaverageLQisA.85B.100C.110D.12574.ThecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthatA.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevelB.anindividual’sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenvironmentC.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligenceD.changesofenvironmentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain75.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual’sLQA.canbepredictedatbirthB.staysthesamethroughouthislifeC.canbeincreasedbyeducationD.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

09·湖南D.篇AndrewRitchieinventoroftheBromptonfoldingbicycleoncesaidthattheperfectportablebikewouldbelikeamagiccarpetYoucouldfolditupandputitintoyourpocketorhandbag.Thenhepaused:Butyou’llalwaysbelimitedbythesizeofthewheels.Andsofarnoonehasinventedafoldingwheel.Itwasarare—indeedunique—occasionwhenIwasabletoputRitchieright.A.19th-centuryinventorWilliamHenryJamesGroutdidinfactdesignafoldingwheel.HisbikepredictablynamedtheGroutPortablehadaframethatsplitintotwoandalargerwheelthatcouldbeseparatedintofourpieces.AllthebitsfittedintoGrout’sWonderfulBagaleathercasE.Grout’saim:tosolvetheproblemsofcarryingabikeonatrain.Nowdoesn’tthatsoundfamiliar?Groutintendedtofindawayofmakingabikesmallenoughfortraintravel:hisbikewasahugebeast.Andimportantlythedesignofearlybicyclesgavehimanadvantage:inGrout’sdaytyresweresolidwhichmadethebusinessofsplittingawheelintofourseparatepartsrelativelysimplE.Youcouldn’tdothesamewithawheelfittedwithaone-pieceinflated充气的tyrE.Soina21st-centurycontextistheideaofthefoldingwheeldead?Itisnot.A.BritishdesignengineerDuncanFitzsimonshasdevelopedawheelthatcanbesquashedintosomethinglikeaslenderellipse椭圆.ThroughoutthetyreremainsinflateD.WilltheyoungFitzsimons’sfoldingwheelmakeitintoproduction?Ihaven’tthefoggiestideA.Buthisinventivenessshowstwothings.Firstpeoplehavebeensayingformorethanacenturythatbikedesignhasreacheditslimitexceptforgradualadvances.It’sassillyaconceptnowasitwas100yearsago:there’splentystilltogofor.Seconditisinthefieldoffoldingbikesthatweareseeingthemostinterestinginventions.Youcanbuyafoldingbikeforlessthan£1000thatcanbeknockeddownsosmallthatitcanbecarriedonaplane—minuswheelsofcourse—ashandbaggagE.FoldingwheelswouldmakeallmannerofthingspossiblE.HaveweyetgotthemagiccarpetofAndrewRitchie’simagination?No.Butit’sprogress.69.WecaninferfromP.aragraph1thattheBromptonfoldingbike.A.wasportableB.hadafoldingwheelC.couldbeputinapocketD.lookedlikeamagiccarpet70.WecanlearnfromthetextthatthewheelsoftheGroutPortable.A.weredifficulttoseparateB.couldbesplitinto6piecesC.werefittedwithsolidtyresD.werehardtocarryonatrain71.WecanlearnfromthetextthatFitzsimons’sinvention.A.keptthetyreasawholepieceB.wasmadeintoproductionsoonC.leftlittleroomforimprovementD.changedourviewsonbagdesign72.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ThreefoldingbikeinventorsB.ThemakingofafoldingbikeC.ProgressinfoldingbikedesignD.Waysofseparatingabikewheel

ClimaticconditionsaredelicatelyadjustedtocompositionoftheEarth'satmospherE.Iftherewereachangeintheatmosphere―forexampleintherelativeamountsofatmosphericgases―theclimatewouldprobablychangealso.A.slightincreaseinwatervapor蒸汽forexamplewouldincreasetheheat-keepingcapacityoftheatmosphereandwouldleadtoariseinglobaltemperatures.ThelevelofcarbondioxideCO2intheatmospherehasanimportanteffectonclimaticchangE.MostoftheEarth'sincomingenergyisshort-wavelengthradiation短波辐射whichtendstopassthroughatmosphericCO2easily.TheEarthhoweverreradiatesmuchofthereceivedenergyaslong-wavelengthradiation长波辐射whichCO2absorbsandthengoestowardtheEarth.Thisphenomenonknownasthegreenhouseeffectcanresultinanincreaseinthesurfacetemperatureofaplanet.AnextremeexampleoftheeffectisshownbyVenusaplanetcoveredbyheavycloudscomposedmostlyofCO2whosesurfacetemperatureshavebeenmeasuredat430~C.IftheCO2contentoftheatmosphereisreducedthetemperaturefalls.AccordingtoonerespectabletheoryiftheatmosphericCO2concentrationwerehalvedtheEarthwouldbecomecompletelycoveredwithicE.AnotherequallyrespectabletheoryhoweverstatesthatahalvingoftheCO2concentrationwouldleadonlytoareductioninglobaltemperaturesof3℃.IfbecauseofanincreaseinforestfiresorvolcanicactivitytheCO2contentoftheatmosphereincreasedawarmerclimatewouldbeproduceD.PlantgrowthwhichreliedonboththewarmthandtheavailabilityofCO2wouldprobablyincreasE.AsaconsequenceplantwouldusemoreandmoreCO2.EventuallyCO2levelswoulddecreaseandtheclimateinturnwouldbecomecooler.Withreducedtemperaturesmanyplantswoulddie;CO2wouldthusbereturnedtotheatmosphereandgraduallythetemperaturewouldriseagain.Thusifthisprocessoccurredtheremightbealong-termoscillation波动intheamountofCO2presentintheatmospherewithregulartemperatureincreaseanddecreasE.SomeclimatologistsarguethattheburningoffossilfuelshasraisedthelevelofCO2intheatmosphereandhascausedaglobaltemperatureincreaseofatleast1℃.Butasupposedglobaltemperatureriseof1℃mayinrealitybeonlyseveralregionaltemperatureincreasesrestrictedtoareaswheretherearemanymeteorological气象的stations.OtherareasforexampletheSouthernHemisphereoceaniczonemaybeexperiencinganequaltemperaturedecreasethatisunrecognizedbecauseoftheshortageofmeteorologicalrecordingstations.51.Whichofthefollowingquestionsdoestheinformationsuppliedinthispassagetrytoanswer?A.WhatarethestepsintheprocessthattakesplaceasCO2absorbslong-wavelengthradiation?B.Howmightourunderstandingofthegreenhouseeffectbeimprovediftheburningoffossilweredecreased?C.WhatmightcauseaseriesofregularincreasesanddecreasesintheamountofCO2intheatmosphere?D.WhyaretherefewermeteorologicalrecordingstationsintheSouthernHemisphereoceaniczonethanatmosphere?52.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith________.A.explainingtheeffectsthattheburningoffossilfuelsmighthaveonclimateB.explainingtheeffectsofCO2onatmosphericradiationC.discussingeffectsthatchangesintheCO2levelintheatmospheremighthaveonclimateD.challenginghypotheses假说abouttheeffectsofwatervaporandCO2onclimate53.ThepassagesuggeststhatalargedecreaseintheamountofCO2intheatmospherewouldresultin_________.A.atleastaslightdecreaseinglobaltemperaturesB.atthemostaslightincreaseinshort-wavelengthradiationreachingtheEarthC.aslightlong-termincreaseinglobaltemperaturesD.aslightshort-termincreaseinatmospherewatervaporcontent54.TheauthorreferstoVenusprimarilyinorderto_______.A.showthatthegreenhouseeffectworksonotherplanetsbutnotonEarthB.showthedegreetowhichEarth'satmospherediffersfromthatofVenusC.supporttheopinionthataswatervaporincreasestheamountofCO2increasesD.supporttheargumentthattheCO2levelintheatmospherehasasignificanteffectonclimate55.Thediscussionofclimateinthepassagesuggeststhat_________.A.climateisperfectlystableB.weareunableatpresenttomeasureglobaltemperaturechangesprecisely.C.theonlycauseofregionalclimaticfluctuations波动isthechangeinCO21evelintheatmosphereD.slightregionaltemperaturechangescanbeconsideredanabnormalfeature特征oftheenvironment

06·湖南C.篇Thecoyote丛林狼.thateleveranimalofwide-openspace.hascometothenation’scaptial.InfactcoyoteshavespreadtoeverycomeroftheUnitedStateschangingtheirbehaviorstofitnewenvioronmentsandcausingresearcherstodealwithatroublesomenewkindofcreature:thecitycoyotE.Thecoyoteoriginallylivedinthemiddleofthecontinent.Oneofitsmostobviouscharactersisitssmartnesswhichhasmadetheanimalanotorious臭名昭著的pest.Hunterstrappedshotandpoisonedmorethanamillioncoyotesinthe1900s.It’sstilloneofAmerica’smosthuntedanimals.YetthecoyotehassurviveD.Howhasthecoyoteshownthisextraordinaryability?Iguessifyouwantedtouseonewordit’dbe‘plasticity’.saysErieGeseanexpertatUtahStateUniversity.Coyotescanlivealoninpairsorinlargepackslikewolveshuntatnightorduringthedayoccupyasmallregionoranareaupto40squaremilesandliveonallsortsoffoodfromlizards蜥蜴andshoestoantsandmelons.UnbelicvadlypeoplehelpcdcoyotesincreasewhentheykiltcdmostofthewolvesintheUnitedStates.Thesprcddingofcoyotesintocityareasthough.isrccent.Theytravelatnightcrossingsidcwalksandbridges.runningatongroadsandduckingintocuinerts钻入涵洞andunderpasscs.Nooneknowswhycoyotesaremavingintocities.butexpertsexplaihthatclevctermorehuman-tolerant不怕人的coyotesareteachingurbansurvivalskillstonewgenerations.Occasionally.coyotesmigheattackhumanbeings.Therehavebeenabout160attacksonpeoplcinreccntyearsThereforepeoplehavebccnconsistentlytoldnotfeedcoyotesorleavepctfoodunseeurcD.ThatplusalargetrappingprogramintheneighborhooD.hascurdownonthecoyotepopulation.63.TheunderlingedwordplasticityinParagraph2refersto____________.A.theabilitytofittheenvironmentB.notonoussmartnessC.huntingabilityD.beinghuman-tolerant64.Theaimofthepassageisto_____________.A.tellpcoplehowtofightagainstcoyotesB.telluswhythecoyoteisthemosthuntedanimalC.supplythereasonwhythecoyoteisakindofmotoriouspestD.explainhowthecoyotehasspreadtoandsurvivedincities65.Accordingtothepassagecoyote__________.A.originallylivedinthewestofthecontinentB.sleepdungthedaybutlookforfoodatnightC.areteachingsurvivalskillstotherryoungergenerationsD.sufferedapopulationdeereasebecausepcoplekilledwolves66.Accordingtothepassagetocutdowaonthecoyolcpopulation.peopleareadvisedto_______.A.leavepctfoodsecuredB.keepcoyotesinsmallregionsC.foreecoyotestolivealoneD.avondusingtrappingprograms

Washington―Thelargestozone臭氧holeeverobservedhasopenedupoverAntarcticaaccordingtothescientistsoftheUSNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASA.Theybelieveitisasignthatozone―destroyinggasesproducedyearsagoarejustnowcausingthelargestquantitiesofozonetodisappear.Thisyear’sSouthPoleozoneholespreadsoverabout28.5millionsquarekilometersanareathreetimeslargerthanthelandmassoftheUnitedStates.PicturesoftheholehavebeenofferedbyNASA.TheholeappearsasagiantbluemasstotallycoveringAntarcticaandstretchingtothesoutherntipofSouthAmericA.Thelasttimetheozoneholewasclosetothissizewasin1998whenitspreadoverabout27.2millionsquarekilometersNASAsaiD.PaulNewmanwhoworkswithNASA’sTotalOzoneMappingSpectrometerTOMSinstrumentonaNASAsatellitesaidozonewatchershadexpectedabigholethisyearbutnotthisbig.TheAntarcticaozoneholefirstobservedin1985iscausedbythedepletion损耗ofEarthprotectingozonebyhuman-madechemicalssuchaschlorofluorocarbonsknownasCFCs.Eventhoughthesechemicalswerenotallowedtousefromthebeginningof1987theyremainintheatmosphereandwillcontinuetodosoforyearsNewmansaiD.Thisyear’slargeholemayhavebeencausedbyachangeinaswirlinghigh-levelaircurrentoverAntarcticawhichcirclestheareaandcontainsthezoneholeNewmansaiD.56.Thetextismainlyabout____.A.thediscoveryofthelargestozoneholeB.thediscoveryoftheAntarcticaozoneholeC.thehistoryoftheAntarcticaozoneholeD.thesizeofthelargestozonehole57.Thetime1985wastalkedaboutinthetextbecauseitwaswhentheAntarcticaozonehole____.A.waswatchedbyNewmanB.wasfirstclosedC.disappearedD.wasfirstwatched58.ThereisagiantozoneholeoverAntarcticabecause____overtherE.A.human-madechemicalshaveprotectedozoneB.ozonehasprotectedtheearthC.human-madechemicalshavedestroyedozoneD.human-madechemicalshaveincreasedozone

SaveGrainCampaignLikeotherheavilypopulatednationsIndiaistryingtofindnewwaystoproducemorefoodtofeeditseverincreasingpopulation.ButoneofthemethodsIndiarecentlyhastakenisasoldastheUpanishads.It'scalledsimplystoringgrain.TodayinIndiatheyarecallingittheSaveGrainCampaignanditseemstobeworking.Byplanningaheadthecountryhasopenedmorelandandincreasedgrainproductionfrom51milliontonsin1995.Indiacannowdependonitsowngrainsupply.Toreducepost-harvestlossesestimatedat9.33percentofthenationoutputtheIndianMinistryofFoodhastakenseveralstepstoletmorepeopleknowmoreaboutscientificmethodsofgrainstoragE.TheSaveGrainCampaignapilotprogramin1965nowisgainingpopularity.Thereare17campaignofficesacrossIndia.Campaignworkersworkcloselywithprovincialgovernmentstoteachfarmersscientificmethodsofstoringfoodandpestcontrol.60.WhatdotheIndiandotohavemorefood?A.IncreaseitspopulationB.OpenmorefarmlandC.From17campaignofficesineveryprovinceD.Buymorefoodfromforeigncountries.61.TheSaveGrainCampaignisaprogram_____________A.popularsince1965B.popularsince1951C.widelyknownnowD.dealingwithpestcontrol62Iftherewerenopost-harvestlossesmaybethetotaloutputofgraininIndiawouldbe___________A.over9percentmoreB.51milliontonsC.192milliontonsD.243milliontons63.Thescientificmethodsofgrainstoragehavetobetaughtbecause______A.alotofgrainiswastedafterthecropharvestsB.alotofgrainiswastedduringthecropharvestsC.alotoffarmlandiswastedD.farmersknownothingabouttheSaveGrainCampaign

05·湖北D.篇ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesertseekingamillioninprizemoney.Towintheyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratallbecausethesevehiclesweremissingeakeypartdrivers.DARPAtheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyorganizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallengeasitwascalledjustprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremote远距离的control.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.Thewinneriftherewasanyreached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalongnarrowholeandthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.YougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthingssaysReinholdBehringerwhohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics.Evenants蚂蚁candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It’sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines.TheroboticvehiclesthoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidancehadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediatelySurethatveryyoungchildwhohasjustonlylearnedtowalkmaynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherfacebutshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere’sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetableandthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvancedevenmonthsoldthananymachinehumanshavedesigned.67.Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause.A.theydidnothaveanyhumanguidanceB.theroadwasnotfamiliartothedriversC.thedistancewastoolongforthevehiclesD.theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers68.DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto.A.raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehiclesB.pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustryC.trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesertD.improvethevehiclesforfuturewars69.Fromthepassageweknowroboticvehiclesareakindofmachinesthat.A.candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcanB.cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimitC.canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedownD.canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings70.Intheracethegreatestdistanceoneroboticvehiclecoveredwas.A.abouteightmilesB.sixmilesC.almosttwomilesD.aboutonemile71.Inthelastparagraphthewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo.A.foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficultiesB.foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetableC.foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolveD.foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface

Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-bloodeddesertanimalshavewaystoescapethedesertheat.Warm-bloodeddesertanimalssuchasratsandmicerestduringthedayoftenstayingincoolundergroundburrows.AtnighttheysearchforfooD.Animalsthatareoutduringthedaysuchascold-bloodedlizardsandsnakesareactiveonlyforshortperiods.Astheirbodytemperaturerisesthesereptilesmoveintotheshadeinordertocooldown.Intheearlyeveningwhenthesungrowsweakerthereptilesbecomemoreactiveandbegintheirsearchforfoodagain.Gettingenoughwatertosurviveisamajorproblemforalldesertanimals.Somedesertanimalssuchasthekangarooratandtherelatedjerboagetwateronlyfromthefoodthattheyeat.Becausetheseanimalseatmainlydryseedstheymustsurviveonatinyamountofwater.MostdesertshaveonlyasmallnumberoffrogsandtoadsbecausetheseanimalsmustbenearwatertosurvivE.Yeteventhesecreatureshaveadaptedtodesertconditions.Whensmallamountsofwatercollectintemporarystreamsthedesert-livingfrogsandtoadsbecomeactivE.Afterarainfalltheylaytheireggs.Theeggsgrowintotadpolesinafewdaysandintoadultsinjustfourweeks.WhenthepuddlesdryuptheadultfrogsortoadsdigintothegrounD.Theirmetabolism新陈代谢slowsandtheystaybeneaththegrounduntilthenextrainwhichmaybeasgoodasayearaway.UntilthentheirbodilyactivitiescontinueatareducedratE.Thecamel---oftencalledtheshipofthedesert---isoneofthemostsuccessfuldesertanimals.Camelscangoforlongperiodswithoutwaterbuteventuallytheymustdrink.Whenwaterbecomesavailabletothemafteralongdroughttheymaydrink95litersofwaterormorE.Whenwaterisnotavailablewhathelpscamelssurvivethedesertheatisthefatstoredintheirhumps.A.camel’shumpcontainsabout12kilogramsoffat.Fatisrichinhydrogen.Asthefatisdigestedhydrogenfromthefatcombineswithoxygenintheairthatthecamelbreathes.TheresultisH2Oorwater.Eachkilogramoffatthatacameldigestsproducesaboutaliterofwater.71.Desertanimalsareusuallymoreactiveatnightbecause______.A.itiscooleratnightB.itiseasiertofindwaterC.theylikethedarkD.theyarelesslikelytobeattackedatnight72.Whichofthefollowingdesertanimalscangetwateronlyfromthefood?A.ThecamelB.ThekangarooratC.Thefrog.D.Thetoad73.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Allthedesertanimalsrestduringtheday.B.Allthedesertanimalsdon’trestduringtheday.C.Cold-bloodeddesertanimalsdon’trestduringtheday.D.Noneofthecold-bloodeddesertanimalsgooutduringtheday.74.Thetitleforthispassagecouldprobablybe________.A.HotDesertsB.DesertAnimalsC.HowDesertAnimalsGetWaterD.WaysToEscapetheDesertHeat75.Theunderlinedwordburrowsinthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby_________.A.holesB.cavesC.roomsD.openings

Solarenergyforyourhomeiscoming.Itcanhelpyouasasinglehomeowner.Itcanhelpthewholecountryaswell.Whetherornotsolarenergycansaveyourmoneydependsonmanythings.Whereyouliveisonefactorandthetypeofhomeyouhaveisanother.Thingslikeinsulation绝缘材料presentenergycostsandthetypeofsystemyoubuyareaddedfactors.Usingsolarenergycanhelpsaveourpreciousfuel.AsyouknowoursuppliesofoilandgasareverylimiteD.Thereisjustnotenoughonhandtomeetallourfutureenergyneeds.SoonerorlaterMotherNaturewillsaythat'sall.Theonlywaywecandelayhearingthosewordsisbystartingtosaveenergynowandbyusingothersourceslikethesun.Wewon'thavetoworryaboutthesun'srunningoutofenergyforanotherseveralbillionyearsorso.Besidesthesundoesn'tofferasmanyproblemsasotherenergysources.Forexamplefossilfuel矿物燃料addstoalreadyhighpollutionlevels.Withsolarenergywewillstillneedsourcesofenergybutwewon'tneedasmuch.Thatmeanswecancutdownonourpollutionproblems.Withallthesegoodpointswhydon'tweusemoresolarpower?Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Thebiggestreasonismoney.Untilnowitwasjustnotpracticalforahomeownertoputinasolarunit.Therewerecheapersourcesofenergy.Allthatischangingnow.Solarcostsarestartingtoequalthecostsofoilandelectricity.ExpertssaythatgasoilandelectricitypriceswillcontinuetorisE.Thedemandforelectricityisincreasingrapidly.Butnewpowerplantswillusemoregasoilorcoal.Alreadyinsomeplacesthesupplyofelectricityisbeingrationed限量供应.Solarenergyisnowinitsinfancy初期.Itcouldsoongrowtobecomeamajorpartofournation'senergysupply.60.What'sthispassagemainlyabout?A.Somethingaboutsolarenergyandpollution.B.Solarenergy.C.Energyandpollution.D.Energyandmoney.61.Solarenergycanhelpus_____.A.escapepunishmentfromnatureB.becomehomeownersC.getridofpresentenergyD.saveourpreciousfuel62.Thesunisanendlesssourceofenergyanditwillnotrunoutofenergyfor_____.A.severalmillionyearsB.severalhundredyearsC.severalbillionyearsD.severalthousandyears63.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Energyfromcoalwouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.B.Energyfromnaturalgaswouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.C.Energyfromthesunwouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.D.Energyfromoilwouldnotpolluteourlivingenvironment.64.Solarenergyisnowinitsinfancy_____.A.butinthefutureitwillbecomeanimportantpartofournation'senergysupplyB.sowewillbuildmorepowerplantsC.andthesupplyofelectricitywillberationedthroughoutthecountryD.sowedon'tneedit

Whatifyouarrivedhometofindadelicioushotmealwaitingforyoupreparedbyyourveryownkitchenrobot?ItmightsoundlikesciencefictionbutprofessorsattheuniversityofTokyohavetakenthefirststepstowardmakingthatscenarioareality.Theteamrecentlyintroducedahumanoidkitchenrobotthatcanpourteaandotherdrinksintocupsandservethemtoguests.Whenteatimeisovertherobotcanalsowashthedishesandputthemaway.InCaliforniaanotherinterestingkitchenrobothasbeendeveloped.CalledtheReadybotitcanpickupobjectsandeitherstorethemincabinetsorputtheminthetrash.Italsocarriesaseparatefloor-cleaningrobotthatcanoperatebyitself.UnliketheJapaneserobotReadybotisnothumanoid.Insteaditlooksmorelikealargeboxwitharmsandwheels.ReadybotwascreatedbyengineersanddesignerswhoestablishedaclubcalledtheReadybotChallenge.Theybelievethatinthefuturemillionsofrobotswillbeneededinhomestoperformordinaryhouseholdtasks.Readybotisjustthefirststepintheirplantocreatearobotthatcantacklejobsnotonlyinkitchensbutinotherroomsofhomesandinofficesaswell.Clearlytherearetechnologicalhurdlestoovercomebeforerobotscancookacompletedinnerandtherearealsomanysafetyconcerns.Noteveryoneespeciallyparentswouldbecomfortablewiththeideaofrobotsintheirhousemanipulatinghotpansandsharpknives.TheEuropeanCommissionrecentlyfundedaprojecttostudytheseconcerns.56.WhatdoesthewriterimplyabouttheJapaneserobot?A.Itperformsfewerfunctionsthanreadybotcan.B.itlooksmorelikeapersonthanReadybotdoes.C.ItspeaksmorelanguagesthanReadybotdoes.D.Itcosts1esstomanufacturethanReadybotdoes.57.WheredotheengineersanddesignershopethatReadybotwilloperateinthefuture?A.OnspacecraftB.InautomobilesC.OnplaygroundsD.Atcompanies58.Whatdoesthewriterimplyaboutparents?A.Theyhaveshowntremendousinterestinkitchenrobots.B.Theydon’thavestrongopinionsaboutkitchenrobots.C.Theymightthinkthatkitchenrobotscouldbedangerous.D.Theycan’twaittobuykitchenrobotsfortheirhomes.59.AccordingtothewriterwhathastheEuropeanCommissiondonefortheproject?A.IthasbuiltfactoriesB.IthasprintedmanualsC.IthashiredworkersD.Ithasprovidedmoney

GUZhaodi60hadtakenwaterforgrantedforyears.InfactnooneinthebeautifullakecityofWuxiJiangsuProvincehadbotheredtospareathoughtonwater.Butallthatchangeddramaticallyovernightlastmonthwhentapsinthecityrandry.Duetoablue-greenalgae藻类outbreakinTaihuLakeChina’sthirdlargestfreshwaterlakeandthesourceofdrinkingwaterfor4millionWuxiresidents居民waterfromthecity’stapsbecamedarkandsmelly.Ican’tbelievethereisnowaterfordrinkingletalonecookingandwashingsaidＧu.Thelakewasblanketedwiththealgaegivingoffastrongsmellofrottingmeat.A.stonethrownintoittookalongtimetosink.Expertssaidthatalgaeusuallyboombecauseofhotwaterandrichchemicalslikephosphor磷inthewater.HightemperatureandalackofraininthepastfewmonthshelpedthegrowthofalgaesaidZhangLijunanofficialfromtheStateEnvironmentProtectionAdministration.Howeverpollutionfromhumanactivityshouldbemostblamedforthedisaster.TaihuLakeissurroundedbymanysmallfactorieswhichsprangupinthe1980s.Inthe1990smanyforeign-funded外资的companiesjoinedin.Theindustriesprospered繁荣WuxihasgrownintooneofthewealthiestcitiesinEastChinA.Butthatcameatthepriceofpollution.Thelakewastreatedlikeawastedump垃圾堆withfactoriesemptyingindustrialwasteanduntreatedsewage污水intoit.Althoughafterthegovernment'seffortlifeinthecityhasgonebacktonormaltheone-weekcrisis危机rangabellforthegovernmentandlocalpeoplE.It’stimetorebuildthebeautyofnatureorourliveswillbeatrisksaidGu.Asafeenvironmentcomesfirst.EconomicgrowthwillbenothingwithoutfreshwatertodrinkandcleanairtobreathE.saidChinaDaily.36.Thefollowingcanhelpthebluegreenalgaegrow______A.highwatertemperatureB.richchemicalsinthewaterC.alackofrainD.plentifulwaterandsunshine37.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theone-weekdisasterhasmadethelocalpeoplerealizetheimportanceofbuildingabeautifulcity.B.ItishumanactivityratherthanthealgaethatistoblameforthewaterPollution.C.OnlywhentheenvironmentissafeandfriendlycanmanliveabetterandhealthierlifE.D.EnvironmentshouldbetakenintoconsiderationfirstifacityplanstodevelopitseconomiC.38.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whoistoblamemanoralgae?B.WaterturnedoffC.WaterpollutiontroubledWuxiD.AlgaethreatenedTaihuLake39.AccordingtothepassageTaihuLake________A.isthethirdlargestlakeinChina.B.issurroundedbymanyforeign-fundedfactoriesandcompanies.C.usedtobeawastedump.D.sufferedfromindustrialwasteuntreatedsewageandalgaE.40.Theunderlinedphrasesprangupinthesixthparagraphmeans______A.developquicklyB.producegoodsquicklyC.cometolifeD.growup

Womenwithanhourglassfigurehavebrainstogowiththeircurves曲线scientistsclaim.Goinginatthewaistissaidtobeasignofintelligencewhichleadstobrighterchildrentoo.WomensuchasNigellaLawsonwithabigdifferencebetweentheirwaistandhipmeasurementsscoredsingificantlybetterinteststhanthosewiththinnerstraighterframes.Researchersconcludedthatitwasnotnecessaryforawomantobeskinny―whatmatteredisthatherwaistshouldbesmallerthanherhips.A.ratioof3:5wasfoundtobeideal.ThestudybytheUniversitiesofPittsburghandCalifrniainvolved16000womenandgirls.AccordingtothescientiststheresultsarenomerequirkofnaturE.Theyclaimthatthefataroundcurvyhipsandthighs大腿holdshigherlevelsof-3fattyacidswhichareessentialforthegrowthofthebrainduringpregnancy怀孕.Thefatwhichcollectsaroundthewaisthoweverismorelikelytocontain-6fattyacidswhicharelesssuitedtobraingrowth.ReportinginthejournalEvolutionanHumanBehaviourtheresearchersfoundthatthechildrenofcurvymothersaremorelikelytodowellincognitiveteststhanothers.Theyclaimthatthiscouldhelpexplainwhythechildrenofteenagemothers―whomightnotyetbephysicallymatureenoughtohavedevelopedrealcurves―tendtodolesswellinschool.Aswellasboosting提升brainpower－3fattyacidsfoundinoilyfishareconsideredtobeofhugehealthbenefit.Althougthestudyanalysedwomen’sbodiesonly－3fattyacidsarealsostoredinmen’ships.Howeveritisnotknownwhethermenwithwidehipsbenefitfromthesamebrainpowerboost.72.Whichshowsthepossibleshapeofanhourglass?A.B.C.D.73.Supposethefollowingmeasurementsaretakenfromfourwomen.Whichofthemismorelikelytohavebrightchildren?A.Waist60cmHip100cmB.Waist60cmHip80cmC.Waist55cmHip60cmD.Waist120cmHip110cm74.Theunderlinedsentencetheresultsarenomerequirkofnaturepossiblytellsustheresults.A.canbeexplainedscientificallyB.arestrangeandhardtoexplainC.havejustcomeaboutbychanceD.areveryinteresting75.Accordingtotheresearchersteenagemotherstendtohavelessbrightchildrenbecause.A.theyaren’tsogoodatchildcareB.theyusuallyhavelessfatthanmaturewomenC.theyaren’tphysicallystrongenoughD.theirwaistandhipmeasurementsdifferless

Alzheimer'sdiseaseisamajornationalhealthproblem.Nearly2millionAmericansovertheageof65haveAlzheimer'sdiseasE.Itisaleadingcauseofdeathamongtheelderly.ButAlzheimer'sdiseaseisnotconfined限于totheageD.Theremaybeamillionormorepeopleundertheageof65sufferingfromthediseasE.Atonetimepeoplesufferingfromthediseaseweresaidtobegettingold.ThediseasewasthoughttobeanaturalpartofgrowingoldbutitisnowknownthatAlzheimer'sdiseasestrikesyoungandoldalikE.Itisanorganic器官的diseasethatdestroysbraincells.Alzheimer'sdiseaseaffectsthepatient'smemoryspeechandmovement.InthebeginningstagesofthediseasethepatientmayseemslightlyconfuseD.Hemayhavetroublespeaking.Thenthepatient'smemorybeginstofail.Hemayforgetdatestelephonenumbersnamesandplans.Asthediseaseprogressesthepatientmaynotrecognizefamilyandfriends.Thesesymptoms症状oftencauseterribleanxietyinthepatient.HemayfeellostandfrighteneD.Sometimesthepatientreactswithwildandbadbehavior.Inthelaststagesofthediseasethepatientmaynotbeabletotakecareofhimself.Hemayhavelosttheabilitytospeakandwalk.SomeofthescientiststhinkaviruscausesAlzheimer'sdiseasE.AtpresentthereisnocureforthediseasE.Buttherearewaystoslowitsprogress.ExerciseandphysicaltreatmentcanhelpthepatientsofthisdiseasE.49.Alzheimer'sdisease________.A.aterriblepartoftheagingprocessB.isanorganicdiseasethataffectsyoungandoldC.canbecuredbyphysicaltreatmentD.causeshighfever50.AllofthefollowingaresymptomsofAlzheimer'sdiseaseEXCEPT________.A.braindamageB.difficultyinspeakingC.lossofsightD.lossoftheabilitytowalk51.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingmaybeacauseofAlzheimer'sdisease?A.Poisonsproducedbythebrain.B.GettingolD.C.A.virus.D.LackofexercisE.52.TheprogressofAlzheimer'sdiseasecanbeslowedby________.A.operationB.achangeinenvironmentC.medicinesD.physicaltreatmentandexercise

阅读短文根据所读内容在文后76～85的空格里填上适当的单词或短语并将答案转写到答题卡上注意每空不超过3个单词OnaverageAmericanswasteasmuchenergyastwo-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationconsumes.That’slargelytheresultofdrivinginefficientcarsusinginefficientappliancesandlivingandworkinginpoorlyinsulatedbuildings.Thenwhatcanyoudotoimprovethesituation?Buyenergy-efficientproducts.―Buynewappliancesorelectronicsofthehighestenergy-efficiencyrating.Newenergy-efficientmodelsmaycostmoreinitiallybuthavealoweroperatingcostovertheirlifetimes.Themostenergy-efficientmodelscarrytheEnergyStarlabelwhichidentifiesproductsthatuse20―40percentlessenergythanstandardnewproducts.AccordingtotheEPAthetypicalAmericanhouseholdcansaveabout$400peryearinenergybillswithproductsthatcarrytheEnergyStar.Switchtocompactfluorescentbulbs.―Changethethreebulbsyouusemostinyourhousetocompactfluorescents.EachcompactfluorescentbulbwillkeephalfatonofcarbondioxideoutoftheairoveritslifetimE.Moreovercompactfluorescentbulbslasttentimesaslongandcansave$30peryearinelectricitycosts.Setheatingandcoolingtemperaturescorrectly.―Checkthermostatsinyourhometomakesuretheyaresetatalevelthatdoesn’twasteenergy.Getanelectronicthermostatthatwillallowyourfurnacetoheatthehousetoalowertemperaturewhenyou’resleepingandreturnittoamorecomfortabletemperaturebeforeyouwakeup.Turnoffthelights.―Turnofflightsandotherelectricalappliancessuchastelevisionsandradioswhenyou’renotusingthem.Installautomatictimersforlightsthatpeopleinyourhousefrequentlyforgettoturnoffwhenleavingaroom.Title:76.______77._____Americanswasteasmuchenergyas78._______oftheworld’spopulationconsumes.Causes●Drivinginefficientcars;●79._________●Livingandworkinginpoorlyinsulatedbuildings80._____Buyenergy-efficientproductswiththe81.________label82.______●havealoweroperatingcostovertheirlifetimes;●saving20―40percentenergy;●saveabout$400peryearinenergybillsSwitchto83.______●keepinghalfatonofcarbondioxideoutoftheairoveritslifetime●lastingtentimesaslong●saving$30peryearin84.______.SetheatingandcoolingtemperaturescorrectlyTurnoffthelightsor85.______

Asglobalwarmingcontinuestobeamajorconcernforthefutureofourplanetpeoplearestartingtoturntogreenlivingpracticestohelpsaveitforfuturegenerations.Greenlivinginvolveseveryaspectofourdailylifefromdrivingtoworktomowing割草等ourlawns.Makingtheswitchtogreenlivingallatoncemightscaremostpeopleawayfromcarryingoutthoseearth-friendlychanges.Therearemanywaystoeaseintothispracticeandstillhelpsavetheearth’senvironment.Airpollutionisamajorproblemforsomecities.Alotofitcomesfromthefactoriesbutthat’snottheonlywaycontributingtoglobalwarming.Automobilesgiveoffafairamountofpollutant污染物intotheair.Whenyouhavealotofcarsdrivingaroundonthecitystreetsyou’remultiplyingtheamountsofpollutantbeingemitted发出byeachcarthat’sdestroyingourozone臭氧.Ifyouwanttosavetheenvironmentyoucanstartbyeithercarpoolingwalkingmoreinsteadofdrivingorevenpurchasinghybrid混合的modelsthatdon’tdoasmuchdamage.Thenlet’stakealookatyourhome.Whatkindsofbulbsareyouusing?Thestandardbulbsweuseonlycontributetohigherelectricitybillsandmorecarbondioxide.Ifyouswitchatleastsomeofyourstandardbulbswiththecompactfluorescent荧光bulbsyoucansavetheenvironmentwhilesavingonyourelectricbill.Recyclingisalsoanexcellentwaytosaveourenvironment.Trytobuyasmanyproductsasyoucanthatcanberecycled.Thelesstrashthathastobeburnedorburiedintooursoilthebetteroffourplanetwillbe.Thesesmallchangesmayseemthattheycouldn’thelpmuchfortheenvironmentbuttheycanhelptremendously.Everylittlebitwedoisamuch-neededsteptowardreserving保留naturalresourcesforourfuturegenerations.68.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwecanlearn.A.fewpeopleareconcernedabouttheenvironmentalproblemsB.moreandmorepeopleareinterestedingreenlivingpracticesC.whatgreen1ivingpracticesinmodernsocietyareD.greenlivingpracticesdon’thelpinourdailylife69.Mostpeoplewillbefrightenedif.A.theyareaskedtodosomethingtosavetheenvironmentB.theycan’tdrivetoworkanymoreC.theyarerequiredtoturntogreenlivingcompletelyatonceD.theyaremadetopayforthepollutiontheycause70.Inordertogiveofflessharmfulgasintotheairwecan.A.closeallthefactoriesthatmaycausepollutionB.limitthecarproductionC.forbidtoomanycarstoruninthestreetsD.choosethosecarswhichmaycausetheleastpollution71.Theauthorrecommendsrecyclableproductsbecause.A.theyaremadeingreenfactoriesB.theyarecheaperthanothergoodsC.theywillhelptoreducetrashontheearthD.theycanbeusedforaverylongtime

Americanresearcherssaydrinkingteamayhelpstrengthenthebody’sdefensesystemagainstinfection感染.DoctorsatBrighamandWomen’sHospitalinBostonMassachusettsdidthestudy.TheteamstudiedachemicalfoundinblackgreenoolongandpekoeteaThischemicalisanaminoacid氨基酸calledL-theanine.ThescientistssayitmayincreasethestrengthofGammadeltaTcellswhicharepartofthebody’sdefenses.Firsttheresearchersmixedsomeofthesecellswithantigens抗原foundintheaminoacidAntigenshelpthebodyreacttoinfection.Thenthescientistsaddedsomebacteria细菌.Withintwenty-fourhoursthecellsproducedalotofinterferonasubstancethatfightsinfectionCellsnotmixedwiththeantigensdidnotproduceinterferon.Inthesecondpartofthestudyelevenpeopledrankfivetosixcupsofblackteaeveryday.Tenotherpeopledrankthesameamountofinstantcoffee.Thatisdriedcoffeemixedwithhotwater.Twoweekslaterandagaintwoweeksafterthattheresearcherstestedthebloodofalltwenty-onepeople.Theyalsolookedatwhathappenedwhentheyaddedbacteriatothebloodcells.TheyfoundthattheteadrinkersproducedfivetimesmoreinterferonaftertheystarteddrinkingteaThecoffeedrinkersdidnotproduceinterferon.DoctorJackBukowskiledthestudyHesaystheantigensaddedtotheGammadeltaTcellswereresponsiblefortheincreasedreactiontothebacteria.Hesaysthestudyalsoshowedthatthecellswereabletorememberthebacteriaandfightthemagainthenexttime.EarlierresearchalreadyhasfoundthatteacanhelppreventheartdiseaseandcancerDoctorBukowskisaysthenewstudymustberepeatedwithmorepeople.Ifthefindingsprovetobetruehesaysthenteadrinkingmightalsohelpprotectagainstbacterialinfections.HesaystheaminoacidL-theaninecouldberemovedfromteaandusedasadrugtostrengthenthebody’sdefenses.72.Wemayknowfromthetextthatcanbefoundindifferentkindsoftea.A.GammadeltaTcellsB.L-theanineC.interferonD.bacteria73.Teamayhelpstrengthenthebody’sdefensesystembecauseithelps.A.thebodytoproducemoreinterferonB.thebodytoproducemoreGammadeltaTcellsC.toaddsomebacteriatothebloodcellsD.tomixantigenswithsomeofthecellsinthebody74.AccordingtoDrBukowski.A.thefindingsofthestudyhavealreadyprovedtobetrueB.hebastakensomeaminoacidL-theaninefromteaandmadeadrugwithitC.furtherstudyisneededtoprovethefindingstrueD.heisnotsurewhetherteacanhelppreventheartdiseaseandcancer75.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.TeaIsBetterThanCoffee.B.TeaMayHelpFightInfection.C.TeaCanHelpPreventCancer.D.OurBodyNeedsTea.

09·天津D.篇NexttimeacustomercomestoyourofficeofferhimacupofcoffeE.Andwhenyou’redoingyourholidayshoppingonlinemakesureyou’reholdingalargeglassoficedteA.Thephysicalsensation感觉ofwarmthencouragesemotionalwarmthwhileacolddrinkinhandpreventsyoufrommakingunwisedecisions—thosearethepracticallessonbeingdrawnfromrecentresearchbypsychologistJohnA.Bargh.Psychologistshaveknownthatoneperson’sperception感知ofanother’swarmthisapowerfuldeterminerinsocialrelationships.JudgingsomeonetobeeitherwarmorcoldisaprimaryconsiderationeventrumpingevidencethatacoldpersonmaybemorecapablE.MuchofthisisrootedinveryearlychildhoodexperiencesBarghargueswhenbabies’conceptualsenseoftheworldaroundthemisshapedbyphysicalsensationsparticularlywarmthandcoldness.ClassicstudiesbyHarryHarlowpublishedin1958showedmonkeyspreferredtostayclosetoaclothmotherratherthanonemadeofwireevenwhenthewiremothercarriedafoodbottlE.Harlow’sworkandlaterstudieshaveledpsychologiststostresstheneedforwarmphysicalcontactfromcaregiverstohelpyoungchildrengrowintohealthyadultswithnormalsocialskills.Feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessinsocialjudgmentsappeartobeuniversal.AlthoughnoworldwidestudyhasbeendoneBarghsaysthatdescribingpeopleaswarmorcoldiscommontomanyculturesandstudieshavefoundthoseperceptionsinfluencejudgmentindozensofcountries.TotesttherelationshipbetweenphysicalandpsychologicalwarmthBarghconductedanexperimentwhichinvolved41collegestudents.A.researchassistantwhowasunawareofthestudy’shypotheses假设handedthestudentseitherahotcupofcoffeeoracolddrinktoholdwhiletheresearcherfilledoutashortinformationform:Thedrinkwasthenhandedback.AfterthatthestudentswereaskedtoratethepersonalityofPersonAbasedonaparticulardescription.ThosewhohadbrieflyheldthewarmdrinkregardedPersonA.aswarmerthanthosewhohadheldtheiceddrink.WearegroundedinourphysicalexperiencesevenwhenwethinkabstractlysaysBargh.51.AccordingtoParagraph1aperson’semotionmaybeaffectedby______.A.thevisitorstohisofficeB.thepsychologylessonshehasC.hisphysicalfeelingofcoldnessD.thethingshehasboughtonline52.TheauthormentionsHarlow’sexperimenttoshowthat______.A.adultsshoulddevelopsocialskillsB.babiesneedwarmphysicalcontactC.caregiversshouldbehealthyadultsD.monkeyshavesocialrelationships53.InBargh’sexperimentthestudentswereaskedto______.A.evaluatesomeone’spersonalityB.writedowntheirhypothesesC.filloutapersonalinformationformD.holdcoffeeandcolddrinkalternatively54.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.A.abstractthinkingdoesnotcomefromphysicalexperiencesB.feelingsofwarmthandcoldnessarestudiedworldwideC.physicaltemperatureaffectshowweseeothersD.capablepersonsareoftencoldtoothers55.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.DrinkingforBetterSocialRelationships.B.ExperimentsofPersonalityEvaluation.C.DevelopingBetterDrinkingHabits.D.PhysicalSensationsandEmotions.

Whydoplantsgrowinsomeplacesandnotinothers?Whydoessomelandhavesomuchgrowingonitwhileotherlandhasalmostnoplantsgrowingonitatall?Togrowplantsneedseveralthings.Oneiswarmth.Inverycoldplacesalmostnothinggrows.Plantsalsoneedwater.InverydrypartsoftheEarthonlyafewunusualplantscangrow.That'swhydrydesertseverywherearealmostnotcoveredbytreesorgrass.Plantsmustalsohaveaplaceinwhichtoputdowntheirrootsandgrow.TheyfinditdifficulttogrowonhardlanD.ThetownisbuiltonhardlanD.Theplantsherehaveonlythesoilfoundbetweenthecracksofthestonestogrowin.AnotherthingplantsmusthavebeforetheycangrowisfooD.Whatwillhappenifwetrytomakethingsgrowonthesandybeach?A.fewplantssuchasbeachgrasswillgrowinsandbutmostplantswon't.Eveniftheweatheriswarmenoughandwewatertheplantseachdaymanyofthemwilldiebecausethesandonthisbeachhasalmostnofoodforplants.49.Accordingtothepassageplantsneedthingstogrowwell.A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five50.Fromthepassagewecanknowitis______forplantstogrowindryplaces.A.easyB.difficultC.impossibleD.important51.Thereasonwhymostplantscan'tgrowonthesandybeachisthat.A.thereisn'tenoughsunlightB.thereistoomuchwaterC.itistoocrowdedthereD.ithaslittlefoodforplants52.Thepassagecanmostprobablybefoundinabook.A.scienceB.historyC.travelD.math

2011·上海卷B.HumpbackwhalesQuickFactsSize:14m-18minlength;30-50tonsinweightLiving:OpenoceanandshallowcoastlinewatersEnvironment:Fromwarmtropical热带的waterswheretheybreedtocoldpolarwaterswheretheyeatDiet:ShellfishplantsandfishofsmallsizeHunting:Sometimesingroupsinwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthewaterblowingbubblesthatformanetaroundaschooloffish.Thefisharethenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.Currentstate;endangered;itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000-7500humpbackwhalesworldwideBlowholedorsalfinPectoralfinHumpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.ThisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressivemovementswhentheydivE.Thenamehumpbackwhichisthecommonnameforthiswhalereferstothetypicalcurveshapethewhale’sbackformsasitdives.Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovementknownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsofitsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.A.breachmightalsoincludeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewingsasthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.A.humpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceoftheWaterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthetopoftheheaD.Itblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metersabovethewater.Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownitsback.otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfinswhichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylengthanduniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:notwoarethesamE.Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughcomplexsongs.69.AccordingtoQuickFactsahumpbackwhale_____.A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshoreB.doesn’tliveinthesamewatersallthetimeC.livesmainlyonunderwaterplantsD.preferstworkalonewhenhuntingfood70.Tomakeabreachahumpbackwhalemust_____A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewaterB.twistitsbodysidewaystjumphighC.blowtwostreamsofwaterD.communicatewithagroupofhumpbacks71.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale________.A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonitstailflukesB.hasblackandwhitefingerprintsC.getsitsnamefromthewayithuntsD.isagreatperformerduetoitssongs

2011·江苏卷A.Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper雨刮器Shouldn’tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcleanthinkso.InfactMcleanaprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRangefeelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe’sdevelopedacourseonthetopiC.InadditiontolearningwhoinventedwhathoweverMcleanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothewhyandhowquestions.AccordingtoMcleanWhenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestionstheyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.Sojustwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?WellMaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoMewYorkCity.ThedaywascoldandstormybutAndersonstillwantedtoseethesightssoshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewinshieldshefoundhersefewonderingwhytherecouldn’tbeabuolt-indevicforcleaingthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirminghamAlabamaAndersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideasalever操作杆ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontralanarmontheoutsidebecamethefirstwindshieldwiper.TodaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovationsIt’shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA.Morgan’strafficlight.It’sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ.Blodgett’sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisibleCanyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?56.Bymentionongtrafficlightandwindshieldwipertheauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare.A.beneficialbecausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficialthoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notusefulbecausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notusefulthoughtheirinventorsarefamous57.ProfessorJoanMcLean’scourseaimsto_____.A.addcolourandvarietytostudents’campuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwiper’sinventionC.carryouttherequirementsbyMountainUniversityD.pre[arestudentstotrytheieowninvention58.TommyLee’sinventionoftheunbreakableumbrellawas_________.A.noteventuallyacceptedbytheumbrellaproducerB.inspiredbythestorybehindthewindshieldwiperC.duetohisdreamofbeingcaughtinarainstormD.notrelatedtoProfessorJoanMcLean’slectures59.Which0fthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthispassage?AHowtoHelpStudentstoSellTheirInventionstoProducers?BHowtoDesignaBuilt-inDerviceforCleaningtheWindow?CShouldn’tWeKnowWhoInventdtheWindshieldWiper?DShouldn’tWeDevelopInventionCoursesinUniversities?

Whatwillmanbelikeinthefuturein5000oreven50000yearsfromnow?WecanonlymakeguessesofcoursebutwecanbesurethathewillbedifferentfromwhatheistodayformanisslowlychangingallthetimE.LetustakeanobviousexamplE.Manevenfivehundredyearsagowasshorterthanheistoday.Nowonaveragemenareaboutthreeinchestaller.Fivehundredyearsisarelativelyshortperiodoftimesowemayassumethatmanwillcontinuetogrowtaller.Againinthemodemworldweuseourbrainsagreatdeal.Evensowestillmakeuseofonlyabout20%ofthebrain'scapacity.Astimegoesonhoweverweshallhavetouseourbrainsmoreandmoreandeventuallyweshallneedlargerones!Thisislikelytobringaboutaphysicalchangetoo:theheadinparticulartheforeheadwillgrowlarger.NowadaysoureyesareinconstantusE.Infactweusethemsomuchthatveryoftentheybecomeweakerandwehavetowearglasses.Butoveraverylongperiodoftimeitislikelythatman'seyeswillgrowstronger.Ontheotherhandwetendtomakelessuseofourarmsandlegs.Theseasaresultarelikelytogrowweaker.AtthesametimehoweverourfingerswillgrowmoresensitivebecausetheyareusedagreatdealinmodemlifE.Butwhatabouthair?Thiswillprobablydisappearfromthebodyaltogetherincourseoftimebecauseitdoesnotserveausefulpurposeanylonger.InthefuturethenbothsexesarelikelytobebalD.Perhapsallthisgivestheimpressionthatfuturemanwillnotbeaveryattractivecreaturetolookat!ThismaywellbetruE.Allthesameinspiteofallthesechangesfuturemanwillstillhavealotincommonwithus.Hewillstillbeahumanbeingwiththoughtsandemotionssimilartoourown.62.Thepassagemainlytellsusthat.A.man'slifewillbedifferentinthefutureB.whatwillmanlooklikeinthefutureC.manisgrowingtalleranduglierastimepassesD.human'sorgans'functionswillbecomeweak63.Thechangeinman'ssizeofforeheadwillprobablybebecause.A.hemakesuseonly20%ofthebrain'scapacityB.hisbrainhasgrownlargeroverthepastcenturiesC.theother80%ofhisbrainwillgrowinduetimeD.hewillusehisbrainmoreandmoreastimegoeson64.Whatwillbetrueaboutahumanbeinginthefuture?A.Hewillbehairlessbecausehairisnolongeruseful.B.Hewillhavesmallereyesandwillwearbetterglasses.C.Hisfingerswillgrowweakerbecausehewon'thavetomakeuseofthem.D.Hewillthinkandfeelinadifferentway.65.Itisimpliedthat.A.humanbeingswillbecomelessattractiveinthefuturE.B.lessuseofabodilyorgan器官mayleadtoitsdegeneration退化.C.humanbeingshopeforachangeinthefuturelifE.D.futurelifeisalwayspredictablE.

A.PopularityofScienceFictionB.A.FairlyNewDevelopmentC.ClassicsofScienceFictionD.DifficultyinKeepingaheadofScientificAdventureE.TheOriginofScienceFictionF.ThemesofModernScienceFiction80.Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichareusuallyclassifiedassciencefiction.HundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeoplE.Furthermoresomeofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeenbasedonsciencefictionstories.81.Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentinliteraturebutitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcernedwiththepresentationofsomeformofidealsocietyathemewhichisstilloftenfoundinmodernstories.82.Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefictionhoweverhavebeenwrittenwithinthelasthundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wellstomentionjusttwowell-knownauthorshavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.83.Modernsciencefictionwritersdon'twriteaboutmenfromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnicaldevelopmentsonsocietyandthehumanmind;orinimaginingfutureworldswhichareareflectionoftheworldwhichweliveinnow.Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.84.Inanagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefictionthewritersmayfinditdifficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.Thosewhoaresufficientlyclear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoinghowevermayprovideavaluablelessononhowtodealwiththeproblemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnology.

2011·浙江卷A.OneeveninginFebruary2007.astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultClioparkedacrossarailwaylinE.Secondlatershewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.Ceely'snearmissmadethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice导航仪.Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS.Butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.IputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrainshetoldtheBBC.Whoistoblamehere?RickStevensonwhotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhenMachinesFailUSfingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.WeputourfaithindigitaldeviceshesaysbutourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejoB.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit’snotjustGPSdevices:Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskeyboards.Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit’snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesdigitaltechnologywhiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.A.map-makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignalingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeCPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn’tsay.It’saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.InasectiononcarsStevensongivesanaccoutoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputer-basedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.HesaysthatonceonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliablE.Perhapsbutmaybeit’salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomecombinationofthesefactors.Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesiscomplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybewayawiseruseoftechnology.Ifthereissuchawayitshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines.Afterallwehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.41.WhatdidPaulaCeelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident?A.ShewasnotfamiliarwiththeroaD.B.Itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.C.Therailwayworksfailedtogivethesignal.D.HerGPSdevicedidn’ttellheraboutthecrossing42.Thephrasenearmissparagraph2canbestbereplacedby_______.A.closebitB.heavylossC.narrowescapeD.bigmistake43.WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith?A.Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan’tlivewithout.B.Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofoutexpectation.C.DigitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobE.D.GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCelery’saccident.44.Inthewriter’sopinionStevenson’sargumentis________.A.one-sidedB.reasonableC.puzzlingD.well-based45.Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle?A.Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.B.TherelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnologyC.TheshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweusE.D.Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.

ItwasadarkNovemberdayin1895.InalaboratoryattheroyalUniversityofWurzburginwesternGermanya50-year-oldphysicsprofessorWilhelmRoentgenperformedwhatlookedlikeatypeofmagiC.Heplacedaglassvacuum真空tubeinsideablackcardboardboxandappliedahigh-voltagecurrent__电流.Hesuddenlynoticedthatonabenchnearbyapieceofpapercoatedwithachemicalsubstancebegangivingoffanstrangelight.OverthefollowingtwoweeksRoentgenperformedaseriesofexperimentsthatprovedtheexistenceofaformofelectro-magnetic电磁的radiationhecalledX-rays.Hisastonishingdiscoveryhasledtoadeeperunderstandingofthephysicalworld----inparticulartothefieldofmedicaldiagnosis诊断.X-raysarewidelyusedinmedicinetomakeradiographsorX-rayspicturesofthebonesandinternalorgansofthebodytoseewhetherdiseasesexistsuchasbrokenbonesorlungdiseases.AradiographismadebypassinganX-raysbeamthroughapatient’sbodyontoapieceofphotographicfilm.Thebonestakesinmoreoftheraysthandomusclesorotherorganssothebonesthrowthesharpestshadowsonthefilm.Improvementsoverthepastcentury----fromfluoroscopy荧光透视法toCTscans----havemadeX-raystechnologyaninvaluabletoolofmedicinE.78.AtthebeginningofthepassageProf.WilhelmRoentgenwas_______.A.performinganentertainingprogramB.playingmagicC.doingsomeexperimentsD.Noneofabove79.WhenProf.Roentgenplacedaglassvacuumtubeinablackboxandappliedahigh-voltagecurrenthe_______.A.sawabenchnearbyB.noticedapieceofpaperonanearbybenchbegintoburnslowlyC.noticedapieceofpaperonanearbybenchbegintogiveoutstrangelightD.noticedapieceofpaperwascoatedwithachemicalsubstance80.Theboneshaveclearershadowonthephotographicfilmthandomusclesorotherorgansbecause______.A.thebonesareharderthanthemB.thebonescanhelpabsorbmoreraysthanthemC.thebonescanblockmoreraysthanthemD.X-rayscannotpassthroughthebones

06·辽宁B.篇UnlikemodernanimalscientistsdinosaurscientistscannotsitonahillsideandusetelescopestowatchdinosaursinordertoknowhowtheylivedandwhethertheyweregoodparentsInsteadtheyhavetosearchhardforinformationfromdinosaurs’fossils恐龙化石becausedinosaursdiedoutmillionsofyearsago.It’sverydifficultforthescientiststoreachanagreementbecausedifferentresultscanbegotfromthesamefossils.ManyfossilsofthesamekindofdinosaurshavebeendugoutfromoneplacE.Theymighthaveformedwhenanentiregroupofdinosaursgotstuck陷入allatonceortheymighthavebeentheresultofdinosaursgettingstuckoneafteranotheroveracourseofafewcenturies.ThuswecansaythatdinosaursmighthaveinthefirstcaselivedinbiggroupsandinthesecondlivedalonE.Thoughtherearetwodifferentresultsdinosaurscientistsnowgenerallyagreethatatleastsomekindsofdinosaurslivedinbiggroups.That’sprettymuchsettledatthispoint.saysPaulSereno.A.kindofdinosaurscalledSauropodsleftbehindtracksinthewesternUnitedStatesthatappeartorunnorthandsouthsuggestingthattheyevenmovedlongdistancestogether.Astowhetherdinosaurscaredfortheiryoungdinosaurscientistshaveturnedtotheclosestlivingrelativesofdinosaurs―birdsandcrocodiles―forpossiblemodels.Birdsgivealotofcaretotheiryoungwhilecrocodilesjusthelptheiryoungtothewater.ThediscoveredfossilsofdinosaurssittingontheirgeesandstayingwiththeiryoungsuggesttheparentsweretakingcareoftheirbabiesbutwestillcannotsaythatalldinosaursdidthesamE.ThereisstillalongwaytogobeforetheabovequestionscouldbeanswereD.Dinosaurscientistswillhavetofindmoreprooftoreachanagreement.60.Dinosaurscientistscangetinformationdirectlyby_______.A.studyingdinosaurfossilsB.examiningmodernanimalsC.watchingdinosaursD.usingtelescopes61.WhatisprettymuchsettledaccordingtoPaulSereno?A.HalfofthedinosaurslivedalonE.B.Mostdinosaursmovedlongdistances.C.Manydinosaurssettledinthenorth.D.Somedinosaurslivedinbiggroups.62.Dinosaurscientistscanprobablyknowwhetherdinosaursweregoodparentsby_______.A.watchingmanykindsofanimalsB.studyingdinosaurs’livingrelativesC.followingthetracksleftbehindD.workingondug-outdinosaureggs63.Whichofthefollowingtheaccordingtotheparagraph?A.Birdshardlyayattentiontotheiryoung.B.Babycrocodilescanlookafterthemselveswell.C.Somedinosaurstookcareoftheiryoung.D.Birdsandcrocodilestakegoodcareoftheiryoung.

2011·四川卷C.ThepoundnewLibraryofBirminghamLoBwillbethemostvisiblesignofthewaythecityisacceptingthedigitalization数字化ofeverydaylifE.Settoopenin2013the£188mLoBisalreadybeginningtotaleshapenexttotheBirminghamRepertoryTheatrewithwhichitwillsharesomeequipment.Asdigitalmedia媒介isimportanttoitsidea.theprojectisalreadyprovidingchancesforsomeofthemanysmallnewlocalcompaniesworkingatthenewtechnologies.BrianGamblestheLoBprojectdirectorsaysitisaboutgivingpeopletherighttoolsforlearningTheaimistomixthephysicalwiththedigital.Providing24-hourserviceswhichcanbeusedthroughmanydifferentways.Itisimportanttoenableustoreachmorepeoplemoreeffectively.ThedigitallibrarywillhesaysbeasimportantasthephysicaloneallowingthedistantuseoftheservicesmakingsurethatitisneverclosedtothepubliC.EvenbeforetheLoBiscompletethepublichasbeenabletogoonlinetovisittheVirtual虚拟的LoBdesignedbyBadentheBirminghamvirtualworldsspecialists.NotonlyhavethepublicbeenabletolearnaboutLoBbutthevirtualonehasalsoenabledthoseworkingontheLoBtounderstandthebuildingandhowitwillworkbeforeitevenopens.TwoothersmallBirmingham-baseddigitalcompaniesareworkingontheLoBprojects.Substratadigitaldesigncompanyisdevelopingwhatitcallsanexampleofanenlargedrealityproject.ItisabouttheuseofanexcitingsmartphoneanimportantpartofthewhichistheearlystagesofdevelopmentisanonlinelibraryoffiguresofthecitybeingbuiltupbyacontentcompanyinCahootsinwhichuserswiththeencouragedtoaddtoandcommentonthematerial.Gamblessays:Technologywillenableustomakethelibrary’sandservicesopentocitizensasseverbeforE.49.TheunderlinepartitsideainParagraph3referstotheideaof____A.theequipmentB.theprojectC.thedigitalmediaD.thephysicallibrary50.WhilevisitingtheVirtualLoBthepubliccan_____A.getageneralideaoftheLoBB.meetmoreworld-famousexpertsC.learnhowtoputupalibrarybuildingD.understandhowthespecialistsworkontheproject51.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheLoBwhenitopens?A.ItoffersbetterlearningtoolsB.ItreachesusersindifferentwaysC.ItprovidesuserswithsmartphoneD.ItallowsuserstoenrichitsmaterialE.Itgivesnon-stopphysicalanddigitalservicesA.abdB.aceC.bcdD.bde52.Thisextmorefrom.A.aputbookB.alibraryguideC.ahandbookD.newspaperreport

RecentlyacommitteeoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesinWashingtonreleasedareport.Itconfirmedthatworldtemperaturesincreasedaboutsix-tenthsofadegreeCelsiusinthelastonehundredyears.Thereportalsoconfirmedevidencethatthelevelofcarbondioxideinincreasing.ThebestinformationaboutclimateinthepastcomesfromtestsoficemanykilometersdeepinAntarcticaandGreenland.Thesetestsshowthatlevelsofcarbondioxidetodayarethehighestevermeasured.Thesefindingshaveledscientiststobelievethatcarbondioxideisamajorcauseofclimatewarming.CarbondioxideisreleasedintotheatmospherewhenfuelisburneD.Oilcoalandwoodareallfuelsthatreleasethegas.WhenbiologicalwastebreaksdownitalsoreleasescarbondioxidE.Howeverplantsusecarbondioxideintheprocesscalledphotosynthesis.ThisprocessprovidesfoodforalmostalllifeonEarth.Somegroupsthatsupportburningoilandcoalwanttoincreasetheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.TheyopposeinternationaleffortstocontrolcarbondioxidE.Somescientistsbelievethatforestsandtreesareabletocapturelargeamountsofcarbondioxidefromtheair.Somegroupsevensuggestthatanincreaseincarbondioxidecouldcauseplantstogrowfaster.ArecentstudyinNorthCarolinafoundthatmorecarbondioxideintheaircouldcausetreestogrowfaster.Buttheresearchersfoundtheeffectappearstolastforonlythreeyears.Anotherstudyshowedthatmuchofthecarbondioxidethatistakeninbytreesinreleasedwithinthreeyears.Thestudynotedthatleavesreleasedcarbondioxidewhentheyfallfromtreesandbreakdowninthesoil.Plantsalsonaturallyreleasecarbondioxidethroughtheprocessofrespiration.72.WhichoneisNOTmentionedinthispassagethatcanbethesourceofcarbondioxide?A.OilB.TreesC.WoodD.Soil73.ThecommitteereportofNationalAcademyofsciencesinWashingtonrevealsthat.A.icefromAntarcticaandGreenlandisappropriatetoshowthechangeB.carbondioxideisreleasedmainlyfromthefuelC.levelofcarbondioxideincreaseswithglobaltemperaturesD.carbondioxideishelpfulfortreegrowth74.Accordingtothispassagethosepeopledisagreewiththecontrolofcarbondioxidebecause.A.theythinkthatcarbonisbeneficialforplantgrowthB.theywanttousemorefuelsthatcansendoutcarbondioxideC.theythinkitwilldestroythenaturalbalanceofgasesintheworldD.theythinkcarbondioxideisnotthemainreasonforglobalwarming75.ThosestudiescarriedoutinNorthCarolinasuggestthat.A.morecarbondioxideisbeneficialfortrees’growthformanydecadesB.trees’functionforabsorbingcarbondioxideislimitedC.carbondioxideisthemaincauseforglobalwarmingD.leavesfallingfromtreescansendoutmoreoxygen

Althoughmanhasknownasbestos石棉formanyhundredsofyearsitwasnotuntil160yearsagothatitwasminedforthefirsttimeontheNorthAmericancontinent.H.W.JohnsownerofaNewYorkCitySupplyShopforrooferswasresponsiblefor对负责theopeningofthatfirstminE.Mr.JohnswasgivenapieceofasbestoswhichhadbeenfoundinItaly.Heexperimentedwiththematerialandthenshoweditssurprisingpowerstohiscustomers.Afterputtingonapairofasbestosgloveswhichlookedmuchlikeordinaryworkgloveshetookred-hotcoalsfromthefireplaceandplayedwiththeminhishands.Howastonishedthecustomersweretodiscoverthathewasnotburnedatall.Youcanwellimaginethathehadincreasingbusinessinasbestosroofingmaterials.HoweverbecauseitwasveryexpensivetotransportcarrythemfromItalytotheUnitedStatesMr.JohnssentoutayoungscientisttoseekasourcenearerhomE.Thisyoungmanfoundgreatvein岩脉intheprovinceofQuebecinCanadA.Eversince1881Quebechasledtheworldintheproductionofthisunusualmineralwhichismadeupofmagnesiumsiliconironandoxygen.WhenitisminedtheasbestosisheavyjustasyouwouldexpectamineraltobE.Whenitisseparatedastrangethinghappens;therockbreaksdownintofinesoftsoapyfibres纤维.Scientistsdonotknowwhytherockcanbeseparatedeasilyintothreads线buttheyhavefoundthousandsofusersofthisfireproofmaterialoftheso-calledclothofstone.59.Whichtitlebestexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?A.AsbestosminedinCanadaB.FireproofmatterC.A.wondermineralD.A.newroofingmaterial60.Johnsprovedhisabilityasasalesmanby_______.A.goingintoroofingbusinessB.carryingasbestosfromItalyC.sendingatrainedscientistD.showingtheuseofasbestosgloves61.Whichisthemostimportantcharacterofasbestosthattheauthorwantstoshowus?A.ItislikethreaD.B.Itfeelssoapy.C.Itburnseasily.D.Itisunusuallyheavy.62Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassagewasto_______.A.showtheneedformorescientistsB.compareasbestoswithothermineralsC.increasethesalesofasbestosD.presentfactsaboutasbestos

Wormsantisandflowersliveinsoil.Fishcrabsandseaweedsliveinoceans.Birdsinsectsandmossliveintrees.soiloceansandtreesarehabitats一placeswhereanimalsandplantslive.Besidesofferingfoodandshelterhabitatsallowforgrowthandreproduction.Humanshoweverhavedestroyedmanyhabitats.Wechangeforestsintoparkinglots.Weturngrasslandsintoneighborhoods.Weturnbeachlandintoresorts.Weturn0ceansintochemicaldumps.Someplantsandanimalsadaptandsurvive.Othershoweverdie.Thechangesaretoomuchtoofast.Sometimesthedeathratebecomesgreaterthanthebirthrate.thentheextinctionoccurs.AnexampleofthishappenedonFlorida'seastcoastthehabitatoftheduskyseasidesparrow.ThishabitatchangedsuddenlyaslandwasdevelopeD.Andthesparrowswerenotabletoadapt.Moresparrowsdiedthanwereborn.In1987theduskyseasidesparrowbecameextinct.Noneexistintheworldtoday.Fortunatelyconservationeffortsareunderway.Manystateshavesetasidelandfornaturepreserves.Hereplantsandanimalsliveintheirnaturalhabitats.Somestateshavecreatedman-madehabitats.Artificialreefsforexamplehavebeenputinoceanwaters.Theartificialreefsarehabitatsforhundredsoffishandothermarinelife.In1970thefederalgovernmentpassedalawtoprotecthabitats.'Ibis～thattheeffortsofdevelopmentmustbestudied.Ahighwaydamorpowerplantmaynotbebuiltifplantsandanimalsendangered.Weweretoolatetosavetheduskysparrow.Hopefullyhowevertheseneweffortswillsaveotherplantsandanimals.63.Thispassageisconcernedwith＿.A.federallawsB.theduskyseasidesparrowC.habitatprotectionD.artificialreefs64.TheworstthatcanhappenwhenhabitatsaredestroyedisthatplantsandanimalsA.liveintheirnaturalhabitatsB.becomeextinctC.adaptandsurviveD.movetonewhabitats65.Theauthor’sfeelingaboutconservationeffortsisoneof＿.A.surpriseB.disrespectC.hopeD.enthusiasm66.Theauthorexplainstheeffectsofhabitatdestructionbypresentinga＿.A.real-lifeexampleB.personalnarrativeC.scientificstudyD.made-unstory

Weallknowthatwhenleavesfalltothegroundtheydieandbecomefoodforworms.Whenwormspasstheleavestheirwastecanhelptomakethesoilrichfromwhichtheplantsusetogettheirnutrition.Theplantsgrowandprovidefoodforanimals.Whentheanimalseattheplantstheirwastegoesbackintothesoil.It’saperfectcyclE.ButattheElephantConservationCentreinLampangNorthernThailandtheyareusingelephantwasteforsomethingmore―tomake100%naturalbeautifulcolorfulpaperproducts!100yearsagoover100000elephantsinThailandworkedonfarmsbuildingsitesandeveninthearmy.Howeveronly6000remaintheretodaybecauseofadvancesintechnologythathavemadeelephants’oldwordlessnecessary.Elephantsaredoingnewjobsnowincludingentertainingtouristsbypaintingandplayingfootballandnowbyhelpinginthepapermakingindustry.AndtheirkeeperscalledMahoutscanearnalivingfortheirfamiliesandhelptheirelephantsbyusingelephantwastealsocalleddungtomakebeautifulnaturalpaperproductswithoutanybadsmell.Everydayanadultelephanteatsabout200kgofplantslikebamboograssandwatermelonseeds.Hisbodysystembreakstheplantsinto50kgoffiberswhichcanproduce115sheetsoffibrouspaper.Thefirststeptomakethisspecialnaturalpaperistocollectthefiberrichdungfromtheelephant.ThenextstepistowashitandboilitforfivehourstokillbacteriA.ThewatertheuseinthisprocessisreusedtowaterplansattheCentrewhichinturnfeedtheelephants.Afterit’sboiledtheycutfibersup.Duringthecuttingprocesstheyaddinthedesiredcolorofthepaper.Forthefourthsteptheytakethemixtureandmakeballsof300g.Eachballisthenspeedslightlyoverbambooframestodryintoonelargesheetofpaper.AfterafewhoursinthesunthesheetsaredryenoughtoremovE.Theresultisawonderful100%naturalrecycledpaper.Peoplearoundtheworldaregettinginterestedinbuyingthisspecialelephantpaperfortheirholidaycardswritingpaperandmuchmorebecauseit’sbeautifulnaturalandhelpssomany.60.WhyaretherefewelephantsinThailandtodaythanbefore?A.Becausetheydon’thaveenoughfooD.B.Becausetheywerekilledinthewar.C.Becausetheytechnologydevelopsveryfast.D.BecausetheyMahoutsdon’twanttokeepthem.61.Whatisthefamousproductmentionedinthepassage?A.Paper.B.Dung.C.Fibers.D.Bambooframes.62.Whataretheexactwordstodescribethewholeprocessoftheproduct?A.CommoninterestingandinexpensivE.B.Unusualamazingandperfect.C.Impossiblespecialbutnecessary.D.Naturalwonderfulandcommon.

Mostearthquakesoccurwithintheupper15milesoftheearth’ssurfacE.Butearthquakescananddooccuratalldepthstoabout460miles.Theirnumberdecreasesasthedepthincreases.Atabout460milesoneearthquakeoccursonlyeveryfewyears.Nearthesurfaceearthquakesmayrunashighas100inamonthbuttheyearlyaveragedoesnotvarymuch.Incomparisonwiththetotalnumberofearthquakeseachyearthenumberofdisastrousearthquakesisverysmall.[JP]Theextentofthedisasterinanearthquakedependsonmanyfactors.IfyoucarefullybuildatoyhousewithanerectsetitwillstillstandnomatterhowmuchyoushakethetablE.Butifyoubuildatoyhousewithapackofcardsaslightshakeofthetablewillmakeitfall.AnearthquakeinAgadirMoroccowasnotstrongenoughtoberecordedondistantinstrumentsbutitcompletelydestroyedthecity.ManystrongerearthquakeshavedonecomparativelylittledamagE.IfabuildingiswellconstructedandbuiltonsolidgrounditwillresistanearthquakE.Mostdeathsinearthquakeshavebeenduetofaultybuildingconstructionorpoorbuildingsites.A.thirdandveryseriousfactorispaniC.Whenpeoplerushoutintonarrowstreetsmoredeathswillresult.TheUnitedNationshasplayedanimportantpartinreducingthedamagedonebyearthquakes.Ithassentateamofexpertstoallcountriesknowntobeaffectedbyearthquakes.WorkingwithlocalgeologistsandengineerstheexpertshavestudiedthenatureofthegroundandthetypeofmostpracticalbuildingcodeforthelocalareA.Iffollowedthesesuggestionswillmakedisastrousearthquakesalmostathingofthepast.Thereisonetypeofearthquakedisasterthatlittlecanbedoneabout.Thisisthedisastercausedbyseismicseawavesortsunamis.Theseareoftencalledtidalwavesbutthenameisincorrect.Theyhavenothingtodowithtides.IncertainareasearthquakestakeplacebeneaththeseA.Thesesubmarineearthquakessometimesgiverisetoseismicseawaves.Thewavesarenotnoticeableoutatseabecauseoftheirlongwavelength.Butwhentheyrollintoharborstheypileupintowallsofwater6to60feethigh.TheJapanesecallthemtsunamismeaningharborwavesbecausetheyreachasizableheightonlyinharbors.Tsunamistravelfairlyslowlyatspeedsupto500milesanhour.Anadequatewarningsystemisinusetowarnallshoreslikelytobereachedbythewaves.ButthisonlyenablespeopletoleavethethreatenedshoresforhighergrounD.ThereisnowaytostoptheoncomingwavE.65.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.Thenumberofearthquakesiscloselyrelatedtodepth.B.Roughlythesamenumberofearthquakesoccureachyear.C.Earthquakesareimpossibleatdepthsover460miles.D.Earthquakesaremostlikelytooccurnearthesurfaces.66.ThedestructionofAgadirisanexampleof_____.A.faultybuildingconstructionB.anearthquake’sstrengthC.widespreadpanicinearthquakesD.ineffectiveinstruments67.TheUnitedNations’expertsaresupposedto_____.A.constructstrongbuildingsB.putforwardproposalsC.detectdisastrousearthquakesD.monitorearthquakes68.Thesignificanceoftheslowspeedoftsunamisisthatpeoplemay_____.A.noticethemoutatseaB.findwaystostopthemC.bewarnedearlyenoughD.developwarningsystems

It’snotallkangaroosdowntherePeoplejustnaturallyassociatekangarookoalaandfinebeacheswithAustralia.YesyoucanfindmanyfinesandbeacheswhiteorbrowntoenjoythesunshineandseasidebreezE.HoweverinQueenslandtheeasternstateofAustraliaanightbeachtouratthistimeoftheyearmaybringyouamoreexcitingsightofthemiracleoflife:Youcanwatchhatchingbabyturtlesmakingtheirfirststepsinanaturalenvironment.OnMonReposbeachabout14kilometreseastofcityofBundaberginQueenslandAustralialiesMonReposConservationPark.BydayMonReposbeachisasweepingbayofbrownsandaquietspotforpeopletosunbathesurfandfish.Bynightit’shometothelargestconcentrationofendangeredmarineturtlesontheeasternAustralianmainlanD.Andthemiracleofegglayingandhatchinghappensfromaroundmid-OctobertotheendofAprileveryyear.Inordernottodisturbtheturtlestouristshavetofollowtheinstructionoftheguides.Butthismaymakethetourmorelikeanadventure:Touristareusuallytoldtohuddle蜷缩closetogetherholdhandsandwalkclosetotheshorelineinthedark.AtthestartoftheseasonOctoberandNovembertouristscanviewturtlelayingtheireggs.Turtlesfirstuseallfourflippers鳍状肢todigabodypit坑inthesandandthenlayeggsinit.It’snotuncommonforaturtletolaymorethan100eggsatatimE.Andhermissionisn’tdoneuntilsheusesherflipperstoflicksandandcoverthenest.IfyougothereattheendoftheseasonMarchtoAprilyoucanseegroupsofhatchingswalkdowntothewater.ItisanastonishingsightasthesmallcreaturesbarelytwominutesoldraceinstinctivelytotheseaIftheysurvivethesamehatchingswillreturnin50years’timetolayeggsontheverybeachwheretheyfirstemerged出现.60.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.A.recommendthereaderstohaveaholidayinAustraliaB.givethereadersanideaofthedifferentsceneriesofAustraliaC.showthatAustraliahasavarietyofanimals.D.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicofthisarticlE.61.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.turtlecanusuallylay100eggsatatimE.B.It’squitedangerousforthetouristtowatchtheturtlesatnightbytheseashorE.C.Turtlesusuallylayeggswhentheyare50yearsofagE.D.IfyougotothebeachinOctoberyoucanseeturtleslayeggs.62.Theunderlinedwordinthepassageprobablyrefersto______.A.theprocessofhatchingB.themotherturtlesC.theendofhatchingD.newly-bornturtles63.Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectrelationshipofthethreeplaces?M=MonReposConservationPark;Q=Queensland;B=Bundaberg

05·福建C.篇WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditissteamywarmdampandthick.Butifyouhadbeenaround15000yearsagoduringthelasticeagewouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30yearsscientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsliketheAmazonmighthavereacted反应tothecolddryclimatesoftheiceagesbutuntilnownoonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonnesofCO2eachyear;equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttofutureclimatechange?IfitgetsdrierwillitstillsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.UnfortunatelygettingintotheAmazonrainforestandcollectinginformationareverydifficult.Tostudypastclimatescientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollenkeptinlakemuds.Goingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdeepdownintolakesediments沉淀物whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpathsorplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforestbutthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscompletelyunsampled未取样.SofaronlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonrainforestreactstoclimatechangE.64.Theunderlinedphrasemoppingupinthesecondparagraphmeans.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout65.HowwilltheAmazonrainforestreacttofutureclimatechange?A.It’llgetdrierandcontinuetoremoveCO2.B.It’llremainsteamywarmdampandthick.C.It’llgetwarmerandthencolderanddrier.D.Thereisnoexactansweruptopresent.66.What’sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.It’simportanttodrilldeepdownintolakesedimentstocollectinformation.B.It’simpossibletoprovehowclimatechangesintheAmazonrainforest.C.It’shardtocollectinformationforstudiesofthepastclimateintheAmazonrainforest.D.It’snecessarytohavespecializedequipmentandmachinerytostudythepastclimatE.67.Thebesttitleforthispassagemayprobablybe.A.StudiesoftheAmazonB.ClimatesoftheAmazonC.SecretsoftheRainforestsD.ChangesoftheRainforests

NOTallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares.NowAmericanresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapillwhichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.ThepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperiencE.Theyhopeitmightreduceorpossiblyerase抹去theeffectofpainfulmemories.InNovemberexpertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.SofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereducednotthatthememoriesareeraseD.Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadideawhileotherssupportit.Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldiers’troublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmarE.TheyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotionssaidRogerPitmanaprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchool.:Thiscouldrelievealotofthatsuffering.Butthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatchangingmemoriesisverydangerousbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity特质.Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.AllofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhowearE.I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesoutsaidRebeccaDresseramedicalethicist53.Thepassageismainlyabout.A.anewmedicalinventionB.anewresearchonthepillC.awayoferasingpainfulmemoriesD.anargumentabouttheresearchonthepill54.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan.A.causethebraintofixmemoriesB.stoppeoplerememberingbadexperiencesC.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicalsD.wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories55.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepillsB.thepillwillstoppeople’sbadexperiencesC.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealthD.thepillhasprobablybeenproducedinAmerica56.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?A.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.B.Peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.D.Thepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingsfrombadmemories.

TopreventthedesertscomingnearChinahasplantedbillionsoftrees---toreplacedestroyedforestsandasbarriersagainstthesanD.Thisisn’tacurethoughsayexpertsasthirstytreescanmaketheproblemworsebytakingingroundwater.Plantingtressisonewaybutitisn’tthatsimplE.Itdoesn’tsolvethebasicissueofwaterresourcessaysWuBoaprofessor.Weneedtocalculatehowmuchwaterthetreeswillabsorborelseitcouldhaveanegativeeffect.VillagersinZhengxinhavetakenonthischallengewithlimitedsuccess.WhentheirrigationchannelsbegantorundryLuXianglinswitchedfromwheattocottononhislanD.Healsoplantedtreestoprotecthisfieldsfromsandstorms.Hesayshestillgetsgoodyieldsusingfloodirrigationandearnsagoodincomeforhisfamily.Otherfarmershaven’tstuckitout:AboutoneinthreehaveleftZhengxininthepast10yearsaftertheirwheatcropsdieD.Youngpeoplewhocanfindjobsinthetownsrarelyreturn.LastweekMrLujoinedtheothermeninhisvillageonagovernment-arrangedtriptoseethelandthathasbeensetasidefortheirrelocationnearly40milestothesouth.Thenextdayhewasbackshakinghisheadattheplan.Theideaofuprootinghisfamilytroubleshimasdoestheideaofgivingupthelandthatfedhisforefathers.Hepreferstostayandkeepupthefight.WithenoughwaterthisproblemcanbesolvedLusays.Wecanplanttreesandgrassandtheywillgrowbigger.Thatwillstopthedesert.Expertssaythatfarmerscouldswitchtodripirrigationtolessentheirwaterintakeforgrowingcrops.Elsewhereintheregionfarmershavebuiltbrickgreenhousesaspartofaplantogrowvegetablesusinglesswater.RoadsidesignsurgefarmerstoSaveWaterProtecttheEnvironment.49.Thenegativeeffectofplantingtreesindesertsisthat__________.A.itcanmakegroundwaterbecomelessB.itcanpreventthesandmovingfreelyC.itcanstopcropsgrowingwellD.itcangetthesoiltobecomepoor50.WhydidMrLuNOTaccepttheideaofrelocation?A.Becausetheplanofrelocationwillcosthimmuchmoney.B.Becausehisfamilyhadtroublemovingaway.C.BecausehewasreluctanttogiveuphislanD.D.Becausehewouldratherstaythanfightagainstthedeserts.51.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Thedesertsdrivemoreandmorepeopletoleavetheirhomesfortheirlives.BPeoplehavenomeanstofightagainstthelandbecomingdesertC.Wateristhebiggestbarrierforpeopletostopthedesert.D.Plantingtreescannotsolvetheproblemofdesertificationoffarmland52.Whatadviceisgivenbyexpertstosavewater?A.ToplantmoretreesB.TobuildgreenhousesC.TochangecropsD.Tousedripirrigation.

10·江苏D.篇ImagineonedaygettingoutofbedinBeijingandbeingatyourofficeinShanghaiinonlyacoupleofhoursandthenafterafulldayofworkgoingbackhometoBeijingandhavingdinnerthere.Soundsunusualdoesn'tit?Butit'snotthatunrealisticwiththedevelopmentofChina’shigh—speedrailwaysystem.Andthat’snota11.Chinahasanevengreaterhigh—speedrailwayplan—toconnectthecountrywithSoutheastAsiaandeventuallyEasternEurope.Chinaisnegotiatingtoextenditsownhigh·-speedrailwaynetworktoupto17countriesin10to15yearseventuallyreachingLondonandSingapore.Chinahasproposedthreesuchprojects.ThefirstwouldpossiblyconnectKunmingwithSingaporeviaVietnamandMalaysia.AnothercouldstartinUrumqiandgothroughKazakhstanandUzbekistanandpossiblytoGermany.ThethirdwouldstartinthenortheastandgonorththroughRussiaandthenintoWesternEurope.IfChina’splanforthehigh-speedrailwaygoesforwardpeoplecouldzipoverfromLondontoBeilinginundertwodays.ThenewsystemwouldstillfollowChina’shigh—speedrailwaystandard.Andthetrainswouldbeabletogo346kilometersanhouralmostasfastassomeairplanes.China’sbullettrain高速客车theoneconnectingWuhantoGuangzhoualreadyhastheWorld’sfastestaveragespeed.Itcovers1069kilometersinaboutthreehours.Ofcoursetherearesometechnicalchallengestoovercome.Therearesomanyissuesthatneedtobesettledsuchassafetyrailgauge轨距maintenanceofrailwaytracks.Soit’simportanttopayattentiontoeverydetail.Butthekeyissueisreallymoney.Chinaisalreadyspendinghundredsofbillionsofyuanondomesticrailwayexpansion.Chinaprefersthattheothercountriespayinnaturalresourcesratherthanwithcapitalinvestment.ResourcesfromthosecountriescouldstreamintoChinatosustaindevelopment.It’11beawin-winproject.Forothercountriestherailwaynetworkwilldefinitelycreatemoreopportunitiesforbusinesstourismandsoonnottomentionthebettercommunicationamongthosecountnes.ForChinasuchaprojectwouldnotonlyconnectitwiththerestofAsiaandbringsomemuch-neededresourcesbutwouldalsohelpdevelopChina’sfarwest.Weforeseethatinthecomingdecadesmillionsofpeoplewillmigratetothewesternregionswherethelandisemptyandresourcesunused.Withhigh-speedtrainspeoplewillsetupfactoriesandbusinesscentersinthewestonceandfora11.Andthey’11tradewithCentralAsianandEasternEuropeancountries.

ThefirstMP4playerwasbornyearsago.Soonmanymusicfanswerewonderinghowfantasticitis!IfyouhavebeenintotechnologyenoughperhapsyoumayhaveaknowledgeoftheMP4.IfnotyoudoneedtoknowsomethingbeforebuyingoneevenifyouarefamiliarwithMP3.MP3istheCD-likediscwithgreatercapacity.HowaboutMP4?ThissmalldigitalproductwillreallyenrichthejoyfromlisteningtomusiC.Youcanevenfeelthetouchofmusictoyoursoul!NowsomesimilardigitalproductsadvertisedasMP4playersaresimplyMP3playerswhichdonotplayvideoandMPEGformat格式andalsolackotherparticularfunctions.TheseproductsconfusesomebuyersastheymaythinktheMP4playerssimplymeantheycandomorethanMP3.WhatisMP4?!Itisamultimediacontainer.Itisnotonlyusedtostoredigitalaudio音频anddigitalvideostreamsespeciallythoseofMPEGbutcanalsobeusedtostoreotherdatasuchassubtitles字幕andpictures.AsamostmoderncontainerformatitallowsstreamingovertheInternet.WiththehelpofapieceofMP4videoequipmentyoucanchangevariousprogramssuchasMPEGtoMP4ASXtoMP4AVItoMP4andsoonwhichcanbedoneveryquicklyandeasilywithoutanyeffectonthesoundquality.Byinstalling安装DVD-MP4softwareyoucantransferparticularmusicfromaDVDtoanMP4videofilE.ItreallyexcitesyourlisteningmusicexperiencE.ThenthereisMP4advancedandyoucansetyourowncollectionofalltheprograms―TVshowsgamesandmusiC.Youcanevenseemovieswhicharestillrunningincinemas.Whatelsedigitalproductcouldyoupossiblyaskfor?57.Itissuggestedherethatyoushould________beforebuyinganMP4playerA.firstbeamusicfanB.haveaknowledgeofMP4C.getfamiliarwithMP3D.buyaCD-likedisc58.FromthepassagewecanseethatMP4is________MP3.A.muchbiggerthanB.justasadvancedasC.notsoparticularasD.morefunctionalthan59.WhichfunctionofMP4isNOTdirectlymentionedinthispassage?A.Storingdigitalaudioandvideostreams.B.Recordingsomemoviesincinemas.C.PlayingTVshowsgamesandmovies.D.TransferringparticularmusicfromaDVD.60.Fromthelastsentenceit’sclearthatthewritertriestotellusitis_______.A.reasonabletobuyotherdigitalproductsB.impossibletobuysomethingelseC.averywisechoicetobuyanMP4D.anexcitingexperiencetobuyanMP3

2011·陕西卷D.Eversincetheywerefirstputonthemarketintheearly1990sgenticallymondifiedGM转基因foodshavebeenincreasinglydevelopedandmarketedinmanycountriesinthewordmainlyonthebasisoftheirpromisetoendtheworldwidefoodcrisis.ButcanGMtechnologysolveworldhungerproblems?Evenifitwouldisitthebestsolutiorr?DespitewhatitpromiisesGMtechnologyactuallyhasnotincreasedtheproductionpotentialofanycorp.InfactStudiesshowthatthemostcrownGMcroo.GMsoybeanshassufferedreducedproductivity.ForinstanceareportthananalysednearlytwodecadesofresearchonmojorGMfoodcropsshowsthatGMengineeringhasfailedtosignificantlyincreaseUScropproduction.SomethingelsehoweverhasbeenontheriseWhileGMseedsareexpensiveGMcompanicstellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides杀虫剂.OnthecontraryUSgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.ButnetheristruesaidBillChristisonPresidentoftheUSNationalFarmCoalition.AtthesametimetheauthorsofthebookWorldHunger:TwelveMythsarguethatthereactuallyismorethanenoughfoodintheworldandthatthehungercrisisisnotcausedbyproductionbutbyproblemsinfooddistributionandpolitics.Theseindeeddeserveoureffortsandmoney.Meanwhiletheriseinfoodpricesresultsfromtheincreaseduseofcropsforfuelratherthanfoodaccordingtoa2008WorldBankreport.AsamatteroffactscientistsseebetterwaystofeedtheworlD.AnotherWorldBankreportconcludedthatGMcropshavelittletooffertothechallengesofworldwidepovertyandhungerbecausebetterwaysoutareavailableamongwhichgreenfarmingissupposedtobethefirstchoicE.57.Theauthordevelopsthesecondparagraphmainly.【】A.byclassificationB.bycomparisonC.byexampleD.byprocess58.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordboostinthethirdparagraphprobablymean?【】A.Control.B.EvaluateC.Obtain.D.IncreasE.59.GMcompaniespromisefarmersthattheywillbenefitfrom______________.【】A.practicinggreenfarmingB.useoflesschemicalsC.fairdistributionoftheircropsD.usingmorecropsforfuel60.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsGMtechnology?【】A.OptimisticB.DefensiveC.DisapprovingD.Casual

Anaspirinadaykeepsthedoctoraway.Aspirinhaslongbeenpraisedasawonderdrugandhasbeeninyourfamilysinceyoucanremember.Notonlydoesitcurepainitalsolowerstheriskofheartattackandstroke中风.ButtakingthepillsdailymaynotworkforeveryonE.Althoughtakinganoccasionalaspirinortwoissafeformostadultstouseforheadachesbodyachesorfeverdailyuseofaspirincanhaveserioussideeffects.Upto60percentofusbothhealthypeopleandthosebeingtreatedforalltypesofheartdiseasemayhavesomelevelofresistancetoaspirin'sbenefits.Aspirinkeepsplatelets血小板fromstickingloweringtheriskofclotting结块.Peoplewhoareaspirin-resistantstillgetpainreliefbutnotthefullblood-thinningeffects.Howdoyouknowwhetheryou'reresistant?Newbloodtestscanhelpyourdoctordecidewhethertogiveyouadifferentmedicineespeciallyifyou'reatriskorarebeingtreatedforheartdiseasE.Thetestsaren'tyetwidelyavailablebutitdoesn'thurttoask.Peopletakingaspirindailyshouldlimittheamountofalcoholtheydrinkbecauseofitsadditionalblood-thinningeffectsandpotentialtoupsetyourstomach.Thusyoushouldnothavemorethanonedrinkifyou'reawomanortwodr/nksadayifyou'reaman.Doesdailyaspirintreatmentdifferbetweenmenandwomen?Recentstudieshavefocusedontheeffectsofaspirininwomenfindingthatitseffectsdifferbetweenthesexesandforwomenbetweenagegroups.AllinallaspirinisstillaneffectiveaffordableandsimpleoptionformanypeopleatriskofheartattackandstrokE.Thoughitisreadilyavailablealwayscheckwithyourdoctorbeforestartingdailyaspirintreatment.66.Aspirinhasgotthereputationofawonderdrugbecause__A.anaspirinadaykeepsthedoctorawayB.itcanmakepeoplefeellesspainfulC.ithelpstopreventheartattacksandstrokesD.itdoesn'thaveanyserioussideeffects67.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutaspirinisTRUE?A.Aspirindoeshaveblood-thinningeffects.B.Ifyouareresistanttoaspirinyouwon'tfeelpain.C.Peopletakingaspirinwon'tsufferfromheartattacks.D.60percentofpeoplecouldn'tbenefitfromAspirin.68.Whatdoweknowaboutthebloodtestsmentionedinthefourthparagraph?A.Thenewexaminationdoesn'thurtatall.B.Thetestsonlyhelpaspirin-resistantpeoplE.C.Doctorsdotheteststotestnewmedicines.D.Onlysomepeoplehaveevertakenthetests.69.Wecan/camfromthepassagethat__A.drinkingalcoholwillmakepeoplefeeluncomfortableB.drinkingalcoholcouldinfluencethefunctionofaspirinC.alcoholhasmuchgreatereffectsthanaspirinonblood-thinningD.peopleshouldnotdrinkanyalcoholwhiletakingaspirindaily70.Whatdoesthewriterthinkoftakingaspirindaily?A.Peopleshouldbecarefultomakethisdecision.B.ThistreatmentiseffectiveaffordableandsimplE.C.ItcouldbeusedtocureheartattackandstrokE.D.Oldwomenshouldnotstartthiskindoftreatment.

Forhundredsofyearshumanshavedreamedoffindinglifeondistantplanets.NowthehopeofdiscoveringrealevidenceoflifehasgreatlyincreaseD.NASA’SMarsdetector探测器Opportunitysucceededinfindingsignsthatwateronceexistedontheplanet.ScientistsnowbelievethattheplanetcouldoncehavesupportedlifE.ThisdiscoverywaschosenbyScienceoneoftheworld’sleadingmagazinesasthemostimportantscientificachievementof2004lastFriday.Thislittlewheeledone-armedboxwentaroundanotherplanetandhasdonesomethingnohumanhasevermanagedaccordingtoSciencE.IthasdiscoveredanotherplaceintheuniversewherelifecouldoncehaveexisteD.Althoughwestillcan’tsaythatlifecouldhaveexistedinthisenvironmentitisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMarssaidSteveSquyresoneofthescientistsworkingontheMarsmission.TheevidencecomesfrompicturesandchemicalreadingstakenbyOpportunity.ItincludesmarksonrockslikethosecausedbyfollowingwateronEarthandsaltychemicalslikethosefoundindried-outsea-beds.ScientistssaidthenewevidenceprovedbeyonddoubtthatwaterhasexistedonMars.ButitisstillunknownwhetherthewaterwaslikeanoceanorjusticE.WhileOpportunityhasnotfoundanysignsoflifethepresenceofwatermeanslifeispossiblE.IneverythingweknowaboutlifeonEarththereisnoexamplewithoutliquidwaterSquyressaiD.SowaterisimportantforthesearchforlifeonMars.Researchersagreethatafuturemission任务shouldbringbackphysicalsamples样品.ButsomescientistsworryabouttheriskthatthiscouldintroducedangerousforeigncreaturestoEarth.Theproblemhereishowtogetthesamplesback.SquyresreplieD.Ithinkitisourresponsibilitytolimitanyrisk.61.WhatprovedthatwaterexistedonMars?A.Thephysicalsampleswithsaltychemicals.B.Scientificachievementsof2004.C.Themarksonrocksandsaltychemicals.D.CreaturesfromMars.62.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?A.ItisnowcertainthattherewaswateronMars.B.ThewateronMarswaslikeanocean.C.EvidenceoflifeonMarshasbeenfounD.D.SearchforlifeonMarsisagreatrisktohumans.63.HowdidscientistsdrawtheconclusionthattherewaswateronMars?A.Theworld’sleadingmagazinehasannouncedthefact.B.ScientistshavetakenmanypicturesandchemicalreadingsontheMars.C.AstronautshavegotsomerocksfromMars.D.ScientistshavemadeastudyofthepicturesandreadingssentbackbyMarsdetector.64.ItcanbeinferredthatifthecreaturesfromMarscametoearth.A.theywouldbekindtohumansB.theywouldbecrueltohumansC.theywouldbeagreatdangertoEarthD.itwouldbehardtosaywhetheritwouldbegoodnewsorbadnews

阅读下面短文请根据短文后的要求进行答题请注意问题后的字数要求SurgeonsinSpainhavesuccessfullycarriedouttheworld’sfirstorgantransplant移植usingnewstemcelltechnology.Somepeoplearecallingitthegreatestmedicalbreakthroughsofarthiscentury.Butwhatarestemcells?Asweknowmostcellsinourbodiesaredesigned―forexamplealivercelldevelopstoworkintheliverandcannotbecomeaheartcell.Butstemcellsaredifferent.Theyareveryyoungandinthelaboratoryscientistscangrowthemintodifferenttypesofcell.ClaudiaCastilloneededanewwindpipe气管aftergettingaseriousdisease.ScientistsfromtheUniversityofBristoltookadonorwindpipefromsomeonewhohadrecentlydied.Theyusedstrongchemicalstoremovethedonor’scellsleavingatissuescaffold组织支架.ThiswasrefilledwithcellsfromMsCastillo’swindpipeandstemcellsfromherbone.AfterfourdaysthecellshadgrownsufficientlyforthewindpipetobetransplantedintoMsCastillo.Currentlytransplantpatientshavetotakedrugsfortherestoftheirlivestopreventtheirbodiesrejectingtheneworgans.Thesedrugscanhavebadside-effectsanddonotalwayspreventrejection.ButbyusingMsCastillo’sowncellsdoctorswereabletotrickherbodyintothinkingthenewwindpipewasherownorgan.FivemonthsonClaudiaCastilloisinperfecthealth.Thisground-breakingprocedurecouldbeusedinothertransplantoperationsinthefuture.ScientistsalsobelievestemcellsmightbeusedtotreatParkinson'sdiseaseheartdiseasestrokearthritisburnsandsoon..Howeverstemcellresearchisextremelycontroversial.Themosteffectivestemcellsdonotcomefromadultsbutfromembryos胚胎createdinlaboratorieswhicharejustafewdaysold.Manypeoplehavereligiousorethicalobjectionstogrowingembryoseveniftheycanbeusedtocurediseases.76.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?Pleaseanswerwithin8words____________________________________________________________________________77.FillintheblankinParagraph2withproperwords.Pleaseanswerwithin8words____________________________________________________________________________78.Whichsentenceinthetextistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?HoweverMsCastillo’sbodymistookthenewwindpipeforherownbecausedoctorsputherowncellsinit.____________________________________________________________________________79.Whatdoyouthinkofthestemcelltransplant?Why?Pleaseanswerwithin30words____________________________________________________________________________80.TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4intoChinesE.____________________________________________________________________________

06·上海B.篇Nervoussuspects嫌疑犯lockedupinBritain’snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowColouronthedoor.IftheyareclosetoconfessingacrimetheblueonthewallmighttipthebalancE.GwentPolicehaveabandonedcolourssuchasgreysandbrownsofthe20th-centurypolicecell牢房andhaveusedcolourpsychologytodecoratethem.YstradMynachstationwhichrecentlyopenedatacostof￡5millionhasfourcellswithglassdoorsforprisonerswhosufferfromclaustrophobia幽闭__症Designershavepaintedtheframesyellowwhichresearcherssayisacalmingcolour.Othercellscontainaroyalbluelinebecausepsychologistsbelievethatthecolourislikelytoencouragetruthfulness.Thestationhas31cellsincluding12withalivescansystemfordrunkenordisturbedprisonerswhichdetectstheriseandfalloftheirchest.Analarmalertsofficersifaprisoner’sbreathingstopsandcarriesonringinguntilthedoorisopeneD.Designersandpsychologistshaveworkedforyearsoncolour.Blueissaidtosuggesttrustefficiencydutylogiccoolnessthinkingandcalm.Italsosuggestscoldnessandunfriendliness.Itisthoughtthatstrongblueswillstimulateclearthoughtandlightersoftcolourswillcalmthemindandaidconcentration.Yellowislinkedwithconfidenceself-respectandfriendlinessGetthecolourwronganditcouldcausefeardepressionandanxietybuttherightyellowcanliftspiritsandself-respect.IngridCollinsapsychologistwhospecializesintheeffectsofcoloursaidthatcolourwasanenergyforceShesaid:BluedoesenhancecommunicationbutIamnotsureitwouldenhancetruthfulcommunication.YellowshesaidaffectedtheminD.RedontheotherhandshouldneverbeconsideredbecauseitcouldincreaseaggressionMrsCollinspraisedthedesignersforusingcoloursinthecellsGwentisnotthefirstBritishforcetoexperimentwithcolourtocalmdownorpersuadeprisonerstoco-operateInthe1990sStrathclydePoliceusedpinkincellsbasedonresearchcarriedoutbytheUSNavy.69.Theexpressiontipthebalanceinparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalanceB.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimesC.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourtD.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours70.WhichofthefollowingcoloursshouldNOTbeusedincellsaccordingtomepassage?A.Pink.B.YellowC.BluE.D.ReD.71.Whichofthefollowinghelpsalertofficersifsomeonestopsbreathing?A.Scanningequipment.B.Royalbluelines.C.Glassdoors.D.Yellowframes.72.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.A.therelationshipbetweencoloursandpsychologyB.acomparisonofdifferentfunctionsofcoloursC.theuseofcoloursincellstoaffectcriminals’psychologyD.scientificwaystohelpcriminalsreformthemselvesinprison

09·辽宁C.篇AvolcaniceruptioninIcelandhassentashacrossnorthernEuropE.AirlineshavestoppedorchangedtheflightsacrosstheAtlanticOceanleavinghundredsofpassengersstuckinairports.GrirmsvomisoneofthelargestandmostactivevolcanoesinEuropE.WhatmakesGrimsvomdifferentisthatitliesunderahugeglacier冰川oficeupto12matersthick.Thehotvolcanoheatsuptheiceaboveitwhichthenformsalayer层ofwaterbetweentheglacierandthevolcanoThislayerofwaterputspressureonthevolcanokeepingitstableAsthewaterflowsoutfromundertheglacierthepressurelifts.Thelava岩浆fromthevolcanothencomesuptothesurfacE.Thisisexactlywhathappenedtoday.Nowairlineshavetomakechangestotheirflightssoasnottoflythroughthecloudsofvolcanicash.AccordingtoKLM.oneofEurope’sbiggestairlinesairplanescannotgounderthecloudoroverit.Goingthroughthecloudcanresultinashgettingstuckintheairplane’senginescausingdamagetotheplanE.TheeruptionhasalsocausedproblemsforanimalsinIcelanD.Thevolcanoleftashandsharp.Glass-likerocksalloverthecountrysidE.Farmersarekeepingtheiranimalsinsidetostopthemfromeatingash-coveredgrasstothesharpobject.64.WhatmakesGrimsvomdifferentfromothervolcanoes?A.ItisbelowicE.B.ItliesundertheseaC.ItisthelargestvolcanoD.Itislavaaffectstheairlines65.WhatkeepsGrimsvotnstill?A.TheslowflowofwaterB.ThelowwatertemperatureC.ThethickglacierD.Thewaterpressure66.Whichofthefollowingistheresultofthevolcaniceruption?A.PeoplestoptravelinginEuropeB.AirlinessufferfromthelossofplanesC.ItbecomesdangerousforanimalstoeatoutsideD.Farmershavelostmanyoftheiranimals67.Thistextismostprobablytakenfrom_A.aresearchpaperB.anewspaperreportC.aclasspresentationD.ageographytextbook.

Formostofhistoryscientistsandmankindingeneralconsideredplantstobepassiveorganismsjustwithnoreasonormeansofcommunicatingwithoneanother.Butnewresearchhasrevealedthatmanyplantsactually‘chat’quiteabitovertheirownnetworkswhichmayalsoindicatethatyourauntisn’tquiteascrazyasyouthought.Youknowtheonethattalkstoherpetunias矮牵牛花andexpectsananswer.Infactmanyplantsforminternal内部的communicationnetworksandareabletoexchangeinformationefficiently.Theseconnectionsenabletheplantstoshareinformationviainternalchannelsinamannerverysimilartocomputernetworks.Sowhatkindofthingsdoplantstelleachother?ResearcherJosefStueferfoundthatonepurposeforplantshavingtheirownchatsystemsistowarneachother.Heandhiscolleagueswerethefirsttoprovethatclover三叶草plantsdoindeedwarneachotherviathesenetworklinksifenemiesarenearby.Forexampleifoneoftheplantsisattackedbycaterpillars毛虫itwillwarntheothermembersofthenetworkviaaninternalsignal.Afterreceivingawarningtheotherplantswillstrengthentheirprotectivechemicalandmechanicalresistancesothattheyarelessattractivetoadvancingcaterpillars.Thisearlywarningsystemallowstheplantstostayonestepaheadoftheirenemies.Experimentalresearchhasrevealedthatthiscommunicationsignificantlylimitsthedamagetotheplants.ItisalsoknownthatplantshavefamilyvalueswithnewresearchrevealingtheyhavetheabilitytorecognizecloserelativesinordertohelpeachothersurvivE.Researchfoundplantsfromthesamespeciesofbeach-dwellingwildflowersforexamplegrewaggressively侵略地alongsideunrelatedneighborsbutwerelesscompetitivewhentheysharedsoilwiththeirsiblings.Someresearchersthinkthatplantsmustcommunicatethroughtheirrootsidentifyingthemselvesusingtinychemicalsignaturesspecifictoeachplant’sfamily.Theresearchshowsthatourcurrentconceptofplantsisprobablyapoorreflectionofreality.Scientistsareeagertodiscoverinwhatwaysandtowhatextentplantscommunicatewitheachother.64.Yourauntismentionedinthefirstparagraphtoindicatethat______.A.plantsareveryimportanttopeopleB.plantshavetheabilitytocommunicateC.peoplecancommunicatewithplantsD.plantsareconsideredtobepassiveorganisms665.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatcloverplantsthatreceiveawarningprotectthemselvesagainstenemies______.A.byfightingenemiestogetherB.byhidingthemselvesfromenemiesC.byattackingenemieswithchemicalsD.bymakingthemselvestasteunpleasant66.TheunderlinedwordsiblingsinParagraph4refersto______.A.unrelatedneighborsB.familyvaluesC.closerelativesD.wildflowers67.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Manyplantsareconnectedbyinternalchannels.B.Differentplantsformacommunicationnetwork.C.PlantstendtolookforinformationtheyneeD.D.Allplantsshareinformationwitheachother.68.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe______.A.ExistenceintheGreenKingdomB.CompetitionintheGreenKingdomC.CommunicationwithGreenPlantsD.CommunicationoftheGreenKingdom

Letusbeginbysayingwhatcausesourdreams.OurdreamsdonotcomefromanotherworlD.Theyarenotmessagesfromsomeoutsidesource.Theyarenotalookintothefutureeither.Allourdreamshavesomethingtodowithourfeelingsfearslongingswishesneedsandmemories.IfapersonishungryortiredorcoldhisdreamsmayincludeafeelingofthiskinD.Ifthecoversonyourbodysuchasaquiltorablankethaveslippedoffyourbedyoumaydreamthatyouaresleepingoniceorinsnow.Thematerialforthedreamyouwillhavetonightislikelytocomefromtheexperienceyouhavetoday.SothesubjectofyourdreamusuallycomesfromsomethingthathaseffectonyouwhileyouaresleepingfeelingofcoldanoiseadiscomfortetC.anditmayalsouseyourpastexperiencesandthewishesandtheinterestsyouhavenow.Thisiswhychildrenarelikelytodreamoffairiesolderchildrenofschoolexaminationshungrypeopleoffoodhome-sicksoldiersoftheirfamiliesandprisonersoffreedom.Toshowyouhowthisishappeningwhileyouareasleepandhowyourneedsandwishescanallbejoinedtogetherinadreamhereisthestoryoftheexperiment.A.manwasasleepandthebackofhishandwasrubbedwithapieceofsoftcotton.Hewoulddreamhewasinhospitalandhischarminggirlfriendwasvisitinghimsittingonthebedandfeelinggentlyhishands!Therearesomescientistswhohavemadeaspecialstudyofwhywedreamwhatwedreamandwhatthosedreamsmean.Theirexplanationofdreamsthoughabitreasonableisnotacceptedbyeveryonebutitoffersaninterestingapproachtotheproblem.TheybelievethatdreamsaremostlyexpressionsofwishesthatdidnotcometruE.Inotherwordsdreamingisawayofhavingyourwishescarriedout.46.Fromthepassageweknowthatourdreams.A.areimaginationofourdailylifeB.areman’scuriouslookintothefutureC.havenothingtodowithourfeelingsD.aretosomedegreeconnectedwithourfeelings47.Inyourdreamwhenyoufeellikeeatingsomethingitindicates暗示that.A.youareinastateofbeingcoldB.youareinastateofbeingtiredC.youareinastateofhungerD.youshouldhavehadyourdinnerthatday48.Olderchildrenoftendreamofexaminationsprobablybecause.A.theyareinterestedinexamsB.theyareoftenworriedabouttheirstudiesC.theyhopeforbetterlifeD.theyshowmuchinterestintheirstudies49.Somescientists’explanationofdreams.A.isnotwidelyacceptedthoughabitreasonableB.givesanexactdescriptionofourlifeC.providesuswithinformationofdreamsD.isofnouseforus

10·山东D.篇Batteriescanpoweranythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaystomakethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerfulproblemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavierthanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouriMUresearchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethatissmallerlighterandmoreefficient.Toprovideenoughpowerweneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity密度saidJaeKwonassistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU.Theradioisotope放射性同位素batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbatterypresentlythesizeandthicknessofapennyintendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystemsM/NEMS.AlthoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcernsKwonsaidtheyaresafE.Peopleheartheword‘nuclear’andthinkofsomethingverydangeroushesaidHowevernuclearpowersourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevicessuchaspace-makersspacesatellitesandunderwatersystems.Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery’ssizebutalsoinitssemiconductor半导体.Kwon’sbatteryusesaliquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergypartoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure晶体结构ofthesolidsemiconductorKwonsaidByusingaliquidsemiconductorwebelievewecanminimizethatproblem.TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertsonchemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactorKwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuturetheyhopetoincreasethebattery’spowershrinkitssizeandtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.71.WhichofthefollowingistrueofJaeKwon?A.HeteacheschemistryatMU.B.Hedevelopedachemicalbattery.C.HeisworkingonanuclearenergysourcE.D.Hemadeabreakthroughincomputerengineering.72.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4_________.A.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplieD.B.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyuseD.C.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem.D.tointroducevariousenergysources.73.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto_________.A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.testthepowerofnuclearbatteries.C.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteriesD.reducethedamagetolatticestructurE.74.AccordingtoJaeKwonhisnuclearbattery_______.A.usesasolidsemiconductorB.willsoonreplacethepresentones.C.couldbeextremelythinD.haspassedthefinaltest.75.Thetextismostprobablya________.A.sciencenewsreportB.bookreviewC.newspaperadD.sciencefictionstory

ItisnotalwayseasytounderstandinventionsandnewdevelopmentsinsciencE.Tounderstandfiberoptics光纤howeveryoucantryanexperiment.Putadroportwoofmilkintotheglassofwater.Turnoffthelights.Shinethelightfromyourflashlight手电筒throughthetopoftheglassatanangle角度ofabout45degrees.Putapieceofwhitepaperagainsttheglasswhenthebeam光束oflightisshining.Movethepapersoyoucanseewherethebeamiscomingoutoftheglass.Youshouldseeaspotoflight.Someofthelighthaspassedthroughthewaterandthroughtheglass.Youseeitonthepaper.Youalsoseeanotherbeamgoingdownintotheglass.Itisbeingreflecteddownintotheglass.Nextmovetheflashlightsothatthebeamiscomingstraighterdown30degreesintothewater.Youwillseethesamephenomenon:someofthelightisreflectedbackintotheglass.Andsomeescapesout.Nowmovethebeamoflightfromtheflashlightslowlyupuntilyoucannotseeanylightescaping.Thispointiscalledthepointoftotalinternalreflection.ThewordinternalmeansinsidE.Allthelightisstayinginsidetheglass.Thereisnobeamshowingabrightspotonthewhitepaper.Allthelightenergyisinsidetheglass.Theglassofmilkywaterislikeastrand线ofglass.A.fiberoptictubeisabundleoflongthinstrandsofglassreallymanytubes.Howevertheprinciple原理isthesame:atacertainangleallthelightenergythatgoesintotheglassfibercomesouttheotherenD.Lightisenergy.Soundisenergy.Radiowavesandelectricityarebothenergy.Theycanallbechangedintolightandaslighttheycanalltravelalongaglassfiber.Lighttravelsattherateof186000milesperseconD.Thereforeamessagecantravelthatfastinaglassfiber.Thisistheprincipleorlawofnaturethatmakesfiberopticswork.59.Whichfigureshowsthelaststepoftheexperiment?60.Thepurposeoftheexperimentistotellus.A.howfastlighttravelsB.howfiberopticsworksC.howlighttravelsinaglassofwaterD.howfiberopticshelpsmankind61.IntheexperimentmakesthebiggestdifferencE.A.theangelatwhichtoshinethelightfromtheflashlightB.theamountofwaterintheglassofmilkC.thenumberofdropsofmilktopourintotheglassofwaterD.thesizeoftheholethroughwhichtoshinelightfromtheflashlight62.Thelaststepistoprove.A.nobeamisshownonthewhitepaperB.nolightcanbenoticedinsidetheglassC.noreflectioncanbeseenD.noenergyiswasted63.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A.ExperimentofLightTravelB.PrinciplesofFiberOpticsC.CommunicationonFiberOpticsD.TheoryofLightTravel

08·天津C.篇MichaelFishmaysoonbereplacedasaweatherforecasterbysomethingtrulyfishier—theshark鲨鱼.ResearchbyaBritishbiologystudentsuggeststhatsharkscouldbeusedtopredictstorms.LaurenSmith24isclosetocompletingherstudyonshark’sabilitytosensepressurE.Ifherstudiesprovethetheoryscientistsmaybeabletomonitorthebehaviourofsharkstopredictbadweather.MissSmithhadpreviouslystudiedthebehaviouroflemonsharksintheBahamas.ShethenusedtheircloserelativeslesserspotteddogfishforfurtherresearchatAberdeenUniversity.Herwork—thoughttobethefirstofitskindtotestthepressuretheory—resultedfromtheobservationthatjuvenileblacktipsharksoffFloridamovedintodeeperwateraheadofaviolentstormin2001.MissSmithsaid:I’vealwaysbeencrazyabouttravelinganddivingandthisledmetoaninterestinsharks.IwasdelightedtohavebeenabletoresearchintheareaformydegreE.Iknowthere’ssomuchmoreweneedtounderstand—butitcertainlyopensthewaytomoreresearch.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatasharksensespressureusinghaircellsinitsbalancesystem.AttheBiminiSharkLabintheBahamasMissSmithfixedhi-techsensorstosharkstorecordpressureandtemperaturewhilealsotrackingthemusingGPSGlobalPositioningSystemtechnology.InAberdeenshewasabletostudytheeffectsoftidal潮汐的andtemperaturechangesondogfish—noneofwhichwereharmeD.Shealsousedaspeciallabwhichcanmimic模拟oceanicpressurechangescausedbyweatherfronts.Sheisduetocompleteherstudyandgraduatelaterthisyear.Shesaysshewillbelookingforajobwhichwillgiveherthechancetoenrichherexperienceofsharkresearch.44.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom_____.A.ashort-storycollectionB.apopularsciencemagazineC.aresearchpaperD.apersonaldiary45.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstfourparagraphsofthepassage?A.Sharksmaybeusedtopredictbadweather.B.Sharks’behaviourcanbecontrolleD.C.MichaelFishisnotqualifiedforhisjoB.D.LaurenSmithwillbecomeaweatherforecaster.46.LaurenSmithconductedherresearchby_______.A.removinghaircellsfromashark’sbalancesystemB.measuringtheairpressureofweatherfrontsC.recordingsharks’bodytemperatureD.monitoringsharks’reactiontoweatherchanges47.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.A.popularwayofforecastingweather.B.A.newresearcheffortinpredictingstorms.C.Biologists’interestinthesecretsofsharks.D.LaurenSmith’sdevotiontoscientificresearch.

08·辽宁D.篇FarfromthelandofAntarctica南极洲ahugeshelfoficemeetstheocean.AttheundersideoftheshelftherelivesasmallfishtheAntarcticcoD.Forfortyyearsscientistshavebeencuriousaboutthatfish.Howdoesitlivewheremostfishwouldfreezetodeath?Itmusthavesomesecrets.TheAntarcticisnotacomfortableplacetoworkandresearchhasbeenslow.Nowitseemswehaveananswer.Researchwasbegunbycuttingholesintheiceandcatchingthefish.Scientistsstudiedthefish’sbloodandmeasureditsfreezingpoint.Thefishweretakenfromseawaterthathadatemperatureof-1.88℃andmanytinypiecesoficefloatinginit.Thebloodofthefishdidnotbegintofreezeuntilitstemperaturewasloweredto-2.05℃.Thatsmalldifferenceisenoughforthefishtoliveatthefreezingtemperatureoftheice-saltmixturE.Thescientists’nextresearchjobwasclear:Findoutwhatinthefish’sbloodkeptitfromfreezing.Theirsearchledtosomereallystrangethingsmadeupofaprotein蛋白质neverbeforeseeninthebloodofafish.WhenitwasremovedthebloodfrozeatseawatertemperaturE.Whenitwasputbackthebloodagainhaditsantifreezequalityandaloweredfreezingpoint.Studyshowedthatitisanunusualkindofprotein.Ithasmanysmallsugarmolecules分子heldinspecialpositionswithineachbigproteinmoleculE.Becauseofitssugarcontentitiscalledaglycoprotein.SoithascometobecalledtheantifreezefishglycoproteinorAFGP.68.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.TheterribleconditionsintheAntarctiC.B.A.specialfishlivinginfreezingwaters.C.TheiceshelfaroundAntarcticA.D.ProtectionoftheAntarcticcoD.69.WhycantheAntarcticcodliveatthefreezingtemperature?A.Theseawaterhasatemperatureof-1.88℃.B.Itlovestoliveintheice-saltmixturE.C.A.specialproteinkeepsitfromfreezing.D.Itsbloodhasatemperaturelowerthan-2.05℃.70.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph5referto?A.A.typeofice-saltmixturE.B.A.newlyfoundprotein.C.FishblooD.D.SugarmoleculE.71.Whatdoesglyco-intheunderlinedwordglycoproteininthelastparagraphmean?A.Sugar.B.IcE.C.BlooD.D.MoleculE.

ScientistsbelievethatconditionsonMarsaround3.8billionyearsagowereverysimilartothoseoftheearlyearthwhenprimitiveorganismswerespreadingthroughouroceans.AtthattimeMarswouldhavebeenmuchwarmerandwetterthanitistodaywithanatmospherecomposedmainlyofcarbondioxidejustlikethatoftheearthatthetimE.UndertheseconditionsitishighlyprobablethatlifemayhavearisenonMarsaswell.ButeveniflifedidnotarisenaturallyonMarsitdoesnotmeanthatitcouldnothaveexistedtherE.AccordingtoProfessorPaulDaviesoftheUniversityofAdelaideAustralialifeformscouldhavebeentransferredbetweentheearthandMarsinwreckagebrokepiecescreatedbytheimpactofcomet彗星andsmallplanetsonthesurfaceofthetwoplanets.Eventodayabout500tonsofmaterialfromMarslandsoneartheveryyear.Itismainlyintheformofthedustbutoccasionallyalargerchunk厚片大块strikestheearth.In1911apieceofMartianrockcrashedinEgyptkillingadog.AccordingtoprofessorDaviesitisinthesechunksofrockwhichweremuchlargerandmorefrequentinthepastthatlifeformscouldhavebeentransportedfromplanettoplanet.Buthowcouldtheselifeformshavesurvivedtheirjourneythroughspace?SaysPaulDaviesThedifficultyinbelievingthistheoryisthatabacteriumonitsowninspacehastostruggleitselfnotonlyagainstcoldbutalsoagainstdeadlycosmic宇宙的radiation.Butwrappedinarockthesituationisdifferent.A.rocktenmetersacrosswouldshieldlifeinsideitfromalotofradiationandthetemperaturemightonlybeminus10or20degreesthesortofthingwehaveonearth.73.Wheredosomescientistssupposelifeprobablycomefrom?回答不超过6个单词74.WhatdoesProfessorPaulDaviesbelieve?回答不超过6个单词75.Whycouldlifesurvivewhentransferredfromoneplanettoanother?回答不超过12个单词

07·福建E.篇Dogswag摇摆theirtailsindifferentdirectionsdependingonwhethertheyareexcitedandwantingtomoveforwardorthreatenedandthinkingofmovingbackastudyhasfounD.ResearchersinItalyexaminedthetailwaggingbehaviourof30dogscatchingtheirresponsestoarangeofstimuli刺激物withvideocamems.Toconductthestudytheychose15maledogsand15femaleonesagedbetweenoneandsixyears.ThedogswereallfamilypetswhoseownershadallowedthemtotakepartintheexperimentatBariUmversity.Thedogswereplacedinalargewoodenboxwithanopeningatthefronttoallowforthemtoviewvariousstimuli.TheyweretestedoneatatimE.TheresearchersledbyProfessorGiorgioVallortigaraoftheUniversityofTriestefoundthatwhenthedogswereshowntheirowners—apositiveexpenence—theirtailswaggedenergeticallytotherightsidE.Whentheywereshownanunfamiliarhumantheywaggedtotherightbutwithsomewhatlessenthusiasm.Theappearsofacatagaincausedaright-handsidewagalthoughwithlessintensityagain.TheappearanceofalargeunfamiliardogsimilartoaGermanshepherdchangedthedirectionoftailwaggingtotheleft.Researcherssupposedthedogwasthinkingofmovingback.Whenthedogswerenotshownanystimulitheytendedtowagtheirtailstotheleftsuggestingtheypreferredcompany.Whilethechangesinthetailwaggingwerenoteasilynoticedwithouttheaidofvideoitwasthoughtthatthefindingscouldhelppeoplejudgethemood心情ofdogs.Computerandvideosystemsforexamplecouldbeusedbyprofessionaldogtrainerstodeterminethemoodofdogsthattheywererequiredtoapproach.71.Thevideocameraswereusedtocatchthedogs’responsesbecause.A.itwaseasiertocatchthedogs’responsechangesinthetailwaggingB.thedogswereputinthewoodenboxesandtestedoneatatimE.C.theyenabledthedogs’ownerstoknowabouttheirdogs’habitD.thedogswaggedtheirtailsindifferentdirectionswhentheywereindifferentmoods72.Theunderlinedwordintensityinthepassagemeans.A.surpriseB.worryC.excitementD.interest73.Whentherearenostimuliadogwill.A.wagtotheleftB.wagtotherightC.notwagatallD.wagtotheleftandthentotheright74.Theunderlinedwordtheyrefersto.A.thedogsB.thetrainersC.thesystemsD.therescarchers75.Thepurposeofdoingtheexperimentis.A.totraindogsfortheirownersB.tohelppeoplejudgethemoodofdogsC.tohelpdogsfindcompanyD.tohelppeoplechoosetheirpetdogs

Thehumanbraincontainstenthousandmillioncellsandeachofthesemayhaveathousandconnections.Suchenormousnumbersusedtodiscourageusandcauseustodismissthepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman－likeabilitybutnowthatwehavegrownusedtomovingforwardatsuchapacewecanbelesssurE.Quitesooninonly10or20yearsperhapswewillbeabletoassemble装配amachineascomplexasthehumanbrainandifwecanwewill.Itmaythentakeusalongtimetorender致使itintelligentbyloadingintherightsoftwareorbyaltering改变thearchitecturebutthattwowillhappen.Ithinkitiscertainthatindecadesnotcenturiesmachinesofsiliconwillarisefirsttorival媲美andthenexceedtheirhumanancestors.Oncetheyexceedustheywillbecapableoftheirowndesign.Inarealsensetheywillbeabletoreproducethemselves.Siliconwillhaveendedcarbon'slongcontrol.AndwewillnolongerbeabletoclaimourselvestobethefinestintelligenceintheknownuniversE.Astheintelligenceofrobotsincreasedtomatchthatofhumansandastheircostdeclinesthrougheconomiesofscale规模经济wemayusethemtoexpandourfrontiersfirstonearththroughtheirabilitytowithstandenvironmentsharmfultoourselves.ThusdesertsmaybloomandtheoceanbedsbemineD.Furtheraheadbyacombinationofthegreatwealththisnewagewillbringandthetechnologyitwillprovidetheconstructionofavastman－createdworldinspacehometothousandsofmillionsofpeoplewillbewithinourpower.68.Inwhatwaycanwemakeamachineintelligent?A.BymakingitworkinsuchenvironmentsasdesertsoceansorspaceB.Byworkinghardfor10or20yearsC.ByeitherprogrammingitorchangingitsstructureD.Byreproducingit69.Thewordcarbonstandsfor.A.intelligentrobotsB.achemicalelementC.anorganicsubstanceD.humanbeings70.Arobotcanbeusedtoexpandourfrontierswhen.A.itsintelligenceandcostarebeyondquestionB.itisabletobeartheroughenvironmentC.itismadeascomplexasthehumanbrainD.itsarchitectureisdifferentfromthatofthepresentones71.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.A.aftertheinstallationofagreatnumberofcellsandconnectionsrobotswillbecapableofself-reproductionB.withtherapiddevelopmentoftechnologypeoplehavecometorealizethepossibilityofmakingamachinewithhuman-likeabilityC.oncewemakeamachineascomplexasthehumanbrainitwillpossessintelligencE.D.robotswillhavecontrolofthevastman-madeworldinspace

Egyptianresearchersbelievetheyhaverecognizedthemummy木乃伊ofHatshepsutthemostfamousqueentoruleancientEgyptfoundinanaveragetombinEgypt’sValleyoftheKings.Researcherssaidthemummywasoneoftwofemalesfoundin1903inasmalltombbelievedtobethatofHatshepsut’snurseSitreIn.Infacttherehasbeentheideaovertheyearsthatoneofthemummiesmaybethatofthequeenwhoruledfrombetween1503and1482BCattheheightofancientEgypt’spower.Thedecisivetruth-tellingfactwasatoothinawoodenboxmarkedwiththequeen’snameHawasssaiD.Theboxwasfoundin1881inahidingplaceofroyalmummiescollectedandhiddenawayattheDeiral-Baharitempleabout1000metresawayfromthetomB.CheckingallthemummieswhichmightbeHatshepsut’sYehyaZakariyaamedicineprofessorfoundthatthetoothwasaperfectfitinaholeintheupperjawofoneofthetwofemalesafatwomanbelievedtohavesufferedfromcanceranddiabetes.TherecognitionofthetoothwiththejawcanshowthisisHatshepsutHawasssaiD.Atoothislikeafingerprint.AnotherresearcherElizabethThomasspeculatedmanyyearsagothatoneofthemummieswasHatshepsut’sbecausehowtherightarmwasputoverthewoman’schestsuggestedroyalty.Itwasguessedthatthemummymighthavebeenhiddeninthetombforsafekeepingbecauseherstepsonandsuccessor继任者TuthmosisIIItriedtowipeouthermemory.Hatshepsutstolethepowerfromheryoungstepson.Afterherdeathrecordsweredestroyedandherbodywasdugout.41.AccordingtothepassageHatshepsut______.A.wastheonlyqueeneverrulingEgyptB.diedofcanceranddiabetesC.livedbetween1503and1482BCD.wasburiedtogetherwithhernurse42.Whentheyfoundtheboxpeopleknew______.A.whereHatshepsutwasburiedB.whyHatshepsut’sbodywaslostC.thetoothwasHatshepsut’sD.Hatshepsut’stombwasaverage43.WhatisthekeytotherecognitionofHatshepsut’smummy?A.Thetooth.B.Thefingerprint.C.Hatshepsut’snamE.D.SitreInhernursE.44.WhichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedwordspeculatedinParagraph5?A.admittedB.guessedC.provedD.doubted45.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.YehyarecognizedthefatwomanasHatshepsut.B.ElizabethfoundHatshepsut’smummyfirst.C.HatshepsutmusthadbeenkilledbyTuthmosisIII.D.Hatshepsut’sdeathmayhadbeenamystery.

10·安徽B.篇Haveyoueverwondered?1.Whydoairplanestakelongertoflywestthaneast?Itcantakefivehourstogowest-eastfromNewYorkNYtoLondonbursevenhourstotraveleast-westfromLondontoNY.Thereasonforthedifferenceisanatmosphericphenomenonknownasthejet喷射stream.ThejetstreamisaveryhighaltitudewindwhichalwaysblowsfromthewesttotheeastacrosstheAtlantiC.Theplanesmovingataconstantairspeedthusgofasterinthewest-eastdirectionwhentheyaremovingwiththewindthanintheoppositedirection.2.WhatwouldhappenifthegravityonEarthwassuddenlyturnedoff?Supposingwecouldmagicallyturnoffgravity.Wouldbuildingsandotherstructures建筑物floataway?WhathappenedwoulddependonhowstronglythethingswereattachedtotheEarth.TheEarthismovingatquiteaspeedmovingatoverathousandmilesperhours.Ifyouturnsomethingaroundyourheadonastring细绳itgoesaroundinacircleuntilyouletgoofthestring.ThenitfliesoffinastraightlinE.‘Switchingoff’gravitywouldbelikelettinggoofthestring.ThingsnotattachedtotheEarthwouldflyoffinastraightlinE.Peopleinbuildingswouldsuddenlyshootupwardsatagreatspeeduntiltheyhittheceiling.MostthingsoutsidewouldflyoffintospacE.60.Whatinformationcanwegetfromthefirstpassage?A.ItisjetstreamthataffectshowfastairplanesflyB.PlanesgoslowerwhentheyaremovingwiththewindC.IttakesmoretimetoflyfromNYtoLondonthanfromLondontoNYD.TheyetstreamalwaysblowsfromtheeasttothewestacrosstheAtlantic61.Thewordshootunderlineinthe2ndpassageprobablymeansA.sendforB.movequicklyC.comeoutD.grrowquickly62.Itcanbeinferredthatwithoutgravity.A.buildingsandotherstructureswouldfloatawayB.treesandbuildingswouldnoteasilyflyoffC.somethingaroundyourheadwouldnotflyawayD.everythingoutsidebuildingswouldflyoffintospace63.WherecanwemostprobablyreadinthetextA.InareseachpaperB.InashortstoryC.InatravelmagazineD.Inastudent’sbook

LearningEnglishisagreatchallengebutwithalittlehelpfromtechnolo-gyitcanbeaseasyasapieceofcakE.AswellastheclassroomteachersandtextbookstheInternetTVandradioprogrammescanplayanactiveroleinhelpinglearnEnglish.TheInternetisfullofrichandup-to-dateinformation.Englishlearnersmightwishtotryhttp://www.in2english.com.cn./Thiswebsiteisco-establishedbytheBritishCounciltheBBCWorldServ-iceandCentralRadioandTVUniversity.ItprovidesculturalinformationaboutBritainandhasanexampleoftheIELTSInternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystemthatstudentscanuseforpracticE.DifferentlevelsofgrammartestscanalsobefounD.MakefriendsonlineAnotherusefulwebsiteformiddleschoolstudentsandteachersiswww.21sE.com.cn.Besidesreading21stCenturySchoolEditiononlinestudentsarealsoinvitedtoputtheirviewsondifferenttopicsuponthewebsitE.Usershavetheopportunitytomakefriendswithpeoplewhosharetheirinterests.Intheteachingandlearningsectiontherearereadingandvocabularytipsforstudents.ComparedwiththeInternetTVprogrammeshavetheirownadvantages:onedoesnothavetositatacomputerandtheaudioandvisualeffectscanevenberelaxing.OnepopularEnglish-learningprogramiscalledModernEnglish.ThisfocusesonoralEnglishinpracticalsituationssuchastakingphotosandshopping.TheshortdialoguesandusefulphrasesmayhelpstudentstoexpressthemselvesiftheygoabroadormeetforeignersinChina.Morethan50TVstationsinabout300citieshaveairedtheprogram.WordtoWorldIfyouwatchBeijingTelevisionChannel8youmightseeaprogramtitledStudyAbroad.OnthisshowProfessorWangQiangfromNewOrientalSchoolhostsFromWordtoWorld.HeselectswordswithdeepculturalbackgroundandteachesusefulphrasesrelatedtothatworD.CartoonsarealsousedtoexplainhowtousethewordindailylifE.ListeningtotheradiomaynotbeanewwaytolearnEnglishbutitiseasy.ChinaRadioInternationalairsaprogramcalledStudioClassroomat6:30A.m.everyday.This25-minuteprogramisaimedatmiddleschoolstudentsandcoverssubjectsfromcurrentnewstotravelandhistoryallinsimplelanguagE.71.Thispassage______.A.introducessomenewwebsitesandTVandradioprogrammesB.focusesonadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdifferentmediumformsC.recommendstechnologicalhelpinlearningEnglishD.aimsatadvertisingvariousEnglishcourses72.IfyouwanttoreadanEnglishnewspaperandmakecommentsondifferenttopicsyoutry_____.A.www.in2english.com.cn.B.www.21sE.com.cn.C.ModernEnglishD.StudioClassroom73.OnecanpractiseoralEnglishineverydaysituationsin_____.A.StudioClassroomB.FromWordtoWorldC.StudyAbroadD.ModernEnglish74.AccordingtotheauthoronesuperiorityofTVprogrammesovertheInternetisthatthey____.A.offermoreEnglishlearningresourcesB.costyounothingC.havebetteraudioandvisualeffectsD.haveEnglishcoursesavailablewheneveryouneedthem75.TheauthorwantsthereaderstoknowthatlearningEnglish______.A.isdifficultB.iseasyC.isneithereasynordifficultD.canbemademucheasierwithalittlehelpofmoderntechnology

08·江苏B.篇WeexperiencedifferentformsoftheSun’senergyeveryday.Wecanseeitslightandfeelitswarmth.TheSunisthemajorsourceofenergyforourplanet.Itcausestheevaporation蒸发ofwaterfromtheoceansandlakes.SunlightalsoprovidestheenergyusedbygreenplantstomaketheirownfooD.Thesegreenplantsthenprovidefoodforallorganisms生物ontheEarth.MuchoftheenergythatcomesfromtheSunneverreachestheEarth’ssurfacE.ItiseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmospherE.Oftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarth’ssurfacE.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanetcauseswatertoevaporateandprovidesenergyforthewatercycleandweather.Onlyatinypartapproximately0.023%isactuallyusedbygreenplantstoproducefooD.ManygasesfoundintheatmosphereactuallyreflectheatenergyescapingfromtheEarth’ssurfacebacktotheEarth.ThesegasesactliketheglassofagreenhouseinthattheyallowenergyfromtheSuntoenterbutpreventenergyfromleaving.Theyarethereforecalledgreenhousegases.WhensunlightstrikesanobjectsomeoftheenergyisabsorbedandsomeisreflecteD.TheamountreflecteddependsonthesurfacE.Forexampleyou’veprobablynoticedhowbrightsnowiswhensunlightfallsonit.SnowreflectsmostoftheenergyfromtheSunsoitcontributestothelowtemperaturesofwinter.Dark-colouredsurfacessuchasdarksoilorforestabsorbmoreenergyandhelpwarmthesurroundingair.59.AccordingtothepassagetherootcauseforweatherchangesontheEarthis.A.theatmospheresurroundingtheEarthB.waterfromoceansandlakesC.energyfromtheSunD.greenhousegasesinthesky60.OnlyasmallpartoftheSun’senergyreachestheEarth’ssurfacebecausemostofitis.A.absorbedbythecloudsintheloweratmosphereB.reflectedbythegasesintheupperatmosphereC.lostintheupperandloweratmosphereD.usedtoevaporatewaterfromtheoceansandlakes61.Welearnfromthepassagethat.A.alllivingthingsontheEarthdependontheSunfortheirfoodB.aforestlooksdarkinwinterbecauseitabsorbssolarenergyC.only0.023%oftheenergyfromtheSunismadeuseofontheEarthD.greenhousegasesallowheatenergytoescapefromtheEarth’ssurface

08·江西A.篇Despitethefactthatithasneverbeenseenalmosteveryoneisfamiliarwiththelegendaryunicorn独角兽.Descriptionsofunicornshavebeenfounddatingfromancienttimes.ThegreatphilosopherAristotletheorizedthatthereweretwotypesofunicorn—theso-calledIndianAssandtheOryxakindofantelope.Unicornsareoftenusedinthelogoofanoblefamilytowncounciloruniversityastheirspecialsign.EvenScotlandisrepresentedbyaunicorn.Accordingtothelegendanyoneattemptingtocatchaunicornhadtobeextremelycautiousasithasareputationforbeingveryfierce.Aclevertricksuggestedbyunicorn-trappersinordertocatchthismagnificentbeastwithoutbeinghurtbyitshornwasforthehuntertostandinfrontofatreeandthentomovequicklybehinditastheunicorncharged.Hopefullythecreaturecouldthenbecapturedwhenitshornwasstuckinthetree.Whenhollowedoutandusedasadrinking-cuptheunicorn’shornwassaidtohavethepowertoofferprotectionagainstpoison.Itwasbelievedthatnobodycouldbeharmedbydrinkingthecontentsofaunicorn’shorn.RightupuntiltheFrenchRevolutionin1789theFrenchcourtwassaidtohaveusedcupsmadeofunicornhorninordertoprotecttheking.Inadditionthehornwassaidtohavemedicinalvaluesomuchsothatitcouldbesoldformorethantentimesthepriceofthesameweightofgold.Whatthenwasunicornhorn?Weknowattimestherhino犀牛wasconfusedwiththislegendarycreature.Adrinking-cupsupposedlymadeofunicornhornwasdiscoveredtobemadeofthehornofarhino.56.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoftheunicorn?A.ItwasnothistoricallyrecordeD.B.ItshornwasfirstusedinFrancE.C.ItwassimilartotheIndianAssandtheOryx.D.Itcouldbethesymbolofauniversity.57.Tocatchaunicorntheunicorn-trappershadtotryallofthefollowingEXCEPT____.A.temptingtheunicorntoattackB.makinguseofthetreeasaprotectionC.hidingquicklybehindtheunicornD.havingtheunicornhornstuckinthetree58.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout____.A.thepropertiesoftheunicornhornB.theusersoftheunicornhornC.thepriceoftheunicornhornD.thecomparisonbetweentheunicornhornandtherhinohorn59.Inthelastparagraphthewordunicornisinquotationmarks引号because_____.A.thecupisdesignedonlyforaroyalfamilyB.theunicorndoesnotexistinrealityC.theunicornistherarestanimalintheworldD.themedicinalvalueofthehornisappreciated

APlanForExploringMars火星探索计划NASAismovingaheadwithplanstoputalong-armedlanderonMars’icynorthpoletosearchforcluesforwaterandpossiblesignsoflifE.The$386millionPhoenixMarsisplannedtotouchdownintheMartianarcticin2008.ThestationaryprobewilluseitsroboticarmtodigintotheicylandandpickupsoilsamplestoanalyzE.In2002theMarsOdysseyorbiterspottedevidenceofice-richsoilnearthearcticsurfacE.ScientistshopethePhoenixmissionwillfindcluestothegeologichistoryofwaterontheRedPlanetanddeterminewhethermicrobesexistedintheicE.PhoenixwillbethefirstmissionoftheMarsScoutprogramarenewedlow-costefforttostudytheRedPlanet.ThePhoenixmissionexploresnewterritoryinthenorthernplainsofMarsanalogoustothepermafrostregionsonEarthPeterSmithsaiD.TruetoitsnamePhoenixrosefromtheashesofpreviousmissions.ThelanderforPhoenixwasbuilttoflyaspartofthe2001MarsSurveyorprogram.Buttheprogrambrokedownafterthewell-knowndisappearanceoftheMarsPolarLanderin1999.ThePolarLanderlostcontactduringalandingattemptneartheplanet’ssouthpoleafteritsrocketengineshutoffprematurelycausingthespacecrafttofallabout130feettoalmostcertaindestruction.ThePhoenixprobehadbeeninstorageataLockheedMartincleanroominDenverbeforeitwasreusedforitspresentmission.ItwillcarryscienceinstrumentsthatweredesignedfortheMarsSurveyorprogramincludinganimprovedpanoramiccameraandatrench-diggingroboticarm.PhoenixwillliftofffromtheKennedySpaceCenterinAugust2007andlandontheplanetninemonthslater.63.Thepassagemainlytellsreadersthat_________.A.cluesofwaterwillbefoundinPhoenixB.PhoenixwillbesenttofindcluesofwateronMarsC.August2007willseePhoenixliftoffD.theMarsScoutprogramwillbecarriedout64.Theunderlinedwordprematurelyparagraph5means_________.A.ontimeB.behindthetimeC.outofworkD.aheadoftime65.AccordingtothepassageweknowPhoenixwilllandonMars_________.A.inMay2008B.inAugust2007C.inAugust2008D.inSeptember200866.AccordingtothepassagethenamePhoenixisafterthemeaningof_________.A.rebirthB.deathC.energyD.hope67.AfterPhoenixlandsonMarswecaninferitwillfirstly_________.A.findsoilsamplesandsendthemtotheearthB.lookfortheicylandtodigforthesoilsamplesC.takephotosandsendthemtotheearthD.findtheremainsoftheMarsPolarLander

Doyouwanttoseetheeffectsofglobalwarming?Thenheadnorth.RecentstudiesindicatethattheNorthPolecouldbeunderwaterduringthesummerinlessthan10yearsinsteadofcoatedinthickseaicE.ButseeingtheArcticterrain地带upcloseisn’teasyunlessyou’rehandywithadogsleD.Stegerisgoingtotakeallofusthere.Steger64isagreatpolarexplorer.HewasthefirstpersontomakeadogsledtriptotheNorthPoleandisalsoadevotedenvironmentalistwhowasearlytoringthealarmbellonglobalwarming.Stegerisabouttoleadateamofsixyoungadventurersona1400-mile60-day-longdogsledtripacrossEllesmereIslandintheCanadianArctiC.Theseaiceinthatregionshouldstillbefrozen.WewanttotakeouraudiencetothefrontlinesofglobalwarmingsaysSteger.Theteamwillbeuploadingvideosstoriesandphotostothewebsiteglobalwarming101.comastheymarchalongallowingarmchairadventurersandkidsinclassroomstofollowtheirprogressdaytoday.Steger’steamwillincludesomealready-famousyoungexplorers.SamBranson22-yearoldisanexperiencedArctictraveler.Alsoonthejourneywillbe27-year-oldNorwegianSigridEkran.LastyearEkranbecomeonlythesecondwomaninhistorytowinRookie新秀oftheYearfortheIditarodSledDogRacE.Whattheywillseemaybesurprising.EvenStegerdoesn’tknowexactlywhattoexpect.ClimatechangehasalreadyreshapedthegeographyoftheArctiC.Withinadecadeorlessit’sgoingtobeimpossibletoreachtheNorthPolebydogteamwithoutflotation漂浮saysSteger.60.WecanlearnfromParagraph1that.A.climatechangehappensonlyinthefarnorthB.theeffectsofclimatechangeareobviousintheArcticterrainC.climatechangeisgoingtobethebiggestissuefacinghumanraceD.climatechangeistheresultofpollution61.Itcanbeinferredthattheaimofthedogsledtripisto.A.encourageyoungpeopletoexploretheArcticB.presenttheArcticterraintogeographyclassesC.studythecauseofclimatechangeinpolarregionD.raiseawarenessofthedamagethatclimatechangeiscausinginpolarregions62.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSteger’steamisTRUE?A.SamBransonamemberisskilledattravellingintheArctiC.B.Stegertheleaderisagreatenvironmentalexpert.C.EkranamemberisthesecondwomantohavereachedtheNorthPolE.D.AllthemembersareexperiencedArcticexplorers.63.WhydoesStegerNOTknowwhattheywillseeduringtheirtrip?A.Becauseitwillbethefirsttimeforhimtogothatfarnorth.B.Becausetheseaiceinthatregionshouldstillbefrozen.C.Becausethegeographytherehaschangedduetowarmertemperatures.D.BecausetheywillgotherebyboatinsteadofbysledgE.

Desertplantsfallintotwosortsaccordingtothewaytheydealwiththeproblemofsurvivingdrought.Therearethedrought―avoiders―thosewhichpersist存留onlyasseedsreadytospringupwhenitrainstoflowerquicklyandproduceanothercropofseedsandtodieagain.Therearealsothedrought―resisters―thosewhichhaveevolvedvariousmethodsforstrongwaterlocatingundergroundwaterorreducingtheirneedforwaterbysuchdevicesassheddingtheirleaves.Thedrought―resistersareperennials多年生植物theymanagetolivefromonerainyseasontoanotherslowlygrowingbiggerandbigger.Ofthesethesucculents肉质的isasmallbutinterestingfraction小部分.Theymaystorewaterintheirleavesintheirstemsorinundergroundcontainers.IntheAmericandesertsthebest―knownsucculentsarethecacti仙人掌.Theycomeinawiderangeofsizesfrom50―foottallgiantsaguaros树形仙人掌totinyroundcactiaboutthesizeofathumb―nail.Theytakethickcylindrical圆柱体的orevensphericalformstherebyexposingaminimumofevaporatingsurfacetotheairandlight.Theyareleaflessexceptinyouthandthentheleavesaresmall.Typicallytheirsurfacesarespinydiscouragingthirstyanimalsandchanneledlikeanaccordion手风琴sothefleshystemmayexpandquicklywhentheplantdrinksandcontractslowlyasitusesupthewater.Therootsystemiswidespreadandshallowwithgoodreason;onlyabout3percentoftherainthatfallsonthedesertpenetratestoanysignificantdepthintosoil.65.Thepassageclassifies将分类thedesertplantsaccordingto___.A.thewaystheytaketodealwiththetypicalclimaticconditionindesertB.theirshapeC.howtheyusewaterD.whentheyproducetheirseeds66.Accordingtothepassagesomedesertplantsdroptheirleaves___.A.becausethetemperatureistoohighB.sothattheplantscanevaporatelesswaterC.becausetheyaredroughtresistersD.sothattheplantscanstoremorewater67.Whatintereststheauthormostwhenheorshementionssucculentsisthat___.A.theytakethickcylindricalorevensphericalshapeB.theyarebest―knowninAmericaC.theyhavemanywaysofcontainingwaterD.someofthemcanbeverytiny68.Thepassagegivesusanimpressionthat___.A.thedesertplantsareshapedinawayasifthemweredesignedbysomebodyonpurposeB.morewaterisneededindesertsothatmoredesertplantscangrowthereC.morelandswillbeturnedintodesertifwedonottryhardertosavewaterinourdailylifeD.thecactiarethemostfamousdesertplantsinAmerica

AboutfivestatesinNigeriawillexperienceatotaleclipse日蚀ofthesunonMarch292006accordingtoaforecastbytheMinistryofScienceandTechnologythisweek.Aneclipseoccursinoneoftwoways:whenthemoonpassesbetweentheearthandthesunsothatallorpartofthesuncannotbeseenforatimeorwhentheearthpassesbetweenthemoonandthesunsothatyoucannotseeallorpartofthemoonforatimE.Thefirstcaseisasolareclipseoreclipseofthesunwhichoccursastheearthenterstheshadowofthemoon.Theseconddescribesalunareclipseoreclipseofthemoonwhichhappenswhenthemoonenterstheshadowoftheearth.Morethan60percentofNigeriansareuneducatedandeclipsesinsomepartsofthecountryinthepasthavecausedcommotionsinwhichpeoplehavebeenkilledandpropertydestroyeD.SomeNigeriansbelieveaneclipseispunishmentfromthegodsforevildoing.TheMarch29theclipsewouldbethefifthinNigeria’shistoryanditisexpectedtolastfor30minutes--9:15AMto9:45AMaccordingtotheofficialprediction.Nigeriawitnessedeclipsesin189819471959and2001.TheshadowsinaneclipsehaveacentraldarkpartcalledumbraandalessdarkexternalsectioncalledpenumbrA.Intheumbraallthesun’slightiscutoffandthisiscalledtotaleclipse;whileinthepenumbraonlyapartofthelightfromthesuniscutofffromthemoonanditiscalledpartialeclipsE.FiveNigerianstates--OyoKwaraNigerZamfaraandKatsina--areexpectedtohavetotaleclipsewhileotherpartsofthecountrywillexperiencepartialeclipsE.43.Thispassageismainlywrittento________.A.predictaeclipseofthesuninNigeriaB.compareaeclipseofthesunwithaeclipseofthemoonC.provideinformationonacomingeclipseofthesuninNigeriaD.showthatpeopleinNigeriareceivelittleeducation44.Ifthispassageistakenfromanewspaperwhichsectionisthepassageprobablyfrom?A.Entertainment.B.Economy.C.Education.D.SciencE.45.Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.WhatIsanEclipseB.HowFoolishPeopleinNigeriaAreC.NigeriaExpectsSolarEclipseD.SolarEclipseHappensonMarch292006

09·福建D.篇FindWhichDirectionIsSouthDoyouhaveagoodsenseofdirection?Ifnotpleasetakewithyouacompass.Butifyouforgettotakeacompassyoucanstillfindyourway.It’sneveragoodideatoimaginethatthefamilymemberwhowasentrusted委托withthejobofmap-readingactuallyknowswherethefamilyis.Youcantellbytheslightlyconfusedloadontheirfacesthatnothingonthegroundseemstomatchthemap.NeverminD.Theshuisshiningandit’sstillmorning.Ifyoudon’tknowtheexacttimeyoucanstillfindoutwheresouthisbutyou’llneedtobepatient.①Findastraightsickandputitinthegroundinaplacewhereyoucanmarkitsshadow.②Trytopositionthestickasvertically垂直asyoucan.Youcancheckthisbymakingasimpleplumbline铅锤线withapieceofstringandweight.Youhaven’tgotanystring?OKuseathreadfromyourclotheswithabuttontiedattheendtoactasaweight.③Marktheendoftheshadowcastbythestick.④Waitapproximatelyhalfanhourandmarktheendoftheshadowagain.⑤Keepdoingthisuntilyouhavemadeseveralmarks.⑥Themarknearestthestickwillrepresenttheshortestshadowwhichiscastatmiddaywhenthesunishighestintheskyandpointingtotheexactsouth.⑦Pickapointinthedistancealongthelinebetweentheshortestshadowandthestick.⑧ThatpointissouthofwhereyouarE.⑨Nowyoucanturnthemaplikeyoudidbeforeandfindwhichwayyoushouldbetravelling.68.TofindthedirectionweoughttobepatientprobablybecauseA.itisnoteasytofindaproperstickB.itisnoteasytopositionthestickC.ittakeshourstomakethemarksD.ittakesabouthalfanhourtomakethemarks69.Thepassagewouldprobablybemosthelpfulto.A.thosewhodrawmapsB.thosewhogetlostC.thosewhomakecompassesD.thosewhodoexperiments70.Whichofthefollowingpicturesbestshowsthewayoffindingthedirectionofsouth?71.Theauthorpresentsthispassageby.A.tellinganinterestingstoryB.describinganactivityinalivelywayC.testinganideabyreasoningD.introducingapracticalmethod

BotanythestudyofplantsplaysastrangeroleinthehistoryofhumanknowledgE.FormanythousandsofyearsitwasonefieldaboutwhichhumanshadlittleknowledgE.ItisimpossibletoknowtodayjustwhatourStoneAgeAncestorsknewaboutplantsbutfromwhatwecanobserveofpreindustrialsocietiesthatstillexistsadetailedlearningofplantsandtheirproperties特征mustbeveryancient.ThisisreasonablE.Plantsarethebasisofthefoodpyramidforalllivingthingsevenforotherplants.Theyhavealwaysbeengreatlyimportanttothegoodofpeoplesnotonlyforfoodbutalsoforclothingweaponstoolsmedicineshousingandagreatmanyotherpurposes.Tribes部落livingtodayinthewoodsoftheAmazonrecognizehundredsofplantsandknowmanypropertiesofeach.Tothembotanyassuchhasnonameandisprobablynotevenrecognizedasaspecialbranchofknowledgeatall.Unfortunatelythemoreindustrializedwebecomethefartherawaywemovefromdirectrelationwithplantsandthelessclearourknowledgeofbotanygrows.YeteveryonecomesunconsciouslyonasurprisingamountofbotanicalknowledgeandfewpeoplewillfailtorecognizearoseoranapplE.WhenourNewStoneAgeancestorslivingintheMiddleEastabout10000yearsagodiscoveredthatcertaingrassescouldbeharvestedandtheirseedsplantedforricherproductionthenextseasonthefirstgreatstepinanewconnectionofplantsandhumanswastaken.Grainswerediscoveredandfromthemflowedthemarvelofagriculture:plantedcrops.Fromthenonhumanswouldincreasinglytaketheirlivingfromthecontrolledproductionofafewplantsratherthangettingalittlehereandalittletherefrommanyvarietiesthatgrewwildandthecollectedknowledgeoftensofthousandsofyearsofexperienceandcloserelationswithplantsinthewildwouldbegintodisappear.67.Whichofthefollowingassumptions假设aboutearlyhumansisexpressedinthepassage?A.Theyprobablyhadwideknowledgeofplants.B.TheyclearlydividedknowledgeintoseparatefieldsC.Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.D.Theyplacedgreatimportanceonownershipofproperty.68.Accordingtothepassagewhyhasgeneralknowledgeofbotanydecreased?A.PeoplenolongervalueplantsasausefulresourcE.B.BotanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofsciencE.C.Researchisunabletokeepupwiththeincreasingnumberofplants.D.DirectrelationwithavarietyofplantshasdecreaseD.69.Inparagraph2theunderlinedwordmarvelisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.edgeB.signC.beginningD.wonder70.Accordingtothepassagewhatwasthefirstgreatsteptowardthepracticeofagriculture?A.Theinventionofagriculturetoolsandmachines.B.Thedevelopmentofasystemofnamesforplants.C.ThediscoveryofgrassesthatcouldbeharvestedandreplanteD.

SavetheAnimalsAnimalsarenaturalresources资源thatpeoplehavewastedallthroughourhistory.Animalshavebeenkilledfortheirfurandfeathersforfoodforsportandsimplybecausetheywereintheway.Thousandsofkindsofanimalshavedisappearedfromtheearthforever.Hundredsmoreareonthedangerlisttoday.About170kindsintheUnitedStatesaloneareconsideredindanger.Whyshouldpeoplecare?Becauseweneedanimals.AndbecauseoncetheyaregonetherewillneverbeanymorE.Animalsaremorethanjustbeautifulorinteresting.TheyaremorethanjustasourceoffooD.EveryanimalhasitsplaceinthebalanceofnaturE.Destroyingonekindofanimalcancreatemanyproblems.Forexamplewhenfarmerskilledlargenumbersofhawks鹰thefarmers’storesofcornandgrainweredestroyedbyratsandmicE.Why?BecausehawkseatratsandmicE.Withnohawkstokeepdowntheirnumberstheratsandmicemultiplied繁殖quickly.Luckilysomepeopleareworkingtohelpsavetheanimals.Somegroupsraisemoneytoletpeopleknowabouttheproblem.Andtheytrytogetthegovernmentstopasslawsprotectinganimalsindanger.Quiteafewcountrieshavepassedlaws.Theselawsforbid禁止thekillingofanyanimalorplantonthedangerlist.Slowlythenumberofsomeanimalsindangerisgrowing.56.Animalsareimportanttousmainlybecause__________.A.theygiveusasourceoffoodB.theyarebeautifulandlovelyC.theykeepthebalanceofnatureD.theygiveusalotofpleasure57.Whathashappenedtotheanimalsontheearth?A.About170kindsofanimalshavedisappearedforever.B.Thousandsofkindsofanimalsaregoneforever.C.A.fewkindsofanimalshavediedout.D.Allkindsofanimalsareindanger.58.Whydopeoplekillanimals?A.TheykillanimalsforsomethingtheyneeD.B.Theykillanimalstoraisesomemoney.C.Animalsdestroytheirnaturalresources.D.Animalscreatemanyproblems.59.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Peoplecaremuchaboutanimalsbecausetheyneedthem.B.Killingallratsandmicemaycausesomenewproblems.C.OnceacertainkindofanimalisgoneforevertherewillneverbeanymorE.D.Peoplemustnotkillanyanimalorplant.60.Whatcanweconcludefromthefactthatquiteafewcountrieshavepassedlawsprotectinganimalsindanger?A.AnimalsindangerwillbekeptawayfrompeoplE.B.AnimalsindangerwillnotbekilledanymorE.C.ThenumberofsomeanimalsindangerwillincreasE.D.Everypersonwillknowtheimportanceofprotectingwildanimals.

Youmightnotknowitbutthereissomethingwonderfulatyourfingertips.Youcanmakepeoplehappierhealthierandmorehard-workingjustbytouchingtheirarmsorholdingtheirhands.Doctorssaythatbodycontact接触isakindofmedicinethatcanworkwonders.Whenpeoplearetouchedthequantityofhemoglobin血红蛋白--atypeofmatterthatproducestheredcolorinbloodincreasesgreatly.Thisresultsinmoreoxygen氧气reachingeverypartofthebodyandthewholebodybenefits.Inexperimentsbottle-fedbabymonkeyswereseparatedfromtheirmothersforthefirsttendaysoflifE.TheybecamesadandnegativE.Studiesshowedthemonkeysweremoreprobabletobecomeillthanotherbabiesthatwereallowedtostaywiththeirmothers.Humanbabiesreact反应inmuchthesameway.Someyearsagoascientistnoticedthatsomewell-fedbabiesinacleannursery托儿所becameweak.Yetbabiesinanothernurseryweregrowinghealthilyeventhoughtheyatelesswellandwerenotkeptasclean.Thereasonheconcludedwasthattheyoftenhadtouchesfromnurses.ExperimentsshowthatmostpeoplelikebeingtoucheD.Andnearlyalldoctorsbelievetouchhelpstoreducepatients'fearoftreatment.OfcoursethereistimewhenatouchisnotwelcomE.Butevenifwedon’tlikebeingtouchedasmilecanmakeusfeelbetter.Smilingincreasesbloodflowandstartstheproductionofhappybrainchemicals.Solet’shaveabigsmileanddon’tforgettokeepintouch.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Everyoneknowsthatbodycontactcanmakepeoplehappier.B.Peoplemayworkharderbecauseofbodycontact.C.Yourfingertipscandosomethingwonderful.D.Peoplemaynotunderstandtheimportanceoftouching.45.Accordingtothepassage______.A.humanbrainsneedoxygenandbloodsupplynowandthenB.touchesfromdoctorsandnurseshavenothingtodowithtreatmentC.new-bornbabymonkeysshouldstayawayfromtheirmothersD.notallthepeoplelikebeingtouched46.Thewordbenefitsinthesecondparagraphprobablymeans______.A.tobeusefulorhelpfulB.togetsomethingusefulorhelpfulC.tobeillD.tobehurt47.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.WhyPeopleTouchB.SmileandTouchC.WondersofTouchD.TouchorNot

Learningdisabilitiesareverycommon.Theyaffectperhaps10percentofallchildren.Fourtimesasmanyboysasgirlshavelearningdisabilities.Sinceabout1970newresearchhashelpedbrainscientistsunderstandtheseproblemsbetter.Scientistsnowknowtherearemanydifferentkindsoflearningdisabilitiesandthattheyarecausedbymanydifferentthings.ThereisnolongeranyquestionthatalllearningdisabilitiesresultfromdifferencesinthewaythebrainisorganizeD.Youcannotlookatachildandtellifheorshehasalearningdisability.Thereisnooutwardsignofthedisorder.Sosomeresearchersbeganlookingatthebrainitselftolearnwhatmightbewrong.Inonestudyresearchersexaminedthebrainofthelearning-disabledpersonwhohaddiedinanaccident.Theyfoundtwounusualthings.OnehassomethingtodowithcellsontheleftsideofthebrainwhichcontrollanguagE.Thesecellsnormallyarewhite.Inthelearning-disabledpersonhoweverthesecellsweregray.Theresearchersalsofoundthatmanyofthenervecellswerenotinalinethewaytheyshouldhavebeen.Thenervecellsweremixedtogether.ThestudywascarriedoutundertheguidanceofNormanGeschwindanearlyexpertonlearningdisabilities.DoctorGeschwindthoughtthatlearningdisabilitiesresultedmainlyfromproblemsontheleftsideofthebrain.Hebelievedthissideofthebrainfailedtodevelopnormally.Probablyhesaidnervecellstheredidnotconnectastheyshould.SothebrainwaslikeanelectricaldeviceinwhichthewireswerecrosseD.FrankDuffyexperimentedwiththistechniqueatChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenterinBoston.DoctorDuffyfoundlargedifferencesinthebrainactivityofnormalchildrenandthosewithreadingproblems.Thedifferencesappearedthroughoutthebrain.DoctorDuffysaidhisresearchprovesthatreadingdisabilitiesresultfromdamagetoawideareaofthebrainnotjusttheleftsidE.61.Scientistsfoundthatthebraincellsofalearning-disabledpersondifferfromthoseofanormalpersonin.A.sizeandshapeB.colorandshapeC.sizeandarrangementD.colorandarrangement62.ItisNOTmentionedinthepassagethatlearningdisabilitiesmayresultfrom.A.theunknownareaofthebrainB.damagetoawideareaofthebrainC.unusualorganizationofbraincellsD.problemsontheleftsideofthebrain63.DoctorDuffybelievedthattheproblemoflearningdisabilities.A.waslimitedtotherightsideofthebrainB.wasnotlimitedtotheleftsideofthebrainC.resultedfromtheleftsideofthebrainD.didnotlieintheleftsideofthebrain64.Accordingtothepassagewecanconcludethatfurtherresearchesshouldbemadeto.A.studypossibleinfluencesonbraindevelopmentandorganizationB.studyhowchildrenlearntoreadandwriteandusenumbersC.helplearning-disabledchildrentodeveloptheirintelligenceD.explorehowtheleftsideofthebrainworksinlanguagelearning

EnvironmentalprotectionwasstressedatKanasagrowingtourismdestinationinNorthwestChina’sXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionfamousforitsattractivesceneryanditslakemonster.Allofthehotelsandrestaurantswillwithdrawfromthescenicsiteto30kilometersawaysaidJimLiquananofficialwiththeKanasEnvironmentandTourismBureau.ThemoveaimstoprotectenvironmentofKanasascenicsitethatispartoftheEuropeanecosystemandbordersKazakhstanRussiaandMongolia.Meanwhileconstructionofenvironmentalfacilitiesincludingsewage污水andrubbishtreatmentplantswillbecompletedsoon.AccordingtoMaoKenchiefofAltayPrefecturewhereKanasislocatedthegovernmentinvested1billionyuanUS$120milliononenvironmentalfacilities.EducationfortouristsisalsoimportanthesaiD.AneducationcenterisbeingcreatedtoprovideinformationonhowtoprotecttheenvironmentinKanas.ButhevowedthatthegovernmentwouldnotinterferewiththelivesoftraditionalresidentsinKanas.ItisexpectedthatKanaswillreceivemorethan500000touriststhisyear4000morethanlastyearaccordingtotheofficial.HowevertherearestillfewoverseasvisitorshesaiD.Statisticsshowedthatonly2percentofthetotalnumberoftouristsisforeigners.ThisispartlybecausethetransportationfacilitiesconnectingKanasarestillnotconvenientenoughMaosaiD.AtpresentthereisonlyonehighwayconnectingKanas.UponrequestfromtouristsconstructionofanairportwillstartthismonthandwillbecompletedbytheendofnextyeartheofficialsaiD.A.railwaylineconnectingKuitunandAltaywillalsoopentotrafficin2008tomakeitpossibletotraveltoKanasbytrainprobablybringinginmoretourists.53.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatKanasis_____.A.alakeB.atowninEuropeC.aKazakhstancitynexttoXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionD.atourismdestinationlocatedinAltayPrefecture54.TherearefewoverseasvisitorstoKanasbecause_____.A.sceneryinKanasisnotattractiveenoughB.Kanashasn’tbeenknowntothemC.thetransportationtoKanasisnotconvenientenoughD.theyareafraidofthelakemonster55.Whichofthefollowinghasthesamemeaningwiththeunderlinedwordwithdrawinthepassage?A.GoforwardB.DestroyC.ReplaceD.Moveback56.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthemeasuretobetakentoimproveenvironmentalprotectioninKanas?A.TobuildanairportandarailwaystationtomakeitpossibletotraveltoKanas.B.Toinvestalargesumofmoneytoconstructsomeofenvironmentalfacilities.C.Towithdrawallofthehotelsandrestaurantsfromthescenicsiteto30kilometersawayD.Tocreateaneducationcenterforprotection

Somescientistssaythatanimalsintheoceansareincreasinglythreatenedbynoisepollutioncausedbyhumanbeings.Thenoisethataffectsseacreaturescomesfromanumberofhumanactivities.Itiscausedmainlybyindustrialunderwaterexplosionsoceandrillingandshipengines.Suchnoisesareaddedtonaturalsounds.Thesesoundsincludethebreakingoficefieldsunderwaterearthquakesandsoundsmadebyanimalsthemselves.Decibels分贝measuredinwateraredifferentfromthosemeasuredonlanD.A.noiseofonehundredandtwentydecibelsonlandcausespaintohumanears.Inwateradecibellevelofonehundredandninety-fivewouldhavethesameeffect.Somescientistshaveproposedsettinganoiselimitofonehundredandtwentydecibelsinoceans.Theyhaveobservedthatnoisesatthatlevelcanfrightenandconfusewhales.AteamofAmericanandCanadianscientistsdiscoveredthatloudernoisescanseriouslyinjuresomeanimals.Theresearchteamfoundthatpowerfulunderwaterexplosionswerecausingwhalesintheareatolosetheirhearing.Thisseriouslyaffectedthewhales'abilitytoexchangeinformationandfindtheirway.SomeofthewhalesevendieD.TheexplosionshadcausedtheirearstobleedandbecomeinfecteD.Manyresearcherswhoseworkdependsonoceansoundsobjecttoalimitofonehundredandtwentydecibels.Theysaysuchalimitwouldmeananendtoimportantindustrialandscientificresearch.Scientistsdonotknowhowmuchandwhatkindsofnoisesareharmfultooceananimals.HowevermanyscientistssuspectthatnoiseisagreaterdangerthantheybelieveD.Theywanttopreventnoisesfromharmingcreaturesintheocean.71.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisincreasinglydangeroustoseacreatures?A.Theman-madenoises.B.Thenoisesmadebythemselves.C.Thesoundofearthquakes.D.Thesoundoftheice-breaking.72.Whichofthefollowingisdiscussedinthethirdparagraph?A.Differentplaceswithdifferenttypesofnoises.B.Theveryhumanearssensitivetoalltypesofnoises.C.Theoceananimals'reactiontonoises.D.Thesamenoisemeasureddifferentlyonlandandintheocean.73.Astotheinfluenceofnoisesonwhaleswhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theyaredeaftonoises.B.Noisesatacertainlevelmayhurtthem.C.Theyareeasilyconfusedbynoises.D.NoiseswilllimittheirabilitytoreproducE.74.Wecanknowfromthepassagethatmanyresearchersthinkthatthenoiselimitofonehundredtwentydecibelswould_____.A.preventthemfromdoingtheirresearchworkB.benefitthemalotintheirresearchworkC.dogoodtotheirhealthD.increasetheindustrialoutput75.Accordingtothepassagewhatwillscientistsmostprobablydointhefuture?A.TheywilltrytheirbesttodecreasenoisE.B.Theywillworkhardtocutdownnoisepollution.C.Theywillstudytheeffectofdifferentnoises.D.Theywillprotectanimalsfromharmfulnoises.

ThesupermarketofthepastisracingtowardahightechfuturE.Andclevermarketersarestartingwiththeiryoungestcustomers.PublixSupermarketsintheU.S.cityofAtlantaGeorgiahavebeguntestingTVKartsforlittlekids.MomscanshopinpeacewhiletheirkidsridealongwatchingtheirfavoriteTVshows.MarketerssaytheTVKartsbringaboutincomebykeepingchildrenentertainedsoparentscanshoplonger.IftheTVscreenisnotenoughtoholdachild’sattentionparentscandropthemoffataplaycenteratWegman’ssupermarketinVirginia.Thereisadultcaresoparentscanscanthegroceryaisleswithouthavingtorush.Andtherearehightechtoysforgrownupstoo.ThiscomputerizedtabletiscalledtheShoppingBuddy.Thesmallcomputerkeepsarunningtabofeveryitemintheshoppingcart.CustomerscanemailtheirgrocerylistandthedevicewillletthemknowifanyoftheitemsareonsalE.Italsoshowsthelocationoftheproducts.StopandshopmarketingmanagerMikeGrimessaysthedevicecaneventakeadeli熟食orderfromcustomersontheothersideofthestoreandletthemknowwhenit’sreadyforpickup.Theshoppingbuddyhastwoprimarybenefitstoshoppers.Thefirstsavingmoneyextrasavings.TheotherthingitsavesistimE.IfyoureallywanttosavetimeVeggieVisionacomputerizedscaleandcameraidentifiesvariousfruitsandvegetablesandautomaticallypricesthemforyou.Andwhenit’stimetopayafingermaybeallyouneeD.Ittakesjustafewsecondsforamachinetoidentifyyouruniquefingerprintanddebit记入借方youraccount.TwothousandstoresintheU.S.nowhavethePaybyTouchbiometric生物测定technology.Customerssignupbyprovidingabankaccountnumberandafingerprint.SomeEuropeanstoresaretestingtinyradiotransmitters发射机ontheirgoods.ThewirelessdevicescantellifaproductisnearingitsexpirationdateorneedstoberestockeD.AndsomedayasanI.B.M.commercialshowsusthosetransmitterswillmeanyoumaynotevenneedyourfingerprinttomakeapurchasE.72.Themainpurposeofthepassageistointroduce.A.somehighsupermarkettechnologiesB.thefuturesupermarketC.aspecialwayofpaymentD.thepastsupermarket73.WhatisthemainpurposeofusingtheTVKarts?A.Toattractcustomers.B.TokeepkidsentertaineD.C.Toadvertiseproducts.D.Tomakemoremoney.74.WiththehelpoftheshoppingBuddycostumerscan.A.spendlessmoneyandtimeshoppingB.findwhattheyneedinlesstimeC.paylessforeverythingtheybuyD.makeadeliorderevenathome75.InthePaybyTouchsupermarkets.A.youcanpayyourlistbytouchingthegoodsB.youcanpaywithyourbankaccountnumberandfingerprintC.aradiotransmitterwilltellyouthelifeperiodofthegoodsD.aspecialmachinewillrecognizewhoyouareandpayforyou

Nomorebatteriesnomorechargersandnomorewires.Thisisthefuturepromisedbywirelesspower.ameansofbroadcastingelectricitythroughtheairtolaptopsiPodsandothergadgets小器具withouttheneedforcablesandsockets插座.WirelesslightingaudiospeakersanddigitalpictureframesareexpectedtobeamongthefirstcommercialproductsexhibitedinLasVegasthisweekattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowtheworld'sbiggestgadgetstradeshow.ExpertsbelievethisisjustthebeginningandthateventuallywirelesselectricitycoulddoforbatterylifewhatWiFi局域网didfortheInternet.Inaworldwithoutwireslaptopusersincafesandairportterminals终点站wouldbeinsideanelectricityhotspotandnolongerhavetodelveanawkwardlylocatedsocket.You'dbeabletobuy.adeskthatchargedanygadgetplacedonitorpoweranyPCyouputontopsaidJamesHollandeditorofgadgetswebsiteEleetricpig.co.uk.Ifeachroomhadwirelesspoweryou'dknowthatonceyouwalkedthroughthefrontdooryournmbilewouldstartchargingup―evenwhilestillinyourbagorpocket.You'dneverneedtohuntfortherightchargeragain.AmongthecompaniesshowcasingtheambitionstechnologyatCESisPowerBeam.Itssystemturnselectricityintoaninvisiblelaserthenbeams传播itasheatacrosstheroomtoasolarcellthatconveysitbackintodectricity.DavidGrahamtheco-founderofPowerBeamsaidWe'regoingtodeletetheword'recharge'fromtheEnglishdictionary.Ifyourcellphoneisrechargingonyourdesk.alldayyouwon'tbethinkingabout.it.TheSiliconValleycompanycancurrentlyusealasertogenerateabout1.5wattsofpowerto_asolar.cell10metersaway.ThissouldbeenoughtopoweranelectronicspeakerorsmallLED二极管lightsbutnotenoughtooperatealaptopwhichrequiresabout30to50watts.HoweverGrahamsaidthatthetechnologycouldcomfortablybescaledup提高.PowerBeaminsistsitslaserdoesnotleadtoarisktousers'healthbecauseitissimplymovingheatfromoneplacetoanother.Grahamsaidthatifsomeonewalkedthroughthebeamitwouldshutdownwithinathousandthofasecondthenrestartoncethepathisclear.Thetechnologyalsopromisesbecauseitwouldonlypowerproductswhenneeded.61.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthepassage?A.Awirelessinstrumentusedforcharging.B.Theonlycompanytoshowtheambitioustechnology.C.Ameansofbroadcastingelectricitytogadgets.D.Anewefficientenergy.62.TheunderlinedworddelveinParagraph3refersto______.A.huntforB.lookintoC.thinkofD.putaway63.AccordingtoJamesHollandweknowthat______.A.acellphoneCanbepoweredonlyonadeskB.gadgetscanbechargedinaloomwithwirelesspowerC.arightchargerisneededD.eachroomshouldhavewirelesspower64.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Thelaserdoesharmtopeople'shealth.B.ThegadgetslikeaudiospeakershavebeenshownattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowthisweek.C.Theword'recharge'hasbeendeletedfromtheEnglishdictionary.D.ThetechnologyCanalsosaveenergybecauseitwouldnotworkwhenunnecessary.65.Thefifthparagraphmainlytellsus______.A.howthesystemworksB.howtheelectricitybeconvertedintoheatC.thefunctionoftheambitioustechnologyD.theelectricityisconvertedthroughheat

ECO-friendlytechnologywasthehottesttrendatthe39thTokyoMotorShowwhichopenedlastFriday.About240carmanufacturersfrom13countriespresentednewmodels.Mostwerepoweredbyhybrid混合的fuelcell燃料电池andelectricalsystems.Carmakersarechampioningmoreenvironmentallymodelsamidincreasingoilpricesandenvironmentalconcerns.It’snowcarmakers’socialresponsibilitytoprotecttheenvironmentsaidMazdapresidentHisakazuImaki.Seventy-ninecarsandmotorcyclesarebeingpresentedtothepublicforthefirsttimeaccordingtotheJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation.Theorganizingassociationsaidthebiennial两年一次的showduetoendonNovember6wassuretohavealargeimpactontheautomobileindustry.Manufacturersarecurrentlycompetingintheshiftfromgasoline-runenginestohybridfuelcellorelectricity-poweredsystems.Mazdahasanewsportsvehiclewhichrunsonahybridelectric-petrolsystem.Itisalsoshowingagasoline-hydrogenrunsportscar.AmemberoftheFordfamilyMazdaplanstomarketahybridversionoftheTributesportutilityvehicleSUVnextspringandenhanceitsco-operationwithFordinhybridsystemsdevelopment.Honda’sfuelcellsedan轿车onshowusesahydrogen-oxygenfuel.Thesystemonlysendswateroutitsexhaust尾气abettersolutionfortheenvironmentandlesspollutingthanhybrids.53.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewCarTrendB.TokyoMotorShowC.Eye-catchingCarsonShowD.TokyoShowsEcoCars54.Atpresentcarsaregenerallypoweredby____.A.electricityB.fuelcellC.gasolineorpetrolD.solarcell55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Carmakersaretryingtodevelopenvironmentallyfriendlycars.B.Theautomobileindustrywillbecertainlyinfluencedbytheshow.C.Hondaisshowingitssedanpoweredbyspecialwaterwhichcauseslesspollution.D.MazdawillcooperatewithFordtodevelophybrid-poweredcars.

07·四川D.篇SorrytosayourbrainsnaturallystartslowingdownattheCrueltyyoungageof30.Itusedtobethoughtthatthiscouldn'tbehelpedbutnewstudiesshowthatpeopleofanyagecantraintheirbrainstoworkfaster.YourbrainisalearningmachinesaysUniversityofCaliforniascientistDr.MichaelMerzenich.Giventherighttoolswecantrainourbrainstoactliketheydidwhenwewereyounger.Allthat'srequiredisthepracticedesignedjustforthepurpose:afewexercisesfortheminD.Merzenichhasdevelopedacomputer-basedtrainingmethodtospeeduptheprocess过程inwhichthebraindealswithinformationpositsciencE.com.SincemuchofthedatawereceivecomesthroughspeechtheBrainFitnessProgramworkswithlanguageandhearingtobetterspeedandaccuracy准确性.Overthecourseoftrainingtheprogramstartsaskingyoutodistinguish辨别soundsbetweendogandbogforexampleatanincreasinglyfasterspeeD.It'sabitliketennisinstructorsaysMerzenichhittingballsatyou~fasterandfastertokeepyouchallenged受到挑战.Youmaystartoutslowbutbeforelongyou'reprettyquick.ThebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastiC.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearnitwilllearn.Anditmayevenspeedupwhileintheprocess.Tokeepyourbrainyoungandplasticyoucandooneofamillionnewactivitiesthatchallengeandexciteyou:playingtabletennisorbridgedoingcrosswordpuzzleslearningalanguagE.Whenitcomestopreventingageingyoureallydo'useitorloseit'saysBarbaraSahakianprofessoratCambridgeUniversity.67.Dr.Merzenich’strainingmethodmainlydependson________.A.speechtrainingB.computerlanguagesC.theactivitiesonejoinsinD.theinformationbeingdealtwith68.Bysayingthebrainatanyageishighlyplasticthewriterprobablymeansthebraincanbe______.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched69.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.PracticemakesaquickminD.B.Brainresearchstartedtenyearsago.C.Dr.MerzenichisascientistincomputerD.Peoplebelievednothingcouldstopthebrainslowingdown.70.Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththewriter'sidea?A.ThetrainingmethodsworkbetterfortheolD.B.Peopleshouldusethebraintostopitfromageing.C.ThetrainingofthebrainshouldstartatanearlyagE.D.It'snecessarytotakepartinasmanyactivitiesaspossiblE.

Peopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabouttheproblemofpollution.Pollutioniscausedeitherbyman'sreleaseofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironmentorbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstancesuchasoiltankersintotheseA.Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylivesisboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductswhichupsettheenvironmentalbalanceortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensiblybutclearlywhilemoreandmorenewandcomplexgoodsareproducetherewillbenewdangerouswastestobedisposedofforexamplethewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeoplethereforeseepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblemthatisthewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculturewherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations.HoweverthelanditselfisgraduallybecomingwornoutasitisbeingusedinsomecasestooheavilyandartificialfertilizercannotrestorethebalancE.Whateveritsunderlyingreasonsthereisnodoubtthatmuchofthepollutioncausedcouldbecontrolledifonlycompaniesindividualsandgovernmentswouldmakemoreefforts.InthehomethereisanobviousneedtocontrollitterandwastE.Foodcomeswrappedupthreeorfourtimesinpackagesthatallhavetobedisposedof;drinksareincreasinglysoldinbottlesortinswhichcannotbereuseD.Thisnotonlycausesalitterproblembutalsoisagreatwasteofresourcesintermofglassmetalsandpaper.Advertisinghashelpedthisprocessbypersuadingmanyofusnotonlytobuythingsweneitherwantnorneedbutalsotothrowawaymuchofwhatwedobuy.Pollutionandwastecombinetobeaproblemeveryonecanhelptosolvebycuttingoutunnecessarybuyingexcessconsumptionandcarelessdisposaloftheproductsweuseinourdailylives.45.Theunderlinedphrasedisposedofinthesecondparagraphmeans_______.A.dealtwithB.exposedC.disapprovedofD.collected46.Inthewriter’sviewthemorenewgoods_______.A.thelesspollutionB.theharderpollutioncanbepreventedC.themorepollutiontherewillbeD.themoreeasilypollutioncanbecontrolled47.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Wecandomuchtoreducepollution.B.Thegovernmentistryinghardtostoppollution.C.IndividualsknowhowtogetridofthehabitoflitteringeverywherE.D.Wecan’tstopbuyingunnecessarythings.48.Peoplecanhelpsolvetheproblemofpollutionby_______.A.urgingtheirgovernmentstocontrollitterandwasteB.makinganti-pollutionadvertisementsC.cuttingdowntheuseofoilandotheroilproductsD.reducingunnecessarybuyingover-consumptionandcarelessdisposalofwastes

Itiswell-knownthatwhenanindividualjoinsagrouphetendstoacceptthegroup’sstandardsofbehaviorandthinking.Manyillustrations事例couldbegivenofthisfromeverydaylifebutwhatisofparticularinteresttopsychologists心理学家istheextenttowhichpeople’sjudgmentsandopinionscanbechangedasaresultofgrouppressureAschandothersnoticedthatpeopleinagroupwillagreetostatementsthatarecontrarytotheevidenceoftheirsenses.Itwouldbeamistaketothinkthatonlyparticularlydocile听话的peoplearechosentotakepartinexperimentsofthistypE.UsuallyhighlyintelligentandindependentpeopleareuseD.Inatypicalexperimentthisiswhatmayhappen.Theexperimenterasksforvolunteerstojoinagroupwhichisinvestigatingvisualperception视觉.Thevictimsarenotthereforeawareoftherealpurposeoftheexperiment.Eachvolunteeristakentoaroomwherehefindsagroupofaboutsevenpeoplewhoarecooperatingwiththeexperimenter.ThegroupisshownastandardcardwhichcontainsasinglelinE.TheyarethenaskedtolookatasecondcarD.Thishasthreelinesonit.Oneisobviouslylongerthanthelineonthefirstcard;oneisshorterandonethesamelength.TheyhavetosaywhichlineonthesecondcardisthesamelengthasthelineonthestandardcarD.Theothermembersofthegroupanswerfirstbutwhatthevolunteerdoesnotknowisthattheyhavebeentoldtopickoneofthewronglines.Whenhisturncomesheisfacedwiththeunanimous全体一致的opinionoftherestofthegroup-alltheothershavechosenlineA.buthequiteclearlyseeslineB.ascorrect.Whatwillbedo?AccordingtoAschmorethanhalfofthevietimschosenwillchangetheiropinion.Whatisequallysurprisingisthatwheninterviewedabouttheiranswersmostexplainedthattheyknewthegroupchoicewasincorrectbutthattheygaveintothepressureofthegroupbecausetheythoughttheymustbesufferingfromanopticalillusion视错觉orbecausetheywereafraidofbeingdifferent.53.Thepsychologistsareparticularlyinterestedin.A.thechangesintheattitudesofthepeopleB.thedegreeofchangesofpeople’sopinionsC.theresultoftheexperimentD.thedifferenceinpeople’scharacters54.Peoplewhoareusuallychosentotakepartintheexperimentsare.A.independentB.easilyguidedC.foolishD.capableofreasoning55.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Theexperimenterandallthemembersofthegroupexceptthevictimknowthepurposeoftheexperiment.B.Allofthemknowthepurposeoftheexperiment.C.Onlytheexperimenterknowsthepurposeoftheexperiment.D.Onlythevictimknowsthepurposeoftheexperiment56.Morethanhalfofthevictimschangedtheiropinionbecause.A.someoneinthegroupchangedtheiropinionB.theythoughttheireyesmustbecheatedC.theythoughtthegroupchoicewascorrectD.theyhadbeentoldabouttheanswer

Amachinewhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbecomethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumiditier除湿器theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbygettingitfromalimitlesssource－theair.Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferallalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountriesbutitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadallywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawingindampairthroughafilterandoveracoolingelementwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcallproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassoverasthehumidity湿度intheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitsecodevelopmentthemachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreefightbulbs.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid‘'Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Peoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.Themachinewhichisabout3feetwideislikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.ItsmakerCanadianfirmElementFourestimates估计thataliterofwaterwillcostaround20pencetoproduce.Environmentalistsclaimhalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfivehumansissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinkingwater.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswithbelowabout30percentrelativehumiditybutwithaveragerelativehumidityinEnglandofmorethan70percentthatwon’tbemuchofanissuehere.63.Accordingtotheauthorthebiggestadvantageofthemachineisits.AlittlepoweruseB.propersizeC.unlimitedsourceD.highproduction64.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethatthemachine.A.canbeusedeverywhereC.hasnotbeenonsaleB.willreplacethewaterdistributionsystemD.willsolvetheproblemofwatershortage65.Whatisnecessaryforthemachinetowork?A.Enoughair.B.Enoughhumidity.C.Enoughwater.D.Enoughcontainers.66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.MachinetoMakeWateroutofAirB.MicrowaveforHouseholdUseC.FiltertoDrawinDampAirD.ModemDehumidifieronSale

Treesareusefultomaninthreeveryimportantways:theyprovidehimwithwoodandotherproductstheygivehimshadeandtheyhelptopreventdroughtandfloods.Unfortunatelyinmanypartsoftheworldmanhasnotrealizedthatthethirdoftheseservicesisthemostimportant.InhiseagernesstodrawquickprofitfromthetreeshehascutthemdowninlargenumbersonlytofindthatwithoutthemhehaslostthebestfriendshehaD.TwothousandyearsagoarichandpowerfulcountrycutdownitstreestobuildwarshipswithwhichtogainitselfanempirE.Itgainedtheempirebutwithoutitstreesitssoilbecamehardandpoor.Whentheempirefelltopiecesthecountryfounditselffacedbyfloodsandstarvation.Eventhoughagovernmentrealizestheimportanceofaplentifulsupplyoftreesitisdifficultforittopersuadethevillagertoseethis.Thevillagerwantswoodtocookhisfoodwithandhecanearnmoneybymakingcharcoalorsellingwoodtothetownsman.Heisusuallytoolazyortoocarelesstoplantandlookaftertrees.Sounlessthegovernmenthasagoodsystemofcontrolorcaneducatethepeopletheforestswillslowlydisappear.Thisdoesnotonlymeanthatthevillagerssonsandgrandsonshavefewertrees.Theresultsareevenmoreserious.Forwheretherearetreestheirrootsbreakthesoilup―allowingtheraintosinkinandalsoholdthesoilthuspreventingitbeingwashedawayeasilybutwheretherearenotreesthesoilbecomeshardandpoor.Therainfallsonhardgroundandflowsawayonthesurfacecausingfloodsandcarryingawaywithittherichtopsoilinwhichcropsgrowsowell.Whenallthetopsoilisgonenothingremainsbutaworthlessdesert.63.Thepurposethatthewriterwrotethisarticleforis____.A.totellpeoplethattreesareveryusefultomanB.towarnpeoplenottocutdowntreesanymoreC.towarnthatmanmustn'tdestroyforestsanymoreD.toexplainhowtreeshelptopreventdroughtandfloods64.Inthewriter'sopinion____ortheforestsslowlydisappear.A.measuremustbetakenB.peopleshouldn'tdrawbenefitfromthetreeC.governmentmustrealizetheseriousresultsD.unlesstreesneverbecutdown65.Accordingtothearticleweknowitis____topreventtheforestsfromslowlydisappearing.A.necessarybutimpossibleB.necessarybutdifficultC.impossibleandunimportantD.difficultandimpossible66.Inthelasttwoparagraphsthewriterwantedtomakeitclearthat____.A.wheretherearenotreesthesoilbecomeshardandpoorB.wheretherearemanytreestherearefewerfloodsC.wheretherearenotreesthelandmightbecomedesertslowlyD.floodswillmakethelandbecomedesert

Consumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbytheenvironmentalclaims声称madebyhouseholdproductsaccordingtoagreenlabeling标签studypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.Amongthereport’smoreoutrageous令人无法容忍的finding―aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfasearthwormfriendlyabrandoffloursaiditwasnon-polluting.andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobeenvironmentallyfriendlier.ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncilNCCforlobbygroupConsumersInternational.ItwassupportedbytheGermanandDutchgovernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.WhilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmadeitisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringthatshoppersarewellinformedabouttheenvironmentalinfluenceofproductstheybuysaidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.The10-countrystudyexaminedproductpackaginginBritainWesternEuropeScandinaviaandtheUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaveragE.Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproductssuchasdetergent洗涤剂andgardenproducts.ItdidnottesttheclaimsbutcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganizationISO.Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2000productsandfoundmanyunclearortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaimswhilepaintswerethirdonoutlistwith73.ThehighnumbersshowhowconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleadingsaidreportresearcherPhilipPagE.TheISOlabelingstandardsbanunclearormisleadingclaimsonproductpackagingbecausetermssuchasenvironmentallyfriendly’’andnon-pollutingcannotbeproveD.WhatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISOsaidPagE.68.AccordingtothepassagetheNCCfounditoutrageousthat.A.alltheproductsclaimtomeetISOstandardsB.theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearormisleadingC.consumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures’claimsD.fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentfriendly69.AsindicatedinthispassagewithsomanygoodclaimstheconsumersA.arebecomingmorecautiousabouttheproductstheyaregoingtobuyB.arestillnotwillingtopaymoreforproductswithgreenlabelingC.arebecomingmoreawareoftheeffectsdifferentproductshaveontheenvironmentD.stilldonotknowtheexactinfluenceofdifferentproductsontheenvironment70.ThepurposeofthestudycarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCisto.A.findouthowmanyclaimsmadebyproductsfailtomeetenvironmentalstandardsB.informtheconsumersoftheenvironmentalinfluenceoftheproductstheybuyC.examineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandardsD.revisetheguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization71.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelobbygroupConsumerInternationalwantstoA.helpproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirementsB.provetheeffectsofnon―pollutingproductsC.seeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalstandardsD.warnconsumersofthedangerofso―calledgreenproducts

Plantsareveryimportantlivingthings.Lifecouldnotgoiftherewerenoplants.Thisisbecauseplantscanmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsandmancannotmakefoodfromairwaterandsunlight.Animalsgettheirfoodbyeatingplantsandotheranimals.SoanimalsandmanneedplantsinordertolivE.Thisiswhywefindthattherearesomanyplantsaroundus.Ifyoulookcarefullyattheplantsaroundyouyouwillfindthattherearetwokindsofplants:floweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.Floweringplantscanmakeseeds.Theseedsareprotectedbythefruits.Somefruitshaveoneseedsomehavetwothreeorfourandsomehavemanyseeds.Butafewfruitshavenoseedsatall.Anexampleofafruitwithoutseedsisthebananafruit.Mostnon-floweringplantsdon’tgrowfromseeds.Theygrowfromspores.Sporesaresosmallandlightthattheycanfloatintheair.Wemaysaythatsporesarequitethesameastheseeds.Whenthesesporesfallonwetandshadyplacestheyusuallygrowintonewplants.56.Themainideaofthepassageisthat__________.A.plantsareimportantforlifeB.plantscannotgrowwithoutairC.therearemanyplantsaroundusD.wecannotlivewithoutwater57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Plantscanbedividedintomaintypes:floweringplantsandnon-floweringplants.B.AllfruitshaveseedsinthemC.Seedsareprotectedbythefruits.D.Someplantsgrowfromspores.58.Thewordnon-floweringinthispassagemeans__________.A.开花的B.有花的C.多花的D.不开花的59.Inshadyplacethereis__________.A.alotofsunshineB.alotofwaterC.nowaterD.littlesunshine

根据短文内容从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有一项为多余选项APlasticAustraliaDidyouknowAustraliausesaroundfourbillionplasticcheck-outbagsayear?Ifyoutiedallofthemtogetheritwouldcreateachainlongenoughtogoaroundtheworld25times!Andthat'sonlyAustralia---globallyhundredsofbillionsareused!Onlyasmallnumberarerecycledsowheredotherestendup?53Environmentalistsreckonthousandsofbirdsandmarineanimalsdieeachyearbecausetheyswallowtheplasticorgetcaughtupinit.In2000awhalediedonabeachinQueensland---6metresofplasticwasfoundinitstummy.54Butwhy?Whataretheymadeofthatmakesthemsobad?Wellwhenfossilfuelslikeoilandcoalareprocessedagasisproducedthatcanbemadeintopolyethylene---whichisplastic!It’sturnedintoallsortsofproducts.What’ssobadaboutit?WellduringtheprocessharmfulgreenhousegasesareemitteD.AnypolyethyleneorplastictakeshundredsofyearstobedestroyeD.55Soisthereanalternativetoplasticbags?Wehaven’talwaysusedthem---backinthe60sitwaspaperbagsandboxes.AndnowreusableandbiodegradablebagshavebeenintroduceD.Butsomepeoplereckonthebiodegradableonesaren'tuptothejobandthey'remoreexpensivetomakE.Sowhat'sthesolution?GovernmentministersmetrecentlytotalkaboutitbutnoonecouldagreE.SouthAustraliahasdecidedtogoitaloneandbanthebagsfromnextyear.Victoriaisgoingtotrialaprogramwherepeoplepayupto25centsforeachbag.Butsomepeoplereckonthat'snotfairbecausegroceriesarealreadyexpensivE.Othersreckonitwon'tworkanywaybecauselazyshopperswilljustpaytheextrA.It’sabigdebatE.TheGovernmentwillholdanothermeetinginsixmonths.Bythenwewillhaveusedanothertwobillionplasticbags.A.GreenbagsmaynotbethesolutiontotheproblembuttheyarereuseableunlikeplastiC.B.Nowevenifshoppingbagsmakeittodumpsthey'restillbadfortheenvironment.C.We’veallseenthemclingingtotreesdriftingalongfootpathsandswirlingaroundinoceans.D.SoonceplasticbagsaremadetheyhangaroundforaverylongtimE.

WeoftenhearpeoplesayIhaveagoodmemoryforthingslikethatorIcanremembernames.Butdoyouknowmemoryisthesinglemostimportantthingandithasplayedaveryimportantpart?Forearlymenthereweredangerousallaroundthem----badweatherwildanimals.Thekeystokeeponlivinglayinman'sabilitytorememberthesedangersandthewayshehaddealtwiththeminthepast.Inorderformemoriestobestoredthehumanbrainbecamemorecomplex.Andasmanlearnedhowtodealwiththemhebecamecivilized文明.Surprisinglyscientiststodayunderstandlittleaboutmemoryandhowitworks.Theyhavenotyetfoundawaytoopenupthebrainandobserveitsfunctionwithoutdestroyingit.Perhapstherearetwotypesofmemory:short-termandlong-term.Short-termreferstothosefactsthatstaywithusforafewsecondstoafewhours.ForinstancewhenyoustayatahotelyouremembertheroomnumberandforgetassoonasyouleavE.Long-termmemoryontheotherhandmeansyourememberthingsforalongperiodoftimE.Ifyouspendyourhoneymooninaparticularhotelit'slikelythatyou'llrememberyourstayquiteclearly.Scientistsalsobelievethatashort-termmemorycanbecomealong-termmemorythroughconsolidation巩固.A.lotofchemicalandphysicalchangestakeplaceinthepartofthebrain.Althoughthehumanbrainweighsthreepoundsitcontains30billionnervecells神经细胞actinglikeacomputer.Whenthosechangesstrengthenthelinks联系incertainnervecellsathoughbecomesapartofthelong-termmemory.60.Accordingtotheauthorwithoutthedevelopmentofman'smemorytherewouldbe_____.A.nomodernworldB.norecordedhistoryC.noanimalsD.nodangers61.Scientists'knowledgeaboutthefunctionofbrainis_____.A.interestingB.notenoughC.greatD.encouraging62.Short-termmemorycanchangeintolong-termmemoryonconditionthat_____.A.memoryisgoodB.itactslikeacomputerC.peopledomoreexerciseD.thelinksinnervecellsarestrengthenedbycertainchanges63.Sofarthegreatdiscoveryscientistshavemadeaboutthefunctionofbrainis_____.A.theweightofbrainB.twotypesofmemoryC.30billionnervecellsD.chemicalandphysicalchanges

07·山东D.篇SportsshoesthatoutwhethertheirownerhasenoughexercisetowarranttimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeendevisedintheUK.Theshoes—namedSquareEyes—containanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.A.wirelesstransmitterpassestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.ThedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretofightagainsttherapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaysGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversitytoLondonUK.Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodoverweightreallystoodoutshesays.AndIwantedtotacklethatwithmydesign.Onceachildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtherecommendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestthatachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethantwohoursoftelevision.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalspreciselyoneminuteofTVtimE.Existingpedometers计步器normallyclipontoabeltorslipintoapocketandkeepcountofstepsbymeasuringsuddenmovement.Swansaysthesecanbeeasilytrickedintorecordingstepsthroughshaking.Buthershoehasbeenbuilttobeharderforlazyteenagerstocheat.Itispossiblebutitwouldbealotofeffortshesays.Thatwasoneofmymaindesignconsiderations.71.AccordingtoSwanthepurposeofherdesignprojectisto________.A.keeparecordofthestepsofthewearerB.dealwithoverweightamongteenagersC.enablechildrentoresistthetemptationofTVD.preventchildrenfrombeingtrickedbyTVprograms72.WhichofthefollowingistrueofSquareEyesshoes?A.Theyregulateachild’seveningTVviewingtimE.B.Theydetermineachild’sdailypocketmoney.C.Theyhaveraisedthehotissueofoverweight.D.Theycontaininformationofthereceiver.73.Whatisstressedbyhealthexpertsintheirsuggestion?A.Theexactnumberofstepstobetaken.B.TheprecisenumberofhoursspentonTV.C.TheproperamountofdailyexerciseandTVtimE.D.ThewayofchangingstepsintoTVwatchingtimE.74.Comparedwithothersimilarproductsthenewdesign________.A.makesitdifficultforlazyteenagerstocheatB.countsthewearer’sstepsthroughshakingC.recordsthesuddenmovementofthewearerD.sendsteenagers’healthdatatothereceiver75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SmartShoesDecideonTelevisionTimeB.SmartShoesGuaranteeMoreExerciseC.SmartShoesMeasureTimeofExerciseD.SmartShoesStopChildhoodOverweight

07·重庆D.篇TheAfricanelephantthelargestlandanimalremainingonearthisofgreatimportancetoAfricanecosystem生态系统.UnlikeotheranimalstheAfricanelephantistoagreatextentthebuilderofitsenvironment.Asabigplant-eateritlargelyshapestheforest-and-savanna大草原surroundingsinwhichitlivesthereforesettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotheranimalsthatliveinitshabitat栖息地.Itistheelephant'sgreatdesireforfoodthatmakesitadisturberoftheenvironmentandanimportantbuilderofitshabitat.Initscontinuoussearchforthe300poundsofplantsitmusthaveeverydayitkillssmalltreesandunderbushesandpullsbranchesoffbigtrees.ThisresultsinnumerousopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Intheseopenspacesarenumerousplantsinvariousstagesofgrowththatattractavarietyofotherplant-eaters.TaketherainforestsforexamplE.Intheirnaturalstatethespreadingbranchesoverheadshutoutsunlightandpreventthegrowthofplantsontheforestfloor.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingplantselephantsmakeopenspacesallowingnewplantstogrowontheforestfloor.Insuchsituationstheforestsbecomesuitableforlargehoofedplant-eaterstomovearoundandforsmallplant-eaterstogettheirfoodaswell.WhatworriesscientistsnowisthattheAfricanelephanthasbecomeanendangeredspecies.Iftheelephantdisappearsscientistssaymanyotheranimalswillalsodisappearfromvastareasofforestandsavannagreatlychangingandworseningthewholeecosystem.67.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.DisappearanceofAfricanelephants.B.ForestsandsavannasashabitatsforAfricanelephants.C.TheeffectofAfricanelephants'searchforfooD.D.TheeatinghabitofAfricanelephants.68.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasesettingthetermsmostprobablymean?A.FixingthetimE.B.WorseningthestatE.C.Improvingthequality.D.Decidingtheconditions.69.Whatdoweknowabouttheopenspacesinthepassage?A.Theyresultfromthedestructionofrainforests.B.TheyprovidefoodmainlyforAfricanelephants.C.Theyarehometomanyendangeredanimals.D.Theyareattractivetoplant-eatinganimalsofdifferentkinds.70.Thepassageisdevelopedmainlyby.A.showingtheeffectandthenexplainingthecausesB.pointingoutsimilaritiesanddifferencesC.describingthechangesinspaceorderD.givingexamples

WhenpeoplegetbadtoothachestheyoftenhavetoeatsofteasilychewedfooD.Whenlionsgetbadtoothachestheyeatpeople?That'stheconclusionofazoologistattheFieldMuseumofNaturalHistoryinChicagoandadentistwhoworksoncarnivores食肉动物.Lionsdon’tnormallypreyonpeoplE.Everyonceinawhilehoweveralionwillgoonahuman-eatingdiet.Themostfamoussuchtragedyhappenedin1898whentwolionskilledandate135railwayworkersinKenya.Examiningthepreservedskulls骷髅ofthetwobigcatszoologistBrucePattersonanddentistEllisNeiburgerfoundthatbothanimalshadbeensufferingfromseveraldentaland|awproblems.Onelionhadthreemissingteethandalooseunsteadylowercaninethatwasprobablyuseless.Caninesarepointedteeththathuntinganimalsuseforgrippingandpiercingprey刺穿猎物.Thetwolionsmighthavebeensobadlydisabledthattheycouldn’tbitedownforcefullysaytheresearchers.Consequentlythelionsmighthaveabandonedtheirnormalmoredifficultpreyandturnedtohumans.HumansareeasypreyssaidPatterson.We'reveryslowwedon’thearverywellandwedon*tseeverywellinthedarkness.TheresearchcallstheirideatheInfirmityTheory.ItwasinspiredpartlybytheworkofJimCorbettatigerhunterinIndiainthe1930s.CorbettwasregularlycalledintohunttigersthathadbeendiningonIndianvillagers.TimeaftertimePattersondiscoveredthatthekillertigersweresufferingfromsomeill-healthyconditions.64.Theoriginalaimofthestudyistolookfor____.A.waysofprotectingwildanimalsB.waysoftreatingtoothachesoflionsC.whenandwherelionseatpeopleD.reasonsforsomelionseatingpeople65.Thereasonwhylionsdon'tnormallypreyonpeopleis____.A.thattheylikewildpreysbetterB.theyjusthuntforpreyatnightC.thathumansaredifficulttocatchD.notmentionedinthepassage66.JimCorbett'storyismentionedinthelastparagraphtoshowthat____.A.tigershavethesameeatinghabitsandpreysaslionsB.carnivoreshuntpeoplemostlyunderill-healthyconditionsC.tigerslikehurtingvillagerswhilelionslikerailwayworkersD.wildanimalsswallowhumanswhentheysufferfromtoothaches.67.Thebesttitleofthepassagecouldbe____.A.A.ZoologistAndaDentistB.WhyDoSomeWildAnimalsEatPeopleC.A.DiscoveryoftheSkullsofLionsD.HowCanHealthInfluenceEatingHabits