Should e­cigarettes (electronic cigarettes) be a new choice for the smokers trying to get rid of the habit? Reactions from Americans are mixeD. More than half of the people questioned in a survey think e­cigarettes should be controlled by the US Food and Drug Administration, but 47 percent believe the e­cigarettes should be available to the smokers who want to quit. “In the hunt for a safer cigarette, e­cigarettes are becoming a popular choice among those either trying to quit or looking to replace standard tobacco smoke with an alternative that manufacturers claim to be safer” Zogby International, which conducted the survey, said in a statement. About half of the 4,611 adults who took part in the survey had heard about e­cigarettes，which are battery­powered，or rechargeable cigarettes that vaporize a liquid nicotine solution. They do not produce smoke but a water vapor without smell. Sold mostly on the Internet, e­cigarettes were first made in ChinA. Last year the World Health Organization (WHO) warned against using e­cigarettes, saying there was no evidence to prove they were safe or helped smokers break the habit. The WHO said people who smoke e­cigarettes breathe in a fine fog of nicotine into the lungs. Nearly a third of people questioned in the survey think that e­cigarettes should be allowed in places where smoking is forbidden, because they don’t produce smoke, but 46 percent disagreE. Men who were aware of the availability of e­cigarettes were more likely than women to say they should be a choice available to smokers who want to quit. Young people，aged 18-29，and singles were the groups most open to trying e­cigarettes. Smoking is the single largest cause of preventable death worldwide, according to the WHO. 29.What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A. American smokers ought to try e­cigarettes. B. Americans have different opinions about e­cigarettes. C. Every kind of cigarettes should be forbidden in AmericA. D. Most of the Americans don’t like e­cigarettes. 30.According to Zogby International, e­cigarettes ______. A. are much safer than common cigarettes 　　B. are produced in a safer way by manufacturers C. will take the place of traditional cigarettes D. are popular among people who want to quit smoking 31.What’s the attitude of the WHO towards e­cigarettes? A. Indifferent 　　 B. Supportive 　　C. Doubtful 　　　 D. Negative

Holdingacellphoneagainstyourearorstoringitinyourpocketmaybedangeroustoyourhealth.ThisexplainsawarningthatcellphonemanufacturersincludeinthesmallprintthatisoftenignoredwhenanewphoneispurchaseD.Appleforexampledoesn’twantiPhonestocomeclosertoyouthan1.5centimeters;ResearchInMotionBlackBerry’smanufacturerrecommends2.5centimeters.IfhealthissuesarisefromcellphoneusethepossibleeffectsarehugE.Voicecalls-Americanschatoncellphones2.26trillion万亿minutesannually-earn$109billionforthewirelesscarriers.DevraDavisanexpertwhohasworkedfortheUniversityofPittsburghhaspublishedabookaboutcellphoneradiationDisconnect.ThebooksurveysscientificresearchandconcludesthequestionisnotsettleD.BraincancerisaconcernthatMs.Davisexamines.OveralltherehasnotbeenanincreaseinitsincidencesincecellphonesarriveD.Buttheaveragemasksanincreaseinbraincancerinthe20-to-29agegroupandadropfortheolderpopulation.Mostcancershavemultiplecausesshesaysbutshepointstolaboratoryresearchthatsuggestslow-energyradiationcoulddamagecellsthatcouldpossiblyleadtocancer.Childrenaremorevulnerable易受伤的toradiationthanadultsMs.Davisandotherscientistspointout.Radiationthatpenetratesonlyfivecentimetersintothebrainofanadultwillreachmuchdeeperintothebrainsofchildrenbecausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainscontainmoreabsorptivefluid易吸收的液体.Nostudieshaveyetbeencompletedoncellphoneradiationandchildrenshesays.HenryLaiaresearchprofessorinthebioengineeringdepartmentattheUniversityofWashingtonbeganlaboratoryradiationstudiesin1980andfoundthatratsexposedtoradiationhaddamagedDNAintheirbrains.Ms.Davisrecommendsusingwiredheadsetsorthephone’sspeaker.Childrenshouldtextratherthancallshesaidandpregnantwomenshouldkeepphonesawayfromtheabdomen腹部.6.AccordingtoMsDavisbraincancerincrease____.A.amongchildrenB.amongoldpeopleC.inthetwentiesD.amongpregnantwomen7.Whydochildreneasilybeaffectedbyradiation?A.Becausetheyhaven’tgrownup.D.Becausetheirskullsarethinnerandtheirbrainsareeasilyhurt.C.Becausetheyusecellphonesmoreoftenthanadults.B.Becausetheyaretooyoungtoprotectthemselves.8.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Pregnantwomenshouldkeepcellphonesaway.B.Peopleshouldusecellphonesinthecorrectway.D.Whenyouuseacellphoneuseawiredheadsetorthephone’sspeaker.C.Ifyouareachildyou’dbettertextthanmakephonecalls.9.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Becarefulwhenusingcellphones.B.Low-energyradiationcoulddamagecellsthatcouldleadtocancer.C.RatsexposedtoradiationhavedamagedDNAintheirbrains.D.Don’tholdyourcellphoneagainstyourear.

Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys'?Theanswerdependslargelyonculturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptiansgreenwasacolorthatrepresentedthehopeandjoyofspringwhileforMuslimsitmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.InChinachildrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynationsblueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotectthemselvesagainstevils灾祸.People'schoiceofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies'reactionstowardthem.Greenissaidtobethemostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentallyandphysically.Peoplewhoworkingreenenvironmentshavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson'sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople'sappetites食欲.Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.SimilarlymanycommercialwebsiteswillhavearedBuyNowbuttonbecauseredisacolorthateasilycatches吸引aperson'seyE.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.UnlikeredbluecancausepeopletoloseappetitE.Soifyouwanttoeatlesssomesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.Thenexttimeyouaredecidingonwhattowearorwhatcolortodecorateyourroomthinkaboutthecolorcarefully.20.Muslimsconsidergreenasasymbolofheavenmainlybecauseoftheir.A.culturalvaluesB.commercialpurposesC.personalexperiencesD.physicalreactionstothecolor21.Whywillmanycommercialwebsiteshavearedbuynowbutton?A.Torelaxpeoplephysically.B.Toincreasepeople'sappetites.C.Toencouragepeopletomakeapurchase购买.D.Tocauseaperson'sbloodpressuretorisE.22.Whatcolormighthelploseweightaccordingtothetext?A.RedB.Green.C.BluE.D.PurplE.23.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A.ColorsandHumanBeingsB.TheCulturalMeaningofColorC.ColorsandPersonalExperiencesD.TheMeaningandFunctionofColor

Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’sarounD.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21butsinceithascaughtoneventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetoseeandoftentasteawidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarketsitcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistencesuchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecialit’sstillworthatryasistheknobbly多疙瘩的Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelsE.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinettebutyou’llneedawarmshelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowitsoit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheeventsyoucanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditionsandbecausethesearefamilyaffairschildrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruitincludingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards果园.IfyouwanttohavearealorchardexperiencetryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdalenearFavershaminKent.28.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?A.Attendexperts’lectures.B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.C.PlantfruittreesinanorcharD.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.29.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?A.Itisanewvariety.B.Ithasastrangelook.C.Itisrarelyseennow.D.IthasaspecialtastE.30.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseapipedreaminParagraph3mean?A.A.practicalideA.B.A.vainhopE.C.Abrilliantplan.D.A.selfishdesirE.31.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.Topromoteappleresearch.

ThequalityofdrinkingwaterinShanghaiwillmeetEuropeanUnionstandardby2010andadecadelatercitizensinShanghaiwilldrinkthebestwaterintheworlD.ThesearethegoalssetoutbytheShanghaiWaterAuthority.Withthecity’spopulationexpectedtoincreaseonlyslightlyandtheeconomytoboomby2020ChenYinandofficialwiththewaterauthoritysaidShanghai’swaterconsumptionwillnotincreasefromitspresentamount.ZhangYuedirectoroftheUrbanConstructionDivisionundertheMinistryofConstructionsaidShanghaiisthefirstcityinthecountrytopublicizetheseambitions.TheywillnotbeeasytoachievE.HesaidwatersavingwillhelpkeepthesustainabledevelopmentofChina’seconomy.Savingonecubicmeterofwatermeanssavingthecity’sinfrastructure基础设施costsby10000Yuan.LastyearShanghaisaved300millioncubicmetersofwatereitherfromreadjustmentofindustrialstructureortheemploymentofnewtechnology.TheaimistoarousepublicawarenessoftheseriousnessofwatershortagesChensaiD.Theabundantsurfacewaterandamountofrainofthecityaresomisleadingthattheyresultinimproperuseofwater.Shanghailacksdrinkablewater.TheHuangpuRiverwhichsupplies80percentofthecity’sdrinkablewaterisnearingexhaustion.ThecitythereforehasbeenexploringnewsourcesfromtheYangtzeRiverandgrowingforestsalongittoconservequalitywater.BesidespenningregulationstheauthorityispopularizingtechnologyamongthepublictoefficientlycuttheamountofwateruseD.Atpresentthecityhas600000familytoiletseachusing13litersofwaterperflush.Thesearetoberenovated整修touseonly9litersofwaterperflush.Theauthorityisrenovatingthefirst200toiletsforhouseholds–atacostof40Yuaneach.Inthreeyearsallthetoiletswillberenovatedwhichsavesthecitynearly15millionYuaneveryyearinwaterconservation.Anothertaskthecityisengagedinisthetreatmentofsewage污水toimprovethewaterenvironment.Atpresentthecitycanonlytreat44percentofitsdaily5.04milliontonsofwastewater.Tomeetthetotaldemand27moresewagetreatmentfactoriesaretobeestablishedwithanestimatedinvestmentof18billionYuan.13.Theauthorityisrenovatingthefirst200toiletsforhouseholdsto.A.makepeople’slivingmoreconvenientB.improvepeople’slivingstandardsC.easeemploymentpressureD.meetthetotaldemandofwater14.Whichgroupofmeasuresareallmentionedinthepassagetosavewater?a.improvedrinkingwaterqualityb.changesomeindustrialstructurec.introduceorusesomenewtechnologyd.speedtheeconomicdevelopmentofShanghaie.renovatesomefamilytoiletsf.buildmoresewagetreatmentfactoriesA.abcdB.bcefC.bcdeD.abef15.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.theboomofeconomywillneedalargeramountofwaterinthefutureB.citizenstodayinShanghaidrinkthebestqualityofwaterintheworldC.noteveryonetodayinShanghaiisawareofwatershortageD.allthefamilytoiletswillberenovatedtosavewaterwithin3years

Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindangerbutwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving铺砌aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.A.majorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.ItcomesfromundergrounD.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages短缺.Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts干旱thanareaswithmorerainfallbutinanycasegoodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds.Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifferencetoo.IntheUnitedStatesafamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolivebutthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.YoucantakestepstosavewaterinyourhomE.Tostartwithusethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher洗碗机onlywhenitisfull.HelpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhomE.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.8.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?A.Usingriverwater.B.Pavingparkinglots.C.Throwingbatteriesaway.D.Throwingrubbishintolakes.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds.B.Allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior.C.ThereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysizE.D.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.10.Thelastparagraphisintendedto________.A.showushowtofixleaksathomeB.tellushowtorunadishwasherC.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathomeD.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforus11.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.whypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupplyC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howmuchwedependonwatertolive

LadiesandgentlemensayhellotoPIBOT.DevelopedinSouthKoreathislittlemachineisaboutthesizeofachild’stoyandhasaheadthatkindoflookslikeatoaster烤箱.It’salsoabletoflyaplanE.Theresearchersresponsiblefortherobot’sdevelopmenthaveactuallymanagedtoprogramitwithalltheknowledgeandskillsnecessarytooperateastandardairplanE.Throughabuilt-inwebcam网络摄像机PIBOTisabletogatherinformationaboutitssurroundings—suchaslocationairspeedandweatherconditions.Withallofthisinformationit’sabletomakedecisionsinmuchthesamewayasahumanpilotwoulD.It’salreadycompletedonesuccessfultestflight—sortof.InthevideopresentedatIROS2014inChicagoPIBOTwasseenguidingtheairplanethroughashorttestflightinaflightsimulator模拟器—aprocesswhichincludedbothtakeoffandlanding.It’ssupercool.Nowit’sworthmentioningthat—evenasimpressiveasPIBOTis—wearen’tgoingtobeseeingitinanyrealairplanesatanypointinthenearfuturE.Althoughthelittlerobotiscertainlyabletooperateaplaneitdoesn’tquitehavetheskillsnecessarytoaddresssomeoftherealworldsituationsmetbypilots—suchasbadweatherormix-upsontherunway.Itdoesn’tmeetthegovernment’sruleseither.Theinventorsaren’tterriblydiscouragedhowever.Theyexpectthatit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforetheymanagetogetPIBOTuptothenecessarystandards.Whenthedaycomeswemightseeairlinesputtoworkawholenewtypeofpilot;onewhonevertiresnevergetshungryandnevermakesmistakes.So...ifyou’veacareerinaviation航空itmightsoonbetimetostartplanningforretirement退休.28.WeknowfromthetextthatPIBOT_____.A.isverylargeB.canserveasatoasterC.wasdevelopedinChicagoD.isdesignedtooperateaplane29.InthepresentedvideoPIBOT_____.A.competedwithahumanpilotB.completedseveraltestflightsC.madedecisionstotallylikehumansD.successfullyguidedaplanetotakeoffandland30.Whywon’tPIBOTbeputintouse?A.Itcan’tpredictweatherconditions.B.Itcan’tdealwithrealworldsituations.C.Itdoesn’thavetheskillstooperateaplanE.D.Itcan’tgatherinformationaboutitssurroundings.31.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat_____.A.PIBOTwon’tmakeanymistakeinaflightB.theresearcherswillhavetoabandontheplanC.PIBOTwillsurelyreplacehumanpilotsonedayD.theinventorsareconfidentaboutthefutureofPIBOT

ThelateststudybytheUniversityofFloridahasfoundthateatingfromsmallerlessbeautifulandevenpaperplateswillhelppreventovereating.Eatingwithaforkinsteadofaspooncanhelpyouloseweighttheresearcherssay.Muchtotheirsurprisetheyfindthatputtingmirrorsinthediningroomwillalsohelpreduceweight.Theresearchersasked185collegestudentstochooseachocolatecakeorafruitsaladandevaluatedthetastE.Thosewhoateinaroomwithamirrorscoredthetasteofjunkfoodmuchlowerthanthoseinaroomwithoutamirror.ButthetasteoffruitsaladremainedthesameinanycasE.LeadscientistDr.AtaJamisaysthataglanceinthemirrortellspeoplemorethanjustabouttheirphysicalappearancE.Itenablesthemtoviewthemselvesobjectively客观地andhelpsthemtojudgethemselvesandtheirbehaviorinthesamewaythattheyjudgeotherpeoplE.Themirrorswerefoundtopushpeopletocompareandmatchtheirownbehaviorwithacceptedsocialstandards.Theresearchersbelieveitprovesthatpeopledon’twanttolookinthemirrorwhentheyfeeltheyarefollowingthesocialstandards.WhentheylookinthemirrorwithmouthsfullofjunkfoodfeelingsofdiscomfortandfailurecanbeincreaseD.ThereforethepresenceofthemirrorlowersthetasteofunhealthyfooD.HoweverresearcherssaythisisonlythecaseifpeopleselectthefoodtheyareeatingbecausetheyareresponsibleforthatchoicE.Theresearcherssuggestthatmirrorsbeplacedindiningroomsandothereatingspacessothatpeoplewillstarteatingmorehealthily.32.Researchersareamazedtofindthat______.A.paperplatesmakefoodlooknicerB.peopleusingaforkwilleatmoreC.mirrorscanhelppeopleloseweightD.peoplewilleatmoreinfrontofamirror33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudy?A.Someteenagersgotinvolvedinit.B.Peoplewererequiredtoeatwithaspoon.C.PeoplepreferredachocolatecaketoafruitsalaD.D.ThemirrormaynotaffectthetasteofhealthyfooD.34.AccordingtoDr.AtaJamithemirror______.A.makespeoplejudgeotherscorrectlyB.makespeoplewelljudgethemselvesC.isanecessarypartofpeople’sdailylifeD.canonlyshowtheappearanceofaperson35.Howdoesthemirroraffectthetasteofjunkfood?A.Bymakingpeoplehungry.B.Byshowingthesocialstandards.C.ByattractingpeopletohealthyfooD.D.Bycausingafeelingofdiscomfort.

WhomadeyourT-shirt?A.GeowetownUniversitystudentraisedthatquestion.PietraRivoliaprofessorofbusinesswantedtofindtheanswer.A.fewweekslatersheboughtaT-shirtandbegantofollowitspathfromTexascottonformtoChinesefactorytocharitybin箱.TheresultisaninterestingnewbookTheTravelsofaT-shirtintheGlobalEconomy.FollowingaT-shirtaroundtheworldinawaytomakeherpointmoreinterestingbutitalsofreesRivolifromtheusualargumentsoverglobaltradE.ShegoeswherevertheT-shirtgoesandtherearesurprisesaroundeverycorner.InChinaRivolishowswhyaclothingfactoryevenwithitspoorconditionsmeansasteptowardabetterlifeforthepeoplewhoworktherE.Inthecolorfulused-clothingmarketsofTanzaniasherealizesthisitisonlyinthisfinalstageoflifethattheT-shirtwillmeetarealmarketwherethepriceofashirtchangesbythehourandisdifferentbyitssizeandevencolor.Rivoli’sbookisfullofmemerablepeopleandsceneslikethenoisethebadairandthemuddy-sweetsmellofthecotton.ShesaysHereinthefactoryShanghaismellslikeShallowaterTexas.Rivoliisatherbestwhenmakingthosesortsofunexpectedconnections.Sheevenfindsonebetweenthefreetradersandthosewhoareagainstglobalization.Thechancesopenedupbytradearevastshearguesbutfreemarketsneedthecorrectingforceofpoliticstokeepthemincheck.Trueeconomicprogressneedsthemboth.28.WhatdowelearnaboutProfessorRivoli?A.Sheusedtoworkonacottonfarm.B.ShewroteabookaboutworldtradE.C.ShewantstogiveupherteachingjoB.D.ShewearsaT-shirtwherevershegoes.29.BysayingT-shirtmeetarealmarketRivolimeansinTanzania_______.A.cheaperT-shirtsareneedeD.B.usedT-shirtsarehardtosellC.pricesofT-shirtriseandfallfrequentlyD.pricesofT-shirtareusuallyreasonable30.Whatdoesthewordthemunderlinedinthelastparagraphreferto?A.Free-markets.B.Pricechanges.C.Unexpectedconnection.D.ChancesopenedupbytradE.31.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WhatT-shirtCanDotoHelpCottonFarmsB.HowT-shirtAreMadeinShanghaiC.HowT-shirtAreSoldinTanzaniaD.WhatT-shirtCanTeachUs

ThevalleyknownasSleepyHollowhidesfromtheworldinthehighhillsofNewYorkstatE.Therearemanystoriestoldaboutthequietvalley.Butthestorythatpeoplebelievemostisaboutamanwhoridesahorseatnight.ThestorysaysthemandiedmanyyearsagoduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.Hisheadwasshotoff.EverynightherisesfromhisburialplacejumpsonhishorseandridesthroughthevalleylookingforhislostheaD.NearSleepyHollowisavillagecalledTarryTown.ItwassettledmanyyearsagobypeoplefromHollanD.Thevillagehadasmallschool.AndoneteachernamedIchabodCranE.IchabodCranewasagoodnameforhimbecausehelookedlikeatallbirdacranE.HewastallandthinlikeacranE.Hisshouldersweresmalljoinedtwolongarms.Hisheadwassmalltooandflatontop.HehadbigearslargeglassygreeneyesandalongnosE.Ichaboddidnotmakemuchmoneyasateacher.Andalthoughhewastallandthinheatelikeafatman.Tohelphimpayforhisfoodheearnedextramoneyteachingyoungpeopletosing.EverySundayafterchurchIchabodtaughtsinging.AmongtheladiesIchabodtaughtwasoneKatrinaVanTassel.ShewastheonlydaughterofarichDutchfarmer.ShewasagirlinbloommuchlikearoundredrosyapplE.IchabodhadasoftandfoolishheartfortheladiesandsoonfoundhimselfinterestedinMissVanTassel.Ichabod'seyesopenedwidewhenhesawtherichesofKatrina'sfarm:themilesofappletreesandwheatfieldsandhundredsoffatfarmanimals.HesawhimselfasmasteroftheVanTasselfarmwithKatrinaashiswifE.ButthereweremanyproblemsblockingtheroadtoKatrina'sheart.OnewasastrongyoungmannamedBromVanBrunt.Bromwasaherotoalltheyoungladies.Hisshoulderswerebig.HisbackwaswidE.Andhishairwasshortandcurly.HealwayswonthehorseracesinTarryTownandearnedmanyprizes.BromwasneverseenwithoutahorsE.SuchwastheenemyIchabodhadtodefeatforKatrina'sheart.59.Thefirstparagraphservesas_______.A.exampleB.explanationC.introductionD.comment60.HowcouldIchahodaffordhisfood?A.HehadahighsalaryB.HisparentsandfriendshelpedhimC.HesavedalotD.Heearnedextramoneyteachingyoungpeopletosing.61.Accordingtothestorywhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.IchahodwasthemasteroftheVanTasselfarm.B.IchahodwasKatrina’shusbanD.C.IchahodtriedtowinKatrina’sheart.D.BromVanBrunttreatedIchahodashisenemy.62.Whatwillprobablyhappennextaccordingtothestory?A.Ichahodlostheartandwasreducedtoadrunkard酒鬼.B.IchahodtriedeverymeansandfinallywonKatrina’sheart.C.Ichahodfinallywonalotofwomen’sloveandgaveupKatrinA.D.BromVanBruntwonKatrina’sheartandhereaftermarriedKatrinA.

Thenumberofpeoplehidingtheiridentitywhilesurfingthewebhasriseninthepastyear.ResearchshowsthatthelevelofencryptedinternetactivityhasrisendramaticallyacrosstheworldsuggestingthatmillionsofpeoplehavebeguntousesoftwarethathideswhotheyarewhileaccessingtheweB.AccordingtoSandvinethetechnologynetworkingcompanyhiddeninternettrafficinpeakhoursinEuropehasbeenupto6.1percentofallwebactivitiescomparedwithabout1.5percentayearearlier.InNorthAmericaencryptedtrafficwentupto3.8percentfrom2.3percentayearearlierwhileinLatinAmericaitjumpedtoalmost10.4percentfrom1.8percent.Expertssaidthatthechangesinonlinebehaviorweretheresultofexposure曝光aboutwidespreadinternetspyingbyintelligenceagenciessuchasthatexposedbyEdwardSnowdentheUSNationalSecurityAgencywhistleblower.ItwillbeinterestingtoseehowthesetrendsdevelopsaidErnestoVanderSarthepen-nameusedbytheeditor-in-chiefofTorrentfreak.comthewebsitethatfirstreportedthefigures.Inanycaseit’sclearthatinternetservicesandtheirusersarebecomingmoreawareoftheirprivacyonlinewhichisgenerallyagooddevelopment.LastweekSirTimBerners-LeetheBritishinventorofthewebdefendedtherightofagenciestospyontheinternetforlawenforcement强制实施.HesaidWehavetofigureouthowtobalancethatagainstrights.6.ThewordencryptedinParagraphTwohastheclosestmeaningwith______.A.falseB.hiddenC.cheatingD.changed7.Whichareahasseenthelargestriseinencryptedinternetactivity?A.EuropE.B.NorthAmericA.C.LatinAmericA.D.EasternAsiA.8.Whydomorepeoplehidetheiridentitywhilesurfingtheweb?A.Tocheatothers.B.Tohavemorefun.C.Tofollowthefashion.D.Topreventtheirprivacybeingspiedon.9.What’sSirTimBerners-Lee’sopiniononsomeagencies’spyingontheinternet?A.It’sillegal.B.It’stotallyright.C.It’sagainsthumanrights.D.It’sacceptabletosomedegreE.

ThestrongemphasisoneducationalachievementinChinaJapanandotherpartsofSouth-EastAsiamaybecomingataheavypricE.Researcherssaythathardworkatschoolplusthelackofexposuretooutdoorlightisdamagingtheeyesofalmostnineoutoftenstudents—withoneinfiveatseriousriskofvisualimpairmentandblindness.ThescientistssaythatyoungpeopleneeduptothreehoursadayofoutdoorlightbutmanyinfantsarealsomissingoutastheynapduringlunchtimE.Dr.IanMorganistheleadauthorofthestudy.Ithinkwhat'shappenedinSouth-EastAsiaisthatwe'vegotadoublewhammy.We'vegotthemassiveeducationalpressuresandwe'vegottheconstructionofachild'sdayinawaythatreallyminimisestheamountoftimetheyspendoutsideinbrightlight.Thescientistssaythatgeneticfactorslongthoughttoplayabigroleinshort-sightednessarenotasimportantastheenvironment.TheypointtoSingaporeasaplacewithseveraldifferentracialgroupsallofwhomarenowsufferinghighlevelsofshort-sightedness.TheauthorssuggestthatcompulsorytimeoutdoorsshouldbeconsideredbyeducationalauthoritiesacrossSouth-EastAsiaasawayofdealingwiththeproblem.28.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.EducationalachievementinAsiA.B.SightproblemsinSouth-EastAsiA.C.Riskofvisualimpairmentandblindness.D.Massiveeducationalpressures29.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartadoublewhammyreferto?A.Manyinfants’napsandmassiveeducationalpressures.B.Hardworkatschoolandtheconstructionofachild'sday.C.Educationalpressuresandthelackofexposuretooutdoorlight.D.Geneticfactorsandtheminimisedtimespentoutsideinbrightlight.30.BymentioningSingaporetheauthorintendstotellusthat________.A.geneticfactorsplayabigroleinshort-sightednessB.ithasseveraldifferentracialgroupsC.allSingaporeansareshortsightednowD.theenvironmenthasgreatereffectonpeople’seyes31.Theauthorsstronglybelievethat__________.A.weshouldspendenoughtimeoutdoorsB.infantsshouldnotnapduringlunchtimeC.studentsshouldnotworkhardatschoolD.educationalauthoritiesaretoblameforshort-sightedness

Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation创新thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywherE.It’sbasedontheassumption假设thatoldideaswillalwaysworksotheyshouldn’tbechallengeD.Whilethismaybeavalid有效的assumptioninsituationsthatdon’tchangeit’sunlikelytoholdtrueinachangingsituation.Intoday’srapidchangingglobalenvironmentoldmethodsoftendon'tworkandstubbornlyusingthemcanleadtomajorproblems.Mostpeopleseemtoagreewithconventionalwisdombecauseitgivesoneafalsesenseofsecurity.IfeveryoneelsebelievesitthenitmustbetruE.IndividualswhouseconventionalwisdomarecertainthattheyarerightandbeingrightisgooD.Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.In1977KenOlsenco-founderandCEOofDigitalEquipmentCorporationDECstatedThereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveacomputerinhishomE.DespitebeinganimportantleaderinthecomputerindustryDECnolongerexists.PeopleseemtoforgetthatsinceinnovationisachangetherecanbenoinnovationwithoutchangE.Unfortunatelyconventionalwisdompreventsleadersfollowersandcompaniesfromchangingandthereforeinnovating.Ifcompaniesdon’tinnovatebuttheircompetitorsdothefutureislikelytobeproblematiC.Breakingfromconventionalwisdomhasledtomanyofthemostinnovativecompaniesandproductsinhistoryacrossmanyindustriessoithasapowerfuleffectonbusinesssuccess.TedTurnerfounderofCNNknewlittleifanythingaboutthenewsbusinessbutheknewitwasinconvenienttowatchnewsonlyatthedinnerhouraswascommonbeforeCNN.Turner’ssolutionwastocreateacablechanneldedicatedtonews24hoursaday.Thenewsestablishmentreflectedconventionalwisdomatthetimeandpredictedhisideawouldfailbecausenoonewantedtowatchthenewsallday.Howeveritdoesn’ttakearocketscientisttounderstandthatviewersdon’thavetowatchthenewsalldayfortheCNNtowork.Viewersjusthavetowatchwhentheywanttogetinformation.DuetoconventionalthinkingthecriticsfailedtorecognizetheopportunitythatwascleartoTeD.TheyassumedthatonlywhatwasfamiliartothemcouldworkinthefuturE.Conventionalwisdompreventscreativityflexibilityandrisk-takingsounconventionalleadersenthusiasticallybreakfromit.TosurvivethriveandmaintaincompetitiveadvantagecompaniesmustbeflexiblewhenreactingtochangE.28.DEChasdisappearedprobablybecause___________.A.theconsumersdidn’tlikeitsproductsB.theleaderslackedthesenseofsecurityC.theCEOstucktotheconventionalideasD.theemployeestookmanyriskswithchanges29.ThefoundingofCNNisusedasanexampletoprove_________.A.missingopportunitiescouldleadtofailureB.changingcouldcontributetobusinesssuccessC.watchingnewsatthedinnerhourisconvenientD.conventionalwisdominfluencesbusinesssuccess30.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.RocketscientistscanensuretheCNNworksproperly.B.Mostoftheviewersdon’tliketowatchthenewsatwork.C.It’snecessarytounderstandwhenpeoplewatchthenews.D.It’seasytoknowpeopleneedn’twatchthenewsallthetimE.31.Thepassageismainlywrittentotellusthat______.A.oldmethodsarechangingwithtimeB.opportunitiesleadtobusinesssuccessC.conventionalwisdomlimitsinnovationD.successfulcompaniesneedwiseleaders

A.newphoneappusesshakingfromsmartphonestowarnpeopleaboutearthquakes.ThenewappiscalledMyShakewhichistheworkoffourresearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley.Smartphonesareequippedwithaccelerometers加速器.MyShakeusesphoneaccelerometerstomeasureseismic地震的activity.Ithasbeenprogrammedtoknowthedifferencebetweennormalactivityandearthquakemovement.Thesoftwaredeveloperssaytheirappisright93percentofthetimE.A.smartphonesendsseismicinformationtotheappdevelopers.Ifthedevelopersreceiveseveralwarningsfromoneareaitrecognizesthatanearthquakemaybetakingplaceorwilltakeplacesoon.Usinginformationsentfromtheappthenetworkthenjudgesthelocationwhereearthquakes*havehappenedandstrengthofthequakeinrealtimE.MyShakecanrecord5.0earthquakesatdistancesof10kilometersorless.MyShakeusesverylittlepoweraccordingtoitsdevelopers.Onlywhenseismicactivityissensedbytheappdoesitbecomeactiveandsendsdatatothenetwork.TheappworksbestwhenyourphoneisrestingonaflatsurfacelikeatablE.ThedevelopershopethatMyShakecanaddtoinformationcollectedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurvey.ThatU.S.agencyhascreatedtheEarthquakeEarlyWarningSystemalsoknownastheEEW.TheEEWhasusedsensorsformeasuringquakesinmanyareas.InplaceswherenosuchequipmentexistsMyShakemaybetheonlymethodofearlyquakedetection发现.TheappalsoshowswaystostaysaferduringanearthquakE.Thedeveloperssayitwillbecomemoreeffectiveasmorepeopleuseit.Thedeveloperssay.theyhopetoaddafeaturethatwillwarnpeopleaboutapossibletsunami海啸afteranearthquake:32.Thenewapp_'A.isakindofaccelerometerB.feelsearthquakesthroughsmartphonesC.isdevelopedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurveyD.predictspossibletsunamiafteranearthquake33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlytalkingabout?A.HowMyshakeworks.B.Whatseismicactivityis.C.WhyMyshakeisdevelopeD.D.Whenaccelerometersrecordearthquakes.34.WecaninferthatMyshake____.A.doesnotworkwhenthesmartphoneisinthepocketB.sleepswhilethereisnoshakingoftheearth'ssurfaceC.guidespeoplehowtosurvivewhenmanypeople.useitatthesametimeD.recognizesanearthquakewhenitreceivestheinformationfromothersensors35.Thenewappdevelopershopeto____.A.usetheinformationbytheU.S.GeologicalSurveytobetterMyshakeB.unitetheU.S.GeologicalSurveytocombinetheEEWandMyshakeC.helptheEEWdetectearthquakessomewhereD.improvetheEEW

SanFranciscoisagreatcity.Itislivelyandfriendlyandhasmanythingstodo.Belowyou’llfindsomeideasaboutactivitiesandprogramsinSanFranciscoforthesummer.TheSanFranciscoSchool:SummerProgramTherearecampsforpre-kindergarten学前班throughmiddleschoolatTheSanFranciscoSchool.WithprogramslikeFearlessWritingMakingA.GreenWorld:Re-MakingClothingandsomuchmorecheckwhichprogramsareforwhichages.Thisisagreatplaceforchildrentohavefuninthesummer.Registration登记startsinthespring.SanFranciscoArtInstituteCommunityEducationChildrentoeldersarewelcometosignupforallsortsofartclassesallyearroundsuchasAdultContinuingEducationPre-CollegeprogramsandaYoungArtistprogram.Checkwebsiteforschedulesclasstypesagegroupsandmoreorcall415-749-4500.SanFranciscoUniversityHighSchool:SummerProgramThisisagreatprogrampreparingkidsforcollegE.Academicclassesinthemorningandsocialclassessuchasdramasportsmusicintheafternoon.TherearealsootheractivitiessuchasafielddayaneveningpartyatalentshowandmuchmorE.30-35sixthgradechildrenareselectedeachsummersoyouhavetofilloutanapplicationform.SeemoreaboutitonitswebsitE.RudolfSteinerCollegeSummerProgramsRudolfSteinerhassummerprogramsforteacherswhowanttotakecoursessuchasteachinggradecourses1-8HighSchoolTeacherEducationprogramworkingwithPre-SchoolchildrenLanguagesArtsandmorE.RegistrationisatthebeginningoftheApril.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutSummerProgramsintheSanFranciscoSchool?A.Itusuallybeginsinthespring.B.Itdoesn’tofferacademicclasses.C.Itisforchildrenfrompre-kindergarten.D.Ithasprogramsaboutenvironmentalprotection.25.TheadvantageofprogramsofSanFranciscoArtInstituteCommunityEducationisthat____.A.itisfreeforchildrenB.childrenofdifferentagescantakepartC.schedulescanbefoundonitswebsiteD.childrencanattendartclassesatanyseason26.WhichofthefollowingisbestforJimifhewantstogotocollegenextyear?A.TheSummerProgramintheSanFranciscoSchool.B.SanFranciscoArtInstituteCommunityEducation.C.TheSummerProgramsinRudolfSteinerCollegE.D.TheSummerPrograminSanFranciscoUniversityHighSchool.27.Inwritingthispassagetheauthoraimsto_____.A.attractpeopletotravelinSanFranciscoB.introduceeducationalprogramsinSanFranciscoC.showthebeautifulsceneryofSanFranciscoD.introducesomegoodschoolsinSanFrancisco

TheUNweatheragencywarnedonTuesdaytherewasagoodchanceofanElNinoclimatephenomenoninthePacificOceanthisyearbringingdroughts干旱andheavyrainfalltotherestoftheworldTheWorldMeteorological气象的OrganizationWMOsaiditsmodelingsuggestedafairlylargepotentialforanElNinomostlikelybytheendofthesecondquarterof2016.TheElNinophenomenonoccurseverytwotosevenyearswhenthetradewindsthatcirculatesurfacewaterinthetropical熟带的Pacificstarttoweaken.WMOpointedoutTuesdaythatsincelastDecembertradewindshadweakenedandtherehadbeenasignificantwarmingofthewatersbelowthesurfaceinthecentralPacifiC.WhilethereisnoguaranteethissituationwillleadtoanElNinoeventthelongerthetradewindsremainweakenedandsubsurfacetemperaturesstaysignificantlywarmerthanaveragethehigherchancesareitsaiD.TwothirdsofclimatemodelspredictedthatthephenomenonwouldbeginsometimebetweenJuneandAugustwithone-fifthsuggestingitcouldstartasearlyasMayandtheremainingpredictingnoElNinothisyearitsaiD.ItisoftenfollowedbyareturnswingofLaNinawhichischaracterizedbyunusuallycooloceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeasterntropicalPacifiC.ElNinohasanimportantwarmingeffectonglobalaveragetemperaturesJarraudcautionedstressingthatcombinedwithwarmingfromgreenhousegasessucheventshadthepotentialtocauseasharpriseinglobalaveragetemperature.33.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat-'A.aweatheragencywarnedanElNinowouldappearonTuesdayB.WMOshowedanElNinowouldprobablyhappenbyJunein2016C.anElNinowouldbringheavyrainfalltothePacificOceanD.ThephenomenonofElNinohappenseverysevenyears34.WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasethissituationinParagraph4referto?A.CooloceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeasterntropicalPacifiC.B.A.significantwarmingofthewatersbelowthesurfaceinthecentralPacifiC.C.TradewindsthatcirculatesurfacewaterinthePacifiC.D.HeavyrainfallindifferentareasallovertheworlD.35.AccordingtothetextwhatmightbethepercentageofnoElNinothisyear?A.13%.B.20%.C.67%.D.87%.

OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptembertheworldgotitsfirstlookattheStrati.ThiselectricvehicleisunlikeanyothercurrentlyontheroaD.Itrollsonfourwheelsbutitsbodyandchassis底盘weren’tbuiltinafactory.InsteadStrati’sdesignersusedatechnologycalled3-Dprinting.Itcreatedthosepartsofthecarinonepiecefromthegroundup.ComparedtoatypicalvehicleontheroadtheStratidefinitelylooksdifferentsaysGregSchroederaseniorresearchengineerattheCenterforAutomotiveResearchinAnnArborMich.Hedidnotworkonthenewcar.Hisorganizationstudiestrendsandchangesintheautoindustry.Ittook44hourstoprintthenewcarattheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.Overthenextfewdaysthecar’sdesignersinstalledadditionalparts.Theseincludedthecar’senginebrakesandtires.ThenearlyonSeptember13JayRogersclimbedintothecarstarteditsengineanddrovethevehicleontothestreet.RogershelpedfoundLocalMotors.It’stheArizona-basedcompanybehindtheStrati.TwoweekslaterhisteamprintedasecondStratiandjustasfastatafairinNewYorkCity.JustinFishkinalocalMotorsofficialseestheStratiasawindowintothefuturE.TodaycarbuyersarelimitedintheirchoiceofavehiclE.TheycanorderonlywhatcarcompanieshavealreadydesigneD.Butinthefuturehesaysyoumaybeabletodesignyourowncaronlineandthengetitprintedtoorder.Manufacturingexpertssay3-Dprintinghasbeguntorevolutionizehowtheymakethings.Thetechnologyhasbeenaroundfordecades.Butthesemachinesusedtobesoexpensivethatonlylargecompaniescouldaffordthem.InthelastfewyearsthoughthathaschangeD.Manyofthemachinesarenowinexpensiveenoughforsmallcompanies—orevenindividuals—toown.SomelocallibrariesmakethemavailabletothepubliC.HighSchoolsarebeginningtousetheminclassrooms.Wideaccesstotheseprintersmeanspeoplecannowdesignandprintawidevarietyofnewthings.Thecar’sprinterisaone-of-a-kinddevicE.Thetechnologybehindthe3-DprinterusedinChicagoisanexampleofadditivemanufacturing.Thisprocessbuildssolidobjectsslicebyslicefromthebottomup.StratimeanslayersinItalian.A.mechanicalarmmovesanozzlefromonesidetoanotherbackandforth.Asitmovesthenozzledepositsaliquid—oftenmeltedplasticormetalbutitcouldbefoodconcreteorevencells—thatquicklyhardensorbondstobecomesolidorsemi-soliD.Thiscreatesasinglethinlayer.OncealayeriscompletetheprinterstartsdepositingthenextonE.There’salotofinterestin3-DprintingintheautoindustrysaysSchroeder.Rightnowthetechnologyisparticularlyusefulforbuildingmodelsofcarsorcarparts.Tocompetewithcurrentautomanufacturersthe3-DprinterwouldhavetoincreaseinahurrySchroedersays.BycontrasthenotesaFordF-150pickuptruckrollsoffanassemblylineatarateofroughlyoneperminutE.ToprintasmanyStratiswouldrequiremanymoreprinters.Schroedersayshedoesn’tsee3-Dprintingsoontakingoverforsuchhigh-volumemanufacturing.ButheaddsWhoknowswhatwillhappeninthelongterm?ScientistsatOakRidgeNationalLaboratoryinTennesseedesignedthe3-DprinterusedinChicago.LonnieLovearesearchscientistatthelabledtheeffort.AdditivemanufacturingoftenisslowandexpensivE.ItalsomayproducematerialsthatareunreliableLovesays.Sofortwoyearshisteamsearchedforwaystomake3-Dprintingbetter.Theybuiltnewmachinesandtestedthemoverandover.Allofthatworkpaidoff:theirnewmachineisfastanduseslessexpensivematerialthanearlierprinters.Inadditionitprintsaplasticembeddedwithfibersofcarbontoproduceastrongermaterial.Thishelpsensurethematerialwon’tcrackorbreakunderpressurE.71.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirstStratiisTRUE?A.ItwasborninacarfactoryinChicago.B.Allpartsofitwerenotmadebyusingatechnologycalled3-Dtechnology.C.Itisapitythatithasnotrunonthestreetsofar.D.ManyseniorresearchengineersworkedonitincludingGregSchroeder.72.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A.Largecompaniesarealwaysrichenoughtobuyexpensivethings.B.NowHighSchoolsarebeginningtouse3-Dprintersinclassrooms.C.Wideaccessto3-DprintershasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoordernovelthingsonlinE.D.Highpricesofnewproductscanstopthemfrombeingusedwidelyinthebeginning.73.WhatdoesthewordnozzleinParagraph7possiblyreferto?A.A.singlethinlayer.B.A.partofthe3-Dprinter.C.A.solidorsemi-solidobject.D.A.personwhooperatesthemachinE.74.WhydidLonnieLovemakeeffortstoimprove3-Dprintingwithhisteam?A.Becauseadditivemanufacturingmightproduceunreliablematerials.B.Becausehejustwasinterestedinmakingnewthings.C.BecausehejustwantedtobuildnewmachinesandtestthemD.BecauseadditivemanufacturingisalwaysslowbutinexpensivE.75.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.3-DPrintersAreComingB.3-DPrintersAreBecomingWell-KnownC.3-DPrintersAreBecomingCheaperD.3-DPrintersAreMakingCars

Plentyofpeopledreamoftravelingtootherplanets.ButStarWarsfanscanactuallyvisitlocationswheremanyofthefilms’mostfamoussceneswereshot.HerearesomeoftheplaceswhereStarWarscomestolifE.HotelSidiDrissMatmataTunisiaPerhapsthemostfamousStarWarslandmarkintheworldthisiswheretheinteriorsofLukeSkywalker'schildhoodhomeonplanetTatooinewerefilmeD.CenturiesagoBerbersbuilttheundergroundstructureasarealhomE.EventuallyitbecameahotelwhichGeorgeLucasusedtofilmthefirstStarWarsfilm.Thesetdecorationscamedownwhenthecrewleftbutwererebuiltin2000forAttackoftheClones.Sincethenthey'veremainedsoguestscaneatatthetablewhereyoungmasterLukediD.LaGrandeDuneoutsideNeftaTunisiaTheigloo冰屋outsideofLuke'shousewasfilmedabout300kilometersawayonthedried-upsaltlakeofChottElJeriD.TheiglooisstilltherereachablewithadecentcarattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E.Thesurroundinghotelsareman-madetocreatetheillusion幻觉thattheundergroundhouseisnexttoit.Theigloofromthe1977moviewastakenapartbutagainrebuiltforAttackoftheClonesandlaterrestoredbyafan.NearbyisLaGrandeDunesiteoftheDuneSeA.About30minutesfromtheiglooisthesetofMosEspathespaceporttownwhereAnakinwasdiscoveredasayoungslavE.RedwoodNationalandStateparksCaliforniaEndortheforestmoonhomeofthefurryEwokswasfilmedamongCalifornia'sgiantredwoods.Mostofthewell-knownsceneswereshotonprivatelandownedbyalumbercompany.SincethecastandcrewworkedonReturnoftheJediin1982heavylogginghasleftmostofthelandscapeunrecognizablE.ButdrivingthroughtheparksstillgivesafeelforthesetespeciallyalongtheAvenueoftheGiantshighway.InGrizzlyCreekRedwoodsStateParkandtheHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkplateswerefilmedforsomechasescenes.21.HotelSidiDrisswasoriginally________centuriesago.A.ahotelB.Berbers’realhomeC.LukeSkywalker’schildhoodhomeD.theshootinglocationofAttackoftheClones22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTCORRECTabouttheigloointhethirdparagraph?A.Wecanstillreachtheigloo.B.TheigloowasrestoredbyafanC.TheigloowastakenapartforAttackoftheClonesD.Theigloo’slocationisattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E23.TheunderlinedwordEndorrefersto____________inStarWars.A.ananimalB.apersonC.aplaceD.acompany

Forcenturiestheonlyformofwrittencorrespondence通信wastheletter.Letterswereandaresentbysomeformofpostalservicethehistoryofwhichgoesbackalongway.IndeedtheEgyptiansbegansendinglettersfromabout2000BCasdidtheChineseathousandyearslater.Ofcoursemodernpostalservicesnowaremuchmoredevelopedandfasterdependingastheydooncarsandplanesfordelivery.Yettheyarestilltooslowforsomepeopletosendurgentdocuments紧急文件andletters.Theinventionofthefax传真machineincreasedthespeedofdeliveringdocumentsevenmorE.WhenyousendafaxyouaresendingacopyofapieceofcorrespondencetosomeonebytelephoneservicE.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1980sthatsuchaservicewasdevelopedenoughforbusinessestobeabletofaxdocumentstoeachother.ThefaxserviceisstillverymuchinusewhencopiesofdocumentsrequiretobesentbutasawayoffastcorrespondenceithasbeenlargelytakentheplaceofbyemailEmailisusedtodescribemessagessentformonecomputerusertoanother.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantageswithemails.Ifyousendsomeoneanemailthenhewillreceiveitextremelyquickly.NormalpostalservicesareratherslowasfarasspeedofdeliveryisconcerneD.Howeverifyouwritesomethingbyemailwhichyoumightlaterregretandsenditimmediatelythereisnochanceforsecondthoughts.Atleastifyouarepostingaletteryouhavetoaddressandseal封theenvelopeandtakeittothepostbox.ThereisplentyoftimetochangeyourminD.Themessageisthinkbeforeyouemail!25.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________________.A.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomeslowerB.emailislesspopularthanthefaxserviceC.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomefasterD.thefaxservicehasahistoryaslongasthepostalservicedoes26.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________________.A.thefaxmachinewasinventedafterthe1980sB.lettershavebeenusedinChinaforabout1000yearsC.thefaxservicehadbeenfullydevelopedbythe1980sD.lettershavebeenusedinEgyptforabout2000years27.Inthelastparagraphthewritermentionsthinkbeforeyouemailtoshowthat_________________.A.you’dbetternotsendyouremailinahurryB.youmayregretifyoudon’tsealyourenvelopeC.youmayregretbeforeyousendsomethingbyemailD.youneedplentyoftimetosendanemail28.Thetextmainlydealswith________________.A.theinventionoffaxmachinesB.theadvantageoffaxmachinesC.theadvantageofemailsD.theprogressincorrespondence

Mostpeoplearoundtheworldareright-handeD.Thisalsoseemstobetrueinhistory.In1799scientistsstudiedworksofartmadeatdifferenttimesfrom1500B.C.tothe1950s.Mostofthepeopleshownintheseworksareright-handedsothescientistsguessedthatright-handednesshasalwaysbeencommonthroughhistory.Todayonlyabout10%to15%oftheworld’spopulationisleft-handeD.Whyaretheremoreright-handedpeoplethanleft-handedones?Scientistsnowknowthataperson’stwohandseachhavetheirownjobs.Formostpeoplethehandisusedtofindthingsorholdthings.Therighthandisusedtoworkwiththings.Thisisbecauseofthedifferentworkofthetwosidesofthebrain.Therightsideofthebrainwhichmakesaperson’shandsandeyesworktogethercontrolsthelefthanD.Theleft-sideofthebrainwhichcontrolstherighthandisthecentreforthinkinganddoingproblems.Thesefindingsshowthatmoreartistsshouldbeleft-handedandstudieshavefoundthatleft-handednessistwiceascommonamongartistsasamongpeopleinotherjobs.Noonereallyknowswhatmakesapersonbecomeright-handedinsteadofleft-handeD.Scientistshavefoundthatalmost40%ofthepeoplebecomeleft-handedbecausetheirmainbrainisdamagedwhentheyareborn.Howeverthisdoesn’thappentoeveryonesoscientistsguesstheremustbeanotherreasonwhypeoplebecomeleft-handeD.Oneideaisthatpeopleusuallygetright-handedfromtheirparents.Ifapersondoesnotreceivethegene基因forright-handednesshe/shemaybecomeeitherright-handedorleft-handedaccordingtothechanceandthepeopletheyworkorlivewith.Thoughright-handednessismorecommonthanleft-handednesspeoplenolongerthinkleft-handedpeoplearestrangeorunusual.A.longtimeagoleft-handedchildrenweremadetousetheirrighthandslikeotherchildrenbuttodaytheydon’thaveto.32.Afterstudyingworksofartmadeatdifferenttimesinhistorythescientistsfound_______.A.theartbeganfrom1500B.C.B.theworksofartendedinthe1950sC.mostpeopleshownintheworksofartareleft-handedD.mostpeopleshownintheworksofartareright-handed33.Whatisthehandformostpeopleusedtodo?A.It’susedtoworkwiththings.B.It’susedtofindorholdthings.C.It’susedtomakeaperson’seyesworktogether.D.It’sthecentreforthinkinganddoingproblems.34.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Noonereallyknowswhatmakesapersonbecomeright-handeD.B.Todaychildrenarenotmadetousetheirrighthandsonly.C.Left-handednessisclevererthanright-handedness.D.Scientiststhinktheremustbesomereasonwhypeoplebecomeleft-handeD.35.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A.WhichHandB.Left-handedPeopleC.Scientists’NewInventionsD.DifferentBrainsDifferentHands

Thenumberofpeoplehidingtheiridentitywhilesurfingthewebhasriseninthepastyear.ResearchshowsthatthelevelofencryptedinternetactivityhasrisendramaticallyacrosstheworldsuggestingthatmillionsofpeoplehavebeguntousesoftwarethathideswhotheyarewhileaccessingtheweB.AccordingtoSandvinethetechnologynetworkingcompanyhiddeninternettrafficinpeakhoursinEuropehasbeenupto6.1percentofallwebactivitiescomparedwithabout1.5percentayearearlier.InNorthAmericaencryptedtrafficwentupto3.8percentfrom2.3percentayearearlierwhileinLatinAmericaitjumpedtoalmost10.4percentfrom1.8percent.Expertssaidthatthechangesinonlinebehaviorweretheresultofexposure曝光aboutwidespreadinternetspyingbyintelligenceagenciessuchasthatexposedbyEdwardSnowdentheUSNationalSecurityAgencywhistleblower.ItwillbeinterestingtoseehowthesetrendsdevelopsaidErnestoVanderSarthepen-nameusedbytheeditor-in-chiefofTorrentfreak.comthewebsitethatfirstreportedthefigures.Inanycaseit’sclearthatinternetservicesandtheirusersarebecomingmoreawareoftheirprivacyonlinewhichisgenerallyagooddevelopment.LastweekSirTimBerners-LeetheBritishinventorofthewebdefendedtherightofagenciestospyontheinternetforlawenforcement强制实施.HesaidWehavetofigureouthowtobalancethatagainstrights.28.ThewordencryptedinParagraphTwohastheclosestmeaningwith______.A.falseB.hiddenC.cheatingD.changed29.Whichareahasseenthelargestriseinencryptedinternetactivity?A.EuropE.B.NorthAmericA.C.LatinAmericA.D.EasternAsiA.30.Whydomorepeoplehidetheiridentitywhilesurfingtheweb?A.Tocheatothers.B.Tohavemorefun.C.Tofollowthefashion.D.Topreventtheirprivacybeingspiedon.31.What’sSirTimBerners-Lee’sopiniononsomeagencies’spyingontheinternet?A.It’sillegal.B.It’stotallyright.C.It’sagainsthumanrights.D.It’sacceptabletosomedegreE.

Ingeneralpeopletalkabouttwogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsareredorangeandyellow.WheretherearewarmcolorsandalotoflightpeopleusuallywanttobeactivE.Thecoolcolorsaregreenblueandviolet.Thesecolorsunlikewarmcolorsarerelaxing.Wheretherearecoolcolorspeopleareusuallyquiet.PeoplewholiketospendtimealoneoftenpreferbluE.Redmaybeexcitingbutoneresearchersaysthattimeseemstopassmoreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolorsthaninaroomwithcoolcolors.Hesuggeststhatawarmcolorsuchasredororangeisagoodcolorforalivingroomorrestaurant.Peoplewhoarerelaxingoreatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.Coolcolorsarebetterforofficesorfactoriesifthepeoplewhoareworkingtherewanttimetopassquickly.Perhapswarmcolorsremindpeopleofwarmdaysandthecoolcolorsremindthemofcooldays.Peopleassociatecolorswithdifferentobjectsfeelingsandholidays.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.RedisusedforsignsofdangersuchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.TheholidaywhichisassociatedwithredisValentine’sDay.Orangeisthebrightwarmcolorofleavesinautumn.Peoplesayorangeisalivelyenergeticcolor.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.TheholidayswhichareassociatedwithorangeareHalloweeninOctoberandThanksgivingDayinNovember.Whiteisthecolorofsnow.Peopledescribewhiteasapurecleancolor.Theyassociatewhitewithabrightcleanfeeling.Ontheotherhandblackisthecolorofnight.Peoplewearblackclothesatseriousorformalceremonies.Yellowisthecolorofsunlight.Peoplesayitisacheerfulandlivelycolor.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassinspring.Peoplesayitisarefreshingandrelaxingcolor.Machinesinfactoriesareusuallypaintedlightgreen.BlueisthecoloroftheskywaterandicE.PoliceandNavyuniformsarebluE.WhenpeoplearesadtheysayIfeelbluE.Theyassociatebluewithfeelingslikeunhappinessandfear.Iftwoobjectsarethesameexceptforcolortheywilllookdifferent.Colorcanmakeanobjectlooknearerorfartherlargerorsmaller.Brightobjectslooklargerthandarkobjects.InconclusioncolorisveryimportanttopeoplE.Warmandcoolcolorsaffecthowpeoplefeel.Peoplechooseproductsbycolor.Moreovercoloraffectshowanobjectlooks.Itisevenpossiblethatyourfavoritecolortellsalotaboutyou.32.Thepeoplewhopreferwarmcolorsusuallyare________.A.quietB.energeticC.angryD.relaxing33.Thefactthatonefamilypaintsthelivingroomasunnyyellowsuggests________.A.peoplewanttobequietB.peoplewanttosleepslowlyC.peoplewanttimetopassmoreslowlyD.peopleassociatecolorswithholidays34.Whydodoctorsandnursesnormallywearwhiteuniforms?A.Becausewhitemeanspureandclean.B.Becausewhitemeansseriousorformal.C.Becausetheylikethecolourofsnow.D.Becausetheylikewearinguniforms.35.Wemaylearnfromthetextthatfatpeoplewhowanttolookslimmershouldwear________clothes.A.blueB.darkC.whiteD.yellow

SincethestartofthedeadlyAIDSepidemicinthe1980sscientistshavebeenworkingtowardsacurE.NowtheymaybeclosetofindingonE.Researchershavedevelopedamethodtocuttheviral病毒DNAfromaperson’sinfectedcells.ItiscalledCRISPR/Cas9anditmeansthepersoncouldbevirus-freE.DNAisasubstancethatcarriesgeneticinformationinthecellsofanimalsandplants.Thisgene-editingtookplaceinascientificlabbuthasnotbeentestedonhumansyet.It’sabigstepsaidKamelKhaliliPh.D.HeisleadresearcherandchairattheDepartmentofNeuroscienceatTempleUniversityinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniA.Heandhisteammadethediscovery.ButmoretestshavetobedonetoknowifitwillbeacureforthemillionsofpatientsinfectedwiththeHIVviruswhichcausesAIDS.AntiretroviraldrugshavebeendoingagoodjobofkeepingtheAIDSvirusfromreproducing.SuchagoodjobthatlevelsofHIVarejustaboutundetectableininfectedpeoplewhotakethemedicinE.Butevenwiththedrugsthevirusstaysinthebody’sT-cellswhichareT-lymphocytes.AIDSdamagestheimmunesystemhurtingthebody’sabilitytofightoffdiseasE.SothedrugsarekindofaBand-AidsolutionKhaliliexplaineD.Theykeepthevirusfromgrowing.Buttheydonotremovethememoryofthevirusfromthecells.AndthemomentantiretroviraldrugsarestoppedtheHIVcomesbacktolifeandbeginsmakingmoreHIVwhichistheAIDSvirus.KhaliliandhisteamofscientistsappeartohavefoundawaytocutthisviralDNAfrominfectedpeople’scells.IntheirlabtheytookcellsfrompeopleinfectedwiththeHIVvirus.Theyremovedthepartofthecellthatwasholdingthevirus.Hesaidtheyhadinsomecasesnear90percentofthevirusreplication复制orproductiondroppedinthepatientsamplesaftertreatmentinthelaboratory.Khaliliandhisteamhavenotactuallycuredanypatientsyet.Howeverhebelievesthisgene-editingtechnologycouldpossiblycureAIDS.RemovaloftheviruscanleadtothecurE.Hesaidit’sanexcitingtimeandthereasonisthetechnologiesareavailableandthemethodsareinplaceandourknowledgehasincreaseD.AndhopefullytherewillbefundingtotakeustowardthisexcitingmomentfordevelopingthecurestrategybygettingridofviralDNAusingeditingtechniques.62.ThenewlyfoundwayisintendedtocureAIDSby_______.A.doingdamagetotheimmunesystemB.removingviralDNAfrominfectedcellsC.doingresearchintoantiretroviraldrugsD.takingcellsfromthoseinfectedwiththeHIVvirus63.Whatcanweknowaboutantiretroviraldrugsfromthepassage?A.TheyarelikelytomakemoreAIDSvirus.B.TheycanhelpbodytofightagainstdiseasE.C.TheyareunabletocurepeopleoftheirHIVvirus.D.ViruswilldisappearfromT-cellsbecauseofthem.64.KamelKhalili’swordsinthelasttwoparagraphsindicatethat_______.A.hisnewmethodisboundtobeaperfectcureforAIDSB.antiretroviraldrugswillbedroppedinthenearfutureC.theirdiscoveryhasmadegreatcontributionstohumanbeingsD.theywillsucceedcuringAIDSiftheyaren’tlackinginmoney

Ourcharacterbasicallyismadeupofourhabits.Sowathoughtreapanaction;sowanactionreapahabit;sowahabitreapacharacter;sowacharacterreapadestinyasthesayinggoes.Habitsarepowerfulfactorsinourlives.Becausetheyareconsistentoftenunconsciouspatterns;theyconstantlydailyexpressourcharacterandproduceeffectivenessorineffectiveness.AsHoraceMannagreateducatoroncesaidAhabitislikeacablE.Weweaveastrand线ofiteverydayandsoonitcannotbebroken.Ipersonallydonotagreewiththelastpartofhisexpression.IknowhabitscanbelearnedandunlearneD.AndIalsoknowitisn’taquickfix.Itinvolvesaprocessandtremendous巨大的devotion.SomeofuswhowatchedthelunarvoyageofApollo11wereshockedastheysawthefirstmenwalkonthemoonandreturntotheearth.Buttogettherethoseastronautshadtobreakoutofthetremendouspullofgravityoftheearth.Moreenergywasspentinthefirstfewminutesoflift-offinthefirstfewmilesoftravelthanwasusedoverthenextseveraldaystotravelhalfamillionmiles.Habitstoohavetremendouspull.Howevermostpeopledon’trealizeoradmitit.Gettingridofbadhabitsreallyrequiresgreatwillpowerandsomechangesinourlives.Lift-offtakestremendouseffortbutoncewebreakoutofthepullofgravitywecanenjoyunprecedented空前的freedom.Likeanynaturalforcethepullofgravitycanworkwithusoragainstus.Thepullofsomeofourhabitsmaycurrentlybekeepingusfromgoingwhereverwewanttogo.Butitisalsothepullofgravitythatkeepsourworldtogetherandkeepstheplanetsintheirorbitsandouruniverseinorder.Itispowerfulforceandifweuseiteffectivelywecancreatecohesiveness凝聚力toestablisheffectivenessinourlives.29.Whydidtheauthorquotethesayinginthefirstparagraph?A.Toshowtheauthorwasawiseman.B.Tosupporttheauthor’sopinionaboutthehabit.C.Becauseagreateducatoraskedtheauthortodoit.D.Becausetheauthorlikedtheoldsayingverymuch.30.Whydoestheauthorsayhabitshavepowerfuleffectsonourlives?A.Becausehabitscanconstantlyaffectourcharacter.B.BecausehabitscanbelearnedandunlearneD.C.Becauseyoucanreapacharacterbysowingahabit.D.BecauseahabitislikeacableandusefultoourlifE.31.Whatdoesthewritermeanbyreferringtogravitypull?A.Riddingbadhabitsneedsgreatwillpower.B.Breakingthegravitypullmeansenjoyingfreedom.C.Toprovethatthehabitscanworkwithusoragainstus.D.Thegravitypullisveryimportantinourlives.32.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.FormingagoodcharacterisimportantB.TheimportanceofthepullofgravityC.ExcellenceisnotanactbutahabitD.Thepowerfulfactorsofhabits

Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Orinsummertheymaythinkitistheheat.Howevertherealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday.Thepeopleintheseexperimentsalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern.Theysleptforonelongperiodandthenforoneshortperiodabouteighthourslater.Inmanypartsoftheworldpeopletakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimateswheretheheatmakesworkdifficultintheearlyafternoon.Researchersarenowsayingthatnapsaregoodforeveryoneinanyclimate.Adailynapgivesoneamorerestedbodyandmindandthereforeisgoodforhealthingeneral.Incountrieswherenapsaretraditionalpeopleoftensufferlessfromproblemssuchasheartdisease.Manyworkingpeopleunfortunatelyhavenotimetotakenaps.Thoughdoctorsmayadvisetakingnapsemployersdonotallowit!Ifyoudohavethechancehoweverhereareafewtipsaboutmakingthemostofyournap.Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.AshortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterwarD.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtimetryashortnap—eventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.33.Whydoyousometimesfeelsleepyintheearlyafternoon?A.Becauseyoueattoomuchforlunch.B.Becauseit’shotinsummer.C.Becauseyourbodytemperaturegoesdownatthattime.D.Becauseyoudidn’thaveagoodsleeplastnight.34.Whatcanwelearnaboutnapsaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Allthepeopleinwarmerclimatestakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.B.Doctorsneedtotakenapswhileemployersdon’t.C.Ifyoutakenapseverydayyou’11neversufferfromheartdisease.D.Takingnapsregularlyisbeneficialtopeople’shealth.35.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Ifyougetupat630amyou’dbettertakeanapatabout130pm.B.Takinganapwheneveryouwantwilldogoodtoyourhealth.C.Youwillfeellesssleepyifyousleepforalongtime.D.You’11feelsleepyatregularintervals间隔.

Mostcellphonecompaniesdesignmodelsespeciallyforkids.Butparentsareusuallytheonesbuyingthephones.AccordingtoaJuly2012study56%ofparentsofchildrenaged8to12havegiventheirchildrenacellphonE.ThenumbergoesupwithagE.Thestudyjustproveswhatmanypeoplealreadyguessed:manykidsifnotmosthavetheirowncellphones.Accordingtoarecentsurvey12isthemagicnumber.ItisthemostcommonageforkidstogettheirfirstcellphonE.But13%ofchildrenaged6to10alreadyhaveonE.Peoplewhoareforkids’usingcellphonesincludingmanyparentsnoticethatcellphoneshelpkidskeepintouchwiththeirfriendsandfamilies.Theybelievethatcellphonesareanimportanttoolinadangeroussituation.Kidscanreachtheirparentsatalltimes.Andsomepeoplesayhavingacellphonehelpsteachkidstoberesponsible.Somecellphonesdesignedforkidscanbesettoonlyworkwhenparentsapprove同意.What’stheharminthat?Butotherpeopleareworriedaboutthehealthandsafetyeffectsofkids’cellphones.TheybelievethatkidswithcellphoneswillspendlesstimeplayingoutsidewithfriendsandthatsendingtextmessagesormakingphonecallswhiledoinghomeworkmakesitdifficultforkidstoconcentratE.Theysaythatkidsarespendingtoomuchtimetextinginsteadoftalkingtoeachother.OurbrainsdevelopedtocommunicatefacetofacesaysGarySmallateacherattheUCLASchoolofMedicineinCaliforniA.Alotofthisislostwithtexting.Anotherworryiscyberbullying网络欺凌whichisontheriseasmorekidsusee-mailandtextmessagestocommunicatE.Andsomeexpertsareworriedaboutpossiblehealthrisks.TheyworrythatenergywavesproducedbycellphonescouldbeharmfultoyoungpeoplE.TobesafeparentsshouldnotletthemtalklongonthephonE.16.Bymentioningtheresultsofarecentstudytheauthorwantstoshowthat.A.notallcellphonesmeetkids’needsB.manykidshavetheirowncellphonesC.notallparentsbuytheirkidscellphonesD.kidswhoareoldenoughshouldhavecellphones17.Paragraph3mainlytalksabout.A.howtomakekidsbecomeresponsibleB.thepopularityofcellphonesamongkidsC.howkidscanreachtheirfriendsandfamiliesD.supporters’opinionsonkids’usingcellphones18.Cellphonescanbebadforkidsbecause.A.kidsreducepersonalcommunicationB.kidsspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesC.kidsdon’twanttodotheirhomeworkathomeD.cellphoneshaveabadinfluenceonkids’brains19.What’sGarySmall’sattitudetowardstexting?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heknowslittleaboutit.C.Heisagainstit.D.Heisfondofit.20.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A.there’recellphonesspeciallydesignedforkidsonthemarketB.kidsaged6to10havemorecellphonesthankidsatotheragesC.kidswhohavecellphoneshavefewerfriendsthanthosewhodon’tD.cellphoneshelpkidsimprovetheirrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilies

WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditsteamywarmdampandthick.Butifyouhadbeentherearound15000yearsagoduringthelasticeagewouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30yearsscientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsmighthavereactedtothecolddryclimateoftheiceagesbuttillnownoonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtosolveglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givenoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttothefutureclimatechange?IfitgetsdrierwillitsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.Unfortunatelycollectinginformationisincrediblydifficult.Tostudythepastclimatescientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollen花粉keptinlakemudGoingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdownintolakesediments沉淀物whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpathsorplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforestbutthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscompletelyunsampled未取样.SofaronlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonforestreactstoclimatechangE.25.Howdoscientistsstudythepastclimatechange?A.BypredictingtheclimatechangeinthefuturE.B.Bydrillingdowndeepintolandsediments.C.ByanalyzingfossilizedpolleninlakemuD.D.BytakingsamplesfromriversintheAmazon.26.Whyisitdifficulttocollectinformationaboutthepastclimatechange?A.Becausescientistscan'tfindproperequipmentandmachinery.B.Becauseitisverydifficulttoobtaincompletesamples.C.BecausehelicoptersandaeroplaneshavenoplacetolanD.D.Becausenoneofthecoresprovideanyinformation.27.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.A.medicaljournal.B.A.newsreportC.A.travelbrochurE.D.A.sciencemagazinE.28.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.A.SecretsoftheRainforestB.ClimatesoftheAmazonC.TheHistoryoftheRainforestD.ChangesoftheRainforest

Adultsusuallydonotremembermostofthethingsthataretaughtbytheirteachersatschool.ButthisstoryisonesuchlessonthatIwillneverforget.EverytimeIdriftoffcourseIthinkofthisstory.ItwasanormalMondaymorningandmyteacherwasteachingusonimportantthingsinlifeandaboutdevotingourselvestowhatisimportanttous.Thisishowthestorywent.AnoldmanlivedinacertainpartofLondonandhewouldwakeupeverymorningandgotothesub-way.HewouldgetontothetrainrighttoCentralLondonandthensitatthestreetcorner角落andbeg.HewoulddothiseverysingledayofhislifE.Hesatatthesamestreetcornerandbeggedforalmost20years.Hishousewasdirtyandastench恶臭cameoutofthehouseanditsmelledterriblE.TheneighborscouldnotstandthesmellanymoresotheycalledforthepoliceofficerstocleartheplacE.TheofficersknockeddownthedoorandcleanedthehousE.Thereweresmallbagsofmoneyalloverthehousethathehadcollectedovertheyears.Thepolicecountedthemoneyandtheysoonrealizedthattheoldmanwasamillionaire百万富翁.Theywaitedoutsidehishouseexpectingtosharethegoodnewswithhim.WhentheoldmanarrivedhomethateveningoneoftheofficerstoldhimthattherewasnoneedforhimtobeganymoreashewasarichmannowamillionairE.Buttheoldmansaidnothingatall;hewentintohishouseandlockedthedoor.Thenextmorninghewokeupasusualwenttothesubwaysatatthestreetcornerandcontinuedtobeg.Clearlythisoldmanhadnogreatplansdreamsoranythingsignificant有意义的forhislifE.Welearnnothingfromthisstorybutstayingfocusedonthethingsweenjoydoing.24.Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmaymean.A.IgettiredoflearningmysubjectsB.IfailtolistentolessonsattentivelyC.IgointhewrongdirectionoflifeD.Iwouldn'tliketogotoschool25.Theneighborcalledthepolicebecause.A.theoldmankeptbeggingmoneyfromthemeverydayB.therewassomethingdangerousintheoldman'shouseC.theoldmanwouldn'tbuyticketsforthetrainD.theycouldn'tbearthesmellfromtheoldman'shouse26.Whentheoldmanknewhewasamillionairehe.A.remainedcalmB.becameexcitedC.feltworriedD.becamenervous27.Whatlessondowelearnfromthestory?A.MakegreatplansforyourlifE.B.KeepondoingwhatyoulikE.C.Dosomethingthatisgoodtosociety.D.Dependonyourselfratherthanothers.

Clevernessisagiftwhilekindnessisachoice.Giftsareeasy—they’regivenafterall.Choicecanbehard.IgottheideatostartAmazon16yearsago.IcameacrossthefactthattheInternetusagewasgrowingat2300percentperyear.I’dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfastandtheideaofbuildingallonlinebookstorewithmillionsoftitleswasveryexcitingtomE.Ihadjustturned30yearsoldandI’dbeenmarriedforayear.ItoldmywifeMacKenziethatIwantedtoquitmyjobandgotodothiscrazythingthatprobablywouldn’tworksincemoststart-upsdon’tandIwasn’tsurewhattoexpect.MacKenzietoldmeIshouldgoforit.AsayoungboyI’dbeenagarageinventor.I’dalwayswantedtobeallinventorandshewantedmetofollowmypassion.IwasworkingatafinancialfirminNewYorkCitywithabunchofverysmartpeopleandIhadabrilliantbossthatImuchadmired.IwenttomybossandtoldhimIwantedtostartacompanysellingbooksontheInternet.HetookmeonalongwalkinCentralParklistenedcarefullytomeandfinallysaidThatsoundslikeareallygoodideabutitwouldbeanevenbetterideaforsomeonewhodidn’talreadyhaveagoodjob.That1ogicmadesomesensetomeandheconvincedmetothinkaboutitfor48hoursbeforemakingafinaldecision.SeeninthatlightitreallywasadifficultchoicebutfinallyIdecidedIhadtogiveitashot.Ididn’tthinkI’dregrettryingandfailing.AndIsuspectedIwouldalwaysbehauntedbyadecisiontonottryatall.AftermuchconsiderationItookthelesssafepathtofollowmypassionandI’mproudofthatchoice.Forallofusintheendweareourchoice.28.Whatinspiredtheauthorwiththeideaofbuildinganonlinebookstore?A.Hisdreamofbeinganinventor.B.Thesupportofhiswife.C.ThegreatlyincreasingusageoftheInternet.D.Millionsofexcitingtitles29.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Theideaofnottryingwouldkeepcomingtohismindanddisturbhim.B.Hewouldbeveryexcitedifhetrieditout.C.Bewouldbealwayshavingadoubtifhedidn’ttry.D.Thedecisiontonottrytheonlinebookstorewouldterrifyhim.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ClevernessandKindnessB.TheStartingofAmazonC.FollowingMyPassionD.WeAreWhatWeChoose31.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thebossthoughttheideawassuitablefortheauthorB.theauthorwantedsomeoneelsetotrytheideaC.theauthormightnotregretifhefailedtheideaD.theauthormightgobacktohisbossifhefailed

MotorcarswerefirstmadeinEnglandjustbefore1900.ThepartsforthebodiesandengineswerehandmadeandthecarswerebuiltfromthesE.OneatatimE.Thistookalongtimeandthecarscostalotofmoney.ThenaquickerandcheaperwayofmakingcarswasfounD.Insteadofmakingallthepartsattheirownworks.Somecarfactoriesaskedotherfactoriestomakesomeofthem.Allthepartswerethenfittedtogetherinthecarfactories.Moderncar-makingfactoriesaresolargethateachoneisreallyalotoffactoriesclosetogether.Eachworkshopmakessomeparts.Thepiecesofacarbodyarejoinedtogetherbywelders电焊工.Allthebitsandpiecesthatmakeupeachcararecollectedandputreadyfortheassemblyline装配线wheretheyarefittedtogether.1.Thefirstmotorcarswereprobablymadeby______.A.EuropeansB.theWhitesC.theBlacksD.theEnglish2.Over100yearagopeoplehadtospendalongtimeonmotorcarsas______.A.newwaysofmakingthemwerejustfoundthenB.thepartsofthebodiesandenginesweremadebyhanD.C.allthepartsofthemweremadeattheirownfactoriesD.bothB.andC.3.A.quickerandcheaperwayofmakingmotorcarswas______.A.foundin1900B.thatallpartsofmotorcarswerenolongermadebyhandC.theonethattheyshouldbemadeinalargecarfactoriesD.thedifferentpartsofmotorcarswereproducedindifferentworks4.Moderncar-makingfactoriesmeans______A.thefactorieswhichmoderncarsaremakingatB.thefactorieswherecarsaremadebymodernworkersC.thenewfactoriesatwhichcarsarebeingmadeD.thefactorieswheremoderncarsaremade5.Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe______.A.MotorCarsB.TheAssemblyLinE.C.ModernFactoriesD.QuickerandCheaperCars

Theearthisdyingbeforeusyetwesitandwatch.IftheTVorthegamesystembreakswerunofftothestorestogetitfixedimmediatelynomatterwhatthecost.Whyaren’twewillingtofixourearth?Areourtelevisionsandgamesystemsmoreimportanttousthanwherewelive?Whereshallwecontinuetoliveuntiltheendoftime?TheearthisourhomeandcannotbereplaceD.Wemusttakecareofit.Wehavecomeupwithsomuchtechnologythatlimitsusinsteadofhelpingus.Takethatgamesystemweruntorepair.Whatdoesitdo?Itoccupieskids’time!TheearthhasalreadygivenkidsplentyofentertainmentintheformsoffieldsandhillsforestsandplainswaterandlanD.Howeverinsteadofusingwhattheearthhasgivenusandhelpingkidsbygivingthemexerciseastheyrunaroundwedecidetoruinkids’mindswithgamesystemsthatgluethemtothescreenforhoursandmakethemignoretheirhomeworkandchores.Wehavepollutedthisearthbymakingthesethingsthatdonotevenhelpusinanyway!WehavealreadymessedupthisworlD.We’veruinedtheairwaterandanimalsthatithassowillinglyprovidedforus.WeneedtostopthisdestructionoflifeandbringbacktheworldwehadbeforE.Itwillnotbeeasybuteverybodycanhelp!Whataboutsomethingassimpleasturningthelightsoffwhenyouleavearoom?Recyclingwhatcanberecycled?Pickinguplitter?Donatingmoneytoanenvironmentalorganization?NoneofthesethingsareveryharD.Wecan’tjustalwayssayOhtheearthisamess.Ahwellthosebigcompaniesthatarepollutingsomuchcanstopandfixit.Insteadweneedtohelpout.It’snotonlythosebigcompanies;it’severydaythingsthatwedotoothatareruiningtheearth.Sostopandthinkaboutwhatyoucandotomakeadifferencetoourworld!25.W.hydoestheauthormentiontelevisionsandgamesystemsinParagraph1?A.Tomakepeoplebetterawareoftheurgencytotheprotectionoftheearth.B.ToexposethegreatharmdonetotheearthbytoomuchtechnologywastE.C.Toshowtherelationshipbetweenoveruseofthosethingswithearlydeath.D.Toremindpeopletospendlessonthemandusethesavedmoneyinawiserway.26.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthor______.A.thinkswemusttakecareofourirreplaceablehome—theearthB.thinksrunningaroundinfieldsoccupiestoomuchofkids’timeC.takesanextremelynegativeattitudetothingslikegamesystemsD.takesitforgrantedthattechnologygiveskidsplentyofentertainment.27.Wecanclearlyfeelthattheauthorwrotethispassagewithdeep_____.A.gratitudeB.regretC.emotionD.hatred28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tocriticizethosebigcompaniesthatruintheearth.B.Toaskpeopletosavekidsfromtheharmdonebypollution.C.Togivekidsplentyofentertainmentinaclearenvironment.D.Tocallonpeopletostopruiningtheearth.

September212050----AtapressconferencetodayitwasannouncedthatthefirsttouristheadingforMarswillbethe38-year-oldUSbusinessmanPatrickClifforD.HewillleavetheearthinthelaunchingwindowofJune2052andsethisfootonthesurfaceofMarsinNovembertogetherwiththeother6astronautsassignedforthemissiontofurtherexploretheplanet.Patrickhasnowtwoyearsoftrainingaheadofhimtogetreadyforthetrip.NotonlywillhespendfivemonthsingettingtoMarsbutanother600daystherebeforehecangobackhomE.PatrickwasofcourseveryexcitedThishasbeenmydreamsinceIwasfourandseeingthefirstmanonMars20yearsagomademerealizethatitwaspossiblE.Tobeabletopaythe$1.3billionforhisticketforthetripPatricksoldhismajoritystake股份inthecompanyhisfatherhadbuilt.IknowthatmyfatherwouldhavebeenproudofmeifhehadstillbeenalivetodayheknewwhatthismeanstomesaysPatrick.ThereisnoriskthoughthatyouwillfindPatrickbegginginyourstreetcornerwhenhecomesbackbutitissaidthathewaspaidtwiceasmuchforhispartofthecompany.Sohowishegoingtospendhis600daysontheredplanet?WellsinceIdon’thaveajobwhenIgetbackaftersellingthecompanyIhaveplentyoftimetocomeupwithanewbusinessideahesaysandlaughs.Ifhebringsashovel铁锹hecanstartbuildingthefirsthoteltherebutmaybeheshouldn’texpecttoomanyguestsuntilsomeonecanofferacheaperticket.13.HowlongwillPatrickCliffordbeawaybeforehecomesback?A.AboutfivemonthsB.AbouttwoyearsC.About600daysD.About750days14.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph3meansthat.A.thetripwillturnPatrickintoabeggarB.PatrickwillgetmuchmoneyfromthetripC.weneedn’tworryaboutPatrick’seconomicconditionD.it’slikelythatPatrickwillbeverypoorafterhecomesback15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.PatrickisanoptimisticmanB.A.totalofsixpeoplewillgotoMarsC.Patrick’sfatherfeltexcitedatthenewsD.Patrickwillspendallhismoneyonthetrip

Coralreefs珊瑚礁arenotjustbeautifultolookatbutalsoveryuseful.Theyshelternearly25％ofoceanlifeandprovidefoodforbillionsofpeople.Howeverlikemanyotherspeciesthisamazingecosystem生态系统isindangerofdyingout!Therearetwomainreasonsforthedestruction破坏—therisingcarbondioxidelevelscausedbyglobalwarmingaswellashumaninfluenceslikebottomoperation.Whilenotmuchcanbedoneabouttheformerthelosscausedbythelattercanbereduced.Bottomoperationinvolvesdroppingnetstotheoceanbedandthendraggingthemupwhenfilledwithfish.Thisactiondamagedtheoceanfloorcausingthecoralbranchestoseparatefromthereefs.Whilethatisverydiscouragingthegoodnewsisthatifthesebranchesarefoundquicklytheycanbesaved.Atpresentthatworkisbeingperformedbyvolunteerdivers.Butthemethodhasonlylimitedsuccessbecausetheycannotstaylongunderwaternorreachdepthsofover200meterswheresomeofthedeep-seacoralgrows.HoweverthisisnotthecaseforCoralbots—therobotsthatcanconstantlyseekoutbrokenbranches.Ateamof‘coralbots’eachworkingtosimpleruleswillpiecetogether’damagedbitsofcoralallowingthemtoregrow重生.Theyareprogrammedtobeabletotellthedifferencesbetweenotherthingsandthecoral.Therobotsworktogetheringroupssimilartobees.Ifonecoralbotisdamagedthentheotherswillstillbeabletocompletethetask.DrLea-AnneHenrysaidTheprojectofusingcoralbotsoffersusthepossibilitytorestore修复thefunctionofreefs.Itisinthefinalstageoftesting.OncereadytheresearchershopetobuildhundredsofthemandusethemeffectivelyinthewatersoffScotlandandthenhopefullyintheoceansacrosstheworld.28.Whichofthefollowingisacauseofthedangerthatcoralreefsarefacing________.A.Theappearanceofnewcreatures.B.Theseriouslypollutedseawater.C.Theactivitiesofvolunteerdivers.D.Humanactivitieslikebottomoperation.29.Comparedwithvolunteerdiverscoralbots________.A.canstaylongerunderwaterB.mustworkasbeesdoC.candistinguishwhatiscoralD.canneverbedamaged30.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminthelastparagraphreferto________.A.Coralbots.B.Brokenbranches.C.Workingbees.D.Bitsofcoral.31.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________.A.bottomoperationhasaffectedmostunderwatercreaturesB.brokenbranchesofcoralcanregrowifsavedintimeC.hundredsofthecoralbotshaveworkedwellintheoceansD.withthecoralbotsalldamagedcoralreefscanberestored

Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisionsintheirhomesfewerandfewerpeoplewillbuybooksandnewspapers.WhyreadanarticleinthenewspaperwhentheTVnewscanbringyoutheinformationinafewminutesandwithpictures?Whyreadthelifestoryofafamousmanwhenashorttelevisionprogramcantellyouallthatyouwanttoknow?Televisionhasnotkilledreadinghowever.Todaynewspaperssellinverylargenumbers.AndbooksofeverykindaresoldmorethaneverbeforE.Booksarestillacheapwaytogetinformationandenjoyment.Althoughsomebookswithhardcoversareexpensivemanybooksareprintedtodayaspaperbacks平装本whicharequitecheap.A.paperbackcollectionofshortstoriesforexampleisalwayscheaperthananeveningatthecinemaorthetheaterandyoucankeepabookforeverandreaditmanytimes.BooksareawonderfulproviderofknowledgeandpleasureandsometypesofbooksshouldbeineveryhomE.Everyhomeshouldhaveagooddictionary.A.goodencyclopedia百科全书thoughexpensiveisusefultoobecauseyoucanfindinformationonanysubject.Besidesyoucanhavesuchbooksashistorybookssciencetextbookcookbooksandcollectionsofstoriesandpoems.Thenfromtimetotimeyoucantakeabookofpoemsoffyourshelvesandreadthethoughtsandfeelingsofyourfavoritepoets.29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.TVprogramsareachiefproviderofknowledgeB.cinemasarethebestchoiceingettinginformationC.readingisacheapwayoflearningandhavingfunD.newspapersareanexpensivewaytoenjoyoneself30.WhatdoesthesentencesTelevisionhasnotkilledreadinghoweverunderlinedinthesecondparagraphsuggest?A.Peopleonlyneedreadingthough.B.Readingisstillnecessarytoday.C.Readingismorefunthantelevision.D.Watchingtelevisiondoesn'thelpreading.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Fewerandfewerpeoplewillbuybooks.B.A.gooddictionaryshouldbekeptineveryhomE.C.Bookswithhardcoverssellbetterthanpaperbooks.D.MorepeoplelikeTVprogramsaboutfamousmen.

PlanningfortheweatherNomatterwhattimeofyearyouvacationinSanDiegobesuretobringalightjacketorsweaterandbringshorts.Duringoursummermonthswehavewarmdaysbutcooleveningsespeciallyifyouareneartheocean.Thosecooleveningscanfeelcoldandfreshifyouarevisitingfromsomeplacethatistypicallyhotanddampallsummer.Andduringourwintermonthswecanhavedaysthatreach80degreesFahrenheit27degreesCelsius.InfactourwintermonthsarethesunniestmonthsoftheyearalongtheSanDiegocoast.HowtogetaroundSanDiegoDecidingwhetheryouneedtorentacarforyourvisittoSanDiego?IfyouareplanningtovisitattractionsinandarounddowntownSanDiegoincludingSeaWorldSanDiegoZooBalboaParkOldTownCoronadoandtheGaslampQuarteralloftheseattractionscanbereadilyaccessedbypublictransportationassumingthehotelorplaceyouarestayinginisclosetoabusortrolleystop.Tourguestscommentonhoweasyitistouseourtransportationsystemhowcleanitisandthelowcostforaone-dayormulti-daypassthatworksonbothbusesandtrolleys.HoweverifyouaregoingtovisitattractionsfurtherawayfromdowntownSanDiegosuchastheSafariParkorLegolandorifyouwanttovisitourlocalmountainsordesertwerecommendacarrental.HowtomaketimeforallthethingstodoOurfinaltipfornowistoplanaheaD.Unlikemostcitieswheretheremaybeafewconcentratedtouristareasandit’seasytofindthingsasyougoSanDiegooffershundredsofattractionsandgueststellustheyareoverwhelmedandcertainlydidn’tplanenoughtimeoncetheyfindhowmuchthereistodoinSanDiego.ManyguestsvisitSanDiegoaspartofanextendedtripthatincludesSanFranciscoandLosAngeles.TheyoftenplanfewerdaysinSanDiegobecausetheyassumeitisthesmallestcitywiththeleasttoofferonlytosaytheywishedtheyhadplannedmoredaysinSanDiegobecauseitoffersmorethingstodoinamuchmorerelaxingenvironment.Byplanningaheadyoucanalsogetdiscountsforvariousattractions.ForexampleyoucansavealotofmoneyatSeaWorldifyoubuyyourticketsinadvanceonlineatavisitorcenterorthroughyourhotel.AnotherreasontoplanaheadisthatsomeattractionscloseearlyorgetsoldoutsinceSanDiegoisabigdestinationformajorconventionsandbigcompaniesbringinginemployeesfromaroundtheworldforspecialeventsinbeautifulsunnySanDiego.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BriefIntroductiontoSanDiegoB.TipsforVisitingSanDiegoC.AttractionsinandaroundSanDiegoD.ReasonsforVisitingSanDiego47.WecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatinSanDiego.A.thesummermonthsarethesunniestoftheyearB.theweatherissuitableforatourallyearroundC.theweatheralongthecoastismostpleasantD.thewintermonthsaretypicallyverycold48.You’dbetterrentacarifyouaretovisit.A.theGaslampQuarterB.SanDiegoZooC.theSafariParkD.BalboaPark49.WhymaysomeguestsfeelregretfulwhentheyarriveinSanDiego?A.Becausetheycan’tfindcheapandfinehotelstostayin.B.BecausetherearefewertouristattractionsthanexpecteD.C.Becausethetransportationsystemthereisunsatisfactory.D.Becausetheyhaven’tplannedenoughtimetovisitthecity.

Ifyouthinkahigh-factorsunscreen防晒霜keepsyousafefromharmfulraysyoumaybewrong.Researchinthisweek’sNatureshowsthatwhilefactor50reducesthenumberofmelanomas黒瘤anddelaystheiroccurrenceitcan’tpreventthem.Melanomasarethemostaggressiveskincancers.YouhaveahigherriskifyouhaveredorblondhairfairskinblueorgreeneyesorsunburneasilyorifacloserelativehashadonE.Melanomasaremorecommonifyouhaveperiodicintenseexposuretothesun.Otherskincancersareincreasinglylikelywithlong-termexposurE.Thereiscontinuingdebateastohoweffectivesunscreenisinreducingmelanomas---theevidenceisweakerthanitisforpreventingothertypesofskincancer.A.2011Australianstudyof1621peoplefoundthatpeoplerandomlyselectedtoapplysunscreendailyhadhalftherateofmelanomasofpeoplewhousedcreamasneedeD.A.secondstudycomparing1167peoplewithmelanomasto1101whodidn'thavethecancerfoundthatusingsunscreenroutinelyalongsideotherprotectionsuchashatslongsleevesorstayingintheshadedidgivesomeprotection.Thisstudysaidotherformsofsunprotection---notsunscreen---seemedmostbeneficial.Thestudyreliedonpeoplerememberingwhattheyhaddoneovereachdecadeoftheirlivessoit'snotentirelyreliablE.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.Manypeoplealsodon'tusesunscreenproperly---applyinginsufficientamountsfailingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworrying---recentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.ThegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomaratesasshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummeritwouldbebestforustootosliponashirtslopon抹上sunscreenandslaponahat.12.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposurE.D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.13.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1621people?A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.B.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.C.IrregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangooD.D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.14.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.B.StayingintheshadewheneverpossiblE.C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.

ForeightyfourdaysoldSantiagohadnotcaughtasinglefish.AtfirstayoungboyManolinhadsharedhisbadfortunebutafterthefortiethlucklessdaytheboy'sfathertoldhissontogoinanotherboat.FromthattimeonSantiagoworkedalonE.TheboylovedtheoldfishermanandalwayshelpedhimwithmoneyandfooD.UsuallytheywouldtalkaboutthefishtheyhadtakeninluckiertimesoraboutAmericanbaseballaftersupperwhileatnightaloneinhiscottageSantiagodreamedoflionsonthebeachesofAfricawherehehadgoneonasailingshipyearsbeforE.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.Ontheeighty-fifthdaySantiagosetofftofishbeforedawn.Twoofhisbaits饵werefreshtunas金枪鱼theboyhadgivenhim.Thenhesethislineswhichwentstraightdownintodeepdarkwater.AsthesunrosehesawotherboatsintowardshorE.A.manofwarbirdshowedhimwheredolphinwerechasingsomeflyingfish.ThistimeSantiagosawtunajumpinginthesunlight.A.smallonetookthehookonhislinE.PullingthefishaboardtheoldmanthoughtitagoodfortunE.Towardnoonamarlinacommonfishintheseastartedeatingthebaitwhichwasonehundredmetersdown.GentlytheoldmanplayedthefishabigoneasheknewfromtheweightonthelinE.Atlasthestrucktosettlethehook.ThefishdidnotcomeoutofthesurfacE.Insteaditbegantopulltheboattothenorthwest.Theoldmanfollowedit.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.Hewaitedpatientlyforthefishtobetired.Itbecamecoldafterthesunset.SuddenlythemarlinleanedpullingSantiagoforwardonhisfaceandcuttinghischeek.Bydawnhislefthandwascramped抽筋的.Thefishhadheadednorthward;therewasnolandinsight.Hungryhecutpiecesfromthetunaandchewedthemslowly.ThatmorningthefishjumpeD.SeeingitleapSantiagoknewhehadhookedthebiggestmarlinhehadeverseen.Thenthefishwentdownandturnedtowardtheeast.Santiagodrankalittlewaterfromthebottleduringthehotafternoon.ClosetonightfalladolphintookthesmallhookhehadbaiteD.Helifteditaboardcareful.Afterhehadrestedhecutmeatfromthedolphinandkeptalsothetwoflyingfishhefoundinitsstomach.Thatnightheslept.HeawoketofeelthelinerunningthroughhisfingersasthefishjumpeD.Makingthelinelooseslowlyhetriedtotirethemarlin.Afterthefishsloweditsrunhewashedhiscuthandsinseawaterandateoneoftheflyingfish.AtsunrisethemarlinbegantocirclE.Faintanddizzyheworkedtobringthebigfishnearerwitheachturn.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon鱼叉.Thefishwastwofeetlongerthantheboat.NofishlikeithadeverbeenseeninHavanaharbor.AnhourlaterhesightedthefirstsharkafierceMakoanditcameinfasttochaseafterthedeadmarlin.Theoldmanstruckthesharkwithhisharpoon.TheMakorolledandsankcarryingtheharpoonwithitandleavingthemarlinbloody.HeknewthesmellwouldspreaD.Watchinghesawtwosharksclosingin.Hestruckatonewithhisknifeandwatcheditslidingdownintodeepwater.Hekilledtheotherwhileittoreatthefleshofthemarlin.Whenthethirdappearedhethrust刺itwiththeknifE.Theothersharkscameatsunset.Atfirsthetriedtobeatthemwiththetiller舵柄fromtheboatbuthishandswerebleedingandthereweretoomanyintheseA.Inthedarknessashesteered掌舵towardtheharborofHavanaheheardthemhittingtheboatagainandagain.Buttheoldmanthoughtonlyofhissteeringandhisgreattiredness.Hehadgoneouttoofarandthesharkshadbeatenhim.Heknewtheywouldleavehimnothingbutthestrippedskeletonofthebigmarlin.Alllightswereoutwhenhesailedintothelittleharborandbeachedhisboat.Hecouldjustmakeoutthewhitebackboneandtheupstandingtailofthefish.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.Inhiscottagehefellonhisbedandwenttosleep.65.Theabovestoryismostlikelytobeadaptedfrom__________.A.TheAdventuresOfTomSawyerB.TheOldManAndTheSeaC.TheSonOfTheSeaD.TreasureIsland66.AccordingtothetextwhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutManolin?A.TheboyleftSantiagoatlast.B.TheboyhadmercyonSantiago.C.TheboywasSantiago'sadoptedson.D.TheboyshowedhisgreatconcernstoSantiago.67.Whydidthemanfeelthathecouldbeluckythistime?A.Becausealotofsharksfollowedhisboat.B.BecauseasmalltunatookthehookonhislinE.C.BecausehedreamedabouttheAmericanlions.D.Becausehesawmanyflyingfishwerechasedbythedolphins.68.WhydoesSantiagoletthemarlinleadhisboatinsteadofpullingthebigfishup?A.Hewastootiredandhungrytopullthebigfishup.B.Hewantedtousethemarlinasabaittocatchthesharks.C.Hisexperiencetoldhimnottodosobeforethefishwastiredout.D.Hewantedtokillthemarlinfirstbeforehepulledituptotheboat.69.WhichsentencebelowcanbeusedtobestdescribeSantiago'scharacter?A.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.inParA.1B.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.inParA.4C.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon.inParA.5D.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.inParA.670.Accordingtothetextwhatwillbetalkedaboutnext?A.People'sreflectionwhentheysawthegiantmarlin’sskeletonoutsidE.B.A.funeralheldbytheboyandthelocalpeopleafterhisdeath.C.Santiago’sactiontorealizehisdreamaboutthelions.D.Santiago’sstruggleagainstsharks.

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterallyouprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.Howevertheysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.Doyouknowwhataterritoryis?A.territoryisanareathatananimalusuallythemaleclaims声称asitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespecies物种arewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyouyoumightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.Ifsoyouhaveactuallyscaredthestrangerawaywithouthavingtofighthim.Abirddoesthesamething.Butheexpectsanoutsideralmostanytimeespeciallyatnesting筑巢season.Soheisscreamingallthetimewhetherhecanseeanoutsiderornot.Thisscreamingiswhatwecallabird’ssonganditisusuallyenoughtokeepanoutsideraway.Birdssingloudestinthespringwhentheyaretryingtoattractamateandwarnothersnottoentertheterritoryoftheirs.Youcanseethatbirdshavealanguagealltheirown.Mostofithassomethingtodowithattractingmatesandsettingupterritories.21.Somescientistsbelievethatmostofthetimebirds’singingisactually.A.awayofwarningB.anexpressionofhappinessC.anexpressionofangerD.awayofgreeting22.Whatisabird’sterritory?A.Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepted.B.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.C.Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.D.AplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsVoice.23.Whydobirdskeeponsingingatnestingseason?A.BecausetheywanttoinvitemorefriendsB.Becausetheywanttofindoutsidersaround.C.Becausetheirsinginghelpsfrightenoutsidersaway.D.Becausetheirsinginghelpsgetridoftheirfears.24.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds’singing?A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.C.Bydescribingbirds’dailylife.D.Bytellingabird'sstory.

Plasticbagshaven’talwaysbeenPublicEnemyNo.1.Introducedin1982theysoonoccupiedthegrocerybagmarker.By199680percentofallbagsweremadefromlightweightplastics.Customerslovedthem.Theybecamethinnerlighterandabletocontainmorematerialsconveniently.ThatrestrictingthedistributionofplasticbagswillhavesignificantenvironmentalbenefitsandreducecostismostlyuntruE.Banningplasticbagswon’tbagsarefoundtobeatinypartofalllittersobanningthemhasverylittleimpactontheamountoflittergenerateD.There’snoevidencethatbanningplasticbagshasreducedlitterremovalcostsanditwon’tdomuchinthewayofreducingtrashcollectioncostseither.Intheseatheimpactmaybeevensmaller.Plasticbagshavenotcausedagiantlandfill废弃物填埋场.Sureplasticsintheoceanshaveincreasedoverthepastfourdecades.Yettheideathatthishasresultedinabiglandfillatiscontradictedbytheevidencewhichshowsthatmostplasticsintheoceansarewidelydispersed分散andintheformoftinypieces.Surveyssuggestthatmostpeoplereusetheirlightweightplasticbagsmainlyfortrashdisposalandonaverageeachoneisused1.6timesBycontrastpaperbagsaretypicallyusedonlyoncE.Thethickerplasticbagsnowbeingpromotedasreusablearetypicallyusedabout3.1times.ItisunwisetointroducerestrictionsonthedistributionofplasticbagswhichislikelytoresultinanincreaseintheoverallenvironmentalimpactofthebagsweusetoshopnottomentionthatreusablebagsarekindofdisgustingfromthepublichealthperspectivE.Puttingfoodintobagsthathavepreviouslybeenusedtocarryperishable易腐烂的itemsmaycauseahealthrisk.29.Thereasonwhyplasticbagsarepopularwithcustomersisthat.A.theyareeasytocarryB.theyaretheonlychoicE.C.theyarecheapandaffordableD.theyareavailableingroceries.30.Whydoestheauthorsaybanningplasticbagsmakesnodifferencetothequantityoflitter?A.Becauseplasticbagstakeupasmallpartofthewholelitter.B.Becausebanningplasticbagshasincreasedlitterremovalcosts.C.Becausethebanningplasticbagswon’tnecessarilymakelitterdisappear.D.Becausethebanningofplasticbagshasn’tanyenvironmentalbenefits.31.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph3impliesthat.A.mostoftheplasticscanbewellrecycledatseaB.whetherplasticsgatheratseaiscontroversialC.actuallyplasticsdon’tlendtolargelandfillsatseaD.noevidenceshowsthatplasticsharmtheseA.32.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseofplasticbags?A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.CriticalD.Supportive

ThesplendidauroralightdisplaysthatappearinEarth’satmospherearoundthenorthandsouthmagnetic磁的poleswereoncemysteriousphenomenA.Nowscientistshavedatafromsatellitesandground-basedobservationsfromwhichweknowthattheaurorabrillianceisamassiveelectricaldischargesimilartothatoccurringinaneonsign.TounderstandthecauseofaurorasfirstpicturetheEarthenclosedbyitsmagnetosphere磁层ahugeregioncreatedbytheEarth’smagneticfielD.Outsidethemagnetosphererushingtowardtheearthisthesolarwindaspeedilymovingbodyofionized离子化的gaseswithitsownmagneticfielD.Chargedparticles粒子inthissolarwindspeedearthwardalongthesolarwind’smagneticlinesofforcE.TheEarth’smagnetosphereisabarriertothesolarwindsandforcesthechargedparticlesofthesolarwindtoflowaroundthemagnetosphereitself.ButinthepolarregionsthemagneticlinesofforceoftheEarthandofthesolarwindgathertogether.Heremanyofthesolarwind’schargedparticlesbreakthroughthemagnetosphereandenterEarth’smagneticfielD.TheythenrushbackandforthbetweentheEarth’smagneticpolesveryrapidlyandionizeandexcitetheatomsoftheupperatmosphereoftheEarthcausingthemtoproduceauroraradiationsofvisiblelight.Thecolorsofanauroradependontheatomsproducingthem.Theleadinggreenish-whitelightcomesfromlowenergyexcitationofoxygenatoms.Duringhugemagneticstormsoxygenatomsalsoundergohighenergyexcitationandproducepinklight.Excitednitrogen氮atomscontributebandsofcolorvaryingfrombluetoviolet.ViewedfromouterspaceaurorascanbeseenasdimlyshiningbeltswrappedaroundeachoftheEarth’smagneticpoles.Eachaurorahangslikeacurtainoflightstretchingoverthepolarregionsandintothehigherlatitudes.Whenthesolarflares闪光thatresultinmagneticstormsandauroraactivityareverystrongauroradisplaysmayextendasfarasthesouthernregionsoftheUnitedStates.58.Whatisitthatdirectlygivesoffauroralight?A.theEarth’smagneticfieldB.thesolarwind’smagneticfieldC.theEarth’sionizedparticlesD.thesolarwind’schargedparticles59.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.TheappearanceofaurorasaroundtheEarth’spoles.B.Theperiodicchangeinthedisplayofauroras.C.Thefactorsthatcausethevarietyofcolorsinauroras.D.Thecoveringareaofaurorasbasedontheircolors.60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThemagnetosphereincreasesthespeedofparticlesfromthesolarwinD.B.Thecolorofgreenish-whiteappearsleastfrequentlyinanauroradisplay.C.Earth’smagneticfieldcontributestothevarietyanddifferenceofaurora’scolors.D.ThestrengthofthesolarflareshasapositiveeffectontheextendingdistanceofaurorA.

Whoknowsaboutsleep?Astronauts宇航员.Theyhaveto.Theirbodiesarecutofffromtheoutsideworldthatreminds提醒uswhattimeitis.Butactuallyit'sevenworsethanthat.AnastronautreportedinhisdiarythathewaslikelytomakemistakesondaysfollowinganunusuallylatebedtimE.SoNASAstarteddoingsomeseriousresearch.Theyquicklyrealizedthatwe'reaslavetotheoutsideworlD.Withoutlightanddarknesswe'reunabletoregulate管理sleeptimes.Becauseofmoderntechnologywe'realllivingmorelikeastronautsnow.Lightisnolongerafunction功能ofthesunbutofalways-onindoorlightsTVandcomputerscreens.Temperaturenolongerfollowsacycleofcoolingatnightandwarmingduringtheday.IsitanywonderthatathirdofAmericanshavesleepproblems?Maybeyouthinkthisdoesn'taffectyou—oratleastnotmuch.You'rewrong.Researchdoneonnon-astronautshasshownthesamething.Aftertwoweeksofsixhoursofsleepanight;you'redrunk.Bytheendoftwoweeksthesix-hoursleepersbehavedasbadlyasthosewhohadn'tsleptfor24hours.Butwhatdidtheysaywhenaskedhowtheyfelt?It'snotaffectingmE.SoifyouareperformingpoorlybecauseofsleepproblemsyoumayhavenoideA.Thisisarealproblem.SowhatanswersdidNASAcomeupwith?TakeanhourtocalmdownbeforebeD.Yesyou'rebusy.Butyourtimeisnotmorevaluablethananastronaut's.KeepyourbedroomdarkcoolandfreefromnoisE.Evenifyouthinkthelightdoesn'taffectyouorthenoiseisn'tthatbaditcanstillaffectsleepquality.Anotheradvice:forgetthealarmclock闹钟inthemorning;setanalarmtoremindyoutogotobedatnight.Whenitgoesofffinishupanyworkonthecomputerandturnoffanyunnecessarylights.Thispreventsyoufromcheatingyourselfonsleepandallowsyoutowakeupnaturally.32.WhatdidNASAfindaboutpeople’ssleep?A.Ittakesalongtimetodevelopregularsleeptimes.B.It’sstronglyinfluencedbytheoutsideworlD.C.Itremainsuntouchedbyoutsideinfluences.D.It’shardtochangeone’ssleephabits.33.Thebiggestproblemofthosewhohaven’tenoughsleepliesinthefactthat.A.theycan’tfallasleepwithoutthelightsonB.theydon’tknowwhethertheysleepwellC.theyrefusetoregulatetheirsleeptimesD.theygettoodrunktosleepwell34.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthetextmean?A.YoushouldmakefulluseofyourtimE.B.Youcanfindthetimetogetreadytosleep.C.Youcansleeplatertofinishyourworkfirst.D.Youshouldlearnfromastronauts’wayofsleep.35.What’stheadviceonthealarmclock?A.Useittoremindyoutosleep.B.PutitfarawayfromyourbeD.C.Getupimmediatelywhenitrings.D.Paynoattentiontoitwhenitrings.

Lastnight’smeteor流星showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclildEmeraldValley’smayorpeoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecitycarryingheavytelescopesexpectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverheaD.MyfamilywassofrustratedadmittedtownresidentDuaneCosbyWewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyoutingbutitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.ThispopulationconsistsofbirdsbatsfrogssnakesetC.Forexampleoutdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating迁徙的birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.Countlessmoreanimalscasualties伤亡resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearlypeopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheireveningsbutsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumanstoo.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.ForyearsFlagstaffArizonahasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwideandamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthemsothatothercreaturescansharethenight.32.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A.MeteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbeforE.B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.33.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B.Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C.VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduceD.D.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.34.LightingregulationsinFlagstaffArizonaareputintoeffectto______.A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony35.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.

Ourenvironmentisn’tasgreenandbeautifulasitshouldbE.Therearesteel钢铁monstersblockingoutthesunblowingoutdangeroussmokeandlettingoutpoisonouschemicalsintoriverscarsproducingharmfulwastegaspeoplethrowingoutwasteinawrongwayandallotherkindsofsourcesthatruintheplanet.Facingcurrentenvironmentalproblemspeopleneedtodotheirbesttosavetheearth.Youcanseemanybiggarbagedustbinsinthestreets.They’renotthereforashowbutforyoutodropyourwastE.Weshouldrealizethatwhatwedodoescount.Sonexttimeyougetthaturgetothrowgumorachocolatepackageoutofthecarwindoworaccidentallydropasyouwalkdownthestreetaskyourselfhowmuchwasteyou’vebeencontributingtotheenvironmentwiththatbadhabitgoingonforyears.Athomethefirstthingwecandotoprotecttheenvironmentisavoidlettingwaterruncontinuouslyandmakesurethattaps水龙头arenotleaky漏的whichwouldhelpgreatlyinscrimping.Anotheristouseenergy-savinglightsandturnthemoffbeforeyouleavetherooms.Itisnotonlyenergy-savingbutalsocutsdownelectricitycosts.RecyclingisamethodtomakeitemsreusablE.Manythingsyouwanttothrowoutcanbemadeintonewproductsthroughthereproducingprocess.Useyourimaginationtocomeupwithwaysonthingsthatyoucanuseagain.Passthemessageofsimplewaystosavetheenvironmentontokids.Startingwithkidsisagoodwayofteachingthemessageearlyintheirlivesinthehopethattheycancarryitforwardastheygrowolder.Withenvironmentalprotectionawarenessinmindwecandowhatwecanfortheresultsaretohaveabigeffectontheplanet.AslongaswedoourparttheworldisonesmallstepclosertobeingsaveD.29.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorusessteelmonsterstodescribe________.A.hugebuildingsB.highmountainsC.bigfactoriesD.charactersinfairystories30.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanknowthat________.A.protectingtheenvironmentbeginswithsmallchoresB.protectingtheenvironmentshouldstartfromchildhooD.C.wonderfullifecomesfromenvironmentalprotectionD.protectingtheenvironmentbenefitsthecountryandthepeople31.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.ThemorepeopledotheirpartthegreenertheenvironmentwillbE.B.Sellingwhatyoudon’twantanymoreisakindofrecycling.C.Toprotecttheenvironmentmayhelpyousavesomemoney.D.Yourbadhabitsfortheenvironmentareavaluablecontribution.32.Thepassageismainlyabout_____________.A.theuseofgarbagedustbinsB.howtosavewaterandelectricityC.howtosavetheenvironmentD.ourcurrentenvironmentalproblems

AyoungmannamedCharlesLyellhaddifferentideas.HewroteabookaboutthemcalledPrinciplesofGeology地质学.TheearthaccordingtoLyellwasnotonlythousandsofyearsolditwasmillionsofyearsolD.Asto关于thecommonbeliefthatchangesintheearth’ssurfacehappensuddenlybecauseofasingleearthquakeorfloodhesaidthatthismighthappenonceinawhilebutusuallythesechangestookplaceveryslowly.HebelievedthatthesurfaceoftheearthhadbeenchangingfromthebeginningoftimE.Thechangeshesaidwerecausedbythelong-termactionofthewindsandseasandbyforcessuchasvolcanoesbreakingoutundertheearth’ssurfacE.OnceinagreatwhilehethoughtamountainmightappearforthefirsttimeafteranearthquakE.Butusuallymountainswouldriseslowlyandsteadily.ProfessorHenslowwasinterestedinLyell’sideasbuthedidnotactuallybelievethem.CharlesDarwincouldnotmakeuphismindaboutthem.ButtheysethimthinkingalonglineswhichwouldlaterchangethebeliefsofthoughtfulpeopleallovertheworlD.7AtCambridgeCharlesDarwinstudiedjustenoughtopasstheexaminationandreceivedhiscollegedegreein1831.Duringthistimehehadbecomemoreandmoreinterestedingeology.AttheendoftheschoolyearhewenttoNorthWaleswithoneofhisteacherstoexaminetherockformations构成andtosearchforfossils化石.Fossilsaretheremainsofancientlivingthings.Theyareusuallyfoundfixedinrocksintheearth’scrust地壳.Fossilsmaybeofanimalssuchasfishinsectsbirdsorhumans.Theymaybeofplantsfromtinyleavestohugetrees.Whenalivingcreaturediesitusuallydecays腐烂oriseatenbyanimals.Howeverifitsinksintoariverbed河床orisquicklycoveredbytheblowingsandsofadesertstormthebonesarekeptupintheearth.Overmanyyearsthesoftinnerpartsofabonedisappearleavingtheinsidehollow空的.Watercontainingmineralentersintothehollow.SlowlythemineralhardensandmakesthebonehardandheavylikestonE.1.AccordingtoCharlesLyellitismainlythattheearthhasbeenformedliketoday’sshapE.A.fromthebeginningoftimeB.pastsomeexperiencesofbigfloodC.overaverylongperiodofyearsD.becauseofseveralbigearthquakes2.CharlesLyellbelievedthefactthatamountainisformed.A.morebyseasthanbyvolcanoesB.moreslowlythansuddenlyC.morebyanearthquakethanbywindsD.moresteadilythanquickly3.ThemainpurposeofDarwin’sgoingtoNorthWaleswasto.A.makeastudyoffossilsB.appreciatetherockinformationC.todoresearchworkintodeadanimalsD.lookforplantsfromtinyleavestohugetrees4.Inwhichorderarefossilsformed?A.A.livingthingsinksintoariverbedorsands.B.Watergoesintoabonehollowtogetherwithmineral.C.Somethingsoftinabonedisappears.D.ThehardenedmineralmakestheboneharD.E.ThebonebecomeshollowinsidE.A.abcdeB.cabedC.acebdD.ecdba

Beforethegrasshasthickenedontheroadsideverges边缘andleaveshavestartedgrowingonthetreesisaperfecttimetolookaroundandseejusthowdirtyBritainhasbecomE.Thepavementsarestained污染withchewinggumthathasbeenspatoutandthegutters排水沟arefullofdiscardedfastfoodcartons纸板箱.YearsagoIremembertravellingabroadandbeingsaddenedbytheplasticbagsdiscardedbottlesandsoilednappiesattheedgeofeveryroaD.NowadaysBritainseemstolookatleastasbaD.Whathasgonewrong?TheproblemisthattherubbishcreatedbyourincreasinglymobileliveslastsalotlongerthanbeforE.Ifitisnotclearedupandproperlythrownawayitstaysintheundergrowthforyears;asemi-permanent半永久性的reminderofwhatatatty不整洁的littlecountrywehavenow.Firstlyitisestimatedthat10billionplasticbagshavebeengiventoshoppers.Thesewilltakeanythingfrom100to1000yearstorot.Howeveritisnotasifthereisnosolutiontothis.A.fewyearsagotheIrishgovernmentintroducedataxonnon-recyclablecarrierbagsandinthreemonthsreducedtheiruseby90%.WhenhewasaministerMichaelMeacherattemptedtointroduceasimilararrangementinBritain.TheplasticsindustryprotestedofcoursE.Howevertheyneednothavebothered;theideawaskilledbeforeitcoulddrawbreathleavingsupermarketsfreetogiveawayplasticbags.Whatisclearlynecessaryrightnowissomesortofcombinedinitiative首创精神bothindividualandcollective集体beforeitistoolatE.Thealternativeistocontinueslidingdownhilluntilwehaveacountrythatlookslikeavastmunicipalrubbishtip.Wemaywellbeatthetippingpoint.Yetweknowthatpeoplerespondtotheirenvironment.Ifthingsaroundthemarecleanandtidypeoplebehavecleanlyandtidily.Iftheyaresurroundedbysqualor肮脏的theybehavesqualidly.NowmuchofBritainlooksprettysqualid卑劣的.Whatwillitlooklikeinfiveyears?12.Accordingtothewriterthingsusedtobe.A.badabroaD.B.goodabroaD.C.betterabroaD.D.worsebutnowthingsarebetterabroaD.13.WhenMichaelMeacherwasaministerhe.A.followedtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.B.triedtofollowtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.C.madenoattempttofollowtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.D.hadproblemswiththeplasticsindustrywhoweren'tbotheredaboutthetax.14.Thewriterthinks.A.itistoolatetodoanythingtosolvetheproblem.B.weareatthetippingpointtosolvetheproblem.C.thereisnoalternativetosolvetheproblem.D.weneedtoworktogethertosolvetheproblem.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewriter’sopinion?A.peoplearesqualidandtheybehavesqualidly.B.peoplebehaveaccordingtowhattheyseearoundthem.C.peoplearecleanandtidyandbehavecleanlyandtidily.D.peoplearelikeavastmunicipalrubbishtip.

SportsshoesthatworkoutwhethertheirownerhasdoneenoughexercisetoensuretimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeeninventedintheUK.Theshoes―dubbed配音的SquareEyescontainanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.A.wirelesstransmitter发射机passestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.Thedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretocombat遏制therapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaidGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversityinLondonUK.Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodobesity过度肥胖reallystoodoutshetoldNewScientist.AndIwantedtodealwiththatwithmydesign.Oncethechildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtherecommendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestedachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethan2hoursofTV.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalsexactlyoneminuteofTVtimE.25.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.A.Newly-inventedTypeofShoesintheUKB.SmartShoesDecidingonTelevisionTimeC.NewShoesandWatchingTVintheUKD.TheProblemofChildren’sObesity26.Weknowfromthepassagethewirelesstransmitterisprobablyplacedin______.A.thepressuresensorB.thetelevisionC.thecomputerD.theshoes27.GillianSwandevelopedSquareEyesto______.A.gainenoughTVtimeB.dealwithchildhoodobesityC.encourageTVwatchingD.finishuniversitydesignproject28.TheunderlinedwordallowanceinParA.4probablymeans______.A.themoneygiventochildrenB.themoneyforwatchingTVC.thetimeofwatchingTVD.thestepstobetaken

Peoplewhosmokecouldlosearoundonethirdoftheireverydaymemoryresearcherssay.AstudybyateamattheUniversityofNorthumbriahasshownthatsmokerslosemoreoftheirmemorywhencomparedtonon-smokers.Andtheresearchalsofoundthatthosewhokickedthehabitsawtheirabilitytorecollectinformationrestoredtoalmostthesamelevelasnon-smokers.Thestudyinvolvedmorethanseventy18-to25-year-oldvolunteersandincludedatouroftheuniversity’scampus.Thosewhotookpartwereaskedtorecall回忆回想smalldetailssuchasmusicactslistedtoplayatthestudents’unionandtaskscompletedatvariouspoints---knownasareal-worldmemorytest.Smokersperformedbadlyrememberingjust59percentoftasks.Butthosewhohadgivenupsmokingremembered74percentandthosewhohadneversmokedrecalled81percentoftasks.Dr.TomHeffernanwholeadsNorthumbriaUniversity’sCollaborationforDrugandAlcoholResearchGroupsaidthefindingswouldbeusefulinanti-smokingcampaigns.HesaidGiventhatthereareupto10millionsmokersintheUKandasmanyas45millioninAmericait’simportanttounderstandtheeffectsthatsmokinghasoneverydaycognitivefunction.Thisisthefirsttimethatastudyhassetouttoexaminewhethergivingupsmokinghasaneffectonmemory.Wealreadyknowthatgivingupsmokinghashugehealthbenefitstothebodybutthisstudyalsoshowshowstoppingsmokingcanbringaseriesofbenefitstocognitivefunction.Theresearchwillnowinvestigatetheeffectsofsecond-handsmokingonmemorywhileDr.Heffernanwilllookintothird-handsmokingsuchastoxins毒素leftoncurtainsandfurniturE.45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEffectsThatSmokingHasonHealthB.NewResearchonThird-HandSmokingC.SmokersHaveMuchWorseEverydayMemoryD.Anti-SmokingCampaignsAreActiveAroundtheWorld46.Theunderlinedwordskickedthehabitinthesecondparagraphcanbereplacedby___________.A.givingupsmokingB.smokedattimesC.smokedregularlyD.hatedsmoking47.Whatwasthereal-worldmemorytestlike?A.Itneededyoungvolunteerstocompletesometasks.B.Itwasaboutmakingatouroftheuniversity’scampus.C.Itneededvolunteerstoactatthestudents’union.D.Itinvolvedatourandaprocessofrecallingsomedetails.48.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat___________.A.AmericahastwiceasmanysmokersastheUKB.theresearchfindingswillhelpanti-smokingcampaignsC.theeffectsofsecond-handsmokingonmemoryhavebeenfoundbythestudyD.thosewhohavestoppedsmokinghaveasgoodamemoryasnon-smokers

ElNinoaSpanishtermfor＂theChristchild＂wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpatternwhichhappenseverytwotosevenyearsreducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarmwatercollectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacificflowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweakenorsometimestheotherwayrounD.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbadarefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNinoonbalancethantheylosE.A.studyfoundthatastrongNinoin1997-98helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby$15billionpartlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvestfarmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.A.multi-yeardrought干旱insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworsE.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCaliforniatheyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNinoin1997-98killedaround21000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobE.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarningandsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanpreparE.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstituteODIhoweverjust12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvanceratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure基础设施canreducethespreadofdiseasE.Bettersewers下水道makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authorscivilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountrythestrongerthelink.ThoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausalhelpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeoplE.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNinoreducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.IttakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworlD.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62.WhatmayE.lNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.

MotherNaturecanbefierceandsomeofthegreatestpowersheusescomesintheformofsandstorms.Theycanbefoundacrosstheglobeandmuchliketornadoes龙卷风littleisknownaboutthem.SandandduststormscanbedeadlywiththeirsuffocatingwindsfullofsanD.Afunnythingaboutsandandduststormsisthattheyhardlyevergiveanywarning.Theycanbedetectedlikeatornadobutonlyafterithasformedadustwhirl回旋.Onaradarscreentheyappeartobeanyothermassofbadweather.Howevertheyaremuchworsethanathunderstorm.NotonlydosandstormsproducetornadoescalledsandwhirlsbuttheyinvadeeverycornertheyfinD.Ifyoucangetoutofthepathdoso.HowtosurviveasandstormwhenyoucannotrunawaySandstormscomequicklyleavingvalleylikebeachesintheirwaythatcancoveranentirehousE.Ifyouhavetostaywhereyouaregetready.Closeallwindowsanddoorsandthencoverthemwithplasticclothorcurtainswhichhavetobenailedtothewalls.Thatwillhelpkeepthemillionsoftinybitsfromenteringyourthroatandlungs.CoveralltheholesthatleadtotheoutsidE.A.basementisnotnecessarilythebestplaceasthecloudsofdustwillsinkthroughthefloors.CoveryourentirefaceandeyesifpossiblE.Bandannas头巾willworkindanger.Hunker蹲downinasealedareaboxcontainerorroomthatisinnodangerofbeingrippedawaybythefiercewinds.Ifnothingelseisavailablelayyourselfonplasticclothorsomethingmadeofanairtightmaterialandthenrollyourselfupinit.Thesmallestcrackwillletinmoresandanddustthanyourlungscanhandleforanylengthoftimeandtheseforcesofnatureusuallyhangaroundforhourscoveringeverything.Breathingthroughwetclothlikeinafiresituationwillalsohelponcethecloudsofdustarebeginningtocomein.Thewetclothstopsthedustandprovidesmoistureinadifficultsituation.8.TheunderlinedwordsuffocatinginParagraph1probablymeans________.A.lettingoutastrangenoiseB.beingfrighteningordangerousC.destroyingeverythingonthewayD.causingdifficultyinbreathing9.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Therearesandstormsonlyindeserts.B.Sandstormsoftenarrivewithoutanysign.C.Sandstormsarequitedifferentfromtornadoes.D.Thunderstormsareworsethansandstorms.10.Whatisbestforpeopletodoifasandstormcomes?A.Getoutofitswayquickly.B.Coveryourselfwithwetcloth.C.CoveryourheadwithabandannA.D.Enterabasementifyoucan.11.Whyshouldpeoplehunkerdowninasealedareaboxorcontainer?A.Becausetheywon’tbeblownawaybysandstorms.B.Becausetheycan’tberippedawaybythewinD.C.Becausetheycanstopsandordustfromcomingin.D.BecausetheycanstopthedustandprovidemoisturE.

PassengerpigeonsonceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks群solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpointthereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStatesmakingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworlD.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmalleraflockbelievedtobeamilewideand320milesabout515kilometerslongwasseennearCincinnati.Sadlytheabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundantpeoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.CommercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrainwaiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeedthenthrewlargenetsoverthemtakinghundredsatatimE.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcenturythehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwoodwhichscattered驱散theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorthwherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdeclinE.Soonthegreatflocksweregonenevertobeseenagain.In1897thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeonsbutbythennosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCountyOhioin1900.ForatimeafewbirdssurvivedunderhumancarE.ThelastofthemknownaffectionatelyasMarthadiedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember11914.24.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturiespassengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS25.Theunderlinedwordundoingprobablyreferstothepigeons’______.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution26.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.ToseekpleasurE.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.27.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.ItwasignoredbythepubliC.B.ItwasdeclaredtoolatE.C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformationarepeoplerememberingless?Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformationwhystoreitinyourownpersonalmemoryyourbrain?ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.InarecentstudyProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowhowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperimenttheygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Laterthesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagainsotheydidnottrytorememberit.Inanotherexperimenttheresearchersgavepeoplefactstorememberandtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationonthecomputer.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder文件夹.Surprisinglypeoplelaterrememberedthefolderlocation位置betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternettheydonotremembertheinformation.Rathertheyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalledtransactivememory交互记忆.AccordingtoSparrowwearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Insteadcomputerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatispeoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdatE.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligentbutthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.4.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto.A.introducethemaintopicB.showtheauthor'sattitudeC.describehowtousetheInternetD.explainhowtostoreinformation5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?A.TheSparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheinformation.D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.6.Intransactivememorypeople.A.keeptheinformationinmindB.changethequantityofinformationC.organizeinformationlikeacomputerD.rememberhowtofindtheinformation7.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.C.WehavepoorermemoriesthanbeforE.D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

Doyouknowwhatcouch-potatomeans?WellinAmericathewordisnowoftenuseD.YouseeinAmericamanypeopleoftenspendtheirfreetimesittingonasofawatchingTV.Astherearemanychannels频道tochoosetheTVcanbequiteinterestingandveryaddictive使人上瘾的.OnemaysitandwatchTVforhoursandhourswithoutstop!WellthesepeoplewhodonothingalldayexceptwatchTVarecalledcouch-potatoes.InAmericawhilewatchingTVmostoftensittingstillwitheyeslookingrightintotheTVset.AlsobecausethesepeopleareaddictivetoTVtheydon’ttakeexerciseandusuallygetveryfat.Soinmanywaysthesepeoplelooklikerealpotatoes!WellbecausetheylookfatandwatchTVonacouchtheyareallcalledcouch-potatoes.Nowyouknowwhatacouch-potatomeans.ThenexttimeifyouseesomeonewatchingTVtoolongjustsayWhatacouch-potato!21.Thewordcouch-potatoisoftenusedin______.A.ChinaB.AmericaC.FranceD.Germany22.Ifapersoniscalledacouch-potatoheorshe______.A.doesnothingalldayB.mustbeveryfatC.oftenwatchesTVinhisfreetimeD.oftenlistenstomusic23.Thepassagemainly主要tellsus______.A.howtowatchTVB.whatcouch-potatomeansC.whycouch-potatoesareveryfatD.whereyoucanfindcouch-potatoes24.Whichofthefollowingsdoyouthinkmaybethewriter’ssuggestion?A.NeverwatchTV.B.Don’tsitonacouch.C.Don’twatchTVtoomuchD.Don’teattoomuch

Ifadiversurfaces浮出水面tooquicklyhemaysufferthebends减压病.Nitrogen氮dissolved溶解inhisbloodissuddenlyliberated释放bythereductionofpressurE.Theconsequenceifthebubbles气泡accumulateinajointissharppainandabentbody—thusthenamE.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbraintheconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression减压sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whalesforexamplE.Andsolongagodidichthyosaurs鱼龙.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.ThiskillsthecellsintheboneandconsequentlyweakensitsometimestothepointofcollapsE.Fossil化石bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisendheandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseumslookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassic三叠纪periodandfromthelaterJurassic侏罗纪andCretaceous白垩纪periods.Whenhestartedheassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossilsreflectingtheirgradualevolution进化ofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.InsteadhewasastonishedtodiscovertheoppositE.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydiedbutnotasingleTriassicspecimen标本showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeanstheyclearlydidsoquickly—andmoststrangelytheylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappeneD.HesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechangE.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator捕食动物suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodilesbothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceansbycontrastweremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-freE.IntheTriassicthenichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceoustheywereprey猎物aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.58.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.A.twistedbody.B.A.gradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.A.suddenreleaseofnitrogeninblooD.D.A.dropinbloodpressurE.59.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee______.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones60.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4______.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives61.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs______.A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit

D.AIdoesbetterthanhumansinsightandbalancE.Whoissmarter?A.humanbeingorartificialintelligence人工智能?ThequestionswepttheworldlastyearwhenaGoogle-developedprogramcalledAlphaGodefeatedtheworldtopplayerSouthKoreanLeeSe-del4-1.Sowhatcomesnext?SomepeoplehavebeenarguingthatartificialintelligenceorAIinshortwillbeabadthingforhumans.InaninterviewwiththeBBCin2014UKscientistStephenHawkingwarnedthatthedevelopmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldmeantheendofthehumanracE.SoarewereallyabouttoliveintheworldshownintheTerminatormovies?NotquiteansweredTheEconomist.Afterallit’snothardtogetacomputerprogramtorememberandproducefacts.Whatishardisgettingcomputerstousetheirknowledgeineverydaysituations.Wethinkthatforthehumanbeingthingslikesightandbalance视觉平衡arenaturalandordinaryinourlifE.ThomasEdisonfounderofMotionFiguresacompanythatisbringingAItoboystoldthenewspaper.Butforarobottowalkupanddownjustlikehumanbeingsrequiresvariousdecisionstobemadeeverysecondandit’sreallydifficulttodo.AsTheEconomistputitWehavealongwaytogobeforeAIcantrulybegintobesimilartothehumanbraineventhoughthetechnologycanbegreat.MeanwhileJohnMarkoffofTheNewYorkTimessaidthatresearchersshouldbuildartificialintelligencetomakepeoplemoreeffectivE.OurfateisinourownhandshewrotE.SincetechnologydependsonthevaluesofitscreatorswecanmakehumanchoicesthatusetechnologytoimprovetheworlD.28.Whatwastheresultofthematch?A.LeeSe-delwonAlphaGo4-1.B.LeeSe-delwasdefeateD.C.GoogleprogrambeatAlphaGo.D.Neithersidewonthematch.29.WhatdoesThomasEdisonpossiblymeaninhisremarks?A.It’sveryhardforAItobeatthehumanbrain.B.AIwouldtaketheplaceofhumanbeings.C.AIcanmakevariousdecisionsquickly.D.AIdoesbetterthanhumansinsightandbalancE.30.WhobelievesmuchhastobedonetoimproveAI?A.StephenHawking.B.JohnMarkoff.C.TheNewYorkTimes.D.TheEconomist.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphimply?A.AIwillimprovetheworldcompletely.B.AIisinthecontrolofhumanbeings.C.AImaybringdisasterstohumanbeings.D.AIwillmakeourfutureoutofcontrol.

Astudynowlendssupporttotheideathatmeal-timedistractions分散注意canmaskthecluesthatwereallyhaveeatenquiteenough.Moreoveritfindsthecaloricconsequenceofnotpayingattentiontowhatwe’reeatingdoesn’tnecessarilyendwhenamealisover.RoseCooperfromEnglandandhercolleaguesgathered22menandanequalnumberofwomenforanexperiment.Eachpersonatealonecontinuouslyreceivingninesmallsharesoffooditems.Theserangedfromcheesetwistsandpotatochipstocarrotscherrytomatoesandsandwichesorsausagerolls.Becausethegoalwastotestthepotentialimpactsofdistractiononfullnesstheresearchersrandomlyassignedhalfoftheparticipantstoeatinfrontofacomputer—andtogainasmanywinsaspossibleatthecardgamE.Everyoneelsewastoldtofocusonthesensoryqualitiesoftheirmeal.Accordingtotheirinstructionstheparticipantsateallofthefoodgiventothem.YetpeoplewhoplayedacomputergameduringlunchfoundtheirmeallessfillingthanthemindfuleatershaD.Gameplayersalsoswallowdowntwiceasmanycookiesalmostanhourlaterwhentheywereallowedallthedesserttheywantedinthenameofatastetest.TheBritishscientistspresenttheirfindingsintheFebruaryAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition.Therealquestioniswhydistractedeatingshouldimpactsnacking.Itappearsthescientistssaythatmemoryplayssometrickyroleinhowweregisterwhatweeatandthedegreetowhichitsatisfies.InterestinglyeightyearsagoBrittaBarkelingofHuddingeUniversityinStockholmandhercolleaguesreportedsomewhatrelatedfindings.Their18overweightsubjectshadnochoiceotherthantogetridofeverythingbutlunchononeday—becausetheywereblindfoldeD.Comparedtoadaywhentheycouldviewwhattheywerediningonthesepeopleconsumedonlythreequartersasmanycalories.Yetevenhoursafterwardtheyreportedbeingnolessfullthanonthedaytheyhadbeenabletoseetheirplates.Ofcoursedininginthedarkisn’tpractical.Andsometimeswhatweeatdoesn’treallyinviteourabsoluteattention.Butthereiscertainlyagrowingmountainofdataindicatingthatmindlesseatingisawasteofresourcesarisktoourwaistlines—andacostlythreattohealth.67.RoseCooperandhercolleaguesdidtheexperimentinorderto_______.A.showthatallthepeopleenjoysnacksB.provethatplayingcomputergamesisharmfulwhilediningC.findpossibleeffectsofdistractiononfullnessD.testtheimpactsofeatingsnacksondifferentpeople68.Whichisthemosteffectivewaytoconcentrateonyourfoodwhendining?A.ViewingyourfooD.B.Blindfoldingyoureyes.C.Playingcomputergames.D.Eatingbyoneself.69.Thereasonwhydistractedeatinginfluencessnackingmaybethat________.A.youeatlessinthatcaseB.youarecheatedbyyourmemoryC.youhaveconsumedmorecaloriesD.youdigestwhatyou’veeatenfaster70.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.A.distractedeatingmaydamageyourhealthB.eatingsnackswillmakeyoufeelfullC.BrittabecamefamousbecauseoftheexperimentD.playingismoreimportantthanwhatweeat

IfaskedifspaceexplorationshouldcontinuemostAmericanswouldgiveanimmediateresponseeitherinfavorofcontinuingorinfavorofendingspaceexploration.A.commonresponsewouldbethatspaceexplorationisawasteofmoney.AnaverageAmericanuneducatedonthesubjectmightbelievethatthegovernmentiswastingbillionsofdollarsontheresearchthathasnomerit.Someonestrangetothesubjectmightsaythataspaceshuttlegoesuponceinawhileandthatisaboutallthathappens.ResearchisongoingandcontinueswhentherearenoshuttlesbeinglauncheD.Thisalsocoststhegovernmentmoney.Doestheextremecostofspaceexplorationmakesense?OneargumentisthatthegovernmentiswastingmoneyontheresearchnotbeingusedonEarth.ActuallythemoneygoestoworkersandscientiststhatsupportNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASAmissions任务andgoestomajorcompaniesthatplayimportantrolesinmajorsectorsoftheUSeconomy.BoeingisapartnerofNASAforaircraftthesamecompanythatmakescommercialaircraftfortheairlineindustry.Anotherbenefittocontinuingspaceexplorationisthemanyspinoff衍生的technologiesitprovides.TheartificialheartresultedfromexperimentsonthespaceshuttlE.ThehandheldJawsofLifeusedtosavevictimsfromcaraccidentsoriginatedfromthesystemusedtoseparatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets.InsulationinhomesthatkeepsthemwarmandenergyefficientisbasedonthetechnologyusedtoinsulatethespaceshuttlE.TherearedirectbenefitstotheeconomyprovidedbyNASAmissionsaswellasspinofftechnologies.TheseadvancesarefoundinfoodbuildingmaterialsmedicalproceduresandthevehicleswedrivE.Whileitcanbeproventhatbillionsofdollarsthatcouldbeusedelsewhereisbeingspentonspaceexplorationthebenefitsitprovidesoutweightheterribleaspects.Asamatteroffactthemoneyspenthelpstoimprovethequalityofourlives.63.HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?A.Byofferinganalyses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.D.Bypresentingresearchfindings.64.ThefunctionofJawsofLifeisto_____.A.savepeoplefromtrafficaccidentsB.doexperimentsonthespaceshuttleC.keephouseswarmandenergyefficientD.separatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets65.Intheauthor’sopinionspaceexploration_____.A.haschangedourlifecompletelyB.coststoomuchofourtimeC.benefitsusinmanywaysD.hasnothingtodowithus66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsofspaceexplorationB.Isspaceexplorationworththecost?C.HowtomakespaceexplorationaffordableD.MissionsoftheNASAspaceshuttleprogram

.Ofcourseyoudon’twanttobesickinyourvacation.Sowhatcanyoudowhiletraveling?Therearethreethingsyoushouldremember:relaxsleepandeatwell.Avacationisatimeforrelaxingbutveryoftenitisnot.Thinkaboutwhatyoudowhenyouareatourist.Therearesomanyplacestovisit:shopparkschurchesandtemples寺庙.Youmayspendmostofthedayswalkingaroundtheseplaces.Thiscanbeverytiring.Donotaskyourbodytodotoomuch.A.tiredbodymeansaweakbody.A.weakbodygetsdickeasily.SositdownforafewhoursinaniceplacE.Ingoodweatherlookforaquietparkbench.Sleepisalsoimportant.Ifyouwanttostayhealthyyouneedtogetenoughsleep.YourhotelroommaybenoisyorthebedmaybetooharD.Oryoumaywanttostayoutlateatnight.Thenyoushouldplantosleepforanhourduringtheday.TheextrahourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Finallyifyouwanttostayhealthyyoumusteatwell.ThatmeanseatingtherightkindsoffooD.YourbodyneedsfreshfruitvegetablesmeanmilkandcheesE.Sorememberthis:ifyouwanttoenjoyyourvacationtakegoodcareofyourself.Giveyourbodysomerest.GetenoughsleepandeathealthyfooD.23.Travelingisusually____.A.easyB.noisyC.tiringD.dangerous24.Youmust___toenjoyyourtraveling.A.visitparksB.stayhealthyC.gotochurchesandtemplesD.sitdownforafewhours25.Thetexttellsus____intraveling.A.howtorestB.whatplacestovisitC.howtorelaxandsleepD.howtotakegoodcareofourselves

Itdoesn'tmatterwhenorhowmuchapersonsleepsbuteveryoneneedssomeresttostayalivE.That'swhatalldoctorsthoughtuntiltheyheardaboutAlHerpin.AlHerpinitwassaidneverslept.Couldthisbetrue?Thedoctorsdecidedtoseethisstrangemanthemselves.AlHerpinwas90yearsoldwhenthedoctorscametohishomeinNewJersey.TheythoughtforsurethathegotsomesleepofsomekinD.SotheystayedwithhimandwatchedeverymovementhemadE.ButtheyweresurpriseD.ThoughtheywatchedhimhourafterhouranddayafterdaytheyneversawHerpinsleeping.InfacthedidnotevenownabeD.HeneverneededonE.TheonlyrestthatHerpinsometimesgotwassittinginacomfortablechairandreadingnewspapers.Thedoctorswerepuzzledbythisstrangecontinuoussleeplessness.Theyaskedhimmanyquestionshopingtofindananswer.Theyfoundonlyoneanswerthatmightexplainhiscondition.Herpinrememberedsometalkabouthismotherhavingbeeninjuredseveraldaysbeforehewasborn.Butthatwasall.Wasthistherealreason?NoonecouldbesurE.AlHerpindiedattheageof95.?10.Themainideaofthispassageisthat________.A.largenumbersofpeopledonotneedsleepB.apersonwasfoundwhoactuallydidn'tneedanysleepC.everyoneneedssomesleeptostayaliveD.peoplecanlivelongerbytryingnottosleep11.ThedoctorscametovisitHerpinexpecting________.A.tocurehimofhissleeplessnessB.tofindoutwhetherhissleeplessnesswasreallytrueC.tofindoutwhysomeoldpeopledidn'tneedanysleepD.tofindawaytofreepeoplefromtheneedofsleeping12.AfterwatchinghimcloselythedoctorscametobelievethatAlHerpin_______.A.neededsomekindofsleepB.wastoooldtoneedanysleepC.needednosleepatallD.oftensleptinachair13.OnereasonthatmightexplainHerpin'ssleeplessnesswas________.A.hismother'sinjurybeforehewasbornB.thathehadgraduallygotridofthesleepinghabitC.hismagnificentphysicalconditionD.thathehadn'tgotabed14.AlHerpin'sconditioncouldberegardedas________.A.acommononeB.onethatcouldbecuredC.veryhealthyD.arareone

Allanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:theyarelistedonsomeoneelse'smenuandalwaysruntheriskofendingupassomeoneelse'slunchdinnerorsnack.Toprotectthemselvesfrombeingeatenandtosurviveinthewildmanyanimalshavedevelopedcleverwaystoescapefromoravoiddanger.LikehumanbeingsanimalsoftentrytohideorrunawaywhentheyarebeingattackeD.Manyanimalshaveadaptedtotheirenvironmentinsuchawaythattheycanhidebetter.HavingtherightcolourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Manyanimalshavethesameorsimilarcolourastheirenvironmentmakingitmoredifficultforotheranimalstofindthem.Somecanchangecolourveryquicklyeveninafewseconds.OtheranimalsandinsectshaveabodyshapethathelpsthemhidE.Someinsectslookjustlikeasmallstickandcaneasilyhideinatreeorbush.Ifitistoolatetohideorrunawayananimalmustuseothermethodstosurviveanattack.OnetypeofsnakethatlivesinTexashasdevelopedaninterestingwaytodefenditself.IfitisattackeditfirstmakesitselflookbiggerandpretendstobeadangeroussnakE.Ifthatdoesn'tworkthesnakeusesanothertrick:itrollsoveropensitsmouthandactsasifitweredeaD.ThesnakeissuchagoodactorthatitseemsquitedeaD.Ifsomeonepicksitupithangslikearopeanddoesn'tmovE.HoweverifyourollitbackonitsstomachitwillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.Anotherwaytosurviveanattackistohaveusefulbodyparts.Theturtlehasathickshellthatprotectsitfromitsenemiesandotheranimalshaveteethclawsandhornsthattheycanusetodefendthemselves.Therearealsoanimalsthatcanusetheirtailstofightoffattackers.A.longtailcanbeusedtohitanattackerandthereisevenananimalwhosetailwillbreakoffsothatitcanrunawayifsomeonegrabs抓住it.Thebestwaytostaysafeistodevelopawaytoreceiveanearlywarningwhendangercomes.Manyanimalsstaytogetherinlargegroupsandusesoundsandbodylanguagetowarneachotheriftheyseeorhearsomethingsuspicious.SomeanimalsevenworktogetherwithotherspeciestostaysafE.Thebirdsyouoftenseeonthebackofawaterbuffalohaveanimportantjob:theyhelpwarnthebuffaloofdanger.58.Whatdoallanimalshaveincommontoprotectthemselves?A.PretendingtobedeaD.B.Hidingorrunningaway.C.Usingtheirbodiestofightback.D.ChangingtheirsizE.59.HowdoyouunderstandthesentenceAllanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:?A.AllanimalsmusthelpeachothertosurvivE.B.Everykindofanimalhasaneating-and-being-eatenrelationwithotheranimals.C.Allanimalsareabigfamily.D.AllanimalsdependonfoodtolivE.60.ThekindofsnakementionedinthepassagewillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.showsits_____.A.clevernessB.stupidityC.quicknessD.laziness

A.visittoazoocanbeanamazingexperienceforpeopleofallages.IfyouwanttogetclosetowildlifewhynotvisitoneofthefollowingzoosintheUK?LongleatSafari游猎&AdventureParkWiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkistheUK’soldestsafaripark.Openedin1966itwasthefirstsafariparkopenedoutsideAfricA.Itwasjusta100-acrelionreserve保护区inthebeginningbutithasgrownfastovertheyears.NowyoucanseeparrotsandothercreaturesherealthoughlionsarestillpopularwithmanypeoplE.Openfrommid-FebruarytoearlyNovemberadayticketcosts£26foradults.Admissionfor3to14-year-oldsis£18.50and£21fortheover-60s.LocatedjustofftheA36betweenBathandSalisburyitcanbereachedbytakingtheA362.BristolZooBristolZooisoneoftheUK’soldestzoos.Itwillcelebrateits180thanniversaryin2016.Hereyouwillfindover400differentspeciesofcreatures.Italsohasnineanimalhousessoeveniftheweatherisn’tatitsbesttherearestilllotsofamazingcreaturestolookatincludingtheendangeredredpandA.PerhapsoneofthemostpopularplacesisBugWorldwhereyoucanseeallkindsofscaryinsects.Admissionforadultsis£14and£8.50for3to14-year-oldsand£11fortheover-60s.LocatedintheCliftonregionofBristolyoucanreachthezoobytakingeithertheNo.8or9bus.CliftonDowntrainstationisalsoclosebyandifyouaretakingpublictransportyoucanbuyadiscountedentrytickettothezoo.1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Wiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkisthefirstsafariparkintheworlD.B.Wiltshire’sLongleatSafari&AdventureParkhasalongerhistorythanBristolZoo.C.BristolZooistheoldestzoosintheUK.D.VisitorscanseeallkindsofscaryinsectsinBugWorlD.2.Howmuchshoulda61-year-oldcouplewiththeir4-year-oldgrandsonpaytovisitBristolZoo?A.£52.B.30.5.C.£60.5.D.£42.3.BristolZoowasopenedprobablyin______.A.1836B.1636C.1936D.17364.WecangettoBristolZoobytaking______.A.No.89busB.No.9subwaylineC.atrainD.theA362

WHENyougethungrydoyoufindyourselfmakingpoordecisions?Wellitturnsoutthatthisisbecauseofahormonecalledghrelin饥饿激素.Itisreleasedwhenyouarehungryandhasabadeffectonimpulses冲动andmakingdecisionsaccordingtoarecentstudyatSahlgrenskaAcademypartoftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden.ForthefirsttimewehavebeenabletoshowthatincreasingghrelintolevelsthatareseenwhenhungrycausesthebraintoactimpulsivelyandalsoaffectstheabilitytomakerationaldecisionsKarolinaSkibickaamemberoftheteachingstaffatSahlgrenskaAcademytoldtheScienceDailywebsitE.Impulsivityiscomplexaccordingtothewebsitebutimpulsivechoicebasicallymeansnotbeingabletoresistthetemptationtotakearewardnowinsteadofwaitinguntillater.Youmaysometimeseatabagofchipseventhoughyouknowthatyou’regoingtohavedinnersoonforexamplE.Thistypeofproblemwasseenintheratsusedinthestudy.Theratsweretrainedtoberewardedwithsugarwhentheydidsomethinglikepressingalever杠杆–orinsteadtheycouldberewardedonlywhentheystoppedthemselvesfrompressingtheleverno-gowhentherightsignallikeaflashoflightorabuzzingsoundwasgiven.Whenratscouldnotstopthemselvesfrompressingtheleverwhentheno-gosignalwasgivenitwasseenasasignofimpulsivity.ResearchersfoundthatratsgivenghrelindirectlyintothebrainweremorelikelytopresstheleverinsteadofwaitingeventhoughitcausedthemtolosetheirrewarD.TheabilitytowaitforagreaterrewardlatermeasuresimpulsivechoicE.Forexampleyoucanovereatfatteningfoodstofeelhappyrightnoworchoosetoeathealthier.ResearchersatSahlgrenskaAcademyfoundthathigherlevelsofghrelinstoppedtheratsfrombeingabletowaitforthegreaterrewarD.Thestudyalsoshowedthatincreasedlevelsofghrelinevencausedlong-termgeneticchangesinthebrainpartsthatareconnectedtoimpulsivityanddecisionmaking.ThesametypeofchangescanbeseeninbrainswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderADHD注意力缺陷多动障碍andotherpsychiatricdisorders精神疾病reportedScienceDaily.TheghrelinreceptorsinthebraincanbeapossibletargetforfuturetreatmentsaidSkibickA.32.AccordingtothearticleinthestudyatSahlgrenskaAcademy________.A.theratscouldonlygettheirrewardwhentheypressedaleverB.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheycouldwaitfortherightsignalC.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheyweremorelikelypresstheleverD.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheywereeagertogetthesugar33.Accordingtothearticleimpulsivityismeasuredby________.A.theabilitytofocusonnowratherthanlaterB.thenumberofriskstakenC.theamountofpatienceforwaitingD.theabilitytowaitforagoodorbetterreward34.Whichwordisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedwordrational?A.wiseB.quickC.difficultD.simple35.What’sthearticlemainlyabout?A.Impulsivityanddecision-making.B.Ghrelinandimpulsivity.C.Ghrelin’sincreasewhenpeoplearehungry.D.Thewayinwhichincreasingghrelincausesgeneticchanges.

Ateamledbyanurseryman花圃工人andhissonshasracedagainsttimefor20yearsusingbranchesfromsomeoftheworld’sbiggestandmostlong-lastingtreestoproduceclonesthatcouldrestoreancientforestsandhelpfightclimatechangE.Nowcomesthemostambitiousstepoftheproject:gettingthenewtreesintothegrounD.PlantingsoftwodozenclonesfromCalifornia’shugecoastalredwoodswilltakeplaceMondayinsevennations:AustraliaNewZealandGreatBritainIrelandCanadaGermanyandtheU.S.Thelab-producedtreesaregeneticcopiesofthreehugetreesthatwerecutdowninnorthernCaliforniamorethanacenturyago.Remarkablynewbranchesstillgrowfromthestumps树桩includingoneknownastheFieldbrookStumpwhichmeasures35feetindiameter直径.It’sbelievedtobeabout4000yearsolD.Weneedtoreforesttheplanet.TodothatitjustmakessensetousethelargestoldesttreesthateverlivedsaidDavidMilarchco-founderofthenon-profitArchangelAncientTreeArchivE.MilarchandhissonsJaredandJakewhohaveafamily-ownednurserybecameconcernedabouttheconditionoftheworld’sforestsinthe1990s.TheybegantravelingacrosstheU.S.insearchofchampiontreesthathavelivedhundredsoreventhousandsofyearsbelievingthatbettergenesmakeitpossibleforthemtooutliveothersoftheirspecies.Scientificopinionvariesonwhetherthat’struewithskepticssayingthesurvivorsmaysimplyhavebeenlucky.TheArchangelteamsaysthey’vedevelopedseveralmethodsofproducinggeneticcopies.Theyfocusontoweringsequoias高耸的水杉andredwoodsconsideringthembestsuitedtoabsorbgreatamountsofcarbondioxideCO2thegreenhousegasprimarilyresponsibleforclimatechangE.ThechallengeistofindplacestoputthetreespeopletolookafterthemandmoneytocontinuetheprojectJaredMilarchsaiD.Thegroupisfundedthroughdonationsanddoesn’tchargeforitsclones.AlotoftreeswillbeplantedbyalotofgroupsonArborDaybut90percentofthemwilldieDavidMilarchsaiD.Youcan’tplanttreesandwalkawayandexpectthemtotakecareofthemselves.ThosereceivingArchangelredwoodshavepromisedtocareforthemproperly.28.Accordingtothetexttheclones_____.A.areratherexpensiveB.arebasedondeadancienttreesC.havebeenexperimentedfor20yearsD.havebeenwidelygrownacrosstheU.S.29.ToreforesttheplanetDavidMilarchchoosesthelargestoldesttreesbecause___.A.theyareluckytreesB.theyhavebettergenesC.theyareeasiertoplantD.theylookmorebeautiful30.DavidMilarch’steambelievesthatgeneticcopiesfromsequoiasandredwoods__.A.cantakeinmoregreenhousegasesB.arehardtosurviveforalongtimeC.arelikelytocauseclimatechangeD.maybeathreattoexistingplants31.WhatisstressedbyDavidMilarchinthelastparagraph?A.Theneedoffinancialsupport.B.Thedifficultyoffindingplaces.C.Theimportanceofcaringfortrees.D.Thechallengeofrunninghisgroup.

FortheMarineMammalCenter海洋哺乳动物中心Thursdaywasanimportantday:rescuedsealionNo.10000calledMilestoneand10.001ZodiacGirlhadbeennursedbacktohealthandsentbacktothewildwheretheybelong.Sinceitopeneditsdoors36yearsagothecenterhasbecomefamousfornursingsickmarineanimalsbacktohealth-butitsbiggestcontributionperhapshasbeenitsroleincollectingandstoringthousandsoftissue生物组织fromtheanimalsitrescuesalong600milesofCaliforniacoast.Thecenterhaspublishedlotsofscientificpapersandhelpeddevelopunderstandingofeffectsofdiseaseandtheeffectofclimate气候changedonmarineanimals.CaliforniasealionssharecommoncharacteristicswithStellersealionswhichareanendangeredspecies.Thecenter’sresearcherssaycollectingandstoringscientificinformationfrommanyofthethousandsofsealionscanhelptosaveStellers.Wearelearningaboutmarinemammalhealththroughallthesepatients.Before1975therewasneveranythingbeenregularlyrecordedindetailsoitwasn’tpossibletogetanimaltissuesaidJimOswaldthecenter’sspokesman.Thoughthesealionsdidn’tliketobesentbackhomeinthePacificOceantheirtimespentatthecenterprovidedscientistswiththeinformationbeingusedtocontrolandpreventsomecommondiseases.Thetwoanimalshadleptospirosiswhichcouldbefataltothem.DogsandhumanscanalsogetthediseasE.WhatmadethescientistsfeelstrangeisthathundredofCaliforniasealionssufferedfromthediseaseeveryfourorfiveyears.Whilenoanswertothemysteryhasbeenfoundthecenter’sdatacollectionishelpingresearchersmovecloser.32.ThursdaywasspecialfortheMarineMammalCentermainlybecause______.A.itgotevidenceaboutanewdiseaseB.itwasthedatewhenitwasfounded36yearsagoC.itcelebratedsavingmorethantenthousandsealionsD.ithelpedMilestoneandZodiacGirloutoftrouble33.ThemostimportantroleoftheMarineMammalCenterliesin___________.A.collectinginformationaboutmarinelifeB.nursingsickmarineanimalsbacktohealthC.publishingscientificpapersaboutanimalsD.helpingpeopleunderstandtheeffectofclimatechange34.TheunderlinedwordfatalinParagraph6means____.A.rareB.funnyC.usefulD.deadly35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A.Sealionssufferfromleptospirosiseveryfourorfiveyears.B.BothCaliforniasealionsandStellerseasareendangeredspecies.C.CaliforniasealionssharealotincommonwithStellers.D.Dogsandhumansmayalsosufferfromleptospirosis.

Hoverboardsarequiteconvientforpeopletocarryorrideonthebusystreetespeciallyincollegecampsmoreandmorestudentschoosetorideahoverboardtoclass.Sohoverboards电动滑板wereamongthemostpopularChristmasgiftsof2015.Theymayhavealsobeenmostdangerousgiftsof2015.Atruehoverboardlookslikeaskateboardwithoutwheels.Tohovermeanstofloatintheairwithoutmovingmuchinanydirection.Thepopularityofhoverboardsbeganinthe1980swiththeBacktotheFuturemovies.Charactersinthesecondandthirdfilmsusedhoverboardsastransportation.Thisyear’spopularhoverboardshoweverdonotactuallyhover.Theyhavewheels.And?asitturnsouttheyarenoteasytousE.Adultsandchildrenaroundtheworldsufferedhoverboard-relatedinjuriesovertheweekenD.ManypostedpicturesofthedamageonsocialmediA.TwitteruserDavidDouglaspostedaphotoofbothhimandayounggirlwiththebrokenarmstheysufferedonChristmasDay.AndanotheruserErinRaffertyuploadedavideoofhermotherfallingoffahoverboardwiththecaptionWholetmomonthehoverboard?Fallingisnottheonlyriskwithsomehoverboards.Theyarealsoafirerisk.AtonestoreinTexasanemployeetriedtofixahoverboardacustomerbroughtin.ThehoverboardthencaughtfirE.Studiessuggestthatsomehoverboardbrandshavedefectivebatteriesorplugs.Manymajorairlinesworldwidehavebannedhoverboardsbecauseofthefirerisk.Butsomepassengersdidnothearthenews.AustralianactorRussellCrowesaidonMondayabouthisdisappointmentthatVirginAustraliaAirlinesdidnotpermithischildrentotaketheirhoverboardsontheplanE.Majorretailers零售商arealsotakingstepstoimprovethesafetyofthehoverboardstheysell.AmazonintheUnitedStatesnowonlysellshoverboardsfrombrandsthathavesubmittedsafetystandarddocuments.TheUK’sAmazonnolongersellshoverboards.Ithasalsoadvisedcustomerswhoboughtunsafebrandsofhoverboardstothrowthemaway.12.What’stheproblemwiththisyear’shoverboards?A.Theydon’thavewheels.B.TheyaredifficulttohandlE.C.Theycatchfireinthesun.D.Theycan’tmoveinanydirection.13.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A.hoverboardsarestillenjoyingequalpopularityasbeforE.B.hoverboardsarestillsoldonAmazonintheUnitedStates.C.passengersareforbiddentogetonplaneswithhoverboards.D.thenumberofhoverboard-relatedinjuriesisdeclining.14.Theunderlinedworddefectiveinthesixthparagraphprobablymeans_____.A.deadB.faultyC.dryD.spare15.Wecanprobablyreadthispassageina___________.A.sciencefictionB.magazineC.newspaperD.moviereview

HowtheWorldWideWebStartedTimBerners-Leeisthemanwhowrotethesoftware软件programmethatledtothefoundationoftheWorldWideWeB.Britainplayedanimportantpartindevelopingthefirstgenerationofcomputers.TheparentsofTimBerners-Leebothworkedononeoftheearliestcommercial商业的computersandtalkedabouttheirworkathomE.Asachildhewouldbuildmodelsofcomputersfrompackingmaterial.AftergraduatingfromOxfordUniversityhewentontotherealthing.Inthe1980sscientistswerealreadycommunicatingusingaprimitiveversion版本ofe-mail.WhileworkingatalaboratoryinSwitzerland.TimBerners-Leewroteaprogrammewhichlethimstorethesemessages.Thisgavehimanotheridea:writeaprogrammethatwillletacademics学术界人士fromacrosstheworldshareinformationonasingleplacE.In1990hewrotetheHTTP服务程序所用的协议andHTML超文本链接标示语言programmeswhichformthebasisoftheWorldWideWeb.ThenextyearhisprogrammeswereplacedontotheInternet.Everyonewaswelcometousethemandimprovethemiftheycould.Programmersusedthiscodes密码toworkwithdifferentoperatingsystems.Newthingslikewebbrowsers浏览器andsearchenginesweredevelopeD.Between1991and1994thenumberofwebpagesrosefrom10to100000.In1994TimBerners-LeeformedthenewlyformedWorldWideWebconsortium协会orW3C.Morethan200leadingcompaniesandlaboratoriesarerepresented代表byW3C.TogethertheymakesurethateveryonecanshareequallyontheweB.‘TheWebcanhelppeopletounderstandthewaythatothersliveandloveandarehuman.IthelpsusunderstandthehumanityofpeoplE.Hesays.33.Scientistsbegantocommunicateusinge-mail_____.A.in1980B.afterthe1980sC.before1990D.inthe1960s34.Hemadeuphismindtowriteaprogrammethatwouldletpeoplefromacrosstheworldshareinformationonasingleplacewhen______.A.hewasachildB.hestudiedinOxfordUniversityC.heformedW3CD.heworkedatalabinSwitzerland35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thenumberofwebpagesroseveryrapidlyinthe1990s.B.Tim’sprogrammeswereplacedontotheInternetin1990.C.TheWorldWideWebwillhaveaneffectonthesocialdevelopment.D.TimBerners-LeemadeagreatcontributiontothecomputersciencE.

Overweightpeopleproducemoregreenhousegasesresearcherssay.Thereforewatchingyourweightdoesmorethanprotectyourhealth.ItalsomayhelpfightclimatechangE.ResearchersattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&TropicalMedicinesaythatbecausefoodproductionisamajorsourceofgreenhousegasesapopulationwithnormalweightsuchasinVietnamconsumesabout20percentlessfoodandproducesfewergreenhousegasesthanapopulationinwhich40percentofpeoplearetooheavyandfatarateclosetothatoftheUnitedStates.AlsolessenergyisrequiredtotransportslimpeoplesayPhilEdwardsandIanRobertstheleadresearchersofthestudy.Theyfoundthataphysicallyfitpopulationofabillionpeoplewouldgiveoff1000milliontonslesstransportation­relatedwastesayearthananoverweightpopulationwouldgiveoff.Whenitcomestofoodconsumption消耗movingaboutinaheavybodyislikedrivingaroundinacarthatburnsalotofgastheresearcherssaiD.Theheavierourbodiesbecometheharderandmoreunpleasantitistomoveaboutinthemandthemoredependentwebecomeonourcars.Stayingslimisgoodforhealthandfortheenvironment.WeneedtodoalotmoretostoptheglobaltrendtowardfatnessandrecognizeitasakeyfactorinthebattletoreducegreenhousegasesandcontrolclimatechangetheysaiD.Howevertheynotedthatthetrendisintheoppositedirection.Thenumberofoverweightpeopleisincreasinginnearlyeverycountry.ThemalewhowereoverweightinEnglandforexampleincreasedfrom20percentto27.3percentbetween1999and2009whilethefemaleincreasedfrom25.8percentto29.6percent.16.AccordingtoPhilEdwardsslimpeople________.A.producenotransportation­relatedwastesB.caremoreaboutenvironmentprotectionC.contributetogreentransportationD.usegreentransportation17.Theresearchersbelievethatpeoplewithoutweightproblems________.A.seldomdependoncarsB.oftendrivearoundinenergy­savingcarsC.exercisemoreD.realizetheimportanceofreducinggreenhousegases18.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.moregreenhousegasesarebeingproducedbyoverweightpeopleB.theglobaltrendtowardfatnesshasbeeneffectivelycontrolledC.theoverweightpopulationinEnglandincreasesfastestD.womenaremorelikelytogetoverweightthanmen19.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ControllingpopulationgrowthisgoodforclimatechangE.B.Stayingslimisgoodforpublictransportation.C.Stayingslimhelpsreducefoodconsumption.D.Stayingslimisgoodfortheenvironment.

It’sthemomentUFOfanshavebeenwaitingfor—theCIAhashand-selectedsomeformerlytop-secretfilesandphotosto‘prove’aliensexist.Sadlyforalienfansthefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers飞碟butthey’reafascinatinginsightintotheheightofthe‘flyingsaucer’erA.TheCIAreleasedthefiles—seeminglytocoincidewith一致thenewX-Filesepisodes—causingdisbeliefonUFOwebsites.OnereportentitledFlyingSaucersanddated1August1952saysLessthan100reasonablycrediblereportsremain‘unexplainable’atthistimE.ItisrecommendedthatCIAsurveillance监视becontinueD.ItisstronglyurgedhoweverthatnoreportsofCIAinterestorconcernreachthepressorpubliC.TheCIAsaidWe’vedecidedtohighlightafewdocumentsbothskepticsandbelieverswillfindinteresting.BelowyouwillfindfivedocumentswethinkX-FilescharacterAgentFoxMulderwouldlovetousetotryandpersuadeothersoftheexistenceofalienactivity.SuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansaccordingtooneexpert.NigelWatsonauthoroftheUFOInvestigationsManualsaidlastyearAtleast10000UFOreportscollectedbytheUSProjectBlueBookhavebeenputonlineandmanyothergovernmentshavereleasedtheirUFOfiles.SowehaveanembarrassmentofrichesyetthesehavebeenlargelyignoredbyUFOresearchersyettheycouldprovidelotsofinformationabouttypesofsightingsandtheirpatternsovertimeandplacE.56.WhydidtheauthorsaysuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansA.Thealiensinthedocumentsareactuallynotmysterious.B.Thecontentinthefileshasalreadybeenrevealedearlier.C.Thefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers.D.ThedocumentsareprovedtobefakedandhavenothingtodowithUFO.57.What’sNOTtrueaboutthefiles?A.It’scertainthatCIAwillcontinueitssurveillancE.B.Nopowerfulproofprovestheexistenceofaliens.C.PeoplehavedoubtaboutthefilesonUFOwebsites.D.It’sdifficulttofigureoutwhatthealiensaucersandbodypartsexactlyarE.58.ThepassageismostlyapartofA.newsB.storyC.fashionmagazineD.fiction

YoumightnoticesomethingnewinthenextfewyearsasyouwatchDisneyprograms:Startingin2015therewon’tbeanycandysugarycerealorfast-foodcommercials广告aimedatkids.TheWaltDisneyCompanyhasbecomethefirstmajormediacompanytobanadsforjunkfoodonitsTVchannelsradiostationsandwebsites.Ithopesthiswillstopkidsfrommakingpoorfoodchoices.FirstLadyMichelleObamacalleditagamechangerthatissuretosendamessagetotherestofthechildren’sentertainmentindustry.JustafewyearsagoifyouhadtoldmeoranyothermomordadinAmericathatourkidswouldn’tseeasingleadforjunkfoodwhiletheywatchedtheirfavoritecartoonsonamajorTVnetworkwewouldn’thavebelievedyousaidtheFirstLadywhoheadsacampaigntohelpstopchildobesity肥胖.ThebanwouldapplytoDisney-ownedABCstationsaswellasRadioDisneyandDisney-ownedwebsitesaimedatfamilieswithyoungchildren.InadditionDisneyplanstomakechangestoitskids’menusatthemeparksandresorts度假胜地.Fast-foodoptionswillbereplacedwithhealthierchoicessuchassmoothies果汁applesvegetablesandyogurt.Inadditiontocandybarsandfast-foodmealsotherfoodsthatdon’tmeetDisney’snutritionalstandardswillbebannedfromthecompany’skid-targetedmediA.Anycerealwith10gramsormoreofsugarperservingwillbeofftheair.Therewillbenoadsforfullmealsofmorethan600calories.JuiceswithhighlevelsofsugarandfoodswithtoomuchsaltwillalsobepulleD.LeslieGoodmanDisney’sseniorvice-presidentofCorporateCitizenshipsaidacompanythatwantstoadvertisewillneedtoshowthatitoffersarangeofhealthyoptions.Disneyisn’ttheonlyonepushingawayunhealthyfoods.LastweekNewYorkCityMayorMichaelBloombergsuggestedabanondrinksover16ouncessoldinmovietheatersrestaurantsandconveniencestoresintheBigApplE.Hesayslargesugarydrinksarepartlytoblameforobesity.45.WhatwilltheWaltDisneyCompanydofrom2015?A.Producemoreandbettercartoonsforyoungkids.B.Helpkidsdevelophealthylifestyleintheprogram.C.StopbroadcastingadvertisementsforjunkfoodonTV.D.Providehealthierfoodforkidswhiletheyarewatchingprograms.46.WhatMichelleObamasaidsuggeststhatwhilewatchingcartoons_______.A.kidsdidn’tbelievewhatthecommercialssaidB.kidsenjoyeatingcandysugarycerealorjunkfoodC.kidsfindpleasureinwatchingfast-foodcommercialsD.kidsweretoseealotoffast-foodcommercialsonTV47.AccordingtoMichaelBloombergtofightchildobesitykidsshould_______.A.watchfewercartoonsB.drinklesssugarydrinksC.notgotomovietheatersD.takemorephysicalexercise

AGoodNight'sSteepSleepplaysavitalroleingoodhealthandwell-beingthroughoutyourlifE.Whileyou'resleepingyourbrainisformingnewpathwaystohelpyoulearnandrememberinformation.Althoughweallknowtheimportanceofgettingagoodnight'ssleepnotallofusknowthebestwayofgettingit.A.sleepexpertPhilAthertongavesometoptipsforgettingthemostoutofthenightwhichwillleaveyoureadyforactioninthemorning.AccordingtoPhilAthertonnoteatingalargemealbeforebedtimeisimportantforgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Thetimedifferencebetweeneatingandsleepingshouldbeatleastthreehours.Soyou'dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebedasitwillloweryourbloodsugarduringsleepandhelpminimizedamagefromtoomuchsugarfloatingarounD.It'salsoimportanttofindwaystoprepareyourbodyforsleep.Youcanfollowaroutineliketryingnottoexposeyourselftotoomuchartificiallightwithin1hourbeforebedasyourbrainuseslighttohelpsetinternalbodyclock.Althoughitmightseemunnaturaltoscheduleyoursleepthepurposeistosendasignaltoyourbodyandmindthatit'stimetosleep.AnotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstatebytakingabathorlisteningtosoftmusiC.Bothofthemwillhelptotakethemindoffthedaytimepressures.Havingasuitablebedespeciallyasuitablemattress床垫isnecessaryforagoodnight'ssleep.Sleepisapersonalizedactivityandwealladoptdifferentsleepingpositions.Findingthemattressthatsuitsyouwillreducebackpainsthatcanresultfromapoorsleepingposition.ThebedshouldbefourtosixincheslongerthanitstallestuserallowingforspacetomovearounD.Therecentresearchisprettyclearthatagoodnight'ssleepinamajorcomponentofgoodhealth.Sincethestartofthe21stcenturystudieshavelinkedalackofsleeptomanydiseasessuchasdiabetesandobesity.Takingactionnowwillleadtolong-termbenefitsforyouandthosearoundyou.28.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Whentostartasoundsleep.B.Howtogetagoodnight'ssleep.C.Whattodowithsleepproblems.D.Whytoformagoodhabitofsleeping.29.Accordingtotheauthorbeforegoingtosleepyou'dbetter__________.A.recordyourbiologicalclockB.checkyourbloodsugarC.relieveyourpaininthebackD.freeyourselffromtension30.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph2referto?A.NoteatingfooD.B.Takingameal.C.Noteatingalargemeal.D.Havingagoodsleep.31.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion

DouglasFlorianteachesreadersaboutbeesinanewbookofpoemscalledUnBEElievables.Inhislatestbookeachpoemispairedwithacolorfulimagethatillustrates图解adifferenttypeofbeeanditsroleinthegroup.Everypageisfulloffunandinterestingfactsaboutthesesocialinsects.TFK:Whenyoubrainstormforastorywhichcomesfirst:theimagesorthepoems?FLORIAN:Usuallythepoemscomefirst.Forabookof21poemsforexampleI'llactuallywriteabout50poemsfirst.AlthoughIsometimeshaveimagesinmymindtogoalongwiththewordsIhavetochoosewhichonesIwanttoincludeinthebook.TFK:ManyofyourbooksincludingUnBEElievablesareaboutinsectsandanimals.Howdidthesebecomeyourfavoritesubjects?FLORIAN:ThereissomuchhumorintheanimalworlD.Peoplehavealotofknowledgeaboutanimalsandideasaboutanimalsthatarefuntoexploreinwriting.Animalsarejustsointeresting.WhenIresearchIfindoutsomanynewandamazingfacts.ThepoemisoftenhalfwrittenbythetimeIhavedonewithmyresearch.TFK:Whydidyouchoosebeesasthesubjectofyourlatestbook?FLORIAN:Isawrecentlyinthenewsthatmanybeesaredyingout.Scientistsbelievethistobecausedbyvariousdiseases.Iwantedtocreateawarenessandlearnmoreaboutbeesafterhearingthis.Somanyofthefruitsandvegetablesweeataredependentonpollination授粉byhoneybees.IfbeesdisappearsowillmuchofourfooD.TFK:Doyouhaveafavoritebee?FLORIAN:Oneofmyfavoritesisthepoemandpaintingabouttheworkerbees.Iwantedthepaintingtobeveryplayfulandlight.Thesebeeshavetoworkalldayandit'skindoflikeafactory.AndeventhoughthesebeeshavetoworkveryhardtheymanagetosmilE.21.UnBEElievablesisabookabout.A.insectsB.imagesC.storiesD.fruits22.WhydidDouglasFlorianchoosebeesasthesubjectofhislatestbook?A.Becausebeesareeasytoexploreinwriting.B.Becausehewantspeopletoprotectbees.C.Becausehehasnoideaaboutbees.D.Becausebeesaregoingtodieout.23.DouglasFlorianlikestheworkerbeesbestmainlybecauseoftheir.A.hardworkB.greatcontributionC.dangeroussituationD.attitudetowardsworking

MostpeoplethinkaboutdonatingblooD.However.Veryfewactuallvdoit.EventhemostconsistentonesdonateanaverageofjustthreetofourtimesduringtheirlifetimE.NowtheofficialsinSwedenaretryingtochangethetrendwiththehelpofmodern-daytechnology.Theencouragementtodonateagainbeginsshortlyafterthedonorleavestheclinicwhenhe/shereceivesathankyoutext.ThoughthatcertainlyhelpsthemfeelappreciatedwhatisevenmorepleasingisthetexttheyreceiveeachtimetheirbloodisusedtohelpsomeoneinneeD.KarolinaWibergmanageroftheStockholmbloodservicebelievesthissmallgesturenotonlyresultsinrepeatdonorsbuthelpsbringinnewones.TheprogramthatwasstartedinStockholmhasreceivedsuchpositivefeedbackthatitisnowbeingrolledoutacrossthecountry.HoweverSwedishofficialsarenotstoppingtherE.Theyarealsoencouraginglocalclinicstopublishtheexactlevelsofthedifferentbloodgroupstheyhaveatanygiventimeontheirwebsites.Thisallowspotentialdonorstorealizethattheirbloodcanmakeadifferenceinsavingsomeone'slifE.WhilealltheseoutreachprogramsaregreatbusycitizenseventheoneswiththebestintentionshavetobeoccasionallyremindeD.InordertojogtheirmemoriesofficialsaskpeopleforauthorizationtosendthemtextFacebookande-mailreminders.Thoughthatmaysounddisturbingthecitizensdonotseemtomindgiventhatthemessagesarelight-heartedandfun-thingslikeWewon'tgiveupuntilyoubleeD.ThoughSwedeniscurrentlytheonlycountryusingmoderntechnologytourgemoredonationsdon'tbesurprisedifmorejoininespeciallyiftheNordic北欧country'sbloodbanksstarttooverflow!21.Whyisanothertextsenttoblooddonorsafterathankyouone?A.Toaskthemforauthorization.B.ToinformthemtheirbloodisuseD.C.Toremindthemtodonatebloodimmediately.'D.Totellthemthelevelsofbloodgroups.22.Whatdoestheprograminparagraph3referto?A.Publishinginformationaboutblooddonation.B.GivingFacebookreminderstocitizens.C.Sendingtextmessagestoblooddonors.D.ProvidingpeoplewithbloodservicE.23.Whatdopeoplethinkofblooddonationreminders?A.Disturbing.B.MemorablE.C.AuthentiC.D.AcceptablE.24.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Swedenwillstopurgingblooddonation.B.Swedenhasbenefitedlittlefromitsprogram.C.MorecountriesmayfollowSweden'sexamplE.D.NordicbloodbanksareingreatneedofblooD.

Manypeoplethinkofthebrainasamystery.Theydon'tknowmuchaboutintelligenceandhowitworks.Whentheydothinkaboutwhatintelligenceismanypeoplebelievethatapersonisbornsmartaverageordumb—andstaysthatwayinthewholelifE.Butnewresearchshowsthatthebrainismorelikeamuscle—itchangesandgetsstrongerwhenyouuseit.Andscientistshavebeenabletoshowjusthowthebraingrowsandgetsstrongerwhenyoulearn.Everyoneknowsthatwhenyouliftweightsyourmusclesgetbiggerandyougetstronger.A.personwhocan'tlift20poundswhenhe/shestartsexercisingcangetstrongenoughtolift100poundsafterworkingoutforalongtimE.That'sbecausethemusclesbecomelargerandstrongerwithexercisE.Andwhenyoustopexercisingthemusclesshrinkandyougetweaker.That'swhypeoplesayUseitorloseit！Butmostpeopledon'tknowthatwhentheypracticeandlearnnewthingspartsoftheirbrainchangeandgetlargeralotlikemusclesdowhentheyexercisE.Insidethecortex皮层ofthebrainarebillionsoftinynervecellscalledneurons.Thenervecellshavebranchesconnectingthemtoothercellsinacomplicatednetwork.Communicationbetweenthesebraincellsiswhatallowsustothinkandsolveproblems.Whenyoulearnnewthingsthesetinyconnectionsinthebrainactuallymultiplyandgetstronger.Themoreyouchallengeyourmindtolearnthemoreyourbraincellsgrow.Thenthingsthatyouoncefoundveryhardorevenimpossibletodo—likespeakingaforeignlanguageordoingalgebra代数—seemtobecomeeasyafterlearningthemforaperiodoftimE.Theresultisastrongersmarterbrain.Scientistsstartedthinkingthatthehumanbraincoulddevelopandchangewhentheystudiedanimals'brains.Theyfoundoutthatanimalsthatlivedinachallengingenvironmentweremoreperspicacious—theywerebetteratsolvingproblemsandlearningnewthings.25.Accordingtothefirstparagraph________.A.thefunctionofourbrainislikethatofthemuscleB.untilnowit'simpossibletoexplainthebrain'smysteryC.manypeoplebelieveone'sintelligenceisnaturallydeterminedD.one'sbraingrowsstrongerastheageincreases26.Trainingmusclesiscomparedto________.A.usingthebrainB.connectingthingsinyourbrainC.liftingweightsD.doingresearchaboutthebrain27.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?_________A.Thecomplexstructureofthebrain.B.Howchangesinthemusclesaffectthebrain.C.Theimportanceofthebrain.D.Howthebrainbecomesstrongerbylearningnewthings.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordperspicaciousinthelastparagraphprobablymean?_______A.Strong.B.Smart.C.Popular.D.ActivE.

SurvivingHurricaneSandy飓风桑迪NatalieDoan14hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockawayNewYork.LivingjustafewblocksfromthebeachNataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhousE.It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecialshesays.OnOctober292012thatoceanturnedfierce狂暴的.ThatnightHurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoastandRockawaywashitespeciallyharD.FortunatelyNatalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgecloseD.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextdaytheyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundherpeopleweresufferingespeciallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarily临时attendaschoolinBrooklyn.InthefollowingfewdaysthemenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNataliE.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.NeighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuilD.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstomeNataliesays.butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrickwholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.WithindaysPatrick’scollectionwasreplaceD.Inthecomingmonthsherwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopherwhoreceivedanewbasketball;CharliewhogotanewkeyboarD.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastAprilshewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChangE.Todaythescars创痕ofdestructionarestillseeninRockawaybuthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclearandmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockawayNataliedeclares声明宣布.MyneighborhoodwillbebackevenstrongerthanbeforE.28.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricaneshefound______.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering29.Accordingtoparagraph4whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildB.Thepeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildingC.ThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsD.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople30.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.ShegavehertoystothekidsB.ShetookcareofyoungerchildrenC.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpD.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform31.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB.A.friendinneedisafriendindeedC.EastorWesthomeisbestD.Technologyispower

Atelescope望远镜calledGaiaisbeingdesignedbyastronomersinEuropeanditcouldn’tbemoredifferentfromPan-STARRSwhichisanothertelescopebeingdesigneD.WhilePan-STARRSwillbelookingforasteroids小行星andcometsheadedforEarthGaiawillbelookingatourentiregalaxy银河系.GaiaisdesignedtodrawamapoftheMilkyWayourhomegalaxy.JustasamapofyourtowngivesyouapictureofwherethingsarelocatedGaia’smapofthegalaxywilltellastronomerswherethestarsarE.OverfiveyearsGaiawillobserve观察aboutabillionstarsandotherobjectsinourgalaxy.Eachobjectwillbeobservedabout70times.Gaiawillbesentintospaceconnectedtoarocket.Itcontainstwotelescopeseachfocusedatadifferentangle角度.ThesetwotelescopesactlikeGaia’seyes.Thereasonwhyhumanscanseethingsin3Disthatwehavetwoeyesfocusedonthesameobjectatslightlydifferentangles.ByusingtwotelescopeslikeeyesGaiacanproducethefirst3Dmapofthepositionsofthestarsitviews.Gaiawhichistobesentintospacein2011willbeapowerfultelescopE.IfyouweretouseitonEarthforexampleyoucouldstand600milesawayfromyourbestfriendsandstillgetaclearpictureoftheirhair.Gaiaisoneofmorethanadozentelescopesbeingdesignedbyscientistsrightnow.Thenextgenerationoftelescopeswillrevealnewpartsofouruniversethatwillseemsurprising.Theuniversewithallitsplanetsstarsandotherstrangeobjectsisapuzzlewithpiecesthatwecanseebyusingpowerfultelescopes.28.HowmanydifferentanglescanGaiafocusateachtime?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.29.ThemaptobedrawnbyGaia______.A.canshoweverybuildingonEarthB.canshowyouwhereyourtownisC.willjustshowthestarsaroundEarthD.willshowwherethestarsareinourhomegalaxy30.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.WhatGaiawilldoinspacE.B.WhenGaiawillstarttowork.C.HowpowerfulGaiawillbE.D.WhatGaiawilldotoEarth.31.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhatthenextgenerationoftelescopes_______.A.seemverysurprisingtoscientistsB.willnotbeputintouseinashorttimeC.willjustlookatnewthingsinuniverseD.willbemorepowerfulthantheoldgenerations

Yourbrainhastheabilitytostoreandaccepttwokindsofthoughts:PositiveandNegativE.Somepeoplehavemorenegativethoughtsthanpositivebutmostpeopleare50/50andtheirmindsplayatugofwarperseconD.Howeverthereissomethingyoucandotogainapositivemindset.WhenyougetabadornegativethoughtintoyourmindyouneedtothinkofapositivethoughtsothatthebadornegativethoughtmakeswayforthepositiveonE.Asyoukeepdoingthisthoughtafterthoughtthepositivethoughtswillovercomethenegativeones.AstimegoesonandyourepeatthisprocessyouwillfindthatyourthoughtsandmindsetbecomepositiveandnegativethoughtswillnotevenbeallowedtoenteryourminD.Youwillbeabletobrushthemoffveryeasily.Allbademotionswillgoawaytoo.Youwillalsogainconfidenceinyourself;youcanrealizeyouhavemanygoodthingssuchasyourinnerstrengthpassionandcouragE.Thisisnotanovernightprocesssobepatientwiththisprocess.Ittookmeafewyearstofinallybeabletoexhibitthiswayoflivingonadailybasisbutsofaritisworkingoutquitenicely...IhavenotyetperfectedthisprocessandIhavealongwaytogoIthink.Rememberyoumustadheretotheprocess.Donotgiveupyourselforgiveintonegativityduringtheprocess.Nomatterhowharditseemsandwhatsituationsyouareinyoumustnotgiveup.HavingapositiveornegativemindsetisonlyachoicE.ChoosingtohaveapositivemindsetwillallowyoutoattractamazingopportunitiesandsuccessesinyourlifE.ChoosingtobenegativewillonlyattractmorenegativityandfailuresinyourlifE.Howwillyouchoosetoliveyourlife?66.Accordingtothepassagethewaytoovercomenegativethoughtsisto____.A.getridofnegativethoughtsB.acceptandstorenegativethoughtsC.findouthownegativethoughtshappenD.thinkofpositivethoughtswhentherearenegativethoughts67.Theauthorgavehisownexampletoshowthat____.A.changingone’sthoughtsisalongprocessB.positivethoughtscouldleadtosuccessC.gainingconfidenceinoneselfisaneasythingD.everyoneisbornwithinnerstrengthpassionandcourage68.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseadheretoinParagraph5mean?A.Togiveup.B.Tobringin.C.Tostickto.D.Toworkout.69.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A.A.positivemindsetisdeterminedbyoneself.B.Mostpeoplewon’tacceptnegativethoughtsatall.C.Quittheprocesswhenyoufeelit’stoohardforyou.D.Havinganegativemindsetwillnotdogreatharmtoone’slifE.70.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Don’tgiveintonegativityB.HowtogainapositivemindsetC.YoumustbelieveinyourselfD.Bepatienttochangeyourthoughts

Honey蜂蜜fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugaritisalsodelicious.Mostpeopleandmanyanimalslikeeatingit.Howevertheonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees’nest巢andtakethehoneyfromit.Oftenthesenestsarehighupintreesanditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfricathoughpeopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguidE.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoneybutitdoeslikethewax蜂蜡inthebeehives蜂房.Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswaxwhichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.Sowhenitfindsasuitablenestitlooksforsomeonetohelpit.ThehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeoplE.Onceithastheirattentionitfliesthroughtheforestwaitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenestthefollowerreachesintogetthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.SomeofthehoneyandthewaxalwaysfallstothegroundandthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitssharE.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewaxbutitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehivesandwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.33.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees’nest?A.It’ssmallinsizE.B.It’shiddenintrees.C.It’scoveredwithwax.D.It’shardtorecognizE.34.WhatdothewordsthefollowerinParagraph2referto?A.AbeE.B.A.birD.C.A.honeyseeker.D.A.beekeeper.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover’sHelper

Thesunisalwaysshining.ButitcanonlyshineononesideoftheearthatonetimE.WhenthesunisshiningononesideoftheearthitisnightontheothersidE.Atnightyoucanseethestars星星.Thestarsareintheskyallday.Butthelightfromthesunissobrightthatyoucan’tseethem.WhennightcomethereisnolightandthestarsarebrightenoughtoseE.Thestarslookverysmall.Butsomeofthemareevenbiggerthanthesun.Theylooksmallbecausetheyaresofarawayfromyou.Bigthingslookmuchsmallerwhentheyarefaraway.Thesuniscloser近totheearththanotherstarssoitlooksbigger.40.Whenitisnightthesun________.A.doesn’tshineB.shinesforashorttimeC.disappears消失D.shinesontheothersideoftheearth41Thestarslooksmallbecause________.A.theyarefarawayB.theyaresmallC.theyhavenolightD.theyareinthesky42Smallthingsmaylook________whentheyareclosE.A.biggerB.smallC.nearD.faraway43Thesunlooksbiggerthanotherstarsbecause________.A.it’sbiggerB.it’sfarawayintheskyC.itgivesmuchbrightlightD.it’sclosertotheearththanotherstars

Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.SincethenmanyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifferencE.In1997theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions排放from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.MorerecentlytheParisAgreementstuckbynearly200countriesalsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃TomeetthisminimumgoaltheAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislandsworsedrought干旱anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreementafterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribatiwhichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebeganputtingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃ThebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialagE.70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B.gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC.theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreementwhatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.ThehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethirD.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereacheD.72.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvivethemaximumtemperaturerisesincethestartoftheindustrialageshouldbe_______.A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthasdecidedthatfoodfromcloned克隆cattlepigsandgoatsissafetoeat.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationalsosaysitfoundnorisksinmeatandmilkfromclonedanimals.TheF.D.A.lookedatstudiesforseveralyearsbeforeitannounceditsdecisioninafinalreportthismonth.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturesupportedthefindings.Butitsaystimeisneededtoclearthewayformarketingmeatandmilkfromclones.TheF.D.A.willnotrequireanyproducttoberegistered注册ascomingfromclones.A.producerwouldneedtolabel标注aproductclone-free.Theagency机构saysthatcouldbemisunderstoodbecausethefoodisnotdifferentfromotherfooD.ButactivistsarguethattheF.D.A.baseditsdecisiononincompleteresearchintopossiblerisks.TheCenterforFoodSafetycriticizedtheuseofstudiessuppliedbycloningcompanies.Animalrightsactivistspointoutthatcloningattemptsoftenfail.Theysaycloningiscruelandcanleadtosuffering.Congress国会hasbeentryingtogettheF.D.A.todomorestudies.ButtheagencynotedthatexpertsinNewZealandandtheEuropeanUnionhadcometothesamefindingsaboutthesafetyoffoodfromclones.JapanSouthKoreaandTaiwansaytheywanttostudyitfurtherbeforetakingaction.Productsfromcloningmaynotbewidelyusedforseveralyears.Clonescostmuchwhichiswhytheyarenotwidelyusedforfeeding.TheAgricultureDepartmentsaysfewcloneswilleverbecomefooD.TheirtraditionallyraisedanimalswouldenterthefoodsupplyinsteaD.32.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.IsFoodfromClonedAnimalsSafe?B.A.NewClonePolicyC.A.BigDanger—ClonedFoodD.ClonedProducts—ATerribleChoice33.AllthefollowingaresureofthesafetyofclonedproductsEXCEPT_________.A.NewZealandB.JapanC.theUSAD.theEuropeanUnion34.Whyareproductsfromcloningnotwidelyusedforfeeding?A.Becausecloningattemptsoftenfail.B.Becausetheyarenotsafetoeat.C.Becausecloningiscruel.D.BecausetheyareexpensivE.35.Wherecanyouprobablyseethepassage?A.Inanovel.B.Inanewspaper.C.Inatravelleaflet.D.Inanoticeonthewall.

OneanimalwhichisstillalivebuthasalmostdisappearedfromtheworldistheChineseriverdolphinorbaiji.ThebaijiisabeautifulanimalwithagracefulbodyandalongnosE.Itisblue-greywithawhiteundersideweighsbetween100and160kilogrammesandcangrowuptoeightfeetlong.ItlivesinthemiddleandlowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiver.Mostdolphinsliveintheseasothebaijiisveryunusual.ItisoneofonlyfivekindsofriverdolphinsintheworlD.Inthepastthereweremanystoriesaboutthebaiji.Onestorysaidthatthedolphinwasreallyabeautifulprincesswhohaddrownedintheriver.Anothersaiditwasakindofhorsethatcouldgallop急速行进acrosswatercarryingGodonitsback.Sadlythesituationtodayisverydifferent.ManymillionsofpeopleliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinandtheriverisbusynoisyandpolluteD.Thebaijiisalmostblindandmovesaroundusingsounds.WithsomanyboatsandpeopleusingtherivertheanimalscannotfindtheirwayarounD.Theyareunabletofindfoodorfindeachother.Yearbyyearthenumberofbaijiintheriverbecomessmallerandsmaller.Alotofworkisbeingdonetohelpthebaiji.OnesectionoftheriverhasbeenmadeintoakindofnatureparkwherethebajijcanbesafE.FishermenworktogetherwithscientistsandtellthemwhentheyseeabajijoriftheyfindaninjuredonE.Injuredanimalsaretakentoaresearchcenterandnursedbacktobehealthy.Howeverinspiteofthesemeasuresscientistsestimate估计thatthemumberofthebajijstillaliveintherivermaybelessthan100.Ifthingscontinueastheyarethelovelycreaturewilldisappearinthenext25years.33.WhichdescriptionaboutthebaijiisWRONG?A.IthasalreadydiedoutfromtheworlD.B.Itisblue-greywithawhiteundersidE.C.ItlivesinthemiddleandlowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiver.D.Itisoneofonly5kindsofriverdolphinsintheworlD.34.ThereasonswhythebaijiisdisappearingarethefollowingEXCEPT.A.manymillionsofpeopleliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinmakingtherenoisyandpollutedB.thebaijiisblindbecauseofthepollutionandcan’tfindthewayaroundC.theboatsandpeoplearenoisymakingtheanimalscannotfindtheirwayaroundbysoundsD.theyareunabletofindfoodorfindeachotherbysoundssincetheriverisnoisy35.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.PeopleliketoliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinwithanimalsswimmingintheriver.B.Theanimalsdyingoutarebeinghuntedbyhumanbeings.C.Peoplecantakesomemeasurestosavetheanimalsdyingout.D.Therearemorebajijlivinginanatureparknow.

RecentlyIspoketosomeofmystudentsaboutwhattheywantedtodoaftertheygraduatedandwhatkindofjobprospectstheythoughttheyhaD.GiventhatIteachstudentswhoaretrainedtobedoctorsIwassurprisedtofindthatmostthoughtthattheywouldnotbeabletogetthejobstheywantedwithoutoutsidehelp.Whatkindofhelpisthat?Iaskedexpectingthemtotellmethattheywouldneedarelativeorfamilyfriendtohelpthemout.SurgeryonereplieD.IwasprettyalarmedbythatresponsE.ItseemsthatthegraduatesoftodayareincreasinglywillingtogoundertheknifetogetaheadofotherswhenitcomestogettingajoB.Onegirltoldmethatshewasconsideringsurgerytoincreaseherheight.Theybreakyourlegsputinspecialextendingscrewsandslowlyexpandthegapbetweenthetwoendsoftheboneasitregrows.Youcangetatleast5cmtaller!AtthatpointIwasshockeD.Iamshort.Ican’tdenythatbutIdon’tthinkIwouldputmyselfthroughmonthsofpainjusttobeafewcentimeterstaller.Idon’tevenbothertowearshoeswiththicksolesasI.’mnottryingtohidethefactthatIamjustnottall!Itseemstomethatthereisatrendtowardwantingperfectionandthatisanidealthatjustdoesnotexistinreality.NooneisbornperfectyetmagazinesTVshowsandmoviespresentimagesofthintallbeautifulpeopleasbeingthenorm.Advertisementsforslimmingaidsbeautytreatmentsandcosmeticsurgery整容外科手术clinicsfillthepagesofnewspapersfurthercreatinganideathatperfectionisarequirementandthatitmustbepurchasednomatterwhatthecost.Inmyopinionskillsratherthanappearanceshoulddeterminehowsuccessfulapersonisinhischosencareer.32.Wecanknowfromthepassagethattheauthorworksas.A.adoctorB.ateacherC.amodeD.areporter33.Manygraduatestodayturntocosmeticsurgeryto.A.getanadvantageoverothersinjob-huntingB.becomeamodelC.marryabetterman/womanD.attractmoreadmirers34.Accordingtothepassagetheauthorbelievesthat.A.everyoneshouldpursueperfectionwhateverthecostB.it’srightforgraduatestoaskforotherstohelpthemoutinhuntingforjobsC.mediaaretoblameformisleadingyoungpeopleintheirseekingforsurgeryD.itisone’sappearanceinsteadofskillsthatreallymattersinone’scareer35.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhisheight?A.Hehatestobecalledashortman.B.Hetriestoincreasehisheightthroughsurgery.C.Healwayswearsshoeswiththicksolestohidethefact.D.Hejustacceptsitasitis.

ThesceneintheHollywoodmovieTheDayAfterTomorrowwhereglobalwarningcouldsoonturntheglobalclimateintoanewiceagE.Mayneveroccuraccordingtonewresearch.Thenexticeagecouldbe15000yearsawaysayEuropeanscientistswholastmonthannouncedacontinuousrecordof740000yearsofclimatedataobtainedfromtheAntarcticicE.Scientistsfrom10nationshavenowalmostcompletelydrilledthrougha3000-meterdepthoficehighintheAntarcticmainlanD.Theyfigureoutthattheareawheresummertemperaturescanfallto－40℃hasatleast900000yearsofsnowfallskeptasneatlyasthegrowthringsofatreE.Andtheiceandaircaughtineachlayerhavebeguntoanswerquestionsabouttheclimatesinthepast.Theresultsshowthattherehavebeeneighticeagesinthepast740000yearsandeightwarmerperiods.AndbycomparingthepatternofglobalconditionstodaywiththoseofthepasttheresearchersreportedinNaturethatthepresentwarmperiodcouldlastanother15000years.Researchsuggeststhatthereisaverycloseconnectionbetweengreenhousegaslevelsandglobalaveragetemperatures.Italsoshowsthatcarbondioxidelevelsarethehighestforatleast440000years.Ifpeoplesaytoyou:thegreenhouseeffectisagoodthingbecausewewouldgointoaniceageotherwiseourdatasaynoanewiceageisnothangingoverourheadssaidErieWolfffromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey.NowwehaveeightexamplesofhowtheclimategoesinandoutoficeagesandyoucanlearnwhattherulesarethatgointotheclimatemodelsthattellusaboutthefuturE.Scientistsfoundthatwhenevertemperaturesroseinthefrozenrecordsodidcarbondioxidelevel.In440000yearswehaveneverseengreenhousegasgetasthickasitistodaysaidDrWolff.5.IndrillingthroughtheiceinAntarcticascientistshavefoundthaA.thelowesttemperaturethereis-40℃B.snowfallsarekeptincertainpatternsC.theicehasexistedfor15000yearsD.thedepthoficeis3000meters6.TheinformationoftheglobalclimateconditionsinthepastcanbeobtainedthroughA.separatingcarbondioxidefromtheairB.examiningthegrowthringsoftreesC.comparingtemperaturesindifferentareasD.studyingtheiceandaircaughtineachlayer7.WecaninferfromEricWolff’swordsthatA.thereissomethingwrongwiththedataB.greenhouseeffectisalwaysabadthingC.anewiceagewillnotcomeinthenearfutureD.greenhousegaswillgetthickinthefuture8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ResearchovertheAntarcticareA.B.HollywoodmoviesandtheglobalclimatE.C.Reportontheeighticeagesinthepast.D.Warmperiodtolastabout15000years.

SamAllredsuffersfromarareandincurablekidney肾脏diseasE.OnedaywhenhissisterwasplayingasongrepeatedlySamsangalong.HissisterthoughtitwasfunnysosherecordeditandpostedthevideoonlinE.Thevideo—andSam—becameahit.Only8yearsoldatthetimehecouldn’thaveexpectedtheresponsE.ThetelevisionshowTheDoctorscalledandwantedmeontheirshowsotheypaidformetogotoCaliforniasaysSamnow13andwegottostayinahotelwhereallthemoviestarsstayeD.DuringthatvisittoCaliforniaAngieAllredSam’smotherhadanideaaboutSamwritingachildren’sbook.TogethersheandSamwroteOpeningHeartswhichtellsSam’sexperienceoflivingwithachronic慢性的illness.IwrotethebooktoteachpeopletobekindertopeopleSamsays.MoreoverSamwantedtosendpillowstosickchildrenstayinginhospitalsaroundthecountrytomaketheirstaymorecomfortableanideathatcamefromatimewhenhewasinthehospital.AfewkindboyscameinwithpillowsandtheygavemeoneanditmeantalottomethatsomeonecaredaboutkidsinthehospitalsaysSam.AngiethoughtofstartinganonprofitorganizationtoprovideawayforpeopletocontributemoneytorealizeSam’sideas.ShenamedthenonprofitKindnessforKids.SincethenSamhastakenpillowstochildrenstayingatProvidenceHospitalinAnchoragE.Sam’sfatherScottAllredownsasmallbusinessthatcontracts承包shippingserviceswithFedExGrounD.Heaskedthecompanyforhelp.FedExGroundlearnedaboutSam’spillowprojectsaysErinTruxalmanagerofpublicrelationsforFedExGrounD.Wethought‘WhataperfectwayforustogetinvolveD.’ThecompanyprovidedshippingservicesforSamtoshipabout5000pillowstohospitals.Samwantstosendmorepillowstoallofthechildren’shospitalsineverystatE.Hisgoalissimple:Kidsinthehospitalashappyastheywerebeforetheygotsickhesays.24.WecanlearnfromthetextthatSamAllred_____.A.wasahealthyboyB.waspopularatanearlyageC.sangthesongwithhissisterD.workedinhisfather’scompany25.OpeningHeartsisabookthat_____.A.isabestsellerB.isaboutSam’ssisterC.waspublishedwhenSamwas13D.waswrittenbySamandhismother26.WhatisFedExGround’sattitudetowardsSam’scareer?A.Doubtful.B.SurpriseD.C.Approving.D.UninteresteD.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSamAllred?A.Optimisticandwarm-hearteD.B.HonestandresponsiblE.C.Unusualandconfident.D.FriendlyandbravE.

Gravitationalwavesaretheripples波纹inthepondofspacetimE.Thegravityoflargeobjectswarpsspaceandtimeorspacetimeasphysicistscallitthewayabowlingballchangestheshapeofatrampoline蹦床asitrollsaroundonit.Smallerobjectswillmovedifferentlyasaresult—likemarblesspiraling盘旋towardabowling-ball-sizeddent凹迹inatrampolineinsteadofsittingonaflatsurfacE.Scientistsannouncedthattheyhavesucceededindetectinggravitationalwavesfromtheviolentmerging兼并oftwoblackholesindeepspacE.Thedetectionwasregardedasavictoryforacontroversialdelicatelycraftedbillion-dollarphysicsexperimentandasconfirmationofakeypredictionofAlbertEinstein'sGeneralTheoryofRelativity.ThereisnoobviousimmediateconsequenceofthisphysicsexperimentbutthescientistssaythisopensanewwindowontheuniversE.Untilnowastronomyhasbeenalmostexclusivelyavisualenterprise:Scientistshavereliedonlightvisibleandotherwisetoobservethecosmos.Butnowgravitationalwavescanbeusedaswell.Theycouldpotentiallytakeacensusofblack-holemergersspotthecollisionsofultra-denseneutronstars中子星probetheinnerdynamicsofexplodingstarsanddiscovertheoreticalcosmicstringsleftoverfromthebigbang.ThesewaveswillbeparticularlyusefulforstudyingblackholestheexistenceofwhichwasfirstimpliedbyEinstein’stheoryandotherdarkobjectsbecausethey’llgivescientistsabrightbeacontosearchforevenwhenobjectsdon’temitactuallight.Mappingtheabundanceofblackholesandfrequencyoftheirmergerscouldgetaloteasier.SincetheypassthroughmatterwithoutinteractingwithitgravitationalwaveswouldcometoEarthcarryingundistortedinformationabouttheirorigin.Theycouldalsoimprovemethodsforestimatingthedistancestoothergalaxies.ItwillalsostartaneweraofastronomyinwhichgravitationalwavesaretoolsforstudyingthemostmysteriousandexoticobjectsintheuniversE.33.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheexperimentofgravitationalwaves?A.Itisasuccessandwasapprovedofbyall.B.Itiswelldesignedthoughtimeandmoneyconsuming.C.Itprovesthatblackholesdogiveoutgravitationalwaves.D.ItprovesoneofthekeypredictionsofEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityright.34.Whyisgravitationalwavesimportant?A.Becausescientistshavereliedonlightvisibleandotherwisetoobservethecosmos.B.Becausetheyhavebeenusedtodiscoverfactsabouttheinnerdynamicsofexplodingstars.C.Becausetheycouldmakeitpossibletoprobeobjectsintotaldarknessevenwhentheydon’tgiveoutlight.D.Becausemappingtheabundanceofblackholesandfrequencyoftheirmergerscouldbeimpossiblewithoutthem.35.Theunderlinedwordundistortedinparagraph6probablymean_______A.UnrelateD.B.Unfamiliar.C.UnchangeD.D.Unreal.

Doessolvingamathproblemgiveyouaheadache?Doyoufeelnervouswhenyousitamathexam?Formoststudentsmathcanbetoughbutscientistshaveprovedthatmathproblemscanactuallytrigger引起physicalpain.Scientistscametothisconclusionwithanin-depthexperimentwhichwaspublishedinthePublicLibraryofScienceOnejournal.Theybeganbyfindingouthowmuchparticipantsfearmath.Thoseinvolvedwereaskedaseriesofquestionssuchashowtheyfeelwhentheyreceiveamathtextbookorwhentheywalkintoamathlesson.Basedontheiranswersparticipantsweredividedintogroups.Onegroupwasmadeupofpeoplewhowereparticularlyafraidofmathandparticipantsintheothergroupweremorecomfortablewiththesubject.Bothgroupswerethengiveneithermathtasksorwordtasks.Whenamathtaskwasgoingtocomenextayellowcirclewouldappearbutwhenawordtaskwassoontocomeabluesquarewouldbeshown.Usingabrain-scanmachinescientistsnoticedthatwheneverpeoplefromGroupOnesawayellowcircletheirbrainwouldrespondinawaysimilartowhentheirbodyisfeelingpain.ItwaslikethepaintheywouldfeelforexampleiftheyburnttheirhandonahotstovE.Buttheyreactedlessstronglywhentheyknewthattheywouldbefacedwithawordtask.Howeverscientistssawnostrongbrainresponsefrompeopleinthesecondgroup.Mathcanbedifficultandforthosewithhighlevelsofmathematics-anxietyHMAmathisassociatedwithtensionapprehension忧虑andfear.WhenyouarereallythinkingaboutthemathproblemsyourmindisracingandyouareworryingaboutallthethingsthatcouldgowrongexplainedIanLyonsfromUniversityofChicagoUSleaderofthestudy.Thehigheraperson’sanxietyofamathstaskthemoreheactivatedbrainregionsassociatedwiththreatdetectionandtheexperienceofpain.Moreinterestinglythebrainactivitydisappearedwhenparticipantsactuallystarteddealingwiththemathtasks.Thismeansthatit’snotthatmathitselfhurts;rathertheexpectationofmathispainfulLyonssaiD.Basedonthestudyscientistssuggestedthatthingscouldbedonetohelpstudentsworrylessandmovepasttheirfearofmathwhichmightmeantheyperformbetterintests.72.Inthefirststagescientistsaskparticipantssomequestionsto_____.A.seewhethermathhurtsB.findouthowmuchtheyfearmathC.observehowtheirbrainresponseD.testtheirenduranceofpain73.Theunderlinedwordtheexpectationofmathisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.theattemptoflearningmathB.themotivationtoworkoutmathproblemC.theefforttounderstandmathD.theactofthinkingaboutmath74.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howtoovercomemathfear.B.PhysicalpainaffectsmathperformancE.C.Mathpaininyourbrain.D.Unknowntruthaboutpain.75.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheexperiment?A.Theexpectationofmathhasnorelationtostudents’confidenceinmath.B.Moderatemathematicanxietyimprovesstudents’academicperformancE.C.Effectivesolutionshavebeenworkedouttolowerstudents’anxietyofmath.D.PhysicalpaincausedbyHMAdisappearsintheprocessofdoingmathproblem.

Themorningforoursnowmobiling雪上汽车adventurefinallyarrivedandwesetoffonthehour-and-a-halfdrivetotheresort度假地.A.freshpowderhadfallenthenightbeforeandeverythingwasfrostedwhitE.Wecouldn’thaveaskedformoreperfectconditions.Thesunsparkledonthesnowandthetrails路线werecompletelyempty–notanotherpersonorsnowmobileinsight.Wewerethrilledatbeingtheonlypeopleformilesarounduntilwegotgoing.Aswedrovethroughthedesertedwildernessmyexcitementbecamestone-coldfear.IhadnoideawhatIwasafraidoforwhyIwasafraidbutsuddenlyeveryturneveryhilleverysteep陡峭的sideofthemountainfrightenedmetodeath.Ikeptimagineuscrashingheadlongintoatreeorfallingoffthesideofadrop.ButafterlunchthingschangeD.Weweretheonlyhumanswhohadbeentheresincethesnowfall.Thepeacefulplacetheincrediblebeautyofthelandscapeandthealmostsacredexperienceofsharingamountainwiththewildlifetouchedmyverycore核心.MymindclearedandquietedandmymusclesrelaxeD.AswedrovethelastlegoftherunIbegantoresentbeingafraidtodrivE.DeepdownIwantedtobeinchargeofthethingthatscaredmE.ItmademeangrythatfearwaskeepingmefromsomethingIreallywantedtodo.Thedaywascomingtoanendandtheresortwasonlyafewmilesaway.IknewthatifIdidn’ttakemychancenowIwouldregretit.Isignaledformyhusbandtopullover.Iwantedtodrivealthoughmyheartpounded重击.IstartedoffslowlyandfeltthewindinmyfacE.IsmiledandspedupalittlE.WithaYee-haw!Iwentfullouttakingmyhusbandonthebestrideoftheday.Weendedthedayonthatbreathlesscarefree轻松愉快的noteandIfeltproudofmyself–proudofovercomingmyfear.21.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthearticle?A.Theauthorwasconfidentasshewasdrivinginthedesertedwilderness.B.Theauthordidn’tgetworrieduntiltheystartedtodrivethroughthedesertedwilD.C.Realizingthatsheandherhusbandweretheonlypeoplearoundtheauthorbecameanxious.D.TheauthorwassonervousthatshealmostcrashedintoabigtreE.22.Accordingtothearticleafterlunchtheauthor_______.A.graduallycalmeddownB.stoppedtoenjoythebeautifulsceneryC.sawsomewildlifeonthemountainD.wasafraidtocontinueherjourney23.TheunderlinedwordresentinParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto_______.A.assumeB.undertakeC.hateD.recognize24.Whatisthestorymainlyabout?A.Whattheauthorlovesaboutsnowmobiling.B.WhatdifficultiesthecouplefacedduringtheiradventurE.C.Whatinterestedtheauthorduringhertimesnowmobiling.D.HowtheauthorovercameherfearduringheradventurE.

Apple’sipadhasbeenahugehitamongchildrenwithitseasytouseinterface界面andinnovativeapps.InfactresearcherssaytheastonishingriseoftheipadhasmeantithasnowovertakenhouseholdnamessuchasMcDonaldsandDisneytobecomethenumberonebrandamongAmerican6-12yearolds.TheannualstudyconductedbyleadingyouthandfamilyresearchfirmSmartyPantsranksmorethan250brandseachyear.iPad’snumberonestatusamongkidsrepresentsthesummitofthe‘tablettakeover’—amovementfromsharedscreensandTVnetworkdominancetoplannedcontentonpersonaldevices.SaidWynneTyreepresidentofSmartyPants.KidsincreasinglyturntoiPadforgamesTVshowsvideosbookshomeworkhelpandcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.Inthefirm’s2014studyApple’siPadwentaheadofkidbrandssuchasMcDonald’sandDisney.KidsseetheiPadastheall-in-onedigitaltoolgivingthemauniquesenseofindependencetheresearcherssay.TyreenotesthatiPad’smarchtothetophasbeendramatiC.InjustfiveyearstheiPadhasrisenfromranking109thtobeingkid’sfavoritebranD.EarlyonitcapturedtheheartsofteensandmiddleandupperclassfamiliesbutiPadisnowanindispensable不可或缺的partofchildhoodforthemasses.OnthestudyiPadwastopswithaweightedscoreof898outof1000.Disneycameat858Google’sYouTube852McDonald’s839iPhone830andApple829.DigitalentertainmentoverallisseeinganincreaseamongkidsandfamilieswithbrandssuchasNetflixHuluAmazonInstantVideoAndroidandSamsungpostingnoteworthyincreasesinthestudyameasureofkids’awarenesspopularityandloveforabranD.AlongwithiPadthesedevicesandservicesprovideentertainmentthatisalwayson.Offeringseeminglyendlessoptionstabletsanddigitalcontentprovidersaremeetingcontemporarykids’needs—withfunandconnectivitynevermorethanatapaway.24.Whatisthetablettakeovermovementaccordingtothepassage?A.InthemovementeveryoneownsaniPaD.B.ItreferstotheshiftfromwatchingTVtogethertousinganiPadseparately.C.Inthemovementpeoplebecomemoreindependentinentertainment.D.InthemovementpeoplereceivemoreinformationfromaniPadthanfromTV.25.WhatmakesaniPadappealingtothekids?A.AniPadhelpsthekidsbuildupstrongerrelationshipswiththeirparents.B.AniPadcandevelopthekids’readingskills.C.WithaniPadthekidscanbecomeabetterlearner.D.TheycanwatchTVshowsusinganiPaD.26.WhatisthecorrectrankingaccordingtoscoresfromthestudyofSmartyPants?A.Disney—YouTube—Apple—iPhone—iPad—McDonald’sB.iPad—Disney—YouTube--McDonald’s—iPhone—AppleC.iPhone—Disney—iPad--McDonald’s—YouTube--AppleD.iPad—Apple—iPhone--McDonald’s—Disney—YouTube27.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Apple’siPadcandevelopthekids’creativity.B.Tabletanddigitalproviderscannevermeetthekids’needs.C.AniPadcanprovidethekidswithmostentertainment.D.AniPad’sfunandconnectiontotheInternetattractsthekidsmost.

Silenceisunnaturaltoman.Hebeginslifewithacryandendsitinstillness.InbetweenhedoesallhecantomakeanoiseintheworldandhefearssilencemorethananythingelsE.EvenhisconversationisanattempttopreventafearfulsilencE.Ifheisintroducedtoanotherpersonandanumberofpausesoccurintheconversationheregardshimselfasafailureaworthlesspersonandisfullofenvyoftheemptiest-headedchatterbox喋喋不休唠叨的人.Heknowsthatninety-ninepercentofhumanconversationmeansnomorethanthebuzzingofaflybutheisanxioustojoininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxworkfigure.TheaimofconversationisnotforthemostparttocommunicateideasitistokeepupthebuzzingsounD.Thereareitmustbeadmitteddifferentqualitiesofbuzzthereisevenabuzzthatisasannoyingasthecontinuousnoisemadebyamosquito.Butatadinnerpartyonewouldratherbeamosquitothanaquietperson.MostbuzzingfortunatelyispleasanttotheearandsomeofitispleasanteventotheminD.Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaiteduntilhehadawisethoughttotakepartinthebuzzingwithhisneighbors.Thosewhohatetopickuptheweatherasaconversationalopeningseemtomenottoknowthereasonwhyhumanbeingswishtotalk.Veryfewhumanbeingsjoininaconversationinthehopeoflearninganythingnew.Someofthemarecontentiftheyaremerelyallowedtogoonmakinganoiseintootherpeople’searsthoughtheyhavenothingtotellthemexceptthattheyhaveseentwoorthreenewplaysorthattheyhadfoodinaSwisshotel.Attheendofaneveningduringwhichtheyhavesaidnothingmeaningfulforalongtimetheyjustprovethemselvestobesuccessfulconversationists.16.Accordingtotheauthorpeoplemakeconversationto_____.A.exchangeideasB.provetheirvalueC.achievesuccessinlifeD.overcometheirfearofsilence17.BythebuzzingofaflyParA.1theauthormeans_____.A.thenoiseofaninsectB.alowwhisperingsoundC.meaninglesstalksD.thevoiceofachatterbox18.Accordingtothepassagepeopleusuallytalktotheirneighbors_____.A.aboutwhatevertheyhavepreparedB.aboutwhatevertheywanttoC.inthehopeoflearningsomethingnewD.inthehopeofgettingonwell

TherearemanypeoplewhosayThomasEdisoninventedthetwentiethcentury.AlthoughtherearethosewhomaydisagreeyetEdisonwasoneofthegreatestinventorsinAmericA.Bornin1847inOhioThomasEdisonattendedschoolforonlythreemonths.AfterhisteachersaidthathecouldnotlearnEdison’smotherdecidedtoteachhimathomE.Therehewasallowedtostudythesubjectsthatmostinterestedhim.ByagetenEdisonhadbuiltasciencelaboratoryofhisown.Edisongothisfirstjobatagetwelveontherailwaysellingcandyandnewspapers.Thereheoncesavedaboywhosefatherwasthebossoftherailwaystation.Inreturnthebosshelpedhimalot.InhislatetwentiesEdisonbuiltaninventionfactorywhereheandhisbusinesspartnerscoulddevotealltheirtimetoinventing.AfterimprovinguponthetelephoneEdisoncreatedthephonograph留声机.AlthoughEdisondidnotactuallyinventthelightbulbhedidcreateanelectriclightingsystemwhichledtoitswidespreadusE.Edisonsetupthefirstcentralelectricpowerstationin1882soNewYorkbecamethefirstcityintheworldtohaveelectriclights.ThiswasthebeginningofthemodernworldinwhichelectricitybecameawayoflifE.ThefollowingyearoneofEdison’sengineersdiscoveredelectrons电子whichatlastledtoelectronics.WithoutelectronicswemightnothaveradioTVcomputersorspacetravel.TherestofEdison’slifewasspentmakingandimprovinginventions.ThomasEdisondiedattheageofeighty-fourin1931.ThreedayslatermuchofAmericadimmed使暗淡itslightsinhonoroftheinventor—amanwhohadmoreimpact影响onthedevelopmentofpresent-daycivilizationthananyoneelseinhistory.32.【小题1】Thepassagetellsusthat________.A.Edisondidn’tliketostudyatschoolB.EdisoninventedthelightbulbinhislatetwentiesC.evenwithoutelectronicswemighthaveradioTVcomputersorspacetravelD.NewYorkwasthefirstcityintheworldtohaveelectriclights33.【小题2】Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_________.A.Edison’steacherthoughtEdisonwasnotworthteachingB.Edison’smotherstoppedEdisonstudyingatschoolC.Edisondidn’tinventmanythingsinallhislifeD.Edisondidn’tspendhislifeworkingontheseinventionswhenhewasold34.【小题3】WhydidmanyAmericansdimtheirlightswhenEdisondied?________.A.Americanswantedtosavemoreenergy.B.Americanswereusedtodimmingtheirlights.C.Americansdimmedtheirlightsinmemoryofthegreatinventor.D.Americansweremadetodimtheirlights.35.【小题4】Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.EdisonaPoorManB.EdisonaGreatInventorC.EdisonDiedat84D.EdisonandHisChildhood

Workyourbrain!Between2and3poundsofwonderitcontrolseverythingwesaydoorthinkwhoweareandwhatwecareaboutthewaywewalkorlaughorfigureoutthingswhatwelikeandthetalentswepossesshowweseeandtalkandrunandjumpandprocessourfooD.Thebrainuses20percentofourbody'soxygenand20percentofitsblooD.Somewherewithinitsproteinfat100000milesofbloodvesselsand100billionnervecellsithelpsusrememberwhereweputourgymshoes.Changeourtemperaturesowedon'tdiebecauseoftheheatorcolD.Speedusuporslowusdown.Helpuschoosebetweenorangejuiceororange­flavoreddrinks.ItscomplexityisstunningfarbeyondanythingmostofuscanimaginE.TokeepthisworkofartaspolishedaspossibleweneedtoeatrightexerciseandkeepmentallystimulateD.Goodnutritionhelpsbraincellscommunicatewitheachother.Exercisestimulatesahormoneinourbrainthatimprovesmemory.MentalstimulationkeepsyousharpevenasyouagE.It'sveryimportantthatwetellpeopletobephysicallyactiveandmentallyactivesaidneurologistMalcolmStewart.Peoplecannotstopagingbutyou'reabletoreducethedamage;you'reabletokeepthefunctionup.FollowingareDr.Stewart'sadviceforimprovingbrainhealthlNutritionAvoidfastfooD.Followtheoldadage格言:Forbreakfasteatlikeaking;forlunchlikeaqueen;forsupperlikeabeggar.lExerciseDoacombinationofstretchingaerobicandmuscle­strengtheningeveryday.lMentalgamesTrytohaveasenseofhopeaboutthefuturE.Dopuzzles.ListentomusiC.Reachouttootherstomaketheirlivesbetter.54.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto______.A.informushowthebrainworksB.giveusadviceonhowtokeepthebrainhealthyC.tellusthatthebrainplaysanimportantroleinourlivesD.showhowspecialthebrainistous55.ThewordstunninginParagraph5means______.A.interestingB.strangeC.significantD.amazing56.Accordingtothetextmoreexercise______.A.keepsourmindsharpB.helpsimproveourmemoryC.givesourbrainarestD.isgoodforbraincellscommunicatingwitheachother57.Inordertokeepbrainhealthyweshouldavoid______.A.eatingagoodlunchB.doingpuzzlesC.eatingalargesupperD.takingaerobicexercise

SomethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicinessayUKresearchers.Theirstudyfoundthattheobrominefoundincocoawasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeinewhichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment.Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful有害的itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeandthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblemsaidProfessorPeterBarnes.Tenhealthyvolunteers志愿者weregiventheobrominecodeineorplaceboapillthatcontainsnomedicineduringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicinwhichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinearestoppingcoughs.Theteamfoundthatwhenthevolunteersweregiventheobrominethecapsaicinneedtoproduceacoughwasaroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigherleversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownaverveactivity神经活动whichcausecoughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatmentstheobrominecausednosideeffectssuchassleepiness.48.AccordingtoProfessorBarnestheobromine______.A.cannotbeaseffectiveascodeineB.canbeharmfultopeople’shealthC.cannotbeseparatedfromchocolateD.canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs49.Whatwasusedintheexperimenttocausecoughing?A.TheobrominE.B.CodeinE.C.Capsaicin.D.Placebo.50.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Codeine:A.NewMedicineB.ChocolateMayCureCoughsC.CoughTreatment:A.HardCaseD.TheobromineCanCauseCoughs

MakesomenoiseonMay7forMusicMonday.PeopleintheU.S.andCanadawillbecelebratingthedaybysingingandplayingmusicalinstrumentstogether.MusicMondayisthefirstdayofNationalWannaPlayMusicWeekwhichrunsfromMay7to13.TheNationalAssociationofMusicMerchantsNAMMorganizestheweeklongcelebrationeveryyear.ThismarkstheseventhyeartheorganizationsisteamingupwithCanada’sCoalitionforMusicEduscationCMEthegroupthatstartedMusicMonday.It’sadaytofilltheskieswithmusicandbringyoungpeopletogetherinsongCMEExecutiveDirectorHollyNimmonssaiD.TheCMEstartedMusicMondayin2005.ItisheldeveryyearonthefirstMondayofMay.Itwascreatedtohelppeoplerealizetheimportanceofmusiceducationprogramsinschoolsandincommunities.Thedayalsocelebratesthebenefitsofplayingmusicforpeopleofallages.NAMMresearchestheeffectsofmusiconchildren.TheyfoundthatplayingmusichaspositiveeffectsonthinkingskillsandonconfidencE.Italsohelpskidsgetalongwellwiththeirpeers同龄人.LearningmusicalskillscanalsohelpinyourstudiesofothersubjectssuchasmathreadingandlanguageLoraBodmerwhoworksatNAMMsaiD.Theirstudiesshowthatmusiccanalsohelppeopleformfriendshipsandconnectwithdifferentgroups.NimmonssaysanyonecanjoininonthedaynotjustthosewhoaremusicallygifteD.Ithinkthatweallhavethemusicinusandit’samatterofconfidenceshesaiD.SingwithotherpeopleorbeatdrumsjustenjoythemusiC.Participantscanturnontheradiotojoininthefun.EachyearasongischosenforMusicMonday.ThisyearthesongisTomorrowIsComingbyLukeDoucet.TheCanadianBroadcastingCorporationCBCwillbeplayingthesongat1p.m.EasternTimE.PeopleacrossNorthAmericawillplayorsingthesongattheexactsametimE.Theperformanceismeanttoconnectpeoplethroughmelody旋律.Morethan700000studentstookpartintheconcertlastyear.Schoolsafter-schoolprogramsorganizationsgroupsandindividualsthroughouttheU.SandCanadacanallparticipateinMusicMonday.Studentswhowouldliketoshareinthecelebrationshouldlettheirteacherororganizationleaderknow.ButNAMMalsoencouragespeopletopickupanyinstrumentandplayanytimeontheday.47.WhatcanweknowaboutMusicMondayaccordingtothepassage?A.NationalWannePlayMusicWeekbeginsonMonday.BItisafestivalforyoungpeoplE.C.Itwilllastatleastsevendays.D.Peoplecelebrateittwiceamonth.48.Whichofthefollowingmaybeabenefitofmusictokids?A.Kidscangetridofmanybadhabits.B.Kidsaremorelikelytodowellintheirlessons.C.Kidswouldliketoplaymorewithpeopleofallages.D.KidswillbecomegiftedatmusiC.49.HollyNimmonsprobablyagreesthat__________.A.studentswhoaregoodatmusicarepopularB.PlayingamusicalinstrumentcanshowhowgiftedyouareC.thewaytoparticipateinMusicMondayisimportantD.everyonecanhavefunonMusicMonday50.Whatdothelasttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.HowpeoplewillcelebrateMusicMonday.B.WhatstudentsshoulddoonMusicMonday.C.WhyathemesongischosenforMusicMonday.D.WherethecelebrationofMusicMondaywillbehelD.

Lifeisfullofsurprisesandyouneverknowhowthingswillturnout.SirJohnGurdonisagoodexampleofthis.Asaboyhewastoldhewashopelessatscienceandfinishedbottomofhisclass.Nowaged79theverysameGurdonsharedthe2012NobelPrizeinMedicinewithJapanesestemcell干细胞researcherShinyaYamanakA.LikesomanyscientistsGurdonshowsuswherethepowerofcuriosityandperseverance坚持不懈canleaD.Attheageof15in1948Gurdonrankedlastoutofthe250boysathishighschoolinbiologyandeveryothersciencesubjectGurdon’shighschoolscienceteacherevensaidthathisdreamofbecomingascientistwasquiteridiculous.Inspiteofhisteacher’scriticismsGurdonfollowedhiscuriosityandkeptworkingharD.HewenttothelabearlyandleftlaterthananyoneelsE.Heexperiencedthousandsoffailures.MyownbeliefisthatwewillintheendunderstandeverythingabouthowcellsactuallyworkGurdonsaiD.In1962Gurdontookacellfromanadultfrogandmoveditsgenetic基因的informationintoaneggcell.Theeggcellthengrewintoaclone克隆oftheadultfrog.ThistechniquelaterhelpedtocreateDollythesheepin1996thefirstclonedmammalintheworlD.In2006Gurdon’sworkhasdevelopedbyYamanakatoshowthatasample样本ofaperson’sskincanbeusedtocreatestemcells.Usingthistechniquedoctorscanrepairapatient’sheartafteraheartattack.LuckfavorsthepreparedmindGurdontoldtheNobelPrizeOrganization.Ninetypercentofthetimethingsdon’tworkbutwhentheydoyouhavetocatchthechancE.1.Whowonthe2012NobelPrizeinMedicine?A.SirJohnGurdonB.ShinyaYamanakaC.SirJohnGurdonandShinyaYamanakaD.Gurdon’sscienceteacher2.Inwhatorderarethefollowingsmentionedinthepassage?A.createthesheepDollyB.takeacellfromanadultfrogC.useaperson’sskintocreatestemcellsD.moveafrog’sgeneticinformationintoaneggcellE.growintoacloneofafrogA.b-d-e-a-cB.b-a-c-d-eC.b-d-a-c-eD.b-e-d-a-c3.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordridiculousmeaninChinese?A.无知的B.荒废的C.荒谬的D.无畏的4.Accordingtothepassagewhichstatementistrue?A.AsaboyGurdonwastoldhewashopeful.B.Gurdonrankedfirstathishighschoolinbiology.C.It’simpossibleforthedoctorstorepairapatient’sheartafteraheartattack.D.Inspiteofhisteacher’scriticismsGurdonkeptworkingharD.5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Ninetypercentofthetimethingsdon’twork.B.LuckfavorsthepreparedminD.C.Lifeisfullofsurprises.D.Howtoknowcellsactuallywork.

Someinventionsaresousefulbutseemsosimplethatwewonderwhynoonethoughtofthemlongago.Post-itNotesthepiecesofpaperthatyoucanfastenalmostanywhereandthenremovewithoutleavinganysignthattheywerethereareanexampleofsuchaninvention.Post-itNoteswereinventedabouttwentyyearsagobyArtFryascientistat3MCorporation.Theideafortheproductcamefromafrustratingexperienceheoftenhadwhilesinginginhischurchchoir.Fryusedpiecesofpaperasbookmarkstomarktheplacesinhisbookofsongsbutthesebookmarkswerealwaysfallingout.Heknewheneededabookmarkthatwouldstaywhereheputitbutthathecouldremovewithoutdamagingthepages.AroundthattimeFryheardaboutanewadhesive粘合剂thatacolleague同事Dr.SpenceSilverhadcreateD.Thisadhesivewasspecialbecauseitwasstickybutnottoosticky.ItwasstrongenoughtoholdpaperstogetherbutweakenoughtonottearthepaperwhenitwasremoveD.Frysawthatthenewadhesivecouldhelpsolvehisbookmarkproblem.OnemorningFryputsomeoftheadhesiveontheedgeofapieceofpaper.Justashehopeditmadeaperfectbookmark.AshorttimelaterFryrealizedthathisnewinventionhadevenmoreusesthanbeingagreatbookmark.HecametothisrealizationwhenhewroteanoteononeofhisnewbookmarksandattachedittoareporthewasgoingtogivetoacolleaguE.Soonco-workerswereaskingFryformoresamples样品ofhisinventionsothattheycouldusethenewtypeofnotesthemselves.Fryandsomeotherpeopleat3Mbelievedsomuchinthenewproductthattheypersuadedthecompanytogiveawaythousandsofthestickypiecesofpaperfortrialuse试用.Whensomesalespeopleat3Mwenttoofficesandshowedworkersjusthowhelpfulthenewtypeofnotescouldbetheyimmediatelyreceivedmanyorders.AsmoreandmorepeoplediscoveredhowusefulPost-itNotescouldbetheproducttookoff.13.TheinventionofPost-itNotesshowedthatArtFry________.A.hadalotofknowledgeB.wasveryhard-workingC.wasgoodatcreativethinkingD.lovedhisjobinthechurch14.InwhatwaydidDr.SpencehelpA.rtFry?A.TheyworkedtogetherandoftendiscussedsciencE.B.HisinventionofaspecialadhesivemadeArt'sinventionpossiblE.C.Hepersuaded3MCorporationtogiveawaylotsofPost-itNotesfortrialusE.D.HecooperatedwithArtbyprovidingthenewadhesiveforArt.15.WhichofthefollowingisapossibleuseofPost-itNotes?A.A.noteonafriend'sdoor.B.Ane-mailtoafrienD.C.A.postcardfromabroaD.D.Anadinanewspaper.

WhileIwillexplainabitaboutthescienceofstressandrelaxationalittlelaterinthechapterasimplewaytothinkaboutitisthatourbody’sstressresponseworkslikeacaralarm.Itisdesignedtokeepussafebywarningusofthepresenceofdangerinourimmediateenvironment.Butinsteadofwarninguswithaloudandannoyingsoundourbodyalarmsystemletsusknowthatsomethingiswrongbycreatingchangesinourneurochemistry神经化学.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedpaininyourstomachperiodsofextremeangerinabilitytofocusoreveninsomnia失眠chancesareyourbodywaspayingthepriceinthosemomentsforthebrainchemistryofstress.Soifit’ssouncomfortablewhynotjustgetridofstressaltogether?Thisisnotonlyimpracticalitwouldbedangerous.Let’sgobacktothemetaphor比喻说法ofthecaralarm.IfthealarmisturnedoffaltogetherthecarisexposedtocontinualdangerwithouttherebeinganywayofyourknowingaboutituntilitistoolatE.Itwouldbelikewalkingthroughthejunglewithoutanyfearsignalinthepresenceofapoisonoussnakeorotherdangerousanimals—whileitmightfeelnicetobesorelaxedyourbodyactuallyneedsthestressresponsenotonlytoremindyouofdangerbutalsotoofferextraadrenaline肾上腺素foryourheartandextrabloodandoxygenforyourarmsandlegs.Howeverifthecaralarmgoesoffatanytimesomeonejustlooksatthecarwithabitofanatti-tudeanditbecomesequallyuseless.Notonlydowestoppayingattentiontoitbutitbeginstodriveusandeveryonearoundusbecomesalittlebitcrazy.Inthecaseofourbodieswalkingaroundinaconstantstateofalarmalsohassomeprettyalarminghealthconsequenceswhichwewillexploreingreaterdepthinthenextchapter.25.Ourbody'sstressresponseiscomparedtoacaralarminthat_.A.theyworkallthetimeB.theybothgiveasignalC.theyworkinthesamewayD.theybothproduceasound26.Whenourbodyalarmsystemworks_.A.wefeelcalmB.wefeelexcitedC.somechangeshappeninourbrainD.somechangeshappeninourheart27.Whatwouldhappenifstressweregotridofcompletely?A.We'11befreeofworries.B.We'11achieveasenseofsafety.C.We'11reachaperfectstateofminD.D.We'11failtorealizethepossibledanger.28.What’sthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofwalkingthroughtheJungleinParagraph4?A.Toshowtheharmofstress.B.Toshowtheeffectofstress.C.ToexplainthefunctionofstressresponsE.D.ToexplainthenecessityofstressresponsE.

EarlierthisyearthesocialmediawebsiteFacebookannouncedthatitwouldworkwithseveralnewsorganisations—includingTheNewYorkTimesTheGuardianandtheBBC—toplacenewsstoriesdirectlyintousers’personalFacebookwebpagE.StoriespublishedusingFacebookInstantwillloadmorequicklyandkeepthestyleoftheoriginalpublisherwhowillkeepalltheadvertisingincomethestoriesearn—atleastfornow.Thedealshowshowimportantsocialmediahasbecometonewsorganisationsandisaclearsignofhowtheworldofnewsischanging—andhasbeenforawhilE.WhenGoogleNewsbeganin2002manysawitasthedeathofthenewspaper.Ithadnohumaneditor.InsteadGoogleusedandstillusesasecretcomputerprogramthatselectsanddisplaysnewsstoriesaccordingtothereader’spersonalinterests.MorerecentlyAssociatedPressandYahoo!havebeenpunishingcomputer-writtenarticles.Bothusespecialsoftwaretoautomaticallyproducestoriesaboutcompanyfinancialresultsandsportsreports—areaswherethequalityofwritingisfelttobeofsecondaryimportancetotheaccuracyofthedatA.Shouldwebeworriedaboutsuchdevelopments?IthinkweshoulD.OneconcernisthatfacebookGoogleandothersocialmediawebsitesseejournalismasasidelineawayofputtingpeopleinfrontofadvertisements.Itisn’ttheirprimaryfunction—soifitstopsmakingthemlotsofmoneythey'relikelytostopdoingit.There’salsoaconcernthatcomputer-writtenarticlesarenotactuallyjournalismatallbecausewhatahumannewsteamproducesisactuallyquitecomplex.A.well-writtennewsstoryputsinformationincontextoffersavoicetoeachsideofanargumentandbringsthepublicnewknowledgE.Thougheconomicsandspeedofdeliverymeanreaderswillprobablychooseacomputer-writtenstoryoveracarefullyshapedarticle—atleastfordailynews—Idon'tthinkthecomputerswillbewritinganyin-deptharticlesforawhileyet.12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.ToreportonanewcomputerserviceofferedbyFacebook..B.Toadvisereadersagainstreadingcomputer-writtennews.C.Toexpressconcernaboutrecenttrendsinonlinenews.D.Todescribetheprocessofonlinenewsreporting.13.Computer-writtennewsreportshavesofarfocusedonsportsandfinancebecause________.A.thesearethemostpopulartopicsforonlinereadersB.therearefewerjournalistsspecialisingintheseareasC.informationonthesetopicsismoreeasilyavailableD.writingstyleislessimportantthanaccuracyintheseareas14.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordItinParagraph3referto?A.Journalism.B.Advertising.C.Facebook.D.Business.15.InParagraph4whichofthefollowingismentionedasacharacteristicofawell-writtennewsarticle?A.Theinformationpresentedisup-to-datE.B.Theauthor'sopinionisclear.C.DifferentviewsonthetopicarepresenteD.D.ThelanguageusedisviviD.

TheiPhonetheiPadandtheiPoD.EachofApple'sproductssoundscoolandhasbecomeafashion.Applehascleverlytakenadvantageofthepoweroftheletteriandmanyotherbrandsarefollowingsuit.TheBBC'siPlayerwhichallowsWebuserstowatchTVprogramsontheInternetadoptedthetitlein2008.A.lovelybearpopularintheUSandUKthatplaysmusicandvideoiscallediTeddy.A.slimmed-downversionofLondon'sIndependentnewspapercameoutlastweekunderthenamei.Ingeneralsingle-letterprefixeshavebeenpopularsincethe1990swhentermssuchase-mailande-commercefirstcameintousE.MostiproductsareaimedatyoungpeopleandconsideringthemajorreadersofIndependent’siitisnosurprisethatthey'vechosenthisfashionablenamE.Butit'shardtoseewhat'ssospecialabouttheletteri.Whynotuseaborcinstead?AccordingtoTonyThorneheadoftheLanguageCenteratKing'sCollegeLondoniworksbecauseitsmeaninghasbecomeambiguous.WhenAppleusesinooneknowswhetheritmeansInternetinformationindividualorinteractiveMr.ThornetoldBBCMagazinesEvenwhenApplecreatedtheiPaditseemsitdidn'thaveonecleardefinition.HoweverthankstoApplethetermisnowassociatedwithportability轻便addsThornE.ClearlytheletterialsoagreeswiththeideathattheWesternWorldiscenteredontheindividual.Eachpersonbelievestheyhavetheirownneedsandtheylovepersonalizedproductsforthisreason.AlongwithGoogleandTwitterreadersofBBCMagazinesvotediasoneofthetop20wordsthathavecometodefinethelastdecadE.Butashistoryshowsfashionscomeandgo.Fromthe1900sto1990sproductswith2000intheirnamesbecamefashionableastheyearwasassociatedwithallthingsadvancedandmodern.HoweverasweenteredthenewcenturythetrendinevitablydisappeareD.12.PeopleusetheiPlayerto_________.A.listentomusicB.makeacallC.readnewspapersD.watchTVprogramsonline13.FromthepassageweknowthattheIndependent’siisaimedat_________.A.oldreadersB.youngreadersC.fashionablewomenD.engineers14.Nowadaystheitermoftenremindspeopleoftheproductswhichare_________.A.portableB.advancedC.recyclableD.environmentallyfriendly15.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethat__________.A.iproductsareoftenofhighqualityB.alliproductshavesomethingtodowithInternetC.thepopularityofiproductsmaynotlastlongD.theiTeddyisalivebear

InNewYorkstudentsat18schoolsparticipateinaprogramcalledWeFutureCyclE.StartedbyAnnaGiordanoin2014itteacheskidstorecyclecompost制成堆肥andreducefoodwastE.Lunchareasattheparticipatingschoolsareequippedwiththreeclearlymarkedbins-compostrecycleandsharE.Whilethefirsttwoarecommoninschoolsthethirdisrarewherekidscanputtheirunwanteddrinksfruitsandevenuntouchedsandwiches.Itemsinthecontainerareavailableforanystudentthatwantsthem.Whateverremainsattheendofthedayisdonatedtothefoodbank.Giordanosaysthethreebinshavehelpedreducethenunoftrashbagsfromanaverageof22tojust2!Toensurekidsadoptsimilarhabitsathomethenon-profithascreatedextensivecurriculumtoeducatefamiliesabouttheimportanceofsortingwasteintotheproperstreamsofrecyclingcompostingtrashandfoodt0donate-Theyalsourgeparentshaveconvcrsationswiththeirkidsaboutfoodchoices.Butaswe'reallawarekidsaren'tonlyonesthatWastefood-adultsareepuallybadifnotworse!TopreventthatJoshTreuhaftfoundedSalvageSupperclubin2014.Theoccasionallyorganizeddinnerspromisepeopleatastymulti-courscmealforamere550USDperperson.Itisalsoaplantosavewastebecausethedeliciousfoodismadefromvegetablesthatarepasttheirprimeandthereforeheadedforthetrashbin.Theothercatch?Customershavetoeattheirmealsinsideadumpster大型垃圾装卸车!Theplaceofcourseistotallyclean.ItisiustasymbolicgesturE.InadditiontohelpingpeoplerethinktheiractionsTreuhaftalsohelpsthemtodogoodbydonatingpartoftheprofitstonon-profitsdevotedtofightingagainstfoodwastE.32.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A.TheimportanceofsavingfooD.B.WaystoformthehabitofsavingfooD.C.PositivemovestoreducefoodwastE.D.ThereasonsforcallingonpeopletosharefooD.33.FromthesecondparagraphwecaninferthatA.studentsaremoregenerousB.theprogramenjoysasuccessinschoolsC.foodiswastedseriouslyinallschoolsD.studentsshownointerestintheprogram34.WhatdoweknowaboutWeFutureCycle?A.Ithasaverylonghistory.B.Itdonatesitsprofitstoschools.C.Iteducatesparentsaswellaschildren.D.Itoccasionallyprovidespeoplewithfreedinner.35.WhatisthesignificanceofeatinginadumpsteraccordingtoTreuhaft?A.Itisnicerandcleaner.B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Itcansavemuchmoneyandenergy.D.Itcanhelppeoplethinkaboutthefoodwasteproblem.

DietCokedietPepsidietpillsno-fatdietvegetabledietWearesurroundedbytheworddieteverywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologically心理andphysically.Dietproductsgreatlyweakenuspsychologically.Ononelevelwearenotallowingourbraintoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallylosingtheweightbutincontrollingtheamountoffattyhigh-calorieunhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale秤insteaD.Allwehavetodoistorecognizetheworddietinfoodlabels.Onanotherleveldietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrinkwearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon’thavetoworktogetresults.DietproductsmakepeoplebelievethatgaincomeswithoutpainandthatlifecanbewithoutstrugglE.ThedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonusbutalsointhephysicalharmthattheycausE.Dietfoodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseeatingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients.Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocalorieonlybecausethedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.DietproductsmaynotbenutritionalandthechemicalsthatgointodietproductsarepossiblydangerousinthefuturE.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonusitistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofmindsnotinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizethiswewillbemuchbetterabletoresistdietproductsandthereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.65.FromParagraph1welearnthat__________.A.dietproductsfailtobringoutpeople’spotentialB.peoplehavedifficultyinchoosingdietproductsC.dietproductsaremisleadingpeopleD.peoplearetiredofdietproducts66.Onepsychologicaleffectofdietproductsisthatpeopletendto_________.A.tryoutavarietyofdietfoodsB.thinktwicebeforetheyenjoydietfoodsC.payattentiontotheirowneatinghabitsD.watchtheirweightratherthantheirdiet67.Dietproductsindirectlyharmpeoplephysicallybecausesuchproducts______.A.areover-takenB.areshortofbasicnutrientsC.havenochemicalsD.providetoomuchenergy68.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion结论

TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.

ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatcitieswithsomekindoffunctioningecosystemsmakeforbetterplacesforhumanstolivE.MoreplantsandanimalsincitiesmakeforhappierhealthierpeoplE.AstudyconductedongreenspacesinSheffieldEnglandforinstancerevealedthatthegreaterthebiodiversity生物多样性thegreaterthepsychologicalwell-being健康ofthecity’scitizens.InParisresearchersfoundthatgettingcitizenstotakepartinday-longactivitiesinvolvingurbanwildlifeopenedtheireyestothenaturalworldforatimeatleast.FewcitieshavebeenassociatedwithurbanecologyforaslongasBerlin.SloweconomicrecoveryaftertheSecondWorldWarmeantthatreconstructionwouldtakealongtimE.Thisprovidedlocalecologistswiththeidealconditionstodevelopanambitiousecologicalresearchprograminthebombed-outwastelandsofWestBerlinsaidJensLachmundasociologistattheUniversityofMaastrichtintheNetherlands.ThepioneeringworkinBerlinhadseveralconsequencesespeciallytheformationofsignificantnaturalspaceswithinthecitysuchastheS.üdgel?ndeNaturePark.BerlinhasindeedbenefittedalotfrombeingacasestudyinurbanecologysaidLachmunD.TherecentresearchconductedbyMarkGoddardabiologistattheUniversityofLeedsandhiscolleaguesconfirmedtheimportanceofnaturalspaceswithinanurbansetting.GoddardandhisteamconductedastrikingglobalanalysisofbirdandplantdiversityquantifyingtheinfluenceofurbanizationonlevelsofbiodiversityaroundtheworlD.Functioningurbanecosystemswillbeextremelyimportanttohumanhealthandwell-beingsaidGoddarD.Citiestakeupjust3%ofthelandsurfaceareayetaccordingtothemostrecentfigurefromtheUnitedNationssome3.6billionpeoplejustover50%oftheglobalpopulationnowliveinurbanareas.By2050thisfigureisexpectedtoriseto6.3billion.WithoutanimalsandplantstokeepuscompanyitisadarkfuturE.28.ThefindingsinParagraph2arementionedtoexplainthelinkbetween________.A.citizensandtheirwell-beingB.greenspacesandurbanwildlifeC.urbanecologyandcitizens’well-beingD.functioningecosystemsandthenaturalworld29.WhatwouldbeGoddard’sattitudetowardsBerlin’swork?A.Cautious.B.NegativE.C.Uncaring.D.Admiring.30.Theauthorusesfiguresinthelastparagraphtoshow________.A.thenegativeeffectofoverpopulationB.theimportanceofurbanecosystemsC.theseriousproblemsofcitylifeD.therapidgrowthofurbanareas31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Shouldmorepeopleliveinurbanareas?B.ShouldBerlinhavemorenaturalspaces?C.Shouldcitiesbeforanimalsandplantstoo?D.Shouldtheglobalpopulationbecontrollednow?