A rocket began countdown（倒数计秒）. It was a common sound in the 1960s. But this was not just another countdown. It was the beginning of a historic event. It was the countdown for Apollo 11 — the space flight that would carry men to the first landing on the moon. 　　In the spaceship at the top of the rocket were three American astronauts whose names would soon be known around the world: Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin and Michael Collins. 　　Neil Armstrong was the commander of the spaceship. Edwin Aldrin was the pilot of the moon lander. The astronauts gave it the name the EaglE. Michael Collins was the pilot of the command module（驾驶舱）, ColumbiA. He would wait in orbit around the moon while Armstrong and Aldrin landed and explored the surfacE. 　　On Earth, all activity seemed to stop. President Richard Nixon gave federal government workers the day off to watch the moon landing on television. Around the world, 500 million people watched the television report. Countless millions more listened on their radios. 　　Armstrong and Aldrin started the lander rocket enginE. It slowed the spacecraft and sent it down toward the landing placE. It was in an area known as the “Sea of Tranquility”. 　　The moon lander, controlled by a computer, dropped toward the airless surface of the moon. 140 meters from the surface, the astronauts took control of the lander from the computer. They moved the Eagle forward, away from a very rocky area that might have caused a difficult landing. 　　It took the astronauts more than three hours to complete the preparations for leaving the lander. It was difficult—in the Eagle’s small space—to get into space suits that would protect them on the moon’s surfacE. 　　Finally, Armstrong and Aldrin were ready. They opened the door. Armstrong went out first and moved slowly down the ladder. At 2:56 on July 20th, 1969, Neil Armstrong put his foot on the moon. 　　“That’s one small step for man,” he said, “one giant leap for mankinD.” 5. Why did the three American astronauts on Apollo 11 soon become famous around the world? 　A. Because people had never seen such brave astronauts as them beforE. 　B. Because the first landing on the moon attracted the world’s attention. 　C. Because people all over the world watched the moon landing on TV livE. 　D. Because President Richard Nixon thought highly of what they diD. 6. Armstrong and Aldrin moved the Eagle forward before it landed on the moon’s surface in order to _____. 　A. reach the area called the “Sea of Tranquility” 　B. look for a rocky area for landing 　C. complete the preparations for leaving the lander 　D. choose a flat place for a safe landing 7. It took a long time for Armstrong and Aldrin to leave the Eagle because _____. 　A. they had difficulty in putting on their space suits in the Eagle’s small space 　B. they had so many things to deal with before leaving 　C. they needed enough time to get used to the airless conditions on the moon 　D. the landing caused some troubles for the Eagle 8. What Neil Armstrong said in the last paragraph means that _____. 　A. his first step on the moon was a historic achievement for mankind 　B. many people made contributions to the first flight to the moon 　C. more would be achieved after the first landing on the moon 　D. greater efforts would have to be made to further explore the space

Couldyourcellphonegiveyoucancer?Whetheritcouldornotsomepeopleareworryingaboutthepossibilitythatphonespowerlinesandwi-ficouldberesponsibleforarangeofillnessesfromrashestobraintumors.Somesaythereisevidencetosupportthegrowinganxieties.DavidCarpenteraprofessorofenvironmentalhealthsciencesattheuniversityatAlbanyinNewYorkthinksthere’sagreaterthan95percentchancethatpowerlinescancausechildhoodleukemia白血病.Alsothere’sagreaterthan90percentchancethatcellphonescancausebraintumors.It’sapparentnowthatthere’sarealrisksaidCarpenter.ButothersbelievetheseconcernsareunjustifieD.DrMarthaLinettheheadofradiationepidemiology流行病学attheUSNationalCancerInstitutehaslookedatthesameresearchasCarpenterbuthasreachedadifferentconclusion.Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonessaidLinet.Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger.StudiessofarsuggestaweakconnectionbetweenEMFs电磁场andillness—soweakthatitmightnotexistatall.A.multinationalinvestigationofcellphonesandbraincancerin13countriesoutsidetheUShasbeenunderwayforseveralyears.It’sfundedinpartbytheEuropeanUnioninpartbyacellphoneindustrygroup.Thefinalreportshouldcomeoutlaterthisyearbutdatasofardon’tsuggestastronglinkbetweencellphoneuseandcancerrisk.12.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatsomepeopleareworriedbecause_______.A.theyhaveevidencethattheuseofcellphonescanleadtocancerB.theymakeafussovercellphoneuseC.someexpertshavegivenawarningD.cellphonesareresponsibleforbraintumors13.BysayingIdon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonesDrMarthaLinethastheideathat_______.A.theworryingisunnecessaryB.cancer-warninglabelsshouldbeoncellphonesC.thereisalinkbetweencellphonesandcancerD.cellphoneshavenothingtodowithcancer14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthedebate?A.OptimistiC.B.ObjectivE.C.OppositE.D.Casual.15.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Cellphones:isthereacancerlink?B.Thereisalinkbetweencellphoneandcancer.C.A.researchonthecellphonE.D.Thecellphoneandradiationepidemiology

ItdoesnotcomeasasurprisethatDubaihasagrowingproblemwithtragic.Thelocalrulershaveexploredalltheconventionalwaystogettrafficmovingagainincludinghigherpricesforparkingfuelandinsurance.ButatarecentconferenceinHamburgHussainLootahsaidthatthecitymayadoptamorestrictapproachsettinganincomelevelforvehicleownership.MrLootah’sapproachisunlikelytobecopiedwidelybutmayorsofotherbigcitiesaroundtheworldarestartingtothinkabouttakingsevereactionsoftheirownincludingcompletecarbansininnercities.Buttheeffortsmaynotbeenoughtoreducetrafficandpollution.Theproblemswillonlygetworsethenumberofvehiclessoldgloballyeachyearwillgrowfromaround80milliontodaytomorethan100millionbytheendofthedecadeaccordingtoIHSAutomotive.Therearealreadyahandfulofcar-freecommunitiesaroundtheworld.ButthesearetypicallysmallandoftentouristdestinationsthatseektocreateathrowbackintimesuchasSarkIslandintheEnglishChannel.Thelargestear-freeurbanareaisprobablyVenicewhereitisimpossibletobuildroadsandbridgestolinkthemorethan100smallislandsthecitysitson.Yetpedestrianmallsandothercar-freezoneskeeppoppingupincitiesaroundtheworld.Somecitiesareconsideringwaystolimitcentralcityaccesstogreenmachinessuchasbattery-electricvehicles.Hamburgisperhapsthefurthestalong.SuchextremeplansmayflyinacitysuchasHamburg.Butinmanyothercitiesthepoliticalresistanceeventolessfar-reachingmeasuresishardtoovercome.MichaelBloombergNewYork’sformermayortriedtwicetointroduceajamchargeformuchofManhattanbuthisplanswererejectedbystatelawmakers.32.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Dubaigovernmenttriestoimproveitslocalincomes.B.Dubaigovernmenttriestosolvetrafficproblems.C.Dubaigovernmenttriestoreducepricesforparking.D.Dubaigovernmenttriestooffermoreinsurancetolocals.33.Whyisitstillhardtoreducetrafficproblems?A.BecauseMrLootah’sapproachwillbecopiedwidely.B.Becausemayorstakegentlemeasurestowardthem.C.Becausemorevehicleswillbesoldgloballyeachyear.D.Becausecompletecarbansininnercitiesarenotmade.34.WhatcausesVenicetobethelargestcar-freeurbanarea?A.Itsnaturalgeographicalcharacteristics.B.Itstoomanytouristdestinations.C.Itsreducednumberofcars.D.Itsgovernmentlawoncarfree.35.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?A.Greenmachinescanbeaccessibleincentralcity.B.Allvehiclescanbeusedincentralcity.C.Hamburgmaynotadoptgreenmachines.D.Peoplecanonlywalkincentralcity.

TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.

TheweatherpredictionsforAsiain2050readlikeastoryfromadoomsdaymoviE.Manyexpertsandgreengroupsfeartheywillcometrueunlessthereisaunitedglobalefforttoholdbackgreenhousegasoutpouring.InthedecadestocomeAsia—hometomorethanhalftheworld's63billionpeople—willchangefromoneclimateextremetoanotherwithtiredfarmersbattlingdroughtsfloodsdiseasefoodshortagesandrisingsealevels.It'snotaprettypicturesaidSteveSawyerclimatepolicyadviserwithGreenpeaceinAmsterdam.GlobalwarmingandchangesofweatherpatternsarealreadyoccurringandthereismorethanenoughcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegasesintheatmospheretodriveclimatechangefordecadestocomE.AlreadychangesarebeingfeltinAsiabutworseislikelytocomE.Sawyerandtopclimatebodiessayandcouldleadtomassmigrationandwidespreadhumandisasters.AccordingtopredictionsicebergswillmeltfastersomePacificandIndianOceanislandswillhavetoevacuateorbuildseadefensesstormswillbecomestrongerandinsectsandwater-bornediseaseswillmoveintonewareasastheworldwarms.Allthiscomesontopofrisingpopulationsanddemandforfoodwaterandotherresources.ExpertssayenvironmentalworseningsuchasdeforestationandpollutionwilllikelyenlargetheresultsofclimatechangE.InwhatcouldbeasignofthefutureJapanwashitbyarecordof10typhoonsandtropicalstormsthisyearwhiletwo-thirdsofBangladeshpartsofNepalandlargeareasofnortheasternIndiawerefloodedaffecting50millionpeopledestroyinglivelihoodsandmakingtensofthousandsill.Theyearbeforeawintercoldstrikeandasummerheatwavekilledmorethan2000peopleinIndiA.32.Thispassageismainlyabout________.A.presentsituationandpredictionsofenvironmentalproblemsinAsiA.B.theweatherpredictionsforAsiainthefutureandthereasonsC.howtoimproveourenvironmentD.reasonswhytheworldwillnolongerbesuitableforustolivein33.InthefuturetheAsianfarmerswillhavetofacethefollowingexcept________.A.foodshortagesB.warsC.droughtsD.floods34.Theunderlinedworddoomsdayinthefirstparagraphmaymean________.A.thehellB.theendoftheworldC.agreatworldwarD.mystery35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Asianclimatewillchangegreatly.B.SomeislandsmaybefloodedinthefuturE.C.Peoplemaymeetwithsomenewdiseasesresultingfromwater.D.Morethan50millionpeoplehavebeenillinAsiatheyearbeforE.

Iwaspuzzled!Whywasthisoldwomanmakingsuchacomplaintaboutourwaytodealwithanoldbushwhichwasofnousetoanybody?Shehadwrittenletterstothelocalpapereventoanationaltoprotestaboutourprojectedby-passtohervillageandlookingatamaptheroutewasnowherenearwhereshelivedanditwasn’tasiftheareawasattractivE.IwasmorethanpuzzledIwasintrigueD.Iwantedtoknowwhatitwasthatmotivatedher.SoitwasthatIfoundmyselfknockingonacottagedoorbeingreceivedbyMarySmithandthenbeingtakenforawalktothewoods.I’vealwayslovedthisplaceshesaidithasalotofmemoriesformeandforothers.Weallusedit.Theycalledit‘Loverslane’.It’snotmuchofalaneanditdoesn’tgoanywhereimportantbutthat’swhyweallcameherE.Tobeawayfrompeopletobebyourselves.SheaddeD.ItwasindeedpleasantthatdayandthesongsofmanybirdscouldbehearD.Squirrelsgazedfromthebranchesquiteboldintheirmovementsobviouslyfewpeoplepassedthiswayandtheyhadnothingtofear.Icouldimaginethenoiseofvehiclespassingthroughthesepeacefulwoodswhentheby-passwasbuiltsoIfeltthatsheprobablyhadsomethingtherebutasIholdstrongopinionsabouttheneedsofthecommunityover-ridingtheopinionsofprivateindividualsIsaidnothing.Thevillagewasquiteadistantanddangerousplacebecauseofthetrafficespeciallyforoldpeopleandchildrentheirsafetywasmoreimportanttomethananoldwoman’swhims怪念头.TakethistreeshesaidpausingafterashortwhilE.ToyouitisjustthatatreE.Notunlikemanyothershere.Shegentlytouchedthebark.Lookhereunderthisbranchwhatcanyousee?ItlooksasifsomeonehasdoneabitofcarvingwithaknifeIsaidafteracursory草率的inspection.Yesthat’swhatitis!shesaidsoftly.Therearelettersandalover’sheart.Ilookedagainthistimemorecarefully.Theheartwasstillthereandtherewasanarrowthroughit.Thelettersononesidewereindistinctbutontheotheran‘R’wasclearlyvisiblewithwhatlookedlikean‘I’afterit.Somebuddingromance?IaskedDidyouknowwhotheywere?OhyesIknewthemsaidMarySmithitsaysRHlovesMS.AfterapauseshewentonHehadapenknifeandIhelpedhimtocarvemyinitials.Wewereverymuchinlovebuthewasgoingawayandcouldnottellmewhathewasinvolvedinthearmy.IhadguessedofcoursE.ItwasthelasteveningweeverspenttogetherbecausehewentawaythenextdaybacktohisUnit.MarySmithwasquietforawhilethenshesobbedHismothershowedmethetelegram.‘SergeantRHolmes...KilledinactionintheinvasionofFrancE.’IrealizedthatIcouldbegettingoutofmydepthandlongedtobeinmyofficeawayfromhereandthisoldladysnugandwithacupofteainmyhanD.TherewasafurtherpausE.MarySmithgentlytouchedthewoundedtreejustasshewouldhavecaressedhim.AndnowtheywanttotakeourtreeawayfrommE.AnotherquietsobthensheturnedtomE.IwasyoungandprettythenIcouldhavehadanybodyIwasn’talwaystheoldwomanyouseeherenow.IcouldhavehadeverythingIwantedinlifealovelymanhealthandafuturetolookforwardsto.ShepausedagainandlookedarounD.ThebreezegentlymovedthroughtheleaveswithasighingsounD.TherewereothersofcoursebutnotapatchonmyRobin!shesaidstrongly.AndnowIhavenothingexceptthememoriesthistreeholds.IfonlyIcouldgetmyhandsonthatawfulmanwhowritesinthepaperaboutthevalueoftheroadtheyaregoingtobuildwherewearestandingnowIwouldtellhim.Hasheneverlovedhasheneverliveddoeshenotknowanythingaboutmemories?WewerenottheonlyonesyouknowIstillmeetsomewhocamehereasRobinandIdiD.YesIwouldtellhim!Iturnedawaysickatheart.32.Whywastheby-passtoMarySmith’svillagetobebuiltthroughthesewoods?A.Thecommunitywantedtoexplorethebeautyofthewoodsasawayoftourism.B.Manypeoplepassedthesewoodscausingheavytrafficjam.C.Thetrafficwasinconvenientmakingthevillageadangerousplacetolivein.D.Thevillagewasquitefarawayanditseconomyneededimproving.33.TheunderlinedsentenceIfeltthatsheprobablyhadsomethingtheremeans________.A.IthoughttheremightbesomethinghiddeninthewoodsbyMarySmithB.IguessedtheremightbeastoryrelatedwithMarySmithC.IthoughttheremightbesomereasonforMarySmith’sprotestD.IguessedtheremightbeasecretpurposeofMarySmith.34.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto________.A.drawattentiontothedamagethatwarscauseB.persuadepeopletogiveupprivateinterestC.arousetheawarenessofbeingenvironmentallyfriendlyD.introduceatouchingbutsadlovestory

Controllingtrafficisacomplexandhighcostprobleminmanydevelopedcountries.Itbecomesmoredifficultandcostlywiththeever-increasingnumberofcarsontheroads.ButscientistsandstudentsattheCATTattheUniversityofMarylandareworkingtosolvethisproblem.Theyareusingsimulation模拟technologiestohelpgovernmentandprivatebusinesscontrolandreacttochangingtrafficconditions.TheonlineeconomicsmagazineForbes.comsaystrafficcongestion拥挤costAmericans$124billionin2014andthatnumbercouldriseto$186billionby2030.ButscientistsattheCATTlabaretryingtoreducethosecosts.Theyaredevelopingasystemthathelpstrafficmanagersplannersemergencyworkersandbusinessesplanandreactbetter.MichaelPackisCATTdirector.Hesaysthesystemisimportanttohelpemergencyworkersorfirstresponders.reachanaccidentareafaster.TheCATTLabcollectsinformationfrommanysourcesincludingroadsidedevicesGPSglobalpositioningsystemequipmentandwirelessphones.About60studentsand30softwaredevelopersobservetrafficflowandmanagethecomputerserversatalltimes.TheyalsoworktodevelopsoftwareandapplicationsthatcanhelptrafficrunsmootherandsaferSomeofthemturntheinformationgatheredintoso-calledvisualizations.Thesevisualrepresentationshelpemergencyworkersbetterunderstandwhatishappening.ThecentersharesitsfindingswithfirefighterspolicE.Transportationdepartmentsandthemilitary.Theyalsoshareinformationwithuniversitiesandtransportationcompany.ThetechnologycompanyGoogleusesthedataforitstraffic-relatedwebsites.MichaelPacksaystheinformationisthensharedwithanyonewhowantstohelptrafficrunmoresmoothly.Mr.PacksaysthegoalistohelpdevelopanintelligentsystemofroadsignalsthatwillcommunicatewitheachotherandwithvehiclesontheroaD.12.ThesecondparagraphiswrittentoA.attractmorepeopletolookthroughForbes.com.B.tellreaderswhatForbes.comsaysonitswebsiteC.showhowmuchmoneycontrollingcostsAmericaD.proveitisveryexpensiveforsomedevelopedcountriestocontroltraffic13.WhatbenefitcanemergencyworkersgetfromthesystemdevelopedbytheCATTlab?A.Theycanbesafer.B.Theycanreachanaccidentareafaster.C.TheycangetmoreadvicefrompeoplE.D.Theycansharetheirinformationwithothers.14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthedevelopersandthestudentsattheCATT?A.Theyobservetrafficflowcontinuously.B.Theydevelopsoftwareandapplications.C.Theycontrolthecomputerserversoccasionally.D.TheychangetheinformationgatheredintovisualimagE.15.Inwhichcolumnofthenewspapercanyoureadthistext?A.DailylifE.B.SciencE.C.Education.D.Exploration

Laptop便携式computersarepopularallovertheworlD.Peopleusethemontrainsandairplanesinairportsandhotels.TheselaptopsconnectpeopletotheirworkplacE.IntheUnitedStatestodaylaptopsalsoconnectstudentstotheirclassrooms.WestlakeCollegeinVirginiawillstartalaptopcomputerprogramthatallowsstudentstodoschoolworkanywheretheywant.Withinfiveyearseachofthe1.500studentsatthecollegewillreceivealaptop.Thelaptopsarepartofa$10millioncomputerprogramatWestlakea110-year-oldcollegE.ThestudentswithlaptopswillalsohaveaccesstotheInternet.Inaddition.theywillbeabletousee-mailtospeakwiththeirteacherstheirclassmatesandtheirfamilies.Howeverthemostimportantpartofthelaptopprogramisthatstudentswillbeabletousecomputerswithoutgoingtocomputerlabs.Theycanworkwithitathomeinafast–foodrestaurantorunderthetrees—anywhereatall!AtWestlakeCollegemorethan60percentofthestaffusecomputers.Thelaptopswillallowallteacherstousecomputersintheirlessons.AsoneWestlaketeachersaidHereweareinthemiddleofVirginiaandwe’regivingstudentsawindowontheworlD.Theycanseeeverythinganddoeverything.75.Whyisthewordspeakinthesecondparagraphinquotationmarks引号?A.Theydon’treallytalkB.TheyusethecomputerlanguagE.C.laptopshavespeakers.D.Noneoftheabovereasonsiscorrect.76.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutWestlakeCollege?A.Allteachersusecomputers.B.1.500studentshavelaptops.C.ItisanoldcollegeinAmericA.D.Studentstherecandoeverything.77.Awindowontheworldinthelastparagraphmeansthatstudentscan______-.A.attendlecturesoninformationtechnologyB.travelaroundtheworldC.getinformationfromaroundtheworldD.havefreelaptops

CountMeOutCallmeold-fashioneD.CallmeolD.CallmewhatyouwantbutIrefusetobecomepartofthisnewInternetworlD.IdonotpossessacomputerathomeorattheofficE.ActuallyIstoppedgoingtoanoffice35yearsagowhenallcommunicationsweredonewithapenatypewriterorifthematterwasofworld-shakingimportanceoverthetelephonE.Likewiseifyoulikedsomethingadvertisedinanewspaperormagazineyouvisitedtheshopsellingitatthegivenaddressoryouphonedthenumbershown.Thenyouspoketothefellowandaskedforfurtherdetails.Tellmewhatyouthinkofthefollowingadthatappearedtheotherdayinthenewspaper.ItwasforacureforcancerandthisiswhatitsaidAwarenessisthekey.VisitspfulforD.comattheawarenesssitE.TherewasnoaddressortelephonenumberforthesitE.Sowhatdounfortunatepeoplewithoutacomputerdoiftheyareseekingacurefortheirillness?ThereareIamtoldcertainadvantagesinhavingaccesstotheInternet.YoucanforexamplesendlovemessagesacrosstheworldorevengetmarriedtosomeonethatyoumeetonlinE.Thisbitdoesn’tinterestmeIhavebeenhappilymarriedfor60years.ThereareofcourseotheractivitiesforInternetusersbesidesfindinglovE.Theycanpaybillsordergroceriesordiscusswiththeirdoctors.Andthisisbynomeansa11.MoreamazingthingsareyettocomeinthenearfuturE.IreadanewspaperreportrecentlythatquotedStephenHawkinganimportantBritishscientist.ThecomplexityofacomputerasitexiststodayisprobablylessthanthebrainofanearthwormhesaiD.ButastechnologyadvancescomputerswillbecomemorecomplexandatimemaycomewhentheInternetmaydevelop‘consciousness.’InotherwordstheInternetwillbeabletothinkhavefeelingsandmaywellbeabletoactonitsown.IfProfessorHawkingisrightImaychangemyattitudeaboutcomputers.AsIgrowoldereachday1wouldlikeoneofthosethatnotonlythinksformebutalsoacceptsresponsibilitiesforallmymistakes.21.What’sthemeaningofthetitleCountMeOut?A.GetmeoutoftheInternetworlD.B.ComputersaretryingtotakecontroloflifeC.Moderntechnologypushesoldpeopleaway.D.DonotexpectmetobeasupporteroftheInternet.22.AccordingtoParagraph2theauthorthinkscomputersare___.A.unnecessaryB.convenientC.expensiveD.advanced23.Whatmighttheauthor1ikeaboutthefuturecomputer?A.Takingblames.B.Curingillnesses.C.Deliveringmessages.D.Respondingtoemotions.

ThehitmovieFindingNemofollowsaclownfishfromtheGreatBarrierReef.InreallifeclownfishareamongthethousandsofcolorfulseacreaturesthatcalltheGreatBarrierReefhome.Stretchingl250milesalongAustralia'snortheastern.coasttheGreatBarrierReefisthelongestcoralreefintheworld.A.coralreefisalivingunderwaterstructure.ButthesedaystheGreatBarrierReefhasfounditselfintrouble.Overfishingpollutionandhightemperaturesareharmingitshealth.That'swhythegovernmentinAustraliaistryingtohelprescuethereef.UnderwaterGardenWhilecoralmaylooklikeaplantitisactuallymadeupoftinyseaanimal.Thoseseaanimalsarecalledcoralpolyps.Aspolypsdietheyleavehard.shellsbehind.Otherpolypsgrowontopoftheshells.Overthousandsofyearstheyformacoralreefinwarmwaterthatisnotverydeep.InmanywaystheGreatBarrierReefresemblesanunderwatergarden.Coralcanbehardorsoft.Itformsindifferentcolorsandinstrangeshapes.Somecorallookslikehardenedbrains.Othercorallookslikefansandlettuces.Thereefburstswithschoolsoftropicalfishdashingamonggapsinthecoral.Thereefsuppliesfood.and.sheltertocreatureslivinginandaroundthecoral.Turtlessharksseahorsesandcrabsareamongitsmanyinhabitants.HelpingHumansWhilethereefisimportanttooceanlifeithelpshumanstoo.Peoplerelyonthereefforbothfoodandjobs.Italsoprovidesmedicineusedtotreatdisease.EachyeartheGreatBarrierReefcontributesabout$975milliontotheeconomythroughtourismandfishing.StressedOutIsitsurprisingthenthattheGreatBarrierReefisundertoomuchstress?Fishingnetsandshipsbreakoffsectionsanddamagethereef.Airandwaterpollutionarealsodoingharm.Atthesametimewarmerseatemperatureshavecausedcoralbleaching漂白onhalfofthereef.Thehightemperaturescausethecoraltoturnwhiteoftenkillingit.ReefRescueInanefforttohelpsavethereefthegovernmenthaslimitedfishingtotwothirdsofit.Thatplanincreasesthenumberofgreenzones.Thoseareareasthatareoff-limitstofishermenandboats.Howevertouristsandresearcherscanstillvisitthem.Manyfishermenareupsetabouttheplanbecausetheyrelyonthereefforjobs.TheAustraliangovernmentsaysthatitsplanwillhelpkeepthereefsafefromsomethreats.ItisveryimportantthatwegiveB.reefproperprotectionforthefuturesaidonegovernmentofficial.ThereefisAustralia'sgreatestnaturaltreasure.34.WhichofthefollowingisnotacreaturethatlivesintheGreatBarrierReef?A.Coralpolyps.B.Turtles.C.Seahorses.D.Whales.35.Whichsectiondescribestheprobleminthispassage?A.UnderwaterGardenB.HelpingHumansC.StressedOutD.ReefRescue36.WhatpicturecanthereadergetfromtheunderlinedsentenceThereefburstswithschoolsoftropicalfishdashingamonggapsinthecoral.inParagraph6?A.Manyfishquicklymovingthroughthecoral.B.Fishmovingtowardthecenterortargetofthecoral.C.Structuredorderlygroupsofyoungfishwithoutaclearpath.D.Fishexplodingwhentheycomeintocontactwithgapsinthecoral.37.Whatisthispassagemostlyabout?A.Thecausesofreefproblemsanpossiblesolutions.B.Coralbleachingwhichcausesthereeftoturnwhite.C.ThehistoryoftourismtotheGreatBarrierReef.D.Overfishingandhighertemperatures.

TherewasonceamancalledMr.Flowersandflowerswerehisonlyjoyinlife.Hespentallhisfreetimeinoneofhisfourglass-housesandgrewflowersofeverycolorwithlonganddifficultnamesforcompetitions.Hetriedtogrowaroseofanewcolortowinthesilvercup银杯fortheRoseoftheYear.Mr.Flowers’glass-houseswereveryneartoamiddleschool.Boysofaroundthirteenofagewereoftentempted引诱tothrowastoneortwoatoneofMr.Flowers’glass-houses.SoMr.Flowersdidhisbesttobeinornearhisglass-housesatthebeginningandendoftheschoolday.Butitwasnotalwayspossibletobeonwatchatthosetimes.Mr.Flowershadtriedinmanywaystoprotecthisglassbutnothingthathehaddonehadbeenuseful.Hehadbeentoschooltoreporttotheheadmaster;butthishadnotdoneanygood.Hehadtriedtodriveawaytheboysthatthrewstonesintohisgarden;buttheboyscouldrunfasterthanhecouldandtheylaughedathimfromfaraway.Hehadevenpickedupallthestonesthathecouldfindaroundhisgardensothattheboyswouldhavenothingtothrow;buttheysoonfoundothers.AtlastMr.Flowershadagoodidea.Heputupalargenotice布告madeofgoodstrongwoodsomemetersawayfromtheglass-houses.Onithehadwrittenthewords:DONOTTHROWSTONESATTHISNOTICE.AfterthisMr.Flowershadnofurthertrouble;theboysweremuchmoretemptedtothrowstonesatthenoticethanattheglass-houses.1.ItwasMr.Flowers’hopeto________.A.buildglass-housesinhisfreetimeB.growtheRoseoftheYearinasilvercupC.winasilvercupforgrowingaroseofanewcolorD.growarosewiththelongestname2.Boyswereoftentemptedto________.A.throwstonesatMr.Flowers’glass-houseB.throwstonesatMr.FlowersfromtheirschoolC.beinornearbyMr.Flowers’glass-housesD.playwithMr.Flowersnearhisglass-houses3.Mr.Flowersstayedinornearbyhisglass-houses_______.A.attimeswhenschool-boyswerewalkingnearthemB.alltheschooldaywhentherewerenoboysaboutC.wherehecouldnotbeseenbytheboyspassingD.atthebeginningandendoftheschoolday4.Mr.Flowershadtriedto______toprotecthisglass.A.beonwatchinhisfreetimeB.asktheheadmasterforhelpC.pickupallthestonesaroundhisgardenD.doalltheabove5.Mr.Flowers’goodideawasto______.A.writesomewordsontheglassB.putupalargenoticetocoverhisglass-housesC.givetheboyssomethingelsetothrowstonesatD.sendforpolicemen

Whenhumansandnaturegoheadtoheadnatureoftenendsuplosing.RiversgetpolluteD.Treesareknockeddown.Naturalresourcesareusedup.That’swhatmakestheGalapagosIslands加拉帕格斯群岛sospecial–it’soneofthefewplacesontheEarththatnaturecantrulycallitsown.AvisittotheGalapagosisarealeye-openingexperiencE.Over1600kmwestofEcuador厄瓜多尔theislandsarehometoauniquevarietyofanimalsthathaveabsolutelynofearofpeoplE.Visitorscanplayonthebeachwithsealionsandgiantseaturtlesswimwithdolphinsandwhalesandgetcloseenoughtothepenguinstocounttheeggsintheirnests.Theislandsweredeclaredanationalparkover40yearsagoandthenumberofhumanvisitorsistightlylimitedtoavoiddamagingtheenvironmentorputtingstressontheanimals.Touristshavetopay$100forthedailyfeeandcan’tstepofftheboatunlessaccompaniedbyanofficialguidE.Onceontheislandsyouhavetostayonthespecialcar.Theanimalsaresocuriousaboutpeoplethatthey’llusuallycomeuptosayhello.It’salittlelikebeinginazoosaidonetraveler.Butinsteadofuslookingattheanimalstheanimalsarelookingatus.Besidesthewildlifeoneoftheislands’moreunusualfeaturesisitspostofficE.Youcansendpostcardsforfreebuttheproblemisthatthere’snopostmantocollectthem.Insteadtravelerspickupmailaddressedtopeoplewholivenearthembackhomeandthenhand-deliverthepostcardswhentheirtripisfinisheD.21.TheGalapagosIslandsare_______.A.terriblypollutedB.intheAtlanticOceanC.nearEcuadorD.independentofEcuador22.WhichanimalisNOTmentionedinthepassage?_______.A.WhalesB.SealionsC..DolphinsD.Goats23.OntheGalapagosIslandsthemailisdeliveredby_______.A.thegovernmentB.thepostofficeC.thetouristsD.theguides24.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?_______.A.HumanandNatureB.A.SpecialZooC.GoHeadtoHeadD.Ecuador–AnIslandCountry25.Whatisoneoftheislands’moreunusualfeatures?_______.A.TherearesomepostmentocollectlettersB.ThereareonlythewildanimalsontheislandsC.YouneedtobuystampstosendlettersD.Travelersdeliverthelettersbythemselves

Thefirstrobotswereinventedinthe1920s.RobotshaveappearedinHollywoodsuchasRobocopandtheTerminator.TherobotsinthesefilmsarestrongerfasterandmoreintelligentthanpeoplE.Inrealliferobotsaremainlyusedinfactories.Theydomanydifferentjobs.Usuallythesejobsaretoodangerousdifficultorboringforhumans.Robotsalsohelpdisabledpeopleandpeoplewhocannotlookafterthemselves.ForexamplescientistsaremakingarobottohelpblindpeoplE.Nowadaysmanyblindpeoplehaveadogtohelpthem.Thisdogiscalledaguidedog.Inthefutureguidedogsmightberobotdogs.OnerobotguidedogiscalledMeldog.Ithaswheels.Itwalksinfrontofitsowner.Itisveryclever.Itknowsthespeedofitsowner'swalk.Meldogtalkstoitsownerbyradio.Theownerwearsaspecialbelt.ThisbeltsendsinstructionsfromtheownertoMeldogsuchasStophereTurnleftandTurnright.IntheUnitedStatesanothertypeofrobothelpsdisabledworkers.ThisrobotcalledKilroyhelpsdisabledcomputeroperators.Therobothearsthesoundofitsowner'svoicE.ItfollowsinstructionssuchasTurnthepageandMakeacupofcoffee.Thisrobotwillbringitsownerapapertissuewhenheorshesneezes!RobotsarealsousedinAmericanhospitals.Theycandosimplejobs.Forexampletheyshavepatientsandbrushtheirteeth.AtonehospitalarobotwiththenicknameRoscoetakesmealsfromthekitchentopatients'rooms.Roscoenevergetslostbecausethisrobothasamapofthehospitalinitscomputermemory.Robotswillneverreplacehumans.Theycanhoweverhelppeopleinmanydifferentways.36.Somerobotsinreallifeare_________.A.dangerousB.boringC.filmstarsD.factoryworkers37.Somedisabledpeopleneedhelpto_________.A.makerobotsB.becomescientistsC.lookafterthemselvesD.dodangerousjobs38.Meldogisa_________.A.blinddogB.robotscientistC.realdogD.robotguidedog39.Kilroyhelpsdisabledcomputeroperators.Thisrobotcan_________.A.speaktoitsownerB.giveinstructionsC.readbooksD.makecupsofcoffee

LadiesandgentlemensayhellotoPIBOT.DevelopedinSouthKoreathislittlemachineisaboutthesizeofachild’stoyandhasaheadthatkindoflookslikeatoaster烤箱.It’salsoabletoflyaplanE.Theresearchersresponsiblefortherobot’sdevelopmenthaveactuallymanagedtoprogramitwithalltheknowledgeandskillsnecessarytooperateastandardairplanE.Throughabuilt-inwebcam网络摄像机PIBOTisabletogatherinformationaboutitssurroundings—suchaslocationairspeedandweatherconditions.Withallofthisinformationit’sabletomakedecisionsinmuchthesamewayasahumanpilotwoulD.It’salreadycompletedonesuccessfultestflight—sortof.InthevideopresentedatIROS2014inChicagoPIBOTwasseenguidingtheairplanethroughashorttestflightinaflightsimulator模拟器—aprocesswhichincludedbothtakeoffandlanding.It’ssupercool.Nowit’sworthmentioningthat—evenasimpressiveasPIBOTis—wearen’tgoingtobeseeingitinanyrealairplanesatanypointinthenearfuturE.Althoughthelittlerobotiscertainlyabletooperateaplaneitdoesn’tquitehavetheskillsnecessarytoaddresssomeoftherealworldsituationsmetbypilots—suchasbadweatherormix-upsontherunway.Itdoesn’tmeetthegovernment’sruleseither.Theinventorsaren’tterriblydiscouragedhowever.Theyexpectthatit’sonlyamatteroftimebeforetheymanagetogetPIBOTuptothenecessarystandards.Whenthedaycomeswemightseeairlinesputtoworkawholenewtypeofpilot;onewhonevertiresnevergetshungryandnevermakesmistakes.So...ifyou’veacareerinaviation航空itmightsoonbetimetostartplanningforretirement退休.28.WeknowfromthetextthatPIBOT_____.A.isverylargeB.canserveasatoasterC.wasdevelopedinChicagoD.isdesignedtooperateaplane29.InthepresentedvideoPIBOT_____.A.competedwithahumanpilotB.completedseveraltestflightsC.madedecisionstotallylikehumansD.successfullyguidedaplanetotakeoffandland30.Whywon’tPIBOTbeputintouse?A.Itcan’tpredictweatherconditions.B.Itcan’tdealwithrealworldsituations.C.Itdoesn’thavetheskillstooperateaplanE.D.Itcan’tgatherinformationaboutitssurroundings.31.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat_____.A.PIBOTwon’tmakeanymistakeinaflightB.theresearcherswillhavetoabandontheplanC.PIBOTwillsurelyreplacehumanpilotsonedayD.theinventorsareconfidentaboutthefutureofPIBOT

Theearthworm蚯蚓isausefulanimal.Itmakesthesoilricherforfieldsandgardens.Takenoutofthegrounditisgoodfoodformanyotheranimals.Earthwormsdigtunnelstomakethesoillooseandinthiskindofsoilairandwatercanreachtherootsofplantseasily.Theydragnotonlydeadleavesbutalsograssflowersandothersuchthingsintotheirholes.Thisplantmaterialsoonrotsanddisappears.Thishelpstomakethesoilmorefertile肥沃.Nootheranimalissousefulinbuildingupgoodtopsoil表土.Onewormmayaddaboutthreequartersofapoundofearthtothetopsoilinoneyear.FiftythousandwormscarrysomeeighteentonsofsoiltothesurfaceinthesametimE.9.Thisarticlemainlysaysearthworms________.A.aregoodfoodformanyotheranimalsB.arethemostusefulanimalstobuildupthetopsoilC.liveonplantmaterialD.areusefulanimalsandknowhowtohelpfarmers10.Earthwormslive________.A.inwaterB.intopsoilC.infieldsandgardensD.undertheground11.Theearthwormshelpto________bydiggingtunnels.A.rotleavesgrassandflowersB.makesoillooserthanbeforeC.storemorefoodD.carrywaterandairtotherootsofplants12.Theplantsmaterialcarriedundergroundbyearthwormsmadesoil________.A.wetB.dryC.looserD.morefertile13.Oneearthwormmaybring____finetopsoiltothesurfaceinoneyear.A.aquarterofapoundB.threequartersofapoundC.threepoundsD.eighteenpounds

Arobotthatcanreademotionshasbeenunveiled公布于众的inJapanbybillionaireMasayoshiSonwhosaysrobotsshouldbetenderandmakepeoplesmile.Son’smobilephonecompanySoftBanksaysthattherobotnamedPepperwillgoonsaleinJapaninFebruaryfor198000yenUS$l900.Overseassalesplansareunderconsiderationbutundecided.ThemachinewhichhasnolegsbuthasgentlygesturinghandsappearedonastageinaTokyosuburbcooingandhumming.ItdramaticallytouchedhandswithSoninanETmoment.SonsaidPepperhasbeenprogrammedtoreadtheemotionsofpeoplearounditbyrecognizingexpressionsandvoicetones.Ouraimistodevelopaffectionaterobotsthatcanmakepeoplesmilehesaid.The121-centimeter-tall28-kilogramwhitePepperwhichhasnohairbuttwolargedoll-1ikeeyesandaflat-paneldisplaystuckonitschest.Besidesfeaturingthelatestvoicerecognition.Pepperisloadedwithmorethanadozensensors传感器includingtwotouchsensorsinitshandsthreetouchsensorsonitsheadandsixlasersensorsandthreesensorsinitsbase.ButapresentationyesterdayinTokyohighlightedtherobot’sshortcomingsasmuchasitscharm.Pepperwasmorefluentwithitsownchatter交谈suchasaskingDoyoudoTwitter?orIsthisthefirsttimeyoueverspoketoarobot?Butitwouldnotreallywaitforananswergoingontothenexttopic.ManyotherJapanesecompaniesincludingHitachiandToyotaMotorCorphavealsodevelopedvariousrobotsthatentertainandserveascompanions.Thepotentialisgreatasthenumberofelderlypeoplerequiringcareisexpectedtosoar剧增inrapidlyagingJapanincomingyears.BrunoMaisonnierfounderandchiefexecutivewhoappearedonthestagewithSonsaidIbelievethatthemostimportantroleofrobotswillbeaskindandemotionalcompanionstoimproveourdailylivestobringhappinessandconstantlysurpriseus.32.Whichisthemostimportantfeatureoftherobot?A.Surprisingandhappy.B.Tenderandsmiling.C.Effectiveandsmart.D.Gentleandcaring.33.Whatdoweknowabouttheequipmentofpepper?A.Ithasaflat-panelonthehead.B.Ithasmorethanadozentouchsensors.C.Ithasthebestvoicerecognition.D.Itcanonlyreadvoicetones.34.WhatcanweinferaccordingtoParagraph7?A.MostJapanesecompaniesproducerobots.B.TherewillbelessagingpeopleinthenearfutureofJapan.C.Robotscanhelppeopletostartacompany.D.TherewillbemorerobotsinthefutureofJapan.35.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefuturedevelopmentofrobots?A.Itwillfocusmoreonmentallycaringhuman.B.Wecancommunicatewithitmainlybytouching.C.Itwillhavenodisadvantages.D.ItwillbetallandhasnohairlikeanET.

RevolutionaryTVEarsTVEarshashelpedthousandsofpeoplewithvariousdegreesofhearinglosshearthetelevisionclearlywithoutturningupthevolume音量andnowit’sbetterandmoreaffordablethanever!WithTVEarswirelesstechnologyyousetyourownheadsetvolumewhileotherTVlistenershearthetelevisionatavolumelevelthat’scomfortableforthem.YoucanevenlistenthroughtheheadsetonlyandputtheTVonmute静音ifthesituationcallsforaquietenvironment—maybethebabyissleeping.OrperhapsyouaretheonlyonewhoisinterestedinlisteningtotheballgamE.TVEarspatentedtechnologyincludesarevolutionarynoisereductioncartipnotusedinanyothercommerciallyavailableheadset.ThistipreducesoutsidenoisesothattelevisiondialogueisclearandunderstandablE.Getthetechnologythathasproventohelpthemostdemandingcustomers.That’swhyTVEarshasearnedthetrustandconfidenceofaudiologists听觉学家nationwideaswellasworld-famousdoctors.DoctorRecommendedTVEars!MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.AsaretiredeardoctorIheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.—RobertForbesM.DCACustomerRecommendedTVEars!NowmyhusbandcanhavethevolumeasloudasheneedsandIcanhavetheTVatmyhearinglevel.TVEarsissocomfortablethatJackforgetshehasthemon!HecanonceagainhearandunderstandthedialoguE.—Darlene&JackBCARiskFreeTrial!TVEarscomeswitha30-dayriskfreetrial.SpecialOffer—Now＄59.95.Ifyou’renotsatisfiedreturnit.Money-backguarantee!Callnow!800-123-783234.TVEarshelpsyou_____.A.improveyoursleepingqualityB.listentoTVwithoutdisturbingothersC.changeTVchannelswithoutdifficultyD.becomeinterestedinballgameprograms35.WhatmakesTVEarsdifferentfromotherheadsets?A.ItcaneasilysetTVonmutE.B.ItsheadsetvolumeisadjustablE.C.Ithasanewnoisereductioncartip.D.Itappliesspecialwirelesstechnology.36.Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby_____.A.usingrecommendationsB.offeringreasonsforthisinventionC.providingstatistics.D.showingtheresultsofexperiments.

Conventionalwisdomisamajorbarriertoinnovation创新thatthreatensthesurvivalofcompanieseverywherE.It’sbasedontheassumption假设thatoldideaswillalwaysworksotheyshouldn’tbechallengeD.Whilethismaybeavalid有效的assumptioninsituationsthatdon’tchangeit’sunlikelytoholdtrueinachangingsituation.Intoday’srapidchangingglobalenvironmentoldmethodsoftendon'tworkandstubbornlyusingthemcanleadtomajorproblems.Mostpeopleseemtoagreewithconventionalwisdombecauseitgivesoneafalsesenseofsecurity.IfeveryoneelsebelievesitthenitmustbetruE.IndividualswhouseconventionalwisdomarecertainthattheyarerightandbeingrightisgooD.Theywanttocontinueusingoldideasratherthantakeriskswithchangesthatmightnotwork.In1977KenOlsenco-founderandCEOofDigitalEquipmentCorporationDECstatedThereisnoreasonforanyindividualtohaveacomputerinhishomE.DespitebeinganimportantleaderinthecomputerindustryDECnolongerexists.PeopleseemtoforgetthatsinceinnovationisachangetherecanbenoinnovationwithoutchangE.Unfortunatelyconventionalwisdompreventsleadersfollowersandcompaniesfromchangingandthereforeinnovating.Ifcompaniesdon’tinnovatebuttheircompetitorsdothefutureislikelytobeproblematiC.Breakingfromconventionalwisdomhasledtomanyofthemostinnovativecompaniesandproductsinhistoryacrossmanyindustriessoithasapowerfuleffectonbusinesssuccess.TedTurnerfounderofCNNknewlittleifanythingaboutthenewsbusinessbutheknewitwasinconvenienttowatchnewsonlyatthedinnerhouraswascommonbeforeCNN.Turner’ssolutionwastocreateacablechanneldedicatedtonews24hoursaday.Thenewsestablishmentreflectedconventionalwisdomatthetimeandpredictedhisideawouldfailbecausenoonewantedtowatchthenewsallday.Howeveritdoesn’ttakearocketscientisttounderstandthatviewersdon’thavetowatchthenewsalldayfortheCNNtowork.Viewersjusthavetowatchwhentheywanttogetinformation.DuetoconventionalthinkingthecriticsfailedtorecognizetheopportunitythatwascleartoTeD.TheyassumedthatonlywhatwasfamiliartothemcouldworkinthefuturE.Conventionalwisdompreventscreativityflexibilityandrisk-takingsounconventionalleadersenthusiasticallybreakfromit.TosurvivethriveandmaintaincompetitiveadvantagecompaniesmustbeflexiblewhenreactingtochangE.28.DEChasdisappearedprobablybecause___________.A.theconsumersdidn’tlikeitsproductsB.theleaderslackedthesenseofsecurityC.theCEOstucktotheconventionalideasD.theemployeestookmanyriskswithchanges29.ThefoundingofCNNisusedasanexampletoprove_________.A.missingopportunitiescouldleadtofailureB.changingcouldcontributetobusinesssuccessC.watchingnewsatthedinnerhourisconvenientD.conventionalwisdominfluencesbusinesssuccess30.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.RocketscientistscanensuretheCNNworksproperly.B.Mostoftheviewersdon’tliketowatchthenewsatwork.C.It’snecessarytounderstandwhenpeoplewatchthenews.D.It’seasytoknowpeopleneedn’twatchthenewsallthetimE.31.Thepassageismainlywrittentotellusthat______.A.oldmethodsarechangingwithtimeB.opportunitiesleadtobusinesssuccessC.conventionalwisdomlimitsinnovationD.successfulcompaniesneedwiseleaders

TheWinterOlympicsisalsocalledtheWhiteOlympics.Atthistimemanycolorfulstampsarepublished出版tomarkthegreatGames.ThefirststampsmarkingtheopeningcameoutonJanuary251932intheUnitedStatesforthe3rdWhiteOlympics.FromthenonpublishingstampsduringtheWhiteOlympicsbecamearulE.Duringthe4thWinterOlympicGamesagroupofstampswerepublishedinGermanyinNovember1936.ThefiveringsofOlympicsweredrawnonthefrontofthesportswear运动服.ItwasthefirsttimethattheringsappearedonthestampsoftheWhiteOlympics.Inthe1950’sthestampsofthiskindbecamemorecolorful.WhentheWhiteOlympicscamethehostcountriesaswellasthenon-hostcountriespublishedstampstomarkthoseGames.ChinaalsopublishedfourstampsinFebruary1980whentheChinesesportsmenbegantotakepartintheWhiteOlympics.JapanistheonlyAsiancountrythathaseverheldtheWhiteOlympics.Altogether14500millionstampsweresoldtoraisemoneyforthissportsmeet.Differentkindsofsportsweredrawnonthesesmallstamps.Peoplecanenjoythebeautyofthewonderfulmovementsofsomesportsmen.21.TheWhiteOlympicsandtheWinterOlympics_______.A.arenotheldinwinterB.aredifferentgamesC.arethesamethingD.areheldinsummer22.Theworldmadeitaruletopublishstampstomarkthegreatworldgames_______.A.aftertheyear1936B.afterthe3rdWhiteOlympicsC.beforethe3rdWhiteOlympicsD.beforetheyear193223.TheWinterOlympicsisheldonce_______.A.everytwoyearsB.everythreeyearsC.everyfiveyearsD.everythefourthyear24.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Japancan’tpublishstampstomarkthoseGamesB.Onlythenon-hostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthoseGames.C.AllthecountriescanpublishstampstomarkthoseGames.D.OnlythehostcountriescanpublishstampstomarkthoseGames.

A.newphoneappusesshakingfromsmartphonestowarnpeopleaboutearthquakes.ThenewappiscalledMyShakewhichistheworkoffourresearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley.Smartphonesareequippedwithaccelerometers加速器.MyShakeusesphoneaccelerometerstomeasureseismic地震的activity.Ithasbeenprogrammedtoknowthedifferencebetweennormalactivityandearthquakemovement.Thesoftwaredeveloperssaytheirappisright93percentofthetimE.A.smartphonesendsseismicinformationtotheappdevelopers.Ifthedevelopersreceiveseveralwarningsfromoneareaitrecognizesthatanearthquakemaybetakingplaceorwilltakeplacesoon.Usinginformationsentfromtheappthenetworkthenjudgesthelocationwhereearthquakes*havehappenedandstrengthofthequakeinrealtimE.MyShakecanrecord5.0earthquakesatdistancesof10kilometersorless.MyShakeusesverylittlepoweraccordingtoitsdevelopers.Onlywhenseismicactivityissensedbytheappdoesitbecomeactiveandsendsdatatothenetwork.TheappworksbestwhenyourphoneisrestingonaflatsurfacelikeatablE.ThedevelopershopethatMyShakecanaddtoinformationcollectedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurvey.ThatU.S.agencyhascreatedtheEarthquakeEarlyWarningSystemalsoknownastheEEW.TheEEWhasusedsensorsformeasuringquakesinmanyareas.InplaceswherenosuchequipmentexistsMyShakemaybetheonlymethodofearlyquakedetection发现.TheappalsoshowswaystostaysaferduringanearthquakE.Thedeveloperssayitwillbecomemoreeffectiveasmorepeopleuseit.Thedeveloperssay.theyhopetoaddafeaturethatwillwarnpeopleaboutapossibletsunami海啸afteranearthquake:32.Thenewapp_'A.isakindofaccelerometerB.feelsearthquakesthroughsmartphonesC.isdevelopedbytheU.S.GeologicalSurveyD.predictspossibletsunamiafteranearthquake33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlytalkingabout?A.HowMyshakeworks.B.Whatseismicactivityis.C.WhyMyshakeisdevelopeD.D.Whenaccelerometersrecordearthquakes.34.WecaninferthatMyshake____.A.doesnotworkwhenthesmartphoneisinthepocketB.sleepswhilethereisnoshakingoftheearth'ssurfaceC.guidespeoplehowtosurvivewhenmanypeople.useitatthesametimeD.recognizesanearthquakewhenitreceivestheinformationfromothersensors35.Thenewappdevelopershopeto____.A.usetheinformationbytheU.S.GeologicalSurveytobetterMyshakeB.unitetheU.S.GeologicalSurveytocombinetheEEWandMyshakeC.helptheEEWdetectearthquakessomewhereD.improvetheEEW

TheUNweatheragencywarnedonTuesdaytherewasagoodchanceofanElNinoclimatephenomenoninthePacificOceanthisyearbringingdroughts干旱andheavyrainfalltotherestoftheworldTheWorldMeteorological气象的OrganizationWMOsaiditsmodelingsuggestedafairlylargepotentialforanElNinomostlikelybytheendofthesecondquarterof2016.TheElNinophenomenonoccurseverytwotosevenyearswhenthetradewindsthatcirculatesurfacewaterinthetropical熟带的Pacificstarttoweaken.WMOpointedoutTuesdaythatsincelastDecembertradewindshadweakenedandtherehadbeenasignificantwarmingofthewatersbelowthesurfaceinthecentralPacifiC.WhilethereisnoguaranteethissituationwillleadtoanElNinoeventthelongerthetradewindsremainweakenedandsubsurfacetemperaturesstaysignificantlywarmerthanaveragethehigherchancesareitsaiD.TwothirdsofclimatemodelspredictedthatthephenomenonwouldbeginsometimebetweenJuneandAugustwithone-fifthsuggestingitcouldstartasearlyasMayandtheremainingpredictingnoElNinothisyearitsaiD.ItisoftenfollowedbyareturnswingofLaNinawhichischaracterizedbyunusuallycooloceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeasterntropicalPacifiC.ElNinohasanimportantwarmingeffectonglobalaveragetemperaturesJarraudcautionedstressingthatcombinedwithwarmingfromgreenhousegasessucheventshadthepotentialtocauseasharpriseinglobalaveragetemperature.33.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat-'A.aweatheragencywarnedanElNinowouldappearonTuesdayB.WMOshowedanElNinowouldprobablyhappenbyJunein2016C.anElNinowouldbringheavyrainfalltothePacificOceanD.ThephenomenonofElNinohappenseverysevenyears34.WhatdoestheunderlinedphrasethissituationinParagraph4referto?A.CooloceansurfacetemperaturesinthecentralandeasterntropicalPacifiC.B.A.significantwarmingofthewatersbelowthesurfaceinthecentralPacifiC.C.TradewindsthatcirculatesurfacewaterinthePacifiC.D.HeavyrainfallindifferentareasallovertheworlD.35.AccordingtothetextwhatmightbethepercentageofnoElNinothisyear?A.13%.B.20%.C.67%.D.87%.

Plentyofpeopledreamoftravelingtootherplanets.ButStarWarsfanscanactuallyvisitlocationswheremanyofthefilms’mostfamoussceneswereshot.HerearesomeoftheplaceswhereStarWarscomestolifE.HotelSidiDrissMatmataTunisiaPerhapsthemostfamousStarWarslandmarkintheworldthisiswheretheinteriorsofLukeSkywalker'schildhoodhomeonplanetTatooinewerefilmeD.CenturiesagoBerbersbuilttheundergroundstructureasarealhomE.EventuallyitbecameahotelwhichGeorgeLucasusedtofilmthefirstStarWarsfilm.Thesetdecorationscamedownwhenthecrewleftbutwererebuiltin2000forAttackoftheClones.Sincethenthey'veremainedsoguestscaneatatthetablewhereyoungmasterLukediD.LaGrandeDuneoutsideNeftaTunisiaTheigloo冰屋outsideofLuke'shousewasfilmedabout300kilometersawayonthedried-upsaltlakeofChottElJeriD.TheiglooisstilltherereachablewithadecentcarattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E.Thesurroundinghotelsareman-madetocreatetheillusion幻觉thattheundergroundhouseisnexttoit.Theigloofromthe1977moviewastakenapartbutagainrebuiltforAttackoftheClonesandlaterrestoredbyafan.NearbyisLaGrandeDunesiteoftheDuneSeA.About30minutesfromtheiglooisthesetofMosEspathespaceporttownwhereAnakinwasdiscoveredasayoungslavE.RedwoodNationalandStateparksCaliforniaEndortheforestmoonhomeofthefurryEwokswasfilmedamongCalifornia'sgiantredwoods.Mostofthewell-knownsceneswereshotonprivatelandownedbyalumbercompany.SincethecastandcrewworkedonReturnoftheJediin1982heavylogginghasleftmostofthelandscapeunrecognizablE.ButdrivingthroughtheparksstillgivesafeelforthesetespeciallyalongtheAvenueoftheGiantshighway.InGrizzlyCreekRedwoodsStateParkandtheHumboldtRedwoodsStateParkplateswerefilmedforsomechasescenes.21.HotelSidiDrisswasoriginally________centuriesago.A.ahotelB.Berbers’realhomeC.LukeSkywalker’schildhoodhomeD.theshootinglocationofAttackoftheClones22.WhichofthefollowingisNOTCORRECTabouttheigloointhethirdparagraph?A.Wecanstillreachtheigloo.B.TheigloowasrestoredbyafanC.TheigloowastakenapartforAttackoftheClonesD.Theigloo’slocationisattheGPScoordinates3350'34.42N746'44.48E23.TheunderlinedwordEndorrefersto____________inStarWars.A.ananimalB.apersonC.aplaceD.acompany

Reducereuseandrecyclethispopularenvironmentalslogantellsushowtoreducetheamountofrubbishthatendsupinlandfills.Thesloganisbeingusedtodealwithonepossiblydangerousformofelectronicjunksuchasoldcomputerscellphonesandtelevisions.Butthisprocessofmanaginge­wastemaybeusedinanunscrupulouswaymoreoftenthannotarecentreportsuggests.Manyofthesematerialsarebeingsenttodevelopingnationsundertheexcuseforreuse—tobridgethedigitaldividesaidRichardGutierrezapolicyresearcher.Oneoftheproblemsisthatnooneproveswhethertheseoldmachinesworkbeforetheyhittheseaways.Becauseofthisthereportsayse­wasteisagrowingprobleminLagosNigeriaandelsewhereinthedevelopingworlD.Muchofthewasteendsupbeingthrownawayalongriversandroads.Oftenit'stakenapartbypoorpeoplewhomayfacedangerousexposuretopoisonouschemicalsintheequipment.Tradesmenalsopayworkersalittlemoneytogetmaterialsbacksuchasgoldandcopper.Thislow­techrecoveryprocesscouldexposeworkersandthelocalenvironmenttomanydangerousmaterialsusedtobuildelectronics.AccordingtoGutierrezthisshadoweconomyexistsbecausetheexcuseforrecyclingandreusingelectronicsgivesbusinessmenagreenpassporttoshipwastearoundtheglobE.DevelopingnationsmusttakeonsomeoftheresponsibilitythemselvesGutierrezsaiD.ButheaddedAgreaterpartofthisresponsibilityshouldfallontheexportingstatE.Chinaforexamplehasbecomeadumpingplaceforlargeamountsofe­wastE.Thenationisbeginningtotakeactiontostoptheflowofdangerousmaterialsacrossitsborders.TheChinesegovernmentaftermanyyearsofdenialsisfinallybeginningtotaketheleaD.25.Theunderlinedwordunscrupulousinthesecondparagraphmostprobablymeans____.A.efficientB.profitableC.unbelievableD.dishonest26.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.OldcomputersandTVsstillworkbeforetheyaresentabroaD.B.Poorpeoplebreakupe­wastetocollectsomevaluablematerials.C.Alotofe­wasteisdumpedindevelopingcountries.D.Theproblemofe­wasteisgrowingindevelopingcountries.27.AccordingtowhatGutierrezsaidwecanlearnthat________.A.exportingcountriesshouldmainlyberesponsibleforthee-wasteproblemB.neitherdevelopednordevelopingcountriesshouldbeblamedforthee-wasteproblemC.developingcountriesshouldmainlyberesponsibleforthee-wasteproblemD.developingcountriesshouldnotbeblamedforthee-wasteproblem28.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat________.A.Chinahashiddenalargeamountofe-wasteinmanysecretplacesB.Chinahasgreatlychangeditsideaabouttheproblemofe-wasteC.ChinahaspreventedpoisonousmaterialsfromenteringChinaforalongtimeD.Chinaisfallingbehindothercountriesindealingwithe-waste

Thenumberofpeoplehidingtheiridentitywhilesurfingthewebhasriseninthepastyear.ResearchshowsthatthelevelofencryptedinternetactivityhasrisendramaticallyacrosstheworldsuggestingthatmillionsofpeoplehavebeguntousesoftwarethathideswhotheyarewhileaccessingtheweB.AccordingtoSandvinethetechnologynetworkingcompanyhiddeninternettrafficinpeakhoursinEuropehasbeenupto6.1percentofallwebactivitiescomparedwithabout1.5percentayearearlier.InNorthAmericaencryptedtrafficwentupto3.8percentfrom2.3percentayearearlierwhileinLatinAmericaitjumpedtoalmost10.4percentfrom1.8percent.Expertssaidthatthechangesinonlinebehaviorweretheresultofexposure曝光aboutwidespreadinternetspyingbyintelligenceagenciessuchasthatexposedbyEdwardSnowdentheUSNationalSecurityAgencywhistleblower.ItwillbeinterestingtoseehowthesetrendsdevelopsaidErnestoVanderSarthepen-nameusedbytheeditor-in-chiefofTorrentfreak.comthewebsitethatfirstreportedthefigures.Inanycaseit’sclearthatinternetservicesandtheirusersarebecomingmoreawareoftheirprivacyonlinewhichisgenerallyagooddevelopment.LastweekSirTimBerners-LeetheBritishinventorofthewebdefendedtherightofagenciestospyontheinternetforlawenforcement强制实施.HesaidWehavetofigureouthowtobalancethatagainstrights.28.ThewordencryptedinParagraphTwohastheclosestmeaningwith______.A.falseB.hiddenC.cheatingD.changed29.Whichareahasseenthelargestriseinencryptedinternetactivity?A.EuropE.B.NorthAmericA.C.LatinAmericA.D.EasternAsiA.30.Whydomorepeoplehidetheiridentitywhilesurfingtheweb?A.Tocheatothers.B.Tohavemorefun.C.Tofollowthefashion.D.Topreventtheirprivacybeingspiedon.31.What’sSirTimBerners-Lee’sopiniononsomeagencies’spyingontheinternet?A.It’sillegal.B.It’stotallyright.C.It’sagainsthumanrights.D.It’sacceptabletosomedegreE.

Washington:NASAhasannouncedevidencethatJupiter'slargestmoonGanymedehasasaltwateroceanunderitsicysurfacE.TheoceanseemstohavemorewaterthanallthewateronEarth'ssurfaceaccordingtonewHubbleobservation.NewHubbleobservationsofGanymede'smagneticfieldstronglysuggestthatthemoonwhichisthelargestinourwholesolarsystemishometoasubsurfaceocean.Scientistsestimatetheoceanis95kilometresthickwhichisabout10timesdeeperthanEarth'soceans.ButunlikeoursaltywatersGanymede'soceanisburiedunder150kilometresoficE.Whilescientistshavespeculated推测since1970saboutthepresenceofanoceanonGanymede------thelargestmooninoursolarsystem------untilnowtheonlyobservationalevidencecamefromabriefflybybytheGalileospacecraftwhichdidn’tobservethemoonlongenoughtoconfirmaliquidocean.ThisdiscoverymarksanimportantmilestonehighlightingwhatonlyHubblecanaccomplish.Inits25yearsinorbitHubblehasmademanyscientificdiscoveriesinourownsolarsystem.A.deepoceanundertheicysurfaceofGanymedeopensupfurtherexcitingpossibilitiesforlifebeyondEarth.ScientistshavealreadyconfirmedtheexistenceofanoceanonEuropeanothermoonorbitingJupiterandNASAhasannouncedplanstosendanunmannedmissiontheresearchingforthelifethatmightcomewithliquidwater.HubbleisatelescopethatorbitsEarthbutbecauseofitsimpressivegravitationalanalysesitcanbeusedtostudytheinsideoffardistantplanets.Usingthesesameprinciplesscientistscouldtheoreticallydetectoceansondistantplanetsaswell.21.WhatcanwelearnabouttheGanymedefromthepassage?A.Itisaplanetwiththelargestmooninourwholesolarsystem.B.Itsoceanaddstopeople’sexcitementaboutlifebeyondEarth.C.ItwillbeusedbyNASAasabasefortheHubbletelescopE.D.ItsliquidoceanwasfirstprovedbytheGalileospacecraft.22.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetowardsHubble?A.CautiousB.DoubtfulC.NegativeD.Favourable23.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph6mean?A.AnundergroundoceanhasbeenfoundinEuropE.B.ThepresenceofanundergroundoceaninEuropeisnotpossiblE.C.ItisnowcertainthatthereisanoceanonEuropE.D.NoevidencehasshowntheexistenceofanoceanonEuropE.24.Whattypeofwritingdoesthispassagebelongto?A.A.termessayB.A.newsreportC.AnexperimentreportD.Anexplorationreview.

Airpollutionbysourcesrangingfromcookingfirestoautosmokecontributedtoanestimatedsevenmilliondeathsworldwidein2012theUNhealthagencysaidTuesday.Airpollutionandweretalkingaboutbothindoorsandoutdoorsisnowthebiggestenvironmentalhealthproblemandit’saffectingeveryonebothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriessaidMariaNeiratheWorldHealthOrganization’spublicandenvironmentalhealthchief.Globallypollutionwaslinkedtoonedeathineightin2012newWHOresearchfounD.Thebiggestpollution-relatedkillerswereheartdiseasestrokepulmonary肺的diseaseandlungcancer.Thehardest-hitregionsoftheglobewerewhattheWHOlabelsSoutheastAsiawhichincludesIndiaandIndonesiaandtheWesternPacificrangingfromChinaandSouthKoreatoJapanandthePhilippines.Togethertheyaccountedfor5.9milliondeaths.Theglobaldeathtollincluded4.3milliondeathsduetoindoorairpollutionchieflycausedbycookingovercoalandwoodstovesandsoon.Thetollfromoutdoorpollutionwas3.7millionwithsourcesrangingfromcoalheatingfirestogasengines.ManypeopleareexposedtobothindoorandoutdoorpollutiontheWHOsaidandduetothatoverlap重叠theseparatedeathtollattributedtothetwosourcescannotsimplybeaddedtogetherthereforethefigureofsevenmilliondeaths.ThenewfigureisshockingNeiratoldreporters.Whenitlastreleasedanestimatefordeathsrelatedtoairpollutionin2008theagencyhadputthefigurerelatedtooutdoorpollutionat1.3millionwhilethenumberblamedonindoorpollutionwas1.9million.Butachangeinresearchmethodsmakescomparisondifficultbetweenthe2008estimateandthe2012figuresNeirasaiD.InthepastforexampletheWHOdidnottakeintoaccounttheoverlapbetweenexposuretobothformsandonlyassessedurbanpollution.Satelliteimageryhasmadeiteasiertoassessruralpollutionandnewknowledgeaboutthehealthimpactofexposurehasenabledabettercount.28.WecaninferfromParagraph1that.A.airpollutiononlycomesfromcookingfiresandvehiclesmokeB.airpollutionhascausedabigdisastertothewholeworldC.healthproblemmusthavecomefromairpollutionD.airpollutionaremainlyaffectingthedevelopingcountries29.Whichofthefollowinghasnothingtodowithseriousairpollution?A.AIDS.B.HeartdiseasE.C.StrokE.D.Lungcancer.30.WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordlabelsinParagraph2?A.Launches.B.Breaks.C.Classify.D.Forbids.31.Whatcanweknowaboutthedeathscausedbyairpollution?A.Indoorairpollutionshouldbetoblamefor5.9milliondeaths.B.Cookingbyburningcoalsandwoodetcisthemainreasonforindoorairpollution.C.Airpollutionisnotrelatedtodrivingcarsormotorcycles.D.Outdoorpollutionisfromcoalheatingfiresandgasengines.

Ingeneralpeopletalkabouttwogroupsofcolors:warmcolorsandcoolcolors.Thewarmcolorsareredorangeandyellow.WheretherearewarmcolorsandalotoflightpeopleusuallywanttobeactivE.Thecoolcolorsaregreenblueandviolet.Thesecolorsunlikewarmcolorsarerelaxing.Wheretherearecoolcolorspeopleareusuallyquiet.PeoplewholiketospendtimealoneoftenpreferbluE.Redmaybeexcitingbutoneresearchersaysthattimeseemstopassmoreslowlyinaroomwithwarmcolorsthaninaroomwithcoolcolors.Hesuggeststhatawarmcolorsuchasredororangeisagoodcolorforalivingroomorrestaurant.Peoplewhoarerelaxingoreatingdonotwanttimetopassquickly.Coolcolorsarebetterforofficesorfactoriesifthepeoplewhoareworkingtherewanttimetopassquickly.Perhapswarmcolorsremindpeopleofwarmdaysandthecoolcolorsremindthemofcooldays.Peopleassociatecolorswithdifferentobjectsfeelingsandholidays.Peoplesayredisanexcitingandactivecolor.Theyassociateredwithastrongfeelinglikeanger.RedisusedforsignsofdangersuchasSTOPsignsandfireengines.TheholidaywhichisassociatedwithredisValentine’sDay.Orangeisthebrightwarmcolorofleavesinautumn.Peoplesayorangeisalivelyenergeticcolor.Theyassociateorangewithhappiness.TheholidayswhichareassociatedwithorangeareHalloweeninOctoberandThanksgivingDayinNovember.Whiteisthecolorofsnow.Peopledescribewhiteasapurecleancolor.Theyassociatewhitewithabrightcleanfeeling.Ontheotherhandblackisthecolorofnight.Peoplewearblackclothesatseriousorformalceremonies.Yellowisthecolorofsunlight.Peoplesayitisacheerfulandlivelycolor.Greenisthecoolcolorofgrassinspring.Peoplesayitisarefreshingandrelaxingcolor.Machinesinfactoriesareusuallypaintedlightgreen.BlueisthecoloroftheskywaterandicE.PoliceandNavyuniformsarebluE.WhenpeoplearesadtheysayIfeelbluE.Theyassociatebluewithfeelingslikeunhappinessandfear.Iftwoobjectsarethesameexceptforcolortheywilllookdifferent.Colorcanmakeanobjectlooknearerorfartherlargerorsmaller.Brightobjectslooklargerthandarkobjects.InconclusioncolorisveryimportanttopeoplE.Warmandcoolcolorsaffecthowpeoplefeel.Peoplechooseproductsbycolor.Moreovercoloraffectshowanobjectlooks.Itisevenpossiblethatyourfavoritecolortellsalotaboutyou.32.Thepeoplewhopreferwarmcolorsusuallyare________.A.quietB.energeticC.angryD.relaxing33.Thefactthatonefamilypaintsthelivingroomasunnyyellowsuggests________.A.peoplewanttobequietB.peoplewanttosleepslowlyC.peoplewanttimetopassmoreslowlyD.peopleassociatecolorswithholidays34.Whydodoctorsandnursesnormallywearwhiteuniforms?A.Becausewhitemeanspureandclean.B.Becausewhitemeansseriousorformal.C.Becausetheylikethecolourofsnow.D.Becausetheylikewearinguniforms.35.Wemaylearnfromthetextthatfatpeoplewhowanttolookslimmershouldwear________clothes.A.blueB.darkC.whiteD.yellow

Modernsmartphonesarefastbecomingthemust-haveitem.Butwhat’sinstoreforthenextgenerationofsmartphones?Tiredofcarryingaroundthatheavywallet?Soonyouwon’tneedto!ThenextgenerationofsmartphoneswillhaveNFCtechnologywhichletsyoupayforthingswithyoursmartphones.AllyoudoisenteryourcreditcardinformationintoyourphonE.ThenwhenyouareinashopthatallowsNFCpaymentsyoujustwaveyourphoneoveraspecialinstrumentatthecheckout.ThepurchaseisinstantlychargedtoyourcreditcarD.Everseensomeonewearingsomethingandwishedyouknewwheretogetit?SoonitwillbeeasywithPicCommercenewtechnologythatusesimage-recognitionsoftwarE.Here’showitworks.IfyouseesomethingyoulikesimplytakeaphotoofitwithyoursmartphonE.Thenyourphonewillsendtheimagetoaspecialserverwhichwillrespondwithinformationaboutwhereyoucanbuyitandhowmuchitwillcost.Sickofyoursmartphonebatterygoingflat?Withsomanyapplicationsdraining消耗thebatterythelatestphonesneedtobechargedeveryday.Butnextgenerationsmartphoneswillcomewithbuilt-inchipsthatcanconnecttoanantenna天线inyourhomE.Andaslongasyourphoneiswithinrangeoftheantennayouwillbeabletochargeyoursmartphonewirelesslyevenifitisinyourpocket.Worriedaboutgettingyoursmartphoneswetintherain?A.companycalledHz0hasinventedWaterBlocknewtechnologythatmakesyourphonecompletelywaterproof.Andit’ssoeffectivethatyourphonewillevenworkunderwater.Fedupwithcarryingaheavyphonearound?SoonyouwillbeabletogetaPaperPhone!FlexiblephonesarethefuturesaidscientistRoelVertegaal.Sowhatarethebenefitsofflexiblephones?WellitmeansthatinsteadofcarryingyourphoneinyourpocketyoucouldwearitwrappedaroundyourwristforexamplE.Ofcoursethereisjusttheproblem:withsomuchnewsmartphonetechnologyaroundyouwillsoonneedtobuyanewphone!32.Topaywithyoursmartphoneyouneedto________.A.gotoabankB.storemoneyinthephoneC.haveacreditcardD.buyaspecialinstrument33.Wecanlearnfromthe4thparagraphthatthenextgenerationofsmartphones________.A.willhavechipsinsteadofbatteriesB.mayconsumelesspowerC.needn’tbechargedfrequentlyD.willbechargedeasily34.WhichfeatureoffuturesmartphonesdoesParagraph6show?A.Theywillbeeasiertocarry.B.Theywillbecheaper.C.Theywillbesmaller.D.TheywillbeeasiertooperatE.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BasicFunctionsofSmartphonesB.TheFutureofSmartphonesC.AdvantagesofModernSmartphonesD.TheDevelopmentofPhoneTechnology

Worriedabouthowmanycaloriesyouwillgetinthatpieceofpizzachocolatecakeorbagofchips?A.newiPhoneapplication应用程序MealSnapmayhelp.Usersjustneedtotakeapictureofthemealwiththephoneanditwillgiveacalorieread-outalmostimmediately.MealSnapwasdevelopedbyDailyBurnahealthsocialnetworkthatfocusesonhelpingitsusersleadhealthierlifestyles.Ithascreatedseveralotherhealthanddiet-relatediPhoneapplications.Theapplicationgivesusersaquickreply.Todothatitmatchesthetakenpicturetoadatabank数据库withthecalorieinformationofnearly500000kindsoffooD.UsersthengettherangeofcaloriesforthemealthatisphotographeD.Westartedwithsomethingsimple—anapplE.A.coupleofminuteslatertheapplicationrepliedthatitwasanappleandbetween64and96calories.Moreimpressivewasthereplywereceivedaftersendingaphotoofamixedsaladbowl.MealSnaprepliedthatthebowlcontainedyellowricewithcornboiledeggsandbeansandthatthefoodwasbetween532and789calories.Mr.SmithdirectorofDailyBurnsaidthatusualcaloriecountingneededalongtimebutthattheapplicationmadeiteasiertoknowthecaloriesinfooD.Thatiswhyitissopopularamongthosewhoaretryinghardtoloseweight.InadditionMealSnapcanactasafooddiary.Noneedtowritedownwhatthey’veeatenthephotoeswillbestoreD.Theuserscankeepavisuallog视觉的记录.Mr.Smithsaidit’slikeafoodjourneybuteasier.AllyoudoistotakethepicturE.Thesimpleactofrecordingsomethingcancauseapsychological心理的changethatcanhelppeopleontheirhealthjourney.KnowingthecalorierangemakesmethinkmoreaboutwhatI’meating.33.ThepurposeofDailyBurnisto________.A.helppeoplefindwaystoloseweightB.makeiPhonemorepopularC.helppeoplehaveahealthylifeD.persuadepeopletobuyiPhoneproducts34.Whatcanbelearnedfromthethirdparagraph?A.MealSnapisonlyusefulforsimplethings.B.MealSnapcanalsotellwhatthefoodis.C.TheresultofMealSnapisn’talwaysright.D.MealSnapneedsalongtimetoshowthecalorierangE.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMealSnapisTRUE?A.Ithasbeenputintothemarket.B.Peoplewillhaveaphysicalchangebyusingit.C.It’spopularbecauseitwasdevelopedbyDailyBurn.D.PeoplehavetolinkiPhonewiththeInternettouseit.

Areyousometimesalittletiredandsleepyintheearlyafternoon?Manypeoplefeelthiswayafterlunch.Theymaythinkthateatinglunchisthecauseofthesleepiness.Orinsummertheymaythinkitistheheat.Howevertherealreasonliesinsidetheirbodies.Atthattime—abouteighthoursafteryouwakeup—yourbodytemperaturegoesdown.Thisiswhatmakesyouslowdownandfeelsleepy.Scientistshavetestedsleephabitsinexperimentswheretherewasnonightorday.Thepeopleintheseexperimentsalmostalwaysfollowedasimilarsleepingpattern.Theysleptforonelongperiodandthenforoneshortperiodabouteighthourslater.Inmanypartsoftheworldpeopletakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.Thisisespeciallytrueinwarmerclimateswheretheheatmakesworkdifficultintheearlyafternoon.Researchersarenowsayingthatnapsaregoodforeveryoneinanyclimate.Adailynapgivesoneamorerestedbodyandmindandthereforeisgoodforhealthingeneral.Incountrieswherenapsaretraditionalpeopleoftensufferlessfromproblemssuchasheartdisease.Manyworkingpeopleunfortunatelyhavenotimetotakenaps.Thoughdoctorsmayadvisetakingnapsemployersdonotallowit!Ifyoudohavethechancehoweverhereareafewtipsaboutmakingthemostofyournap.Rememberthatthebesttimetotakeanapisabouteighthoursafteryougetup.AshortsleeptoolateinthedaymayonlymakeyoufeelmoretiredandsleepyafterwarD.Thiscanalsohappenifyousleepfortoolong.Ifyoudonothaveenoughtimetryashortnap—eventenminutesofsleepcanbehelpful.33.Whydoyousometimesfeelsleepyintheearlyafternoon?A.Becauseyoueattoomuchforlunch.B.Becauseit’shotinsummer.C.Becauseyourbodytemperaturegoesdownatthattime.D.Becauseyoudidn’thaveagoodsleeplastnight.34.Whatcanwelearnaboutnapsaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Allthepeopleinwarmerclimatestakenapsinthemiddleoftheday.B.Doctorsneedtotakenapswhileemployersdon’t.C.Ifyoutakenapseverydayyou’11neversufferfromheartdisease.D.Takingnapsregularlyisbeneficialtopeople’shealth.35.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Ifyougetupat630amyou’dbettertakeanapatabout130pm.B.Takinganapwheneveryouwantwilldogoodtoyourhealth.C.Youwillfeellesssleepyifyousleepforalongtime.D.You’11feelsleepyatregularintervals间隔.

Mostcellphonecompaniesdesignmodelsespeciallyforkids.Butparentsareusuallytheonesbuyingthephones.AccordingtoaJuly2012study56%ofparentsofchildrenaged8to12havegiventheirchildrenacellphonE.ThenumbergoesupwithagE.Thestudyjustproveswhatmanypeoplealreadyguessed:manykidsifnotmosthavetheirowncellphones.Accordingtoarecentsurvey12isthemagicnumber.ItisthemostcommonageforkidstogettheirfirstcellphonE.But13%ofchildrenaged6to10alreadyhaveonE.Peoplewhoareforkids’usingcellphonesincludingmanyparentsnoticethatcellphoneshelpkidskeepintouchwiththeirfriendsandfamilies.Theybelievethatcellphonesareanimportanttoolinadangeroussituation.Kidscanreachtheirparentsatalltimes.Andsomepeoplesayhavingacellphonehelpsteachkidstoberesponsible.Somecellphonesdesignedforkidscanbesettoonlyworkwhenparentsapprove同意.What’stheharminthat?Butotherpeopleareworriedaboutthehealthandsafetyeffectsofkids’cellphones.TheybelievethatkidswithcellphoneswillspendlesstimeplayingoutsidewithfriendsandthatsendingtextmessagesormakingphonecallswhiledoinghomeworkmakesitdifficultforkidstoconcentratE.Theysaythatkidsarespendingtoomuchtimetextinginsteadoftalkingtoeachother.OurbrainsdevelopedtocommunicatefacetofacesaysGarySmallateacherattheUCLASchoolofMedicineinCaliforniA.Alotofthisislostwithtexting.Anotherworryiscyberbullying网络欺凌whichisontheriseasmorekidsusee-mailandtextmessagestocommunicatE.Andsomeexpertsareworriedaboutpossiblehealthrisks.TheyworrythatenergywavesproducedbycellphonescouldbeharmfultoyoungpeoplE.TobesafeparentsshouldnotletthemtalklongonthephonE.16.Bymentioningtheresultsofarecentstudytheauthorwantstoshowthat.A.notallcellphonesmeetkids’needsB.manykidshavetheirowncellphonesC.notallparentsbuytheirkidscellphonesD.kidswhoareoldenoughshouldhavecellphones17.Paragraph3mainlytalksabout.A.howtomakekidsbecomeresponsibleB.thepopularityofcellphonesamongkidsC.howkidscanreachtheirfriendsandfamiliesD.supporters’opinionsonkids’usingcellphones18.Cellphonescanbebadforkidsbecause.A.kidsreducepersonalcommunicationB.kidsspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesC.kidsdon’twanttodotheirhomeworkathomeD.cellphoneshaveabadinfluenceonkids’brains19.What’sGarySmall’sattitudetowardstexting?A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heknowslittleaboutit.C.Heisagainstit.D.Heisfondofit.20.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.A.there’recellphonesspeciallydesignedforkidsonthemarketB.kidsaged6to10havemorecellphonesthankidsatotheragesC.kidswhohavecellphoneshavefewerfriendsthanthosewhodon’tD.cellphoneshelpkidsimprovetheirrelationshipswithfriendsandfamilies

WalkthroughtheAmazonrainforesttodayandyouwillfinditsteamywarmdampandthick.Butifyouhadbeentherearound15000yearsagoduringthelasticeagewouldithavebeenthesame?Formorethan30yearsscientistshavebeenarguingabouthowrainforestsmighthavereactedtothecolddryclimateoftheiceagesbuttillnownoonehasreachedasatisfyinganswer.RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtosolveglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear:equaltothetotalamountofCO2givenoffintheUKeachyear.ButhowwilltheAmazonreacttothefutureclimatechange?IfitgetsdrierwillitsurviveandcontinuetodrawdownCO2?Scientistshopethattheywillbeabletolearninadvancehowtherainforestwillmanageinthefuturebyunderstandinghowrainforestsreactedtoclimatechangeinthepast.Unfortunatelycollectinginformationisincrediblydifficult.Tostudythepastclimatescientistsneedtolookatfossilizedpollen花粉keptinlakemudGoingbacktothelasticeagemeansdrillingdownintolakesediments沉淀物whichrequiresspecializedequipmentandheavymachinery.Thereareveryfewroadsandpathsorplacestolandhelicoptersandaeroplanes.Riverstendtobetheeasiestwaytoentertheforestbutthisstillleavesvastareasbetweentheriverscompletelyunsampled未取样.SofaronlyahandfulofcoreshavebeendrilledthatgobacktothelasticeageandnoneofthemprovideenoughinformationtoprovehowtheAmazonforestreactstoclimatechangE.25.Howdoscientistsstudythepastclimatechange?A.BypredictingtheclimatechangeinthefuturE.B.Bydrillingdowndeepintolandsediments.C.ByanalyzingfossilizedpolleninlakemuD.D.BytakingsamplesfromriversintheAmazon.26.Whyisitdifficulttocollectinformationaboutthepastclimatechange?A.Becausescientistscan'tfindproperequipmentandmachinery.B.Becauseitisverydifficulttoobtaincompletesamples.C.BecausehelicoptersandaeroplaneshavenoplacetolanD.D.Becausenoneofthecoresprovideanyinformation.27.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.A.medicaljournal.B.A.newsreportC.A.travelbrochurE.D.A.sciencemagazinE.28.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.A.SecretsoftheRainforestB.ClimatesoftheAmazonC.TheHistoryoftheRainforestD.ChangesoftheRainforest

WhenyouwatchTVprogramsaboutwildanimalsitissurprisingtoseehowanantelopecanescapealion’sattack.Inthewildernesseveryonehasastunt绝招.Evenplantshavetheirownwaysoffightingoffenemies.Overmillionsofyearsofevolution进化plantshavedevelopedauniquedefencesystem防卫系统.Chemicalsarewidelyusedforsurvival.Bymakingtheirleavesflowersrootsandfruitspoisonous有毒的toenemiesplantscanfightback.OnesuchplantistheGoldenWattletreeBritishscientistDavidCaneronhasfoundwhenananimaleatsthetree’sleavestheamount数量ofpoisonincreaseintheotherleaves.It’sliketheinjuredleavestelephoningtheotherstellingthemtofighttogetheragainsttheenemyhesaiD.Thetreealsosendsdefencemessagestoneighboringplantsbygivingoutaspecialsmell.GoldenWattletreesinthenearby45meterswillgetthemessageandproducemorepoisonwithin10minutes.Nowifanenemyeatstoomanyofthetrees’leavesitwilldiE.Everyspeciesofplantortreeisgoodatproducingaspecialsetofchemicals.A.herbivorethatcansafelyeattheleavesofonetreemaybepoisonedbyitsneighbor.Inthiswayplantshavedevelopednotonlytheirowndefencesystembutalsosharedwithothers.Thismakesitimpossibleforasingleanimaltodestroyevenasmallareaofforest.43.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.PlantsFightBackWithPoisonsB.PlantsCanKillAnimalsC.AnimalsandPlants.D.LionsandAntelopes44.AccordingtothestudyifoneGoldenWattletreeisattackedbyanimalsitcan________.A.tellothertreestoprotectitB.producemorepoisonwithin10minutesC.sentdefencemessagestotheneighboringplantsD.killtheanimalswithitsleaves45.Inthispassagetheunderlinedwordherbivoreprobablymeansanimalswhich.A.liveonbothanimalsandplantsB.feedonsmalleranimalsC.liveontreesD.feedonplantsorgrass.

Clevernessisagiftwhilekindnessisachoice.Giftsareeasy—they’regivenafterall.Choicecanbehard.IgottheideatostartAmazon16yearsago.IcameacrossthefactthattheInternetusagewasgrowingat2300percentperyear.I’dneverseenorheardofanythingthatgrewthatfastandtheideaofbuildingallonlinebookstorewithmillionsoftitleswasveryexcitingtomE.Ihadjustturned30yearsoldandI’dbeenmarriedforayear.ItoldmywifeMacKenziethatIwantedtoquitmyjobandgotodothiscrazythingthatprobablywouldn’tworksincemoststart-upsdon’tandIwasn’tsurewhattoexpect.MacKenzietoldmeIshouldgoforit.AsayoungboyI’dbeenagarageinventor.I’dalwayswantedtobeallinventorandshewantedmetofollowmypassion.IwasworkingatafinancialfirminNewYorkCitywithabunchofverysmartpeopleandIhadabrilliantbossthatImuchadmired.IwenttomybossandtoldhimIwantedtostartacompanysellingbooksontheInternet.HetookmeonalongwalkinCentralParklistenedcarefullytomeandfinallysaidThatsoundslikeareallygoodideabutitwouldbeanevenbetterideaforsomeonewhodidn’talreadyhaveagoodjob.That1ogicmadesomesensetomeandheconvincedmetothinkaboutitfor48hoursbeforemakingafinaldecision.SeeninthatlightitreallywasadifficultchoicebutfinallyIdecidedIhadtogiveitashot.Ididn’tthinkI’dregrettryingandfailing.AndIsuspectedIwouldalwaysbehauntedbyadecisiontonottryatall.AftermuchconsiderationItookthelesssafepathtofollowmypassionandI’mproudofthatchoice.Forallofusintheendweareourchoice.28.Whatinspiredtheauthorwiththeideaofbuildinganonlinebookstore?A.Hisdreamofbeinganinventor.B.Thesupportofhiswife.C.ThegreatlyincreasingusageoftheInternet.D.Millionsofexcitingtitles29.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedsentence?A.Theideaofnottryingwouldkeepcomingtohismindanddisturbhim.B.Hewouldbeveryexcitedifhetrieditout.C.Bewouldbealwayshavingadoubtifhedidn’ttry.D.Thedecisiontonottrytheonlinebookstorewouldterrifyhim.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ClevernessandKindnessB.TheStartingofAmazonC.FollowingMyPassionD.WeAreWhatWeChoose31.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thebossthoughttheideawassuitablefortheauthorB.theauthorwantedsomeoneelsetotrytheideaC.theauthormightnotregretifhefailedtheideaD.theauthormightgobacktohisbossifhefailed

Desertsarefoundwherethereislittlerainfallorwhererainforawholeyearfallsinonlyafewweeks'timE.Teninchesofrainmaybeenoughformanyplantstosurvive存活iftherainisspreadthroughouttheyearIfitfallswithinoneortwomonthsandtherestoftheyearisdrythoseplantsmaydieandadesertmayform.Sandbeginsastinypiecesofrockthatgetsmallerandsmalleraswindandweatherwearthemdown.Sanddunes沙丘areformedaswindsmovethesandacrossthedesert.BitbybitthedunesgrowovertheyearsalwaysmovingwiththewindsandchangingtheshapE.Mostofthemareonlyafewfeettallbuttheycangrowtobeseveralhundredfeethigh.Thereishowevermuchmoretoadesertthansand.InthedesertsofthesouthwesternUnitedStatescliffs悬崖anddeepvalleyswereformedfromthickmudthatoncelaybeneathaseamorethanmillionsofyearsago.Overthecenturiesthewaterdriedup.Windsandrainheatandcoldallworeawayattheremainingrocks.Thefacesofthedesertmountainsarealwayschanging–-veryveryslowly---astheseforcesofnaturecontinuetoworkontherock.MostdesertshaveasurprisingvarietyoflifE.Thereareplantsanimalsandinsectsthathaveadaptedtolifeinthedesert.DuringtheheatofthedayavisitormayseeveryfewsignsoflivingthingsbutastheairbeginstocoolintheeveningthedesertcomestolifE.Asthesunbeginstoriseagainintheskythedesertonceagainbecomesquietandlonely.24.Manyplantsmaysurviveindesertswhen__________________.A.itisdryalltheyearroundB.therainfallsonlyinafewweeksC.thereislittleraininayearD.therainisspreadoutinayear25.Sanddunesareformedwhen___________________.A.sandpilesupgraduallyB.thereisplentyofraininayearC.theseahasdriedupovertheyearsD.piecesofrockgetsmaller26.Theunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphprobablymeansthatinadesertthereis____________.A.toomuchsandB.moresandthanbeforeC.nothingexceptsandD.somethingelsebesidessand27Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatinadesert____________.A.thereisnorainfallthroughouttheyearB.lifeexistsinroughconditionsC.allsanddunesareafewfeethighD.rocksarewornawayonlybywindandheat

Acrosstheplanettherearemillionsofpeoplewhoengageinsometypeofmeditationthepracticeofconcentratingandclearingthemindtobringthebodyintoastateofpeaceatleastasemi-regularbasis.ForsomeparticularlyamongpractitionersofEasternreligionssuchasBuddhismandHinduismthisispartandparceloftheirreligiouspracticE.ForothersparticularlyinWesternculturesmeditationtendstobearesponsetostress.Withtheworldeconomyapproachingmeltdownandpeopleworriedabouttheirjobortheirabilitytokeeptheirhomeit’sawayforpeopletoattainastateofpeaceofmindandwell-being.Forthoseinterestedintakingupthepracticeinstructioninmeditationforbeginnerscanbefoundinliterallythousandsofsources.OneofthemostpopularstylesofmediationintheWestwithclassesofferedinmostmajorcitiesiscalledTranscendentalMeditation.TMasitisknownamongitspractitionersfirstcametoworldwideattentionwhentheBeatlesbeganpracticingitin1967.FordirectguidedpersonalinstructioninmeditationforthebeginnerTMmaybethehallmark.Partoftheconfusionabouthowtopracticemeditationeffectivelyisduetothefactthatthereareliterallyhundredsoftechniqueschampionedbyvariousgroupsandindividuals.Asageneralprincipleitmightbesaidthatallmeditationtechniquesseektohavethepractitionerattainastateofconsciousnessthatisdifferenttoourordinarystateofawareness.TheyattempttotrainpeopletocleartheirmindsandachieveasenseofinnerpeacE.Itsoundssimpleenoughbutofthehugenumberofpeopleexperimentwithmeditationveryfewareabletomaintainitspracticeoverthelonghaul.Inmostcasesthisisduetofrustrationovertheinabilitytoexperienceanydramaticinstantlyrecognizableeffects.Thisisquiteasadstateofaffairsthatsofewthesedaysarewillingorequippedtopersistinsomethingthatdoesn’tprovideimmediatelife-changingresults.Itreflectsacultureinwhichdemandsfordisciplineandsustainedeffortareconsideredunnecessaryorevenunfair.Itisnosurprisethereforethatmanypeopleabandontheireffortsatmeditationbeforetheyhaveachancetobearfruit.Butforanyonewhodoesdecidetotakeupthisworthwhilepracticepleaseremember:Youmustclearyourmindrelaxandtakeitasitcomes.Maintainthepracticewithasenseofdisciplineanddevotionandeventuallybenefitsofinnerpeaceandcalmwillbeyours.56.Theunderlinedpartpartandparcelofinparagraph1isnearestinmeaningto________.A.closelyassociatedwithB.verydifferenttoC.usuallysentfromD.animportantelementof57.Thegoalofmeditationis________.A.toclearthemindB.topracticeareligionC.todevelopatechniqueD.tocarryoutanexperiment58.Whatcanweinferaboutmeditationfromthepassage?A.Ithastwomaintypes.B.Itispracticedbymanyfamousartists.C.Itsbenefitsarenotimmediatelyobvious.D.Mostpeoplefinditaverygoodwaytorelax.59.AccordingtothewriterwhathasattractedmanyWesternpeopletomeditationpracticesinrecentyears?A.TheirimprovedunderstandingofforeignculturE.B.TheneedtofillintheirgrowingfreetimE.C.Increasingemploymentinstability.D.Migrationfromcountriesinwhichmeditationistraditional.60.Whoistheprobableaudienceforthisarticle?A.Experiencedmeditationpractitioners.B.Peopleinterestedinstartingtolearnmeditation.C.BuddhistsandHindus.D.Peoplewhoareveryreligious.

TheHawaiiVolcanoesNationalParkTheHawaiiVolcanoesNationalParkontheislandofHawaiihastwoactivevolcanoes:MaunaLoawhichlasteruptedin1984is13677feet4.17kmabovethesealevel;KilaueaisnexttoMaunaLoaandithasbeeneruptingsinceJanuary31983.Itis4190feet1.23kmabovesealeval.WhentovisitTheparkisopen24hoursadayallyearrounD.Therearenoplantsortreesonthelavafieldsandnoprotectionfromthesunsoyoumustbringsunscreen.HowtogetthereThebestwaytogettotheparkistotakeHighway11.FromtheairportatHiloHighway11willtakeyousouthwardacrosstheeasternpartoftheislanD.ThingstoseeIfyouwanttoknowmoreabouttheparktheKilaueaVisitorCenterissurelyastoptomakE.Itisaquarterofmile402mfromtheparkentrancE.Thereyoucanseeagreatmovieaboutreallavaandlearnaboutmanyguidedwalksandhikesaroundthepark.Youmustcheckweatherconditionsandvolcanicactivitybeforehikesaroundthepark.YoumustcheckweatherconditionsandvolcanicactivitybeforehikealonE.IfpossibleyoumaydrivedownChainofCratersRoadtoseelavaflowingintotheocean.TicketsEntrancetotheparkis＄10.00foreachvehicle＄5.00forthosewhotravelonfootorrideabicyclE.Childrenundertheageof15arefreE.56.TheKilaueaVisitorCenter______.A.offersallkindsofmoviesB.isnexttotheparkentranceC.isopenfor8hourseverydayD.introducestheparktovisitors57.Ifafamilyofthreedrivesacarintotheparktheyneedtopay________.A.＄5.00B.＄10.00C.＄15.00D.＄20.00

DragonfliesarealwayshuntingforfooD.What’smoretheyusuallycatchitintheair.Zig!Thedragonflycatchesasmallfly.Zag!Itseizesamosquito.Veryfewinsectscanoutflythedragonfly.Nomatterhowfasttheygonomatterwhichwaytheyturnthedragonflyisusuallyabletofollow.TwoengineersattheUniversityofTennesseeSpaceInstitutehavebeenstudyingthewaythatdragonfliesfly.Dr.JamesWuandDr.AhmadVakiliarestudyingwaystodesignafighterplanethatcanchangedirectionasquicklyandeasilyasdragonfliescan.Whyisthatimportant?IfyouareinafighterplaneandanotherplaneisafteryouyouwanttobeabletoflymorequicklythantheotherplaneDr.Vakilisays.Adragonfly’swingsarethekeytoitsflyingabilityDr.WuandDr.Vakilisay.Ifyoulookcloselyyouwillseethatadragonflyhastwowingsoneachsideofitsbody—alongfrontwingandaslightlyshorterbackwing.Duringflightsmallbutpowerfulwindsofairmovealongeachofthedragonfly’sfrontwings.Thusthepressureofairkeepsthedragonflyupintheair.A.dragonfly’sbackwingshelpkeepthewindsfrombreakingup.Dr.WuandDr.Vakiliarestudyingwaystomakefighterplanewingsuseairflowasefficientlyasdragonflywings.Doesthismeanthatsomedaywe’llhavefighterplanesthatlooklikedragonflies?Dr.WuandDr.Vakilisaynobecausethatwouldnotbepractical.Theydon’twantwingsthatlooklikeadragonfly’s.Rathertheywantwingsthatworklikeadragonfly’s—designedtohelpfighterplaneschangecoursequicklyandoutfly在飞行速度上胜过theirenemies.25.Theopeningparagraphismainlyintendedtoshow____.A.whydragonfliesflysofastB.howdragonfliessearchforfoodC.thefooddragonfliespreferD.theflyingabilitiesofdragonflies26.Dr.WuandDr.Vakiliwanttomakefighterplanesthatcantakeadvantageof______.A.airflowB.thedirectionofthewindC.thepowerofthewindD.airpressure27.WecaninferthatthefighterplanesdesignedbyDr.WuandDr.Vakilimay_____.A.flyatagreaterheightB.looklikedragonfliesC.havemorefunctionsD.makeaturnquickly

ForeightyfourdaysoldSantiagohadnotcaughtasinglefish.AtfirstayoungboyManolinhadsharedhisbadfortunebutafterthefortiethlucklessdaytheboy'sfathertoldhissontogoinanotherboat.FromthattimeonSantiagoworkedalonE.TheboylovedtheoldfishermanandalwayshelpedhimwithmoneyandfooD.UsuallytheywouldtalkaboutthefishtheyhadtakeninluckiertimesoraboutAmericanbaseballaftersupperwhileatnightaloneinhiscottageSantiagodreamedoflionsonthebeachesofAfricawherehehadgoneonasailingshipyearsbeforE.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.Ontheeighty-fifthdaySantiagosetofftofishbeforedawn.Twoofhisbaits饵werefreshtunas金枪鱼theboyhadgivenhim.Thenhesethislineswhichwentstraightdownintodeepdarkwater.AsthesunrosehesawotherboatsintowardshorE.A.manofwarbirdshowedhimwheredolphinwerechasingsomeflyingfish.ThistimeSantiagosawtunajumpinginthesunlight.A.smallonetookthehookonhislinE.PullingthefishaboardtheoldmanthoughtitagoodfortunE.Towardnoonamarlinacommonfishintheseastartedeatingthebaitwhichwasonehundredmetersdown.GentlytheoldmanplayedthefishabigoneasheknewfromtheweightonthelinE.Atlasthestrucktosettlethehook.ThefishdidnotcomeoutofthesurfacE.Insteaditbegantopulltheboattothenorthwest.Theoldmanfollowedit.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.Hewaitedpatientlyforthefishtobetired.Itbecamecoldafterthesunset.SuddenlythemarlinleanedpullingSantiagoforwardonhisfaceandcuttinghischeek.Bydawnhislefthandwascramped抽筋的.Thefishhadheadednorthward;therewasnolandinsight.Hungryhecutpiecesfromthetunaandchewedthemslowly.ThatmorningthefishjumpeD.SeeingitleapSantiagoknewhehadhookedthebiggestmarlinhehadeverseen.Thenthefishwentdownandturnedtowardtheeast.Santiagodrankalittlewaterfromthebottleduringthehotafternoon.ClosetonightfalladolphintookthesmallhookhehadbaiteD.Helifteditaboardcareful.Afterhehadrestedhecutmeatfromthedolphinandkeptalsothetwoflyingfishhefoundinitsstomach.Thatnightheslept.HeawoketofeelthelinerunningthroughhisfingersasthefishjumpeD.Makingthelinelooseslowlyhetriedtotirethemarlin.Afterthefishsloweditsrunhewashedhiscuthandsinseawaterandateoneoftheflyingfish.AtsunrisethemarlinbegantocirclE.Faintanddizzyheworkedtobringthebigfishnearerwitheachturn.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon鱼叉.Thefishwastwofeetlongerthantheboat.NofishlikeithadeverbeenseeninHavanaharbor.AnhourlaterhesightedthefirstsharkafierceMakoanditcameinfasttochaseafterthedeadmarlin.Theoldmanstruckthesharkwithhisharpoon.TheMakorolledandsankcarryingtheharpoonwithitandleavingthemarlinbloody.HeknewthesmellwouldspreaD.Watchinghesawtwosharksclosingin.Hestruckatonewithhisknifeandwatcheditslidingdownintodeepwater.Hekilledtheotherwhileittoreatthefleshofthemarlin.Whenthethirdappearedhethrust刺itwiththeknifE.Theothersharkscameatsunset.Atfirsthetriedtobeatthemwiththetiller舵柄fromtheboatbuthishandswerebleedingandthereweretoomanyintheseA.Inthedarknessashesteered掌舵towardtheharborofHavanaheheardthemhittingtheboatagainandagain.Buttheoldmanthoughtonlyofhissteeringandhisgreattiredness.Hehadgoneouttoofarandthesharkshadbeatenhim.Heknewtheywouldleavehimnothingbutthestrippedskeletonofthebigmarlin.Alllightswereoutwhenhesailedintothelittleharborandbeachedhisboat.Hecouldjustmakeoutthewhitebackboneandtheupstandingtailofthefish.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.Inhiscottagehefellonhisbedandwenttosleep.65.Theabovestoryismostlikelytobeadaptedfrom__________.A.TheAdventuresOfTomSawyerB.TheOldManAndTheSeaC.TheSonOfTheSeaD.TreasureIsland66.AccordingtothetextwhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutManolin?A.TheboyleftSantiagoatlast.B.TheboyhadmercyonSantiago.C.TheboywasSantiago'sadoptedson.D.TheboyshowedhisgreatconcernstoSantiago.67.Whydidthemanfeelthathecouldbeluckythistime?A.Becausealotofsharksfollowedhisboat.B.BecauseasmalltunatookthehookonhislinE.C.BecausehedreamedabouttheAmericanlions.D.Becausehesawmanyflyingfishwerechasedbythedolphins.68.WhydoesSantiagoletthemarlinleadhisboatinsteadofpullingthebigfishup?A.Hewastootiredandhungrytopullthebigfishup.B.Hewantedtousethemarlinasabaittocatchthesharks.C.Hisexperiencetoldhimnottodosobeforethefishwastiredout.D.Hewantedtokillthemarlinfirstbeforehepulledituptotheboat.69.WhichsentencebelowcanbeusedtobestdescribeSantiago'scharacter?A.HenolongerdreamedofhisdeadwifE.inParA.1B.Althoughhewasaloneandnolongerstronghehadhisskillandknewmanytricks.inParA.4C.Almostexhaustedhefinallydrewhisbigfishalongsideanddroveintheharpoon.inParA.5D.Oncehefellundertheirweightandlaypatientlyuntilhecouldgatherhisstrengthtogoon.inParA.670.Accordingtothetextwhatwillbetalkedaboutnext?A.People'sreflectionwhentheysawthegiantmarlin’sskeletonoutsidE.B.A.funeralheldbytheboyandthelocalpeopleafterhisdeath.C.Santiago’sactiontorealizehisdreamaboutthelions.D.Santiago’sstruggleagainstsharks.

SirJohnaBritishscientistwhowonlastyear’sNobelPrizeformedicinesaidhehadpredictedatthetimeofhisfrogexperimentsthatthesuccessfulcloningofamammalwouldhappenwithin50yearsandthatmaybethesameanswerisappropriateforthesteptohumancloning.Parentswholosechildreninaccidentsmaybeabletoclonecopiestoreplacethemthen.Althoughanyattempttocloneanentirehumanwouldraisecomplexmoralissuesthebiologistclaimedpeoplewouldsoonovercometheirconcernsifthetechniquebecamemedicallyuseful.CloningwasregardedwithextremedoubtswhenitwasfirstdevelopedbutbecamewidelyacceptedafterthebirthofLouiseBrownthefirsttesttubebaby.HesaidWhenmyfirstfrogexperimentsweredoneanAmericanreporteraskedhowlongitwillbebeforethesethingscanbedoneinmammalsorhumans.Isaid‘Wellitcouldbeanywherebetween10yearsand100years—howabout50years?’Itturnedoutthatitwasn'tfaroffthemarkasfarasDollywasconcerneD.MaybethesameanswerisappropriatE.SirJohnaddedthatcloningahumanbeingeffectivelymeansmakinganidenticaltwinanddoctorswouldthereforesimplybecopyingwhatnaturehasalreadyproduced.Theaveragevoteonallowingparentsofdeceasedchildrenwhoarenolongerfertiletocreateanotherusingthemother'seggsandskincellsfromthefirstchildthinkingthetechniquewassafeandeffectiveis60percentinfavor.Thereasonsfornoareusuallythatthenewchildwouldfeeltheyweresomesortofareplacementforsomething.21.SirJohnpredictedthehumancloningwouldbearealityin________atmost.A.100yearsB.60yearsC.50yearsD.10years22.AccordingtothetextwhichstatementisNOTtrue?A.LouiseBrownisthefirsttesttubebaby.B.HumancloningisstillacontroversialtopiC.C.SirJohnispositiveaboutthefutureofhumancloning.D.Humancloningiscreatingsomethingthatdidn'texistbeforE.23.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.ThelifeofSirJohn.B.Predictiononhumancloning.C.Viewsonhumancloning.D.Achievementsinhumancloning.

ThesplendidauroralightdisplaysthatappearinEarth’satmospherearoundthenorthandsouthmagnetic磁的poleswereoncemysteriousphenomenA.Nowscientistshavedatafromsatellitesandground-basedobservationsfromwhichweknowthattheaurorabrillianceisamassiveelectricaldischargesimilartothatoccurringinaneonsign.TounderstandthecauseofaurorasfirstpicturetheEarthenclosedbyitsmagnetosphere磁层ahugeregioncreatedbytheEarth’smagneticfielD.Outsidethemagnetosphererushingtowardtheearthisthesolarwindaspeedilymovingbodyofionized离子化的gaseswithitsownmagneticfielD.Chargedparticles粒子inthissolarwindspeedearthwardalongthesolarwind’smagneticlinesofforcE.TheEarth’smagnetosphereisabarriertothesolarwindsandforcesthechargedparticlesofthesolarwindtoflowaroundthemagnetosphereitself.ButinthepolarregionsthemagneticlinesofforceoftheEarthandofthesolarwindgathertogether.Heremanyofthesolarwind’schargedparticlesbreakthroughthemagnetosphereandenterEarth’smagneticfielD.TheythenrushbackandforthbetweentheEarth’smagneticpolesveryrapidlyandionizeandexcitetheatomsoftheupperatmosphereoftheEarthcausingthemtoproduceauroraradiationsofvisiblelight.Thecolorsofanauroradependontheatomsproducingthem.Theleadinggreenish-whitelightcomesfromlowenergyexcitationofoxygenatoms.Duringhugemagneticstormsoxygenatomsalsoundergohighenergyexcitationandproducepinklight.Excitednitrogen氮atomscontributebandsofcolorvaryingfrombluetoviolet.ViewedfromouterspaceaurorascanbeseenasdimlyshiningbeltswrappedaroundeachoftheEarth’smagneticpoles.Eachaurorahangslikeacurtainoflightstretchingoverthepolarregionsandintothehigherlatitudes.Whenthesolarflares闪光thatresultinmagneticstormsandauroraactivityareverystrongauroradisplaysmayextendasfarasthesouthernregionsoftheUnitedStates.58.Whatisitthatdirectlygivesoffauroralight?A.theEarth’smagneticfieldB.thesolarwind’smagneticfieldC.theEarth’sionizedparticlesD.thesolarwind’schargedparticles59.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscuss?A.TheappearanceofaurorasaroundtheEarth’spoles.B.Theperiodicchangeinthedisplayofauroras.C.Thefactorsthatcausethevarietyofcolorsinauroras.D.Thecoveringareaofaurorasbasedontheircolors.60.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.ThemagnetosphereincreasesthespeedofparticlesfromthesolarwinD.B.Thecolorofgreenish-whiteappearsleastfrequentlyinanauroradisplay.C.Earth’smagneticfieldcontributestothevarietyanddifferenceofaurora’scolors.D.ThestrengthofthesolarflareshasapositiveeffectontheextendingdistanceofaurorA.

Thiscouldbetheperfectgiftforthepartnerwhoembarrassesyouonthedancefloor.Smartsockswhichcanteachtodancemaybetheanswerforanyonewithtwoleftfeet.Thesockshavebeendevelopedasarunningtooltohelprunnersimprovetheirskills.Thankstothesocksuserscanaccurately精确地recordnotonlyknowfarandfasttheyrunbutalsohowwell.Itmeanstheusermaximizes最大化theirperformanceandreducesdamagetobodyandpreventshurt.Thehi-techsocksaremadeofspecialfibers纤维thatwatchthemovementsofyourfeet.Theylookfeelandcanbewashedlikenormalclothes.Sensorsrecordeachmovementandsenditbyanankletransmitter脚踝发射器toasmartphonE.Thenavirtualcoachapplicationshowstheinformationandcantelltheuserwhattheyaredoingwrongandhelptoimproveskillinanytaskwithfeet.Thesocksshouldbeusefultoathletesandweekendjoggers.PeoplethinkrunningissoeasyandofcourseeverybodycandoitbutnotnecessarilysafelyandwellDrDavideViganosaiD.A.recentstudyshowedthatbetween60and80percentofrunnersgothurtperyear.Thisisprettymuchmorethananyotherhumanactivity.Researcherssaythetechnologycanalsobedevelopedtoteachpeoplehowtodanceplaysportssuchgolforeventohelptoteachwomentowalkbetterinhighheels.Mr.ViganosaidPeoplecouldallbenefitfromtheideA.Wehavehadinterestfromallsortsofsportslikeskiingfootballcyclingandgolf.Anythingwhereyouhavetouseyourfeetcanuseit.Itcouldevenbeputinhighheelstohelpwomenwalkinthemsafely.Socksarejustthestartandthetechnologycouldbeusedingloveshatsandboots.Thesocksankletandsoftwarepackageareexpectedtobesoldforaround￡120whichwillgoonsaleinMarch.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartanyonewithtwoleftfeetreferto?A.PeoplewhoaredisableD.B.Peoplewhoinventedthesocks.C.Peoplewhoarenotgoodatdancing.D.Peoplewhoareinterestedindancing.34.What’sspecialaboutfibersthatthesocksaremadeof?A.Theycanmonitorthemovementoffeet.B.Theyfeelmuchsofterthannormalclothes.C.TheyareexpensivetoproducE.D.Theyactasasmartphoneforusers.35.AccordingtoDrVigano_____A.60to80percentofrunnerswouldliketobuythesmartsocks.B.userscanrunasfastastheylikewiththesocks.C.everyonecanmakegooduseofthesmartsocks.D.norunnerswillgethurtthankstothesocks.

Whoknowsaboutsleep?Astronauts宇航员.Theyhaveto.Theirbodiesarecutofffromtheoutsideworldthatreminds提醒uswhattimeitis.Butactuallyit'sevenworsethanthat.AnastronautreportedinhisdiarythathewaslikelytomakemistakesondaysfollowinganunusuallylatebedtimE.SoNASAstarteddoingsomeseriousresearch.Theyquicklyrealizedthatwe'reaslavetotheoutsideworlD.Withoutlightanddarknesswe'reunabletoregulate管理sleeptimes.Becauseofmoderntechnologywe'realllivingmorelikeastronautsnow.Lightisnolongerafunction功能ofthesunbutofalways-onindoorlightsTVandcomputerscreens.Temperaturenolongerfollowsacycleofcoolingatnightandwarmingduringtheday.IsitanywonderthatathirdofAmericanshavesleepproblems?Maybeyouthinkthisdoesn'taffectyou—oratleastnotmuch.You'rewrong.Researchdoneonnon-astronautshasshownthesamething.Aftertwoweeksofsixhoursofsleepanight;you'redrunk.Bytheendoftwoweeksthesix-hoursleepersbehavedasbadlyasthosewhohadn'tsleptfor24hours.Butwhatdidtheysaywhenaskedhowtheyfelt?It'snotaffectingmE.SoifyouareperformingpoorlybecauseofsleepproblemsyoumayhavenoideA.Thisisarealproblem.SowhatanswersdidNASAcomeupwith?TakeanhourtocalmdownbeforebeD.Yesyou'rebusy.Butyourtimeisnotmorevaluablethananastronaut's.KeepyourbedroomdarkcoolandfreefromnoisE.Evenifyouthinkthelightdoesn'taffectyouorthenoiseisn'tthatbaditcanstillaffectsleepquality.Anotheradvice:forgetthealarmclock闹钟inthemorning;setanalarmtoremindyoutogotobedatnight.Whenitgoesofffinishupanyworkonthecomputerandturnoffanyunnecessarylights.Thispreventsyoufromcheatingyourselfonsleepandallowsyoutowakeupnaturally.32.WhatdidNASAfindaboutpeople’ssleep?A.Ittakesalongtimetodevelopregularsleeptimes.B.It’sstronglyinfluencedbytheoutsideworlD.C.Itremainsuntouchedbyoutsideinfluences.D.It’shardtochangeone’ssleephabits.33.Thebiggestproblemofthosewhohaven’tenoughsleepliesinthefactthat.A.theycan’tfallasleepwithoutthelightsonB.theydon’tknowwhethertheysleepwellC.theyrefusetoregulatetheirsleeptimesD.theygettoodrunktosleepwell34.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthetextmean?A.YoushouldmakefulluseofyourtimE.B.Youcanfindthetimetogetreadytosleep.C.Youcansleeplatertofinishyourworkfirst.D.Youshouldlearnfromastronauts’wayofsleep.35.What’stheadviceonthealarmclock?A.Useittoremindyoutosleep.B.PutitfarawayfromyourbeD.C.Getupimmediatelywhenitrings.D.Paynoattentiontoitwhenitrings.

Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrellA.ButdesignerMikhailBelyacvdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedlampbrellaalamppostwithitsownrain-sensingumbrellA.ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussiA.OnceIwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy伞蓬builtintoastreetlamp.hesaiD.Thelampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemanD.Sensors传感器thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.Inadditiontotherainsensorthere’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyone’susingthelampbrellA.AfterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyiscloseD.Accordingtothedesignerthelampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeedsoasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.BesidesitwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightingstrikE.EachlampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeoplE.Installed安装at2metersoffthegrounditwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.WhiletherearenoplanstotakelampbrellaintoproductionBelyacvsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartmentandinsiststhiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.34.ForwhatpurposedidBelyacvcreatethelampbrella?A.Topredictaheavyrain.B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.D.ToremindpeopletotakeanumbrellA.35.WhatdoweknowfromBelyacv’swordsinParagraph2?A.HiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperiencE.B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.36.WhatdoesParagraph5mainlytellusaboutthelampbrella?A.ItsmovingspeeD.B.ItsappearancE.C.Itsinstallation.D.Itssafety.37.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Thedesignerwillopenacompanytopromotehisproduct.B.Thelampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.D.ThelampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.

Zebrashavetheirownbugrepellent驱虫剂?Ewwbugs!Theyaresoannoying!Wehumansareluckythatwecanapplyrepellentstoavoidnastybites.Butwhat’sananimaltodo?Theyhavenochoicebuttospendtheirdaysshooingthemoffwiththeirtailsunlessofcoursetheyarezebraswhoapparentlyhavetheirownautomaticrepellent---theirstripedskin!Scientistshadoriginallythoughtthatthereasonwhytheanimalhaddevelopedtheblackandwhitelineswastohelpprotectitselffrompredators食肉动物intheAfricansavannah大草原becausethestripesmakeitdifficulttosingleoutonezebrathatistravelingwithaherD.Whilethatmaybetruethetheoryhasneverbeentestedorproven.Nowtheexpertshaveanother---thatthestripeshaveevolvedtorepeltheannoyinghorsefliesthatnotonlyfeedofftheirbloodbutalsotransmitdangerousgermsintothebodiesoftheseinnocentanimals.ThestudywasperformedbyateamofSwedishscientists.Oneofthecluesthatgotthemthinkingalongtheselineswasthefactthatdarkerhorsesgotbittenmoreoftenthanlight-coloredorwhiteones.Thefactthatzebrasarebornblackandonlydevelopstripesastheygrowoldermadethescientiststheorizethatthestripesmaybesomethingtheanimalshavedevelopedtomakethemselveslessattractivetoflies.Totestifthismaybethecasetheypaintedsomeboardsatahorse-infested寄生的horsefarminBudapestwithpatternsofblackandwhitestripesofvaryingwidthsandappliedalayerofglueonthem.Whattheynoticedwasthattheplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripeswereattheirnarrowestsimilartowhatzebrashaveattractedthefewestflies.Theyachievedsimilarresultswhentheypaintedhorseswithblackandwhitezebra-likestripes.Whiletheresearcharenotsurewhythismaybethecasetheybelieveitmaybesomethingtodowiththewayinsectsoperate---horsefliesareattractedtohorizontallypolarizedlight偏振光;sincewhitedoesnotreflectitwhitehorsesareluckierthanblackones.Butzebrasseemtobetheluckiestofall.Whentheresearchersmeasuredthepolarizedlightreflectedfromrealzebraskinstheyfoundthatitmatchedlightpatternsthatweretheleastattractivetohorseflies.Whilethistheorydoesmakelogicalsensenobodyis100percentsurethatitisreallytruegiventhatithasneverbeentestedonarealzebrA.Ifitistrueitdoesraisethequestionofwhyahorseacloserelativeofthezebrahasfailedtodevelopstripes.TheresearchersbelievethatthiscouldbebecausetherearemorehorsefliesinAfricawherezebrasresidethenanywhereelseintheworlD.TitleZebrashavetheirownbugrepellent?ReasonswhyzebrasdeveloptheirstripsOriginalbeliefWiththeblackandwhitelinesonezebraisdifficulttosingleoutwhiletravelingwithaherdthus___62.__itfromitsenemies.NewtheoryZebrasresidinginAfricawheretherearemosthorsefliesintheworldhavedevelopedstripsto___63.___beingattackeD.AstudyResearchersAteamofscientistsfrom___64.____65.___Totestifstripsaredevelopedtomakezebraslessattractivetoflies.Clues*Whiteorlight-coloredhorsesareless__66._togetbittenthandarkones.*Zebrasdevelopstripsastheygrowolderthoughbornblack.Method*Someboardsatahorsefarmarepaintedwithpatternsofblackandwhitestripesvariously___67.__alayerofglueappliedonthem.*Measuredthepolarizedlightreflectedfromrealzebraskins._68.___*Theplaceswheretheblackandwhitestripesatthenarrowestweresimilartothe__69.__zebrashaveattractedthefewestflies.*Stripsofzebrasmatchedlightpatternsthatweretheleastattractivetohorseflies.Principleofzebras’blackandwhitestripsrepellingthefliesHorizontallypolarizedlightwhichwhitedoesnotreflect___70.__tohorseflies.Conclusion___71.___testedonrealzebrasthetheoryisn’tdefinitelytruE.

Beforethegrasshasthickenedontheroadsideverges边缘andleaveshavestartedgrowingonthetreesisaperfecttimetolookaroundandseejusthowdirtyBritainhasbecomE.Thepavementsarestained污染withchewinggumthathasbeenspatoutandthegutters排水沟arefullofdiscardedfastfoodcartons纸板箱.YearsagoIremembertravellingabroadandbeingsaddenedbytheplasticbagsdiscardedbottlesandsoilednappiesattheedgeofeveryroaD.NowadaysBritainseemstolookatleastasbaD.Whathasgonewrong?TheproblemisthattherubbishcreatedbyourincreasinglymobileliveslastsalotlongerthanbeforE.Ifitisnotclearedupandproperlythrownawayitstaysintheundergrowthforyears;asemi-permanent半永久性的reminderofwhatatatty不整洁的littlecountrywehavenow.Firstlyitisestimatedthat10billionplasticbagshavebeengiventoshoppers.Thesewilltakeanythingfrom100to1000yearstorot.Howeveritisnotasifthereisnosolutiontothis.A.fewyearsagotheIrishgovernmentintroducedataxonnon-recyclablecarrierbagsandinthreemonthsreducedtheiruseby90%.WhenhewasaministerMichaelMeacherattemptedtointroduceasimilararrangementinBritain.TheplasticsindustryprotestedofcoursE.Howevertheyneednothavebothered;theideawaskilledbeforeitcoulddrawbreathleavingsupermarketsfreetogiveawayplasticbags.Whatisclearlynecessaryrightnowissomesortofcombinedinitiative首创精神bothindividualandcollective集体beforeitistoolatE.Thealternativeistocontinueslidingdownhilluntilwehaveacountrythatlookslikeavastmunicipalrubbishtip.Wemaywellbeatthetippingpoint.Yetweknowthatpeoplerespondtotheirenvironment.Ifthingsaroundthemarecleanandtidypeoplebehavecleanlyandtidily.Iftheyaresurroundedbysqualor肮脏的theybehavesqualidly.NowmuchofBritainlooksprettysqualid卑劣的.Whatwillitlooklikeinfiveyears?12.Accordingtothewriterthingsusedtobe.A.badabroaD.B.goodabroaD.C.betterabroaD.D.worsebutnowthingsarebetterabroaD.13.WhenMichaelMeacherwasaministerhe.A.followedtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.B.triedtofollowtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.C.madenoattempttofollowtheIrishexamplewithataxonplasticbags.D.hadproblemswiththeplasticsindustrywhoweren'tbotheredaboutthetax.14.Thewriterthinks.A.itistoolatetodoanythingtosolvetheproblem.B.weareatthetippingpointtosolvetheproblem.C.thereisnoalternativetosolvetheproblem.D.weneedtoworktogethertosolvetheproblem.15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthewriter’sopinion?A.peoplearesqualidandtheybehavesqualidly.B.peoplebehaveaccordingtowhattheyseearoundthem.C.peoplearecleanandtidyandbehavecleanlyandtidily.D.peoplearelikeavastmunicipalrubbishtip.

SportsshoesthatworkoutwhethertheirownerhasdoneenoughexercisetoensuretimeinfrontofthetelevisionhavebeeninventedintheUK.Theshoes―dubbed配音的SquareEyescontainanelectronicpressuresensorandatinycomputerchiptorecordhowmanystepsthewearerhastakeninaday.A.wirelesstransmitter发射机passestheinformationtoareceiverconnectedtoatelevisionandthisdecideshowmucheveningviewingtimethewearerdeservesbasedontheday’sefforts.Thedesignwasinspiredbyadesiretocombat遏制therapidlyballooningwaistlinesamongBritishteenagerssaidGillianSwanwhodevelopedSquareEyesasafinalyeardesignprojectatBrunelUniversityinLondonUK.Welookedatcurrentissuesandchildhoodobesity过度肥胖reallystoodoutshetoldNewScientist.AndIwantedtodealwiththatwithmydesign.Oncethechildhasuseduptheirdailyallowancegainedthroughexercisethetelevisionautomaticallyswitchesoff.AndfurthertimeinfrontoftheTVcanonlybeearnedthroughmoresteps.Swancalculatedhowexerciseshouldtranslatetotelevisiontimeusingtherecommendeddailyamountsofboth.Healthexpertssuggestedachildtake12000stepseachdayandwatchnomorethan2hoursofTV.Soevery100stepsrecordedbytheSquareEyesshoesequalsexactlyoneminuteofTVtimE.25.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe______.A.A.Newly-inventedTypeofShoesintheUKB.SmartShoesDecidingonTelevisionTimeC.NewShoesandWatchingTVintheUKD.TheProblemofChildren’sObesity26.Weknowfromthepassagethewirelesstransmitterisprobablyplacedin______.A.thepressuresensorB.thetelevisionC.thecomputerD.theshoes27.GillianSwandevelopedSquareEyesto______.A.gainenoughTVtimeB.dealwithchildhoodobesityC.encourageTVwatchingD.finishuniversitydesignproject28.TheunderlinedwordallowanceinParA.4probablymeans______.A.themoneygiventochildrenB.themoneyforwatchingTVC.thetimeofwatchingTVD.thestepstobetaken

ElNinoaSpanishtermfor＂theChristchild＂wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpatternwhichhappenseverytwotosevenyearsreducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarmwatercollectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacificflowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweakenorsometimestheotherwayrounD.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbadarefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNinoonbalancethantheylosE.A.studyfoundthatastrongNinoin1997-98helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby$15billionpartlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvestfarmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.A.multi-yeardrought干旱insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworsE.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCaliforniatheyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNinoin1997-98killedaround21000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobE.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarningandsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanpreparE.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstituteODIhoweverjust12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvanceratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure基础设施canreducethespreadofdiseasE.Bettersewers下水道makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authorscivilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountrythestrongerthelink.ThoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausalhelpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeoplE.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNinoreducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B.IttakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworlD.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.62.WhatmayE.lNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.

MotherNaturecanbefierceandsomeofthegreatestpowersheusescomesintheformofsandstorms.Theycanbefoundacrosstheglobeandmuchliketornadoes龙卷风littleisknownaboutthem.SandandduststormscanbedeadlywiththeirsuffocatingwindsfullofsanD.Afunnythingaboutsandandduststormsisthattheyhardlyevergiveanywarning.Theycanbedetectedlikeatornadobutonlyafterithasformedadustwhirl回旋.Onaradarscreentheyappeartobeanyothermassofbadweather.Howevertheyaremuchworsethanathunderstorm.NotonlydosandstormsproducetornadoescalledsandwhirlsbuttheyinvadeeverycornertheyfinD.Ifyoucangetoutofthepathdoso.HowtosurviveasandstormwhenyoucannotrunawaySandstormscomequicklyleavingvalleylikebeachesintheirwaythatcancoveranentirehousE.Ifyouhavetostaywhereyouaregetready.Closeallwindowsanddoorsandthencoverthemwithplasticclothorcurtainswhichhavetobenailedtothewalls.Thatwillhelpkeepthemillionsoftinybitsfromenteringyourthroatandlungs.CoveralltheholesthatleadtotheoutsidE.A.basementisnotnecessarilythebestplaceasthecloudsofdustwillsinkthroughthefloors.CoveryourentirefaceandeyesifpossiblE.Bandannas头巾willworkindanger.Hunker蹲downinasealedareaboxcontainerorroomthatisinnodangerofbeingrippedawaybythefiercewinds.Ifnothingelseisavailablelayyourselfonplasticclothorsomethingmadeofanairtightmaterialandthenrollyourselfupinit.Thesmallestcrackwillletinmoresandanddustthanyourlungscanhandleforanylengthoftimeandtheseforcesofnatureusuallyhangaroundforhourscoveringeverything.Breathingthroughwetclothlikeinafiresituationwillalsohelponcethecloudsofdustarebeginningtocomein.Thewetclothstopsthedustandprovidesmoistureinadifficultsituation.8.TheunderlinedwordsuffocatinginParagraph1probablymeans________.A.lettingoutastrangenoiseB.beingfrighteningordangerousC.destroyingeverythingonthewayD.causingdifficultyinbreathing9.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Therearesandstormsonlyindeserts.B.Sandstormsoftenarrivewithoutanysign.C.Sandstormsarequitedifferentfromtornadoes.D.Thunderstormsareworsethansandstorms.10.Whatisbestforpeopletodoifasandstormcomes?A.Getoutofitswayquickly.B.Coveryourselfwithwetcloth.C.CoveryourheadwithabandannA.D.Enterabasementifyoucan.11.Whyshouldpeoplehunkerdowninasealedareaboxorcontainer?A.Becausetheywon’tbeblownawaybysandstorms.B.Becausetheycan’tberippedawaybythewinD.C.Becausetheycanstopsandordustfromcomingin.D.BecausetheycanstopthedustandprovidemoisturE.

PassengerpigeonsonceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks群solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpointthereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStatesmakingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworlD.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmalleraflockbelievedtobeamilewideand320milesabout515kilometerslongwasseennearCincinnati.Sadlytheabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundantpeoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.CommercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrainwaiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeedthenthrewlargenetsoverthemtakinghundredsatatimE.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcenturythehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwoodwhichscattered驱散theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorthwherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdeclinE.Soonthegreatflocksweregonenevertobeseenagain.In1897thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeonsbutbythennosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCountyOhioin1900.ForatimeafewbirdssurvivedunderhumancarE.ThelastofthemknownaffectionatelyasMarthadiedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember11914.24.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturiespassengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS25.Theunderlinedwordundoingprobablyreferstothepigeons’______.A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution26.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?A.ToseekpleasurE.B.Tosaveotherbirds.C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.27.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?A.ItwasignoredbythepubliC.B.ItwasdeclaredtoolatE.C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.

Doyouknowwhatcouch-potatomeans?WellinAmericathewordisnowoftenuseD.YouseeinAmericamanypeopleoftenspendtheirfreetimesittingonasofawatchingTV.Astherearemanychannels频道tochoosetheTVcanbequiteinterestingandveryaddictive使人上瘾的.OnemaysitandwatchTVforhoursandhourswithoutstop!WellthesepeoplewhodonothingalldayexceptwatchTVarecalledcouch-potatoes.InAmericawhilewatchingTVmostoftensittingstillwitheyeslookingrightintotheTVset.AlsobecausethesepeopleareaddictivetoTVtheydon’ttakeexerciseandusuallygetveryfat.Soinmanywaysthesepeoplelooklikerealpotatoes!WellbecausetheylookfatandwatchTVonacouchtheyareallcalledcouch-potatoes.Nowyouknowwhatacouch-potatomeans.ThenexttimeifyouseesomeonewatchingTVtoolongjustsayWhatacouch-potato!21.Thewordcouch-potatoisoftenusedin______.A.ChinaB.AmericaC.FranceD.Germany22.Ifapersoniscalledacouch-potatoheorshe______.A.doesnothingalldayB.mustbeveryfatC.oftenwatchesTVinhisfreetimeD.oftenlistenstomusic23.Thepassagemainly主要tellsus______.A.howtowatchTVB.whatcouch-potatomeansC.whycouch-potatoesareveryfatD.whereyoucanfindcouch-potatoes24.Whichofthefollowingsdoyouthinkmaybethewriter’ssuggestion?A.NeverwatchTV.B.Don’tsitonacouch.C.Don’twatchTVtoomuchD.Don’teattoomuch

Caffeinenotonlygivesusadailyjumpstartbutnewresearchsuggestsitalsocanstrengthenlong-termmemory.AccordingtotheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationnearly90percentofpeopleworldwideconsumeabout200milligramsofcaffeineeachday.That'sequivalenttoaboutonestrongcupofcoffeeaday.WritinginNatureNeuroscienceJohnsHopkinsUniversityresearcherssaytheirfindingsshowthatcaffeinestrengthenscertainmemoriesforupto24hoursafterbeingtakenin.We'vealwaysknownthatcaffeinehascognitive-enhancingeffects促智效果butitsparticulareffectsonstrengtheningmemoriesandmakingthemresistanttoforgettinghasneverbeenexaminedindetailinhumanssaidseniorauthorofthepaperMichaelYassA.Were-portforthefirsttimeaspecificeffectofcaffeineonreducingforgettingover24hours.Conductingadouble-blindtrialtheresearchersworkedwithatestgroupofpeoplewhodidn'tregularlyconsumecaffeinatedproducts.Fiveminutesafterstudyingaseriesofimagesthetestsubjectsweregiveneitheraplacebo无效对照剂ora200-milligramcaffeinetablet.Tocheckthecaffeinelevelsoftheirtestsubjectstheresearchteamtooksalivasamples唾液样品fromthembeforetheytooktheirtabletsandagainonethreeand24hoursafterwards.Bothgroupsoftestparticipantsthosewhotooktheplaceboandthosewhotookthecaffeinetabletweretestedthefollowingdaytoseeiftheycouldrecognizetheimagesthey'dseenthepreviousday.Thetestincludedshowingthetestsubjectsanotherseriesofimagesthatincludedsomenewimagesthosethatwereshownthepreviousdayaswellasotherimagesthatweresimilarbutnotthesameasthosetheyhadviewedearlier.TheresearchersfoundthatmoremembersofthegroupwhoweregiventhecaffeinetabletswereabletocorrectlyidentifysomeofthenewimagesassimilartopreviouslyviewedimagesratherthanincorrectlyidentifyingthemasthesamE.Wealsoknowthatcaffeineisassociatedwithhealthandlongevity长寿andmayhavesomeprotectiveeffectsfromcognitivedeclinelikeAlzheimer'sdisease阿尔茨海默症.saidYassA.29.Thepurposeofthenewresearchis____________.A.toexaminecaffeine'smemory-strengtheningeffectsindetailB.towritethepaperNatureNeuroscienceC.toprovecaffeinehascognitive-enhancingeffectsD.tosurveyhowmuchcaffeinepeopleconsumeaday30.DuringtheresearchtheresearchersdidthefollowingthingsEXCEPT________.A.givingthetestsubjectsplacebosorcaffeinetabletsB.checkingthecaffeinelevelsofthetestsubjectsC.showingthetestsubjectsseriesofimagesD.encouragingthetestsubjectstodrinkmorecoffee31.Howdidthetestsubjectsshowthecaffeine'smemory-strengtheningeffects?A.Bytakingthecaffeinetabletsinsteadofplacebos.B.Byrecognizingimagesthey'dseenthepreviousday.C.ByidentifyingthenewimagesasthesamE.D.Bytellingthedifferencesbetweennewimages.32.Whatwillthenextpartofthetextpossiblytalkabout?A.Waystoachievehealthandlongevity.B.TheharmfuleffectsofcognitivedeclinE.C.ThetreatmentforAlzheimer'sdiseasE.D.Theeffectscaffeinehasonhealth.

Ifadiversurfaces浮出水面tooquicklyhemaysufferthebends减压病.Nitrogen氮dissolved溶解inhisbloodissuddenlyliberated释放bythereductionofpressurE.Theconsequenceifthebubbles气泡accumulateinajointissharppainandabentbody—thusthenamE.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbraintheconsequencecanbedeath.Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression减压sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:whalesforexamplE.Andsolongagodidichthyosaurs鱼龙.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.ThiskillsthecellsintheboneandconsequentlyweakensitsometimestothepointofcollapsE.Fossil化石bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisendheandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseumslookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassic三叠纪periodandfromthelaterJurassic侏罗纪andCretaceous白垩纪periods.Whenhestartedheassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossilsreflectingtheirgradualevolution进化ofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.InsteadhewasastonishedtodiscovertheoppositE.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydiedbutnotasingleTriassicspecimen标本showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeanstheyclearlydidsoquickly—andmoststrangelytheylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappeneD.HesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechangE.Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator捕食动物suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodilesbothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceansbycontrastweremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-freE.IntheTriassicthenichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceoustheywereprey猎物aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.58.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?A.A.twistedbody.B.A.gradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.C.A.suddenreleaseofnitrogeninblooD.D.A.dropinbloodpressurE.59.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee______.A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompressionC.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones60.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4______.A.confirmedhisassumptionB.speededuphisresearchprocessC.disagreedwithhisassumptionD.changedhisresearchobjectives61.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs______.A.failedtoevolveananti-decompressionmeansB.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD.evolvedananti-decompressionmeansbutsoonlostit

IfaskedifspaceexplorationshouldcontinuemostAmericanswouldgiveanimmediateresponseeitherinfavorofcontinuingorinfavorofendingspaceexploration.A.commonresponsewouldbethatspaceexplorationisawasteofmoney.AnaverageAmericanuneducatedonthesubjectmightbelievethatthegovernmentiswastingbillionsofdollarsontheresearchthathasnomerit.Someonestrangetothesubjectmightsaythataspaceshuttlegoesuponceinawhileandthatisaboutallthathappens.ResearchisongoingandcontinueswhentherearenoshuttlesbeinglauncheD.Thisalsocoststhegovernmentmoney.Doestheextremecostofspaceexplorationmakesense?OneargumentisthatthegovernmentiswastingmoneyontheresearchnotbeingusedonEarth.ActuallythemoneygoestoworkersandscientiststhatsupportNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationNASAmissions任务andgoestomajorcompaniesthatplayimportantrolesinmajorsectorsoftheUSeconomy.BoeingisapartnerofNASAforaircraftthesamecompanythatmakescommercialaircraftfortheairlineindustry.Anotherbenefittocontinuingspaceexplorationisthemanyspinoff衍生的technologiesitprovides.TheartificialheartresultedfromexperimentsonthespaceshuttlE.ThehandheldJawsofLifeusedtosavevictimsfromcaraccidentsoriginatedfromthesystemusedtoseparatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets.InsulationinhomesthatkeepsthemwarmandenergyefficientisbasedonthetechnologyusedtoinsulatethespaceshuttlE.TherearedirectbenefitstotheeconomyprovidedbyNASAmissionsaswellasspinofftechnologies.TheseadvancesarefoundinfoodbuildingmaterialsmedicalproceduresandthevehicleswedrivE.Whileitcanbeproventhatbillionsofdollarsthatcouldbeusedelsewhereisbeingspentonspaceexplorationthebenefitsitprovidesoutweightheterribleaspects.Asamatteroffactthemoneyspenthelpstoimprovethequalityofourlives.63.HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?A.Byofferinganalyses.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivingsomeexamples.D.Bypresentingresearchfindings.64.ThefunctionofJawsofLifeisto_____.A.savepeoplefromtrafficaccidentsB.doexperimentsonthespaceshuttleC.keephouseswarmandenergyefficientD.separatethespaceshuttlefromitsboosterrockets65.Intheauthor’sopinionspaceexploration_____.A.haschangedourlifecompletelyB.coststoomuchofourtimeC.benefitsusinmanywaysD.hasnothingtodowithus66.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BenefitsofspaceexplorationB.Isspaceexplorationworththecost?C.HowtomakespaceexplorationaffordableD.MissionsoftheNASAspaceshuttleprogram

Electriccarsaredirty.Infactnotonlyaretheydirtytheymightevenbemoredirtythantheirgasoline-poweredcousins.PeopleinCalifornialovetotalkaboutzero-emissions排放vehiclesbutpeopleinCaliforniaseemtobecluelessaboutwhereelectricitycomesfrom.Powerplantsmostlyusefiretomakeit.Asidefromthefewfolkswhohavetheirroofscoveredwithsolarcellswegetourelectricityfromgenerators发电机.Generatorsarefueledbysomething—usuallycoaloilbutalsobyheatgeneratedinnuclearpowerplants.Thereareafewwindfarmsandgeothermal地热的plantsaswellbutbyfarwegetelectricitymainlybyburningsomething.Inotherwordsthosezero-emissionscarsarelikelycoal-burningcars.It'sjustbecausethecoalisburnedsomewhereelsesoitlooksclean.Itisnot.It’sasiftheCaliforniagreensarecoveringtheireyes—IfIcan’tseeitit’snothappening.Gasolineisanunbelievablyefficientwaytopoweravehicle;agallonofgashasalotofenergyinit.Butwhenyoutakethatgasoranotherfuelandfirstuseittomakeelectricityyouwasteanicepartofthatenergymostlyintheformofwastedheat—atthegeneratorthroughthetransmissionlinesetc.Agallonofgasmaypropelyourcar25miles.Buttheelectricityyougetfromthatgallonofgaswon'tgetyounearlyasfar—soelectriccarsburnmorefuelthangas-poweredones.Ifourelectricitycamemostlyfromnukesorgeothermalorhydroorsolarorwindthenanelectriccartrulywouldbeclean.Butforpoliticaltechnicalandeconomicreasonswedon’tusemuchofthoseenergysources.Inadditionelectriccars’batterieswhicharepoisonousforalongtimewilleventuallyendupinalandfill垃圾andfinallywhencarsarethepollutersthepollutionisspreadacrossalltheroads.Whenit’sapowerplantthoughallthejunkisinoneplace.Natureisverygoodatcleaningupwhenthingsarenottooconcentratedbutittakesalotlongerwhenallthegarbageisinonespot.25.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ElectriccarsarenotcleanatallB.Electriccarsarebetterthangasoline-poweredonesC.Peoplehavedoubtsaboutelectriccars’batteriesD.Gasolineisaneffectivewaytopoweravehicle26.Theunderlinedwordsbecluelessmean___________A.knownothingB.haveconfidenceC.feelexcitedD.bepleased27.Theelectricitywegetfromagallonofgasmaymakeourcarrun________A.notlessthan25milesB.asfaras50milesC.asfaras25milesD.notmorethan25miles28.Accordingtothepassageelectriccars__________A.aremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyB.burnmorefuelthangas-poweredonesC.areverygoodatcleaningupD.arepoisonousforalongtime

Owls猫头鹰aremysteriouscreatures.Weoftenthinkofthemasscary.Theysometimesliveinabandonedhouses.Theyflywithoutasoundthroughbackyardsatnight.Instoriestheyappearwithghosts.Whenwehearanowl'sfamiliarwh­ooo...whooo...itcanmakeusfeelveryfrighteneD.Owlsflysilentlywithoutevenawhisperofwingsmovingthroughtheair.It'sasthoughtheyappearoutofnowhere—likeghostsonwings.Owlsflyandhuntonthedarkestofnights.Anowl'snighthabitsmakeituniquE.Dothesecreaturesofthenightpossessstrangepowers?Owlspossessunusualpowersofsightandhearingbuttheyarenotsupernaturalpowers.Theyarenaturaladaptationsthatletthemlivemostefficiently高效地atnight.Thereisnoreasontofearowls.Theirhabitsmakethemhelpfultohumans.Byhuntingmiceandotherrodents啮齿目动物owlshelptokeepanaturalbalancebetweenplantandanimallifE.Withoutowlstherewouldbealargenumberofrodentsinfarmers'fieldsandstoragebarns.Morethan100speciesofowlsoccupyavarietyofhabitatsaroundtheworlD.A.fewoceanicislandsandtheAntarctichavenoowls.Theworld'sowlscomeinlargemediumsmallsmallerandsmallest.ForexampletheEurasianeagleowl—oneofthelargest—hasabodythatistwotothreefeetlongwithawingspan翼展ofuptofiveandone­halffeet.TheNorthAmericanelfowltheworld'ssmallestowlisfivetosixincheslongandhasawingspanthatmeasuresslightlymorethanonefoot.Mostmaleandfemaleowlsofthesamespecieslookalikealthoughfemalesareusuallylarger.Insomespeciesthefemale'scolorsarelikethoseofthetreesorgrasswhereshemakeshernest.BabyowlscalledchicksstaywiththeirparentsuntiltheyareaboutthreemonthsolD.Theysoonfindtheirownhuntingareaswheretheymaystayfortherestoftheirlives.Someowlscanlive20yearsormorE.32.Mostpeopleregardowlsas________.A.cleverB.hard­workingC.terrifyingD.shy33.Owlshelphumansinthatthey________.A.helppreservethebalanceofnatureB.frightenrodentsawayfromhumansC.haveunusualpowersD.helpguardbackyards34.Whatisspecialaboutowls?A.Theyflysilently.B.Theyarenighthunters.C.Theypossesssupernaturalpowers.D.TheycanbefoundaroundtheworlD.35.Thethirdparagraphismainlyaboutowls'________.A.habitatsB.sizesC.speciesD.wingspans

iPhoneownersarevainerandspendmoreonclothesandgrooming仪容thanthosewhohaveBlackBerrysandAndroidphonesnewresearchclaims.BlackBerryownersearnthemostandaremorelikelytohavelong-termrelationshipswhilepeoplewithAndroidhandsetsaremostcreativeandthebestcooks.ThestudycarriedoutbyTalkTalkMobilesurveyed2000ownersofthethreemajorsmartphonebrandstodeterminewhetherthechoiceofhandsetwasanextensionoftheirpersonality.Thestudyratedusersinvariouswalksoflifeusingapointscoringsystemincludingpersonalitiesdailyhabitsandthetypeofindustriestheyworkin.OtherresultsfromthestudyfoundthatpeoplewithaniPhonearemoreimageconsciousandgenerallyratethemselvesmoreattractivethanthosewithotherhandsets.Theyaremostlikelytodescribethemselvesasadventurousbrightandaremostlikelytoworkinmediapublishingandeducation.Theyalsobelievetheirbossratesthemhighly.Appleownersalsotendtohavedonemoretravellingandarethemostactiveonsocialmediasites.BlackBerryownerswerefoundtobetheleastpunctualbutdespiteputtingintheleasthoursatworktheyarethemostactivephoneuser—sendingmoretextsandmakingmorecallsintheaveragedaythananyotherphoneuser.Theyaremoresocialandhavemorefriendsoverall.Theyalsoearnnearlytwoandahalfthousandpoundsayearmorethanothersmartphoneownerswithanaveragesalaryof$27406.BlackBerryusersclassedthemselvessoloudandmainlyworkinthehealthfinanceorpropertysectors.Theywerealsofoundtodrinkmoreteaandcoffeeeachdaythananyotherphoneuser.AndroidownerswerefoundtowatchmoreTVthanothersanddrinkthemostalcohol—consumingmoreinanaverageweekthaniPhoneandBlackBerrydrinkers.Theyhavethemostjobsinengineeringthegovernmentandpublicservicesandenvironmentalservices.Theyhavethebestmannersandaremoreshyandrelaxedthantheircounterparts.DanMeaderDirectorofMobileatTalkTalksaidManyofushaveourmobilephonesonusalmostconstantlysotheydobecomeanextensionofusinmanyways.It’sinterestingtoseethenhowthechoiceinhandsetmayreflectdifferentaspectsofpersonalityandtheresultsdoshowsomeunusualdifferences.32.TheunderlinedwordsimageconsciousParagraph4meancaringabout________.A.incomeB.appearanceC.socialmediaD.interpersonalrelationships33.WhatwereAndroidusersfoundtobelike?A.LouD.B.BravE.C.PolitE.D.Confident.34.DanMeadermayagreethatthekindofmobilephoneweuse________.A.willdecidethewayweliveourlifeB.canbeawindowintothelivesweleadC.canchangeourpersonalitiesgraduallyD.hasbecomethemostimportantpartofourlife35.Howisthetextorganized?A.Bydrawingcomparisons.B.Bygivingreasonsonly.C.Byprovidingexamples.D.Bygivingsolutions.

.Ofcourseyoudon’twanttobesickinyourvacation.Sowhatcanyoudowhiletraveling?Therearethreethingsyoushouldremember:relaxsleepandeatwell.Avacationisatimeforrelaxingbutveryoftenitisnot.Thinkaboutwhatyoudowhenyouareatourist.Therearesomanyplacestovisit:shopparkschurchesandtemples寺庙.Youmayspendmostofthedayswalkingaroundtheseplaces.Thiscanbeverytiring.Donotaskyourbodytodotoomuch.A.tiredbodymeansaweakbody.A.weakbodygetsdickeasily.SositdownforafewhoursinaniceplacE.Ingoodweatherlookforaquietparkbench.Sleepisalsoimportant.Ifyouwanttostayhealthyyouneedtogetenoughsleep.YourhotelroommaybenoisyorthebedmaybetooharD.Oryoumaywanttostayoutlateatnight.Thenyoushouldplantosleepforanhourduringtheday.TheextrahourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Finallyifyouwanttostayhealthyyoumusteatwell.ThatmeanseatingtherightkindsoffooD.YourbodyneedsfreshfruitvegetablesmeanmilkandcheesE.Sorememberthis:ifyouwanttoenjoyyourvacationtakegoodcareofyourself.Giveyourbodysomerest.GetenoughsleepandeathealthyfooD.23.Travelingisusually____.A.easyB.noisyC.tiringD.dangerous24.Youmust___toenjoyyourtraveling.A.visitparksB.stayhealthyC.gotochurchesandtemplesD.sitdownforafewhours25.Thetexttellsus____intraveling.A.howtorestB.whatplacestovisitC.howtorelaxandsleepD.howtotakegoodcareofourselves

Allanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:theyarelistedonsomeoneelse'smenuandalwaysruntheriskofendingupassomeoneelse'slunchdinnerorsnack.Toprotectthemselvesfrombeingeatenandtosurviveinthewildmanyanimalshavedevelopedcleverwaystoescapefromoravoiddanger.LikehumanbeingsanimalsoftentrytohideorrunawaywhentheyarebeingattackeD.Manyanimalshaveadaptedtotheirenvironmentinsuchawaythattheycanhidebetter.HavingtherightcolourcanmakeabigdifferencE.Manyanimalshavethesameorsimilarcolourastheirenvironmentmakingitmoredifficultforotheranimalstofindthem.Somecanchangecolourveryquicklyeveninafewseconds.OtheranimalsandinsectshaveabodyshapethathelpsthemhidE.Someinsectslookjustlikeasmallstickandcaneasilyhideinatreeorbush.Ifitistoolatetohideorrunawayananimalmustuseothermethodstosurviveanattack.OnetypeofsnakethatlivesinTexashasdevelopedaninterestingwaytodefenditself.IfitisattackeditfirstmakesitselflookbiggerandpretendstobeadangeroussnakE.Ifthatdoesn'tworkthesnakeusesanothertrick:itrollsoveropensitsmouthandactsasifitweredeaD.ThesnakeissuchagoodactorthatitseemsquitedeaD.Ifsomeonepicksitupithangslikearopeanddoesn'tmovE.HoweverifyourollitbackonitsstomachitwillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.Anotherwaytosurviveanattackistohaveusefulbodyparts.Theturtlehasathickshellthatprotectsitfromitsenemiesandotheranimalshaveteethclawsandhornsthattheycanusetodefendthemselves.Therearealsoanimalsthatcanusetheirtailstofightoffattackers.A.longtailcanbeusedtohitanattackerandthereisevenananimalwhosetailwillbreakoffsothatitcanrunawayifsomeonegrabs抓住it.Thebestwaytostaysafeistodevelopawaytoreceiveanearlywarningwhendangercomes.Manyanimalsstaytogetherinlargegroupsandusesoundsandbodylanguagetowarneachotheriftheyseeorhearsomethingsuspicious.SomeanimalsevenworktogetherwithotherspeciestostaysafE.Thebirdsyouoftenseeonthebackofawaterbuffalohaveanimportantjob:theyhelpwarnthebuffaloofdanger.58.Whatdoallanimalshaveincommontoprotectthemselves?A.PretendingtobedeaD.B.Hidingorrunningaway.C.Usingtheirbodiestofightback.D.ChangingtheirsizE.59.HowdoyouunderstandthesentenceAllanimalsarepartofthefoodchain:?A.AllanimalsmusthelpeachothertosurvivE.B.Everykindofanimalhasaneating-and-being-eatenrelationwithotheranimals.C.Allanimalsareabigfamily.D.AllanimalsdependonfoodtolivE.60.ThekindofsnakementionedinthepassagewillrolloveronitsbackagaininordertolookdeaD.showsits_____.A.clevernessB.stupidityC.quicknessD.laziness

EarthquakeshappenallthetimE.TheyarecommoninnaturemakingsoundsbelowEarth’ssurfacethousandsoftimeseveryday.Butmajorearthquakesarelesscommon.Herearesomethingstodotoprepareforanearthquakeandwhattodooncethegroundstartsshaking.SafetyTipslHaveanearthquakereadinessplan.lConsult咨询aprofessionaltolearnhowtomakeyourhomesturdiersuchasfixingbookcasestothewallusingstronglocksoncupboardsandfixingthewaterheatertothewallfirmly.lLocateaplaceineachroomofthehousethatyoucangotoincaseofanearthquakE.Itshouldbeaspotwherenothingislikelytofallonyou.lKeepasupplyofcannedfoodanup-to-datefirstaidbox3gallons11.4litersofwaterperpersondustmasksandgoggles护目镜andaworkingbattery-operatedradioandflashlights.lKnowhowtoturnoffyourgasandwatermains.IfShakingBeginslDropdown;takecoverunderadeskortableandholdon.lStayindoorsuntiltheshakingstopsandyou’resureit’ssafetoexit.lStayawayfrombookcasesorfurniturethatcanfallonyou.lStayawayfromwindows.Inahigh-risebuildingexpectthefirealarmsandsprinklers洒水车togooffduringaquakE.lIfyouareinbedholdonandstaythereprotectingyourheadwithapillow.lIfyouareoutdoorsfindaclearspotawayfrombuildingstreesandpowerlines.DroptothegrounD.lIfyouareinacarslowdownanddrivetoaclearplacE.Stayinthecaruntiltheshakingstops.48.Ifthegroundisshakingoneisadvisedtostay______.A.inthestudyfullofbookshelvesB.inthekitchenwithabottleofgasC.inthebedroomwithtwobedsD.inthediningroomwithcupboards49.Whatshouldpeopledowhileathomeifshakingbegins?A.Trygettingoutassoonastheycan.B.Standupandcallforhelpimmediately.C.HidethemselvesbehindthefurniturE.D.Waitforthepossiblechancepatiently.50.Thepassageislikelytoappearina______.A.biographyB.historypaperC.fashionmagazineD.safetyhandbook

Giantpandaseatvegetableseventhoughtheirbodiesarebettertoeatmeat.Sohowdotheseblack-and-whitebearsfromtheremotemountainsofcentralChinasurviveonadietofseeminglylow-nutrient低营养foodlikebamboo?Scientistsprovidedananswerrecently.Theyfoundthatthegiantpandastrictlycontrolstheamountofenergyitneedsonadailybasisthankstolowlevelsofphysicalactivity.Theendangeredpandaistheonlyoneoftheworld’seightbearspecieswithavegetarian素食的diet.Pandaswhoseancestorswerecarnivores食肉动物developedadigestive消化的systemthatcanhandleameatdieteventhoughbamboonowmakesupabout99﹪oftheirfooD.BambooishardtodigestandpandasmusteatlotsofittosurvivE.TheresearchersstudiedthreewildpandasatFopingNatureReserveinShaanxiProvinceandfivepandasatBejingZoo.Theyfoundthatthedailyenergythatthesebearsusedwasonlyabout38﹪oftheenergyusedbyothersimilar-sizedanimals.Giantpandasdevelopedlowmetabolism新陈代谢throughaseriesofchangessaidbiologistWeiFuwenoftheChineseAcademyofSciences’InstituteofZoologyinBejingwholedthestudypublishedinthejournalScience.Theresearcherssaidthesizeofthepanda’sbrainliverandkindeyisrelativelysmallcomparedtootherbears.ThesereducedorgansizesarelikelytoresultintheirlowenergydemandsWeisaiD.Theresearchersfoundthatthewildpandasrestedformorethanhalfofanygivendayandtraveledonlyabout20metersperhour.Withtheirlowmetabolismtheresearcherssaidthepandaneedsitscoatofthickfurtokeepwarm.Thereareonlyabout1800giantpandasleftinthewildaccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFundcitingChinesegovernmentdatas.32.Apanda’sbodyismoresuitableforeating_______.A.vegetableB.bambooC.grassD.meat33.Becausethey_______pandascansavelotsofenergy.A.digestquicklyB.arefatC.arelazyD.eathealthily34.AccordingtothestudyledbyWeiFuwenpandas_____intheirdailylifE.A.loveeatingbambooB.dolessexerciseC.arecarnivoresD.eatmeatsometimes35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.HowpandassurviveB.Whypandasdon’teatmeat.C.WhypandasareendangeredD.Whatpandaseat.

Ifyoucouldtravelintimewherewouldyougo?PerhapsyouwouldwatchanoriginalperformanceofaShakespeare’splayinElizabethanEngland?WhatabouthangingoutwithLaoziintheSpringandAutumnPeriod?Ormaybeyou’dvoyagefaraheadofthepresentdaytoseewhatthefutureholds.Thepossibilityoftimetravelisindeedappealing.Storiesexploringthesubjecthavebeenaroundforhundredsofyears.PerhapsthebestknownexampleissciencefictionnovelTheTimeMachinewhichwaswrittenbyH.G.Wellsandpublishedin1895forthefirsttimE.Itwasadaptedintoatleasttwofeaturefilmsofthesamenameaswellastwotelevisionversionsandalargenumberofcomicbookadaptations.Itisgenerallycreditedwiththepopularizationoftheconceptoftimetravelusingavehiclethatallowsanoperatortotravelpurposefullyandselectively.ThetermtimemachinecoinedbyWellsisnowuniversallyusedtorefertoavehicletransportingpeopleintothefarfuturE.Butcouldtimetravelactuallybepossible?Somescientistssayyesintheory.Theyproposeusingcracksintimeandspacecalledwormholeswhichcouldbeusedasshortcutstootherperiods.Einstein'stheoryofrelativityallowstimetravelinextremecircumstances.AndBritishphysicistStephenHawkingsaysyoucouldtravelintothefuturewithareallyfastspaceship—goingatnearlythespeedoflight.Thoughbuildingsuchaspaceshipwouldofcoursebenosimpletask.Evenifyoucouldtravelintothepastthereissomethingcalledthegrandfatherparadox.Itaskswhatwouldhappenifatimetravelerweretogobackintimeandhavehisowngrandfatherkilledforsomereasonandthereforepreventhimselffrombeingborn.Ifthetimetravelerwasn'tbornhowwouldhetravelbackintime?Andwouldyoureallyliketovisitthefuture?InH..G.Wells'bookthemaincharactertravelsintodistanttimewherehearrivesatabeachandisattackedbygiantcrabs.Hethenvoyages30millionyearsintothefuturewheretheonlylivingthingisablackobjectwithtentacles触角.Ifthat'swhat'sinstoremaybewearebetterjustlivinginthepresentdayafterall.32.ThenovelTheTimeMachinementionedinParagraph2aimstoshow___________.A.People'sinterestintimetravelB.thespecialfeatureofthebookC.thelonghistoryoftimetravelD.thecontributionofH..G.Wells33.Einstein'sandHawking'stheories_________.A.havesimilaritiesinmanywaysB.pushtheinventionofthefirstspaceshipC.haveprovedwrongbysometimetravelersD.suggestthepossibilitytoinventthetimemachine34.InParagraph4grandfatherparadoxprobablyreferstotheideathat__________.A.thetravelerispreventedfrommeetinghisgrandfatherB.thetravelergoesbackintimetoseekforhisgrandfatherC.thegrandfather'sdeathmakesthetraveler'sbirthimpossibleD.Thereunionofthetravelerandhisgrandfatherbringshappiness35.Accordingtothepassagewhatisprobablytheauthor'sattitudetowardstimetravel?A.UnclearB.SkepticalC.SupportiveD.Unconcerned.

Thereisanincreaseinthedemandforreforestation重建森林aroundtheworlD.ThisisbecausetheconsumptionoftheforestshasaffectednotonlytheanimalslivingintheareabutalsothepeoplE.AndreforestationisabouttherebuildingoftheforeststhathavebeenseverelydestroyeD.Itcanofferalotofbenefitswhentherecreationissuccessful.36Thisincludescollectingseedlings幼苗thatarenativeintheareatomakesurethatthereisanaturalreconstructionoftheareA.SomeadditionaltreeswhicharenotnativeintheareaalsoneedtobeplanteD.37Theimportanceofhavingmultiplespeciesoftreesisconsideredtomakesurethattheneedsofotherspeciesthatwillliveandgrowintheareaaremet.DestroyingaforestiseasybutrebuildingitisreallyharD.38Theplanmustincludeaccuratespacingonplantsandtrees.Thisistoensurethattheywon’tcovereachotherwhiletheygrow.39Theforestgreatlyhelpsinthereductionoftheairpollution.TreesareresponsiblefortheproductionofoxygenandabsorptionofcarbondioxidE.40.Theforestisthereforareasonjustlikeeveryoneelseonthisplanet.Therecan’tbeabetterwaytorestorethebalanceofnaturethantoincreasetheforestareA.Wemustrememberthattheforestisanaturalhabitatofawidevarietyofanimalsandplants.Inthismannerthereisnosubstituteforreforestation.1A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.2A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.3A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.4A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.5A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.C.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywherE.D.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.E.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidereD.F.SoagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulonE.G.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.

OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptembertheworldgotitsfirstlookattheStrati.ThiselectricvehicleisunlikeanyothercurrentlyontheroaD.Itrollsonfourwheelsbutitsbodyandchassis底盘weren’tbuiltinafactory.InsteadStrati’sdesignersusedatechnologycalled3-Dprinting.Itcreatedthosepartsofthecarinonepiecefromthegroundup.ComparedtoatypicalvehicleontheroadtheStratidefinitelylooksdifferentsaysGregSchroederaseniorresearchengineerattheCenterforAutomotiveResearchinAnnArborMich.Hedidnotworkonthenewcar.Hisorganizationstudiestrendsandchangesintheautoindustry.Ittook44hourstoprintthenewcarattheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.Overthenextfewdaysthecar’sdesignersinstalledadditionalparts.Theseincludedthecar’senginebrakesandtires.ThenearlyonSeptember13JayRogersclimbedintothecarstarteditsengineanddrovethevehicleontothestreet.RogershelpedfoundLocalMotors.It’stheArizona-basedcompanybehindtheStrati.TwoweekslaterhisteamprintedasecondStratiandjustasfastatafairinNewYorkCity.JustinFishkinalocalMotorsofficialseestheStratiasawindowintothefuturE.TodaycarbuyersarelimitedintheirchoiceofavehiclE.TheycanorderonlywhatcarcompanieshavealreadydesigneD.Butinthefuturehesaysyoumaybeabletodesignyourowncaronlineandthengetitprintedtoorder.Manufacturingexpertssay3-Dprintinghasbeguntorevolutionizehowtheymakethings.Thetechnologyhasbeenaroundfordecades.Butthesemachinesusedtobesoexpensivethatonlylargecompaniescouldaffordthem.InthelastfewyearsthoughthathaschangeD.Manyofthemachinesarenowinexpensiveenoughforsmallcompanies—orevenindividuals—toown.SomelocallibrariesmakethemavailabletothepubliC.HighSchoolsarebeginningtousetheminclassrooms.Wideaccesstotheseprintersmeanspeoplecannowdesignandprintawidevarietyofnovelthings.Thecar’sprinterisaone-of-a-kinddevicE.Thetechnologybehindthe3-DprinterusedinChicagoisanexampleofadditivemanufacturing.Thisprocessbuildssolidobjectsslicebyslicefromthebottomup.StratimeanslayersinItalian.A.mechanicalarmmovesanozzlefromonesidetoanotherbackandforth.Asitmovesthenozzledepositsaliquid—oftenmeltedplasticormetalbutitcouldbefoodconcreteorevencells—thatquicklyhardensorbondstobecomesolidorsemi-soliD.Thiscreatesasinglethinlayer.OncealayeriscompletetheprinterstartsdepositingthenextonE.There’salotofinterestin3-DprintingintheautoindustrysaysSchroeder.Rightnowthetechnologyisparticularlyusefulforbuildingmodelsofcarsorcarparts.Tocompetewithcurrentautomanufacturersthe3-DprinterwouldhavetoincreaseinahurrySchroedersays.BycontrasthenotesaFordF-150pickuptruckrollsoffanassemblylineatarateofroughlyoneperminutE.ToprintasmanyStratiswouldrequiremanymoreprinters.Schroedersayshedoesn’tsee3-Dprintingsoontakingoverforsuchhigh-volumemanufacturing.Butheadds:Whoknowswhatwillhappeninthelongterm?ScientistsatOakRidgeNationalLaboratoryinTennesseedesignedthe3-DprinterusedinChicago.LonnieLovearesearchscientistatthelabledtheeffort.AdditivemanufacturingoftenisslowandexpensivE.ItalsomayproducematerialsthatareunreliableLovesays.Sofortwoyearshisteamsearchedforwaystomake3-Dprintingbetter.Theybuiltnewmachinesandtestedthemoverandover.Allofthatworkpaidoff:theirnewmachineisfastanduseslessexpensivematerialthanearlierprinters.Inadditionitprintsaplasticembeddedwithfibersofcarbontoproduceastrongermaterial.Thishelpsensurethematerialwon’tcrackorbreakunderpressurE.55.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirstStratiisTRUE?A.ItwasborninacarfactoryinChicago.B.Itisapitythatithasnotrunonthestreetsofar.C.ManyseniorresearchengineersworkedonitincludingGregSchroeder.D.Allpartsofitwerenotmadebyusingatechnologycalled3-Dtechnology.56.Accordingtothepassagewhendid3-Dfirstappearintheworld?A.A.fewdecadesagoB.EarlyonSeptember13C.OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptember.D.AttheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.57.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A.Largecompaniesarealwaysrichenoughtobuyexpensivethings.B.NowHighSchoolsarebeginningtouse3-Dprintersinclassrooms.C.Highpricesofnewproductscanstopthemfrombeingusedwidelyinthebeginning.D.Wideaccessto3-DprintershasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoordernovelthingsonlinE.58.WhatdoesthewordnozzleinParagraph7possiblyreferto?A.A.partofthe3-Dprinter.B.A.singlethinlayer.C.A.solidorsemi-solidobject.D.A.personwhooperatesthemachinE.59.WhydidLonnieLovemakeeffortstoimprove3-Dprintingwithhisteam?A.Becausehejustwasinterestedinmakingnewthings.B.BecausehejustwantedtobuildnewmachinesandtestthemC.BecauseadditivemanufacturingisalwaysslowbutinexpensivE.D.Becauseadditivemanufacturingmightproduceunreliablematerials.60.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleforthispassage?A.3-DPrintersAreComingB.3-DPrintersAreMakingCarsC.3-DPrintersAreBecomingCheaperD.3-DPrintersAreBecomingWell-Known

Thebiggestdangerfacingairlinesnowadaysmaynotbeaterroristwithagunbutthemanwithportablecomputerinbusinessclass.Inthelast16yearspilotshavereportedwellover100incidentsthatcouldhavebeencausedbyelectromagneticinterference电磁干扰.Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsnotprovedbutincreasinglyexpertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputersradioandcassetteplayersandmobiletelephones.RTC.Aanorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation航空industryhassuggestedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduringcriticalstagesofflightparticularlytake-offandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurthercallingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currentlyrulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinespreventpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlandingmostareunwillingtocarryoutatotalbangiventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflight.Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromagneticfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicessendoutradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.Butbecausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory.theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbE.dangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybefragiletointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Asworryingthoughisthepassengerwhocan'theartheinstructionstoturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stoolouD.12.Whatissaidabouttheover100aircraftincidentsinthepast16years?A.Theymayhavebeencausedbythedamageto-theradiosystems.B.Theywereprovedtohavebeencausedbythepassengersportablecomputers.C.TheyweresuspectedtohaveresultedfromelectromagneticinterferencE.D.Theymayhavetakenplaceduringtake-offandlanding.13.Whyisitdifficulttopredictthepossibleeffectsofelectromagneticfieldsonanairplane'scomputers?A.BecauseitisextremelydangeroustoconductsuchresearchonanairplanE.B.Becauseresearchscientistshavenotbeenabletoproducethesameeffectsinlabs.C.Becauseitremainsamysterywhatwavelengthsareliabletobeinterferedwith.D.Becauseexpertslackadequateequipmenttodosuchresearch.14.Fewairlineswanttoperformatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevicesbecause_______A.theydon'tbelievethereissuchadangerasradiointerferenceB.theharmfuleffectofelectromagneticinterferenceisyettobeprovedC.mostpassengersrefusedtotakeaplanewhichbanstheuseofradioandcassetteplayersD.theyhaveothereffectivesafetymeasurestofallbackon15.Thepassageismainlyabout_________.A.apossiblecauseofaircraftincidentsB.anewruleforallairlinesC.effectivesafetymeasuresforairflightD.thedisadvantagesofelectronicdevices

Boilerroomsareoftendirtyandsteamybutthisoneiscleanandcool.FoxPointisaverynew47-unitlivingbuildinginSouthBronxoneofthecity’spoorestareas.Two-thirdsofthepeoplelivingthereareformerly以前homelesspeoplewhoserentispaidbythegovernment.Therestarelow-incomefamilies.Theboilerroomhasspecialequipmentwhichproducesenergyforelectricityandheat.Itreusesheatthatwouldotherwisebelosttotheairreducingcarbonemissions碳排放whilealsocuttingcosts.FoxPointisoperatedbyPalladiaagroupthatspecializesinprovidinghousingandservicestoneedypeoplE.PalladiareceivedsupportfromEnterpriseCommunityPartnersECPwhichhelpsbuildaffordablehousingbyprovidingsupporttohousingdevelopers.w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_omECPhascreatednationalstandardsforhealthyenvironmentally环境方面cleverandaffordablehomeswhicharecalledtheGreenCommunitiesStandards.Thesestandardsincludewaterkeepingenergysavingandtheuseofenvironmentallyfriendlybuildingmaterials.Meetingthestandardsincreaseshousingconstructioncostsby2%whichisrapidlypaidbackbylowerrunningcosts.Eventhepositioningofawindowtogetmostdaylightcanhelpsaveenergy.Michael.BloombergNewYork'smayorplanstocreate165000affordablehousingunitsfor500000NewYorkers.Almost80%ofNewYorkCity’sgreenhouse-gasemissionscomefrombuildingsand40%ofthosearecausedbyhousing..Soherecentlyannouncedthatthecity’sDepartmentofHousingandPreservationandDevelopmentDHPDwhosedutyistodevelopandkeepthecity’ssupplyofaffordablehousingwillrequireallitsnewprojectstofollowECP’sgreenstandards.SimilarmeasureshavebeentakenbyothercitiessuchasClevelandandDenverbutNewYork’sDHPDisthelargestcitydeveloperofaffordablehousinginthecountry.25.Whatisthepurposeofdescribingtheboilerroominthefirstparagraph?A.ToexplainthemeasuresthecitytakestocareforpoorpeoplE.B.Tosuggestthataffordablehousingispossibleinallareas.C.Toshowhowtheenvironment-friendlybuildingworks.D.Tocompareoldandnewboilerrooms.26.WhatisanadvantageofthebuildingsmeetingtheGreenCommunitiesStandards?A.Lowerrunningcosts.B.Costinglessinconstruction.C.Lessairtobelostinhotdays.D.BetterpricesforhomelesspeoplE.27.ItcanbelearnedfromthetextthatA.NewYorkCityisseriouslypollutedB.people’sdailylifecausesmanycarbonemissionsinNewYorkCityC.agreatnumberofpeopleinNewYorkCitydon'thavehousestoliveinD.someothercitieshavedevelopedmoreaffordablehousingthanNewYorkCity28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthistext?A.Tocallonpeopletopaymoreattentiontohousingproblems.B.Toprovethatsomestandardsareneededforaffordablehousing.C.Toasksocietytohelphomelesspeopleandlow-incomefamilies.D.Tointroducehealthyenvironmentallyclever-andaffordablehousing.

Hoverboardsarequiteconvientforpeopletocarryorrideonthebusystreetespeciallyincollegecampsmoreandmorestudentschoosetorideahoverboardtoclass.Sohoverboards电动滑板wereamongthemostpopularChristmasgiftsof2015.Theymayhavealsobeenmostdangerousgiftsof2015.Atruehoverboardlookslikeaskateboardwithoutwheels.Tohovermeanstofloatintheairwithoutmovingmuchinanydirection.Thepopularityofhoverboardsbeganinthe1980swiththeBacktotheFuturemovies.Charactersinthesecondandthirdfilmsusedhoverboardsastransportation.Thisyear’spopularhoverboardshoweverdonotactuallyhover.Theyhavewheels.And?asitturnsouttheyarenoteasytousE.Adultsandchildrenaroundtheworldsufferedhoverboard-relatedinjuriesovertheweekenD.ManypostedpicturesofthedamageonsocialmediA.TwitteruserDavidDouglaspostedaphotoofbothhimandayounggirlwiththebrokenarmstheysufferedonChristmasDay.AndanotheruserErinRaffertyuploadedavideoofhermotherfallingoffahoverboardwiththecaptionWholetmomonthehoverboard?Fallingisnottheonlyriskwithsomehoverboards.Theyarealsoafirerisk.AtonestoreinTexasanemployeetriedtofixahoverboardacustomerbroughtin.ThehoverboardthencaughtfirE.Studiessuggestthatsomehoverboardbrandshavedefectivebatteriesorplugs.Manymajorairlinesworldwidehavebannedhoverboardsbecauseofthefirerisk.Butsomepassengersdidnothearthenews.AustralianactorRussellCrowesaidonMondayabouthisdisappointmentthatVirginAustraliaAirlinesdidnotpermithischildrentotaketheirhoverboardsontheplanE.Majorretailers零售商arealsotakingstepstoimprovethesafetyofthehoverboardstheysell.AmazonintheUnitedStatesnowonlysellshoverboardsfrombrandsthathavesubmittedsafetystandarddocuments.TheUK’sAmazonnolongersellshoverboards.Ithasalsoadvisedcustomerswhoboughtunsafebrandsofhoverboardstothrowthemaway.12.What’stheproblemwiththisyear’shoverboards?A.Theydon’thavewheels.B.TheyaredifficulttohandlE.C.Theycatchfireinthesun.D.Theycan’tmoveinanydirection.13.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat___________.A.hoverboardsarestillenjoyingequalpopularityasbeforE.B.hoverboardsarestillsoldonAmazonintheUnitedStates.C.passengersareforbiddentogetonplaneswithhoverboards.D.thenumberofhoverboard-relatedinjuriesisdeclining.14.Theunderlinedworddefectiveinthesixthparagraphprobablymeans_____.A.deadB.faultyC.dryD.spare15.Wecanprobablyreadthispassageina___________.A.sciencefictionB.magazineC.newspaperD.moviereview

Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflifemostlyforthebetter.Howeversocialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.AnexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollegE.Surveys调查onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobeveryorsomewhatoverly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriatE.Howevergreaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheiradultchildren.Inthecontext背景ofthisdiscussionitseemsvaluabletofirstfindoutthecauseofchangeinthecaseofparents’involvementwiththeirgrownchildren.Ifparentsofearliergenerationshadwantedtobeintouchwiththeircollege-agechildrenfrequentlywouldthishavebeenpossible?Probablynot.Ontheotherhanddoesthepossibilityoffrequentcommunicationtodaymeanthattheurgetodosowasn’tpresentagenerationago?Manystudiesshowthatolderparents-today’sgrandparents-wouldhavecalledtheirchildrenmoreoftenifthemeansandcostofdoingsohadnotbeenabarrier.Furthermorestudiesshowthatfinancesarethemostfrequentsubjectofcommunicationbetweenparentsandtheircollegechildren.Thefactthatcollegestudentsarefinanciallydependentontheirparentsisnothingnew;norarerequestsformoremoneytobesentfromhomE.Thisphenomenonisneithergoodnorbad;itisafactofcollegelifetodayandinthepast.Thankstotheadvancedtechnologyweliveinanageofbetteredcommunication.ThishasmanyimplicationswellbeyondtherolethatparentsseemtoplayinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhohaveleftforcollegE.Butitisusefultobearinmindthatallsuchchangescomefromthetechnologyandnotsomeimagineddesirebyparentstokeeptheirchildrenundertheirwings.30.Thesurveysinformusof______.A.thedevelopmentoftechnologyB.thechangesofadultchildren’sbehaviorC.theparents’over-protectionoftheircollegechildrenD.themeansandexpensesofstudents’communication31.Thewriterbelievesthat______.A.parentstodayaremoreprotectivethanthoseinthepastB.thedisadvantagesofnewtechnologyoutweighitsadvantagesC.technologyexplainsgreaterparentalinvolvementwiththeirchildrenD.parents’changedattitudesleadtocollegechildren’sdelayedindependence32.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TechnologyorAttitudeB.DependenceorIndependenceC.FamilyInfluenceorSocialChangesD.CollegeManagementorCommunicationAdvancement33.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub—point次要点C.Conclusion

Almostallofushavebeenthere:A.senseofuneasinessstrikesuswhenweseethebatteryrunninglowonthesmartphonE.Whiletoday’ssmartphonesenableustosurftheInternettakepicturesandplaymusictheirlimitedsometimesannoyinglyshortbatterylifehasstartedtomakepeoplefullofmemoriesofearlymodels.MyfavoritephoneofalltimewasasilverNokia6310ifromtheearly2000s.Itmaybeprimitivebytoday’sstandardsbutitcouldrunfor17daysonasinglechargewroteDailyMailcolumnistDavidDerbyshirE.Butscientistsspendnotimethinkingaboutthepast.Theyhavebuiltanaluminium铝batterywhichcouldbeacheapfast-chargingalternativetocurrentdesigns.Youcansqueezeandpracticallybenditinhalfwithoutbreakingthepacket.Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendlythanalkaline碱性的batteriesandmoresafethanlithium锂batteries–itwon’tcatchfireevenifyoudrillthroughitasHongjieDaiofStanfordUniversitytoldTheTelegraph.ThebatteryistheworkofateamledbyDai.AndthebestpartisthatithasarechargetimeofaroundoneminutE.Howeveratpresenttheonlyproblemisthatitproducesjusthalfthevoltage电压ofatypicallithiumbattery.ButDaiexplainedtheyweresettingaboutchangingthevoltageandenergydensity密度.Ourbatteryhaseverythingelseyou’ddreamthatabatteryshouldhavE.IseethisasanewbatteryinitsearlydayshetoldTheTelegraph.26.Howmanyadvantagesdoesthealuminiumbatteryhaveaccordingtothearticle?A.2B.3C.4D.527.Thepassagesuggeststhat_________________.A.thealuminiumbatterycatchesfireeasilyifdrilledB.thealuminiumbatterystillneedsimprovingbeforeitcanbewidelyusedC.thealuminiumbatteryislargerinsizethanalkalinebatteriesD.scientistsfinditarealchallengetochangethevoltageofthealuminiumbattery28.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?A.A.newbatteryinitsearlydays.B.A.newtrendinthesmartphonemarket.C.TheannoyanceshortbatterylifecausesD.Theinventionofanewsmartphonebattery.29.Thelastparagraphinthepassageisprobablyfollowedbytheparagraphabouthowto__________.A.makethealuminiumbatterycheaperandmoreenvironmentally-friendlyB.lengthenthealuminiumbatterylifeC.increasethevoltageandenergydensityofthealuminiumbatteryD.chargethealuminiumbatteryfaster

It’sthemomentUFOfanshavebeenwaitingfor—theCIAhashand-selectedsomeformerlytop-secretfilesandphotosto‘prove’aliensexist.Sadlyforalienfansthefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers飞碟butthey’reafascinatinginsightintotheheightofthe‘flyingsaucer’erA.TheCIAreleasedthefiles—seeminglytocoincidewith一致thenewX-Filesepisodes—causingdisbeliefonUFOwebsites.OnereportentitledFlyingSaucersanddated1August1952saysLessthan100reasonablycrediblereportsremain‘unexplainable’atthistimE.ItisrecommendedthatCIAsurveillance监视becontinueD.ItisstronglyurgedhoweverthatnoreportsofCIAinterestorconcernreachthepressorpubliC.TheCIAsaidWe’vedecidedtohighlightafewdocumentsbothskepticsandbelieverswillfindinteresting.BelowyouwillfindfivedocumentswethinkX-FilescharacterAgentFoxMulderwouldlovetousetotryandpersuadeothersoftheexistenceofalienactivity.SuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansaccordingtooneexpert.NigelWatsonauthoroftheUFOInvestigationsManualsaidlastyearAtleast10000UFOreportscollectedbytheUSProjectBlueBookhavebeenputonlineandmanyothergovernmentshavereleasedtheirUFOfiles.SowehaveanembarrassmentofrichesyetthesehavebeenlargelyignoredbyUFOresearchersyettheycouldprovidelotsofinformationabouttypesofsightingsandtheirpatternsovertimeandplacE.56.WhydidtheauthorsaysuchdocumentsoftenprovedisappointingtohardcoreUFOFansA.Thealiensinthedocumentsareactuallynotmysterious.B.Thecontentinthefileshasalreadybeenrevealedearlier.C.Thefilesareabitlackinginalienbodiesandcrashedflyingsaucers.D.ThedocumentsareprovedtobefakedandhavenothingtodowithUFO.57.What’sNOTtrueaboutthefiles?A.It’scertainthatCIAwillcontinueitssurveillancE.B.Nopowerfulproofprovestheexistenceofaliens.C.PeoplehavedoubtaboutthefilesonUFOwebsites.D.It’sdifficulttofigureoutwhatthealiensaucersandbodypartsexactlyarE.58.ThepassageismostlyapartofA.newsB.storyC.fashionmagazineD.fiction

AsInternetusersbecomemoredependentontheInternettostoreinformationarepeoplerememberless?Ifyouknowyourcomputerwillsaveinformationwhystoreitinyourownpersonalmemoryyourbrain?ExpertsarewonderingiftheInternetischangingwhatwerememberandhow.InarecentstudyProfessorBetsySparrowconductedsomeexperiments.SheandherresearchteamwantedtoknowtheInternetischangingmemory.Inthefirstexperimenttheygavepeople40unimportantfactstotypeintoacomputer.Thefirstgroupofpeopleunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldsavetheinformation.Thesecondgroupunderstoodthatthecomputerwouldnotsaveit.Laterthesecondgrouprememberedtheinformationbetter.Peopleinthefirstgroupknewtheycouldfindtheinformationagainsotheydidnottrytorememberit.InanotherexperimenttheresearchersgavepeoplefactstorememberandtoldthemwheretofindtheinformationontheInternet.Theinformationwasinaspecificcomputerfolder文件夹.Surprisinglypeoplelaterrememberthefolderlocation位置betterthanthefacts.WhenpeopleusetheInternettheydonotremembertheinformation.Rathertheyrememberhowtofindit.Thisiscalledtransactivememory交互记忆.AccordingtoSparrowwearenotbecomingpeoplewithpoormemoriesasaresultoftheInternet.Insteadcomputerusersaredevelopingstrongertransactivememories;thatispeoplearelearninghowtoorganizehugequantitiesofinformationsothattheyareabletoaccessitatalaterdatE.Thisdoesn'tmeanwearebecomingeithermoreorlessintelligentbutthereisnodoubtthatthewayweusememoryischanging.26.Thepassagebeginswithtwoquestionsto______.A.introducethemaintopicB.showtheauthor'saltitudeC.describehowtousetheInternE.D.explainhowtostoreinformation27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefirstexperiment?A.Sparrow'steamtypedtheinformationintoacomputer.B.Thetwogroupsrememberedtheinformationequallywell.C.Thefirstgroupdidnottrytoremembertheformation.D.Thesecondgroupdidnotunderstandtheinformation.28.Intransactivememorypeople______.A.keeptheinformationinmindB.changethequantityofinformationC.organizeinformationlikeacomputerD.rememberhowtofindtheinformation29.WhatistheeffectoftheInternetaccordingtoSparrow'sresearch?A.Weareusingmemorydifferently.B.Wearebecomingmoreintelligent.C.Wehavepoorermemoriesthanbefore.D.Weneedabetterwaytoaccessinformation.

AGoodNight'sSteepSleepplaysavitalroleingoodhealthandwell-beingthroughoutyourlifE.Whileyou'resleepingyourbrainisformingnewpathwaystohelpyoulearnandrememberinformation.Althoughweallknowtheimportanceofgettingagoodnight'ssleepnotallofusknowthebestwayofgettingit.A.sleepexpertPhilAthertongavesometoptipsforgettingthemostoutofthenightwhichwillleaveyoureadyforactioninthemorning.AccordingtoPhilAthertonnoteatingalargemealbeforebedtimeisimportantforgettingagoodnight'ssleep.Thetimedifferencebetweeneatingandsleepingshouldbeatleastthreehours.Soyou'dbetteravoideatinganyfoodthreehoursbeforebedasitwillloweryourbloodsugarduringsleepandhelpminimizedamagefromtoomuchsugarfloatingarounD.It'salsoimportanttofindwaystoprepareyourbodyforsleep.Youcanfollowaroutineliketryingnottoexposeyourselftotoomuchartificiallightwithin1hourbeforebedasyourbrainuseslighttohelpsetinternalbodyclock.Althoughitmightseemunnaturaltoscheduleyoursleepthepurposeistosendasignaltoyourbodyandmindthatit'stimetosleep.AnotherwaytoprepareyourbodyforsleepistogetintoarelaxedstatebytakingabathorlisteningtosoftmusiC.Bothofthemwillhelptotakethemindoffthedaytimepressures.Havingasuitablebedespeciallyasuitablemattress床垫isnecessaryforagoodnight'ssleep.Sleepisapersonalizedactivityandwealladoptdifferentsleepingpositions.Findingthemattressthatsuitsyouwillreducebackpainsthatcanresultfromapoorsleepingposition.ThebedshouldbefourtosixincheslongerthanitstallestuserallowingforspacetomovearounD.Therecentresearchisprettyclearthatagoodnight'ssleepinamajorcomponentofgoodhealth.Sincethestartofthe21stcenturystudieshavelinkedalackofsleeptomanydiseasessuchasdiabetesandobesity.Takingactionnowwillleadtolong-termbenefitsforyouandthosearoundyou.28.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthepassage?A.Whentostartasoundsleep.B.Howtogetagoodnight'ssleep.C.Whattodowithsleepproblems.D.Whytoformagoodhabitofsleeping.29.Accordingtotheauthorbeforegoingtosleepyou'dbetter__________.A.recordyourbiologicalclockB.checkyourbloodsugarC.relieveyourpaininthebackD.freeyourselffromtension30.WhatdoestheunderlinedworditinParagraph2referto?A.NoteatingfooD.B.Takingameal.C.Noteatingalargemeal.D.Havingagoodsleep.31.Whichofthefollowingshowstheorganizationofthepassage?CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion

DouglasFlorianteachesreadersaboutbeesinanewbookofpoemscalledUnBEElievables.Inhislatestbookeachpoemispairedwithacolorfulimagethatillustrates图解adifferenttypeofbeeanditsroleinthegroup.Everypageisfulloffunandinterestingfactsaboutthesesocialinsects.TFK:Whenyoubrainstormforastorywhichcomesfirst:theimagesorthepoems?FLORIAN:Usuallythepoemscomefirst.Forabookof21poemsforexampleI'llactuallywriteabout50poemsfirst.AlthoughIsometimeshaveimagesinmymindtogoalongwiththewordsIhavetochoosewhichonesIwanttoincludeinthebook.TFK:ManyofyourbooksincludingUnBEElievablesareaboutinsectsandanimals.Howdidthesebecomeyourfavoritesubjects?FLORIAN:ThereissomuchhumorintheanimalworlD.Peoplehavealotofknowledgeaboutanimalsandideasaboutanimalsthatarefuntoexploreinwriting.Animalsarejustsointeresting.WhenIresearchIfindoutsomanynewandamazingfacts.ThepoemisoftenhalfwrittenbythetimeIhavedonewithmyresearch.TFK:Whydidyouchoosebeesasthesubjectofyourlatestbook?FLORIAN:Isawrecentlyinthenewsthatmanybeesaredyingout.Scientistsbelievethistobecausedbyvariousdiseases.Iwantedtocreateawarenessandlearnmoreaboutbeesafterhearingthis.Somanyofthefruitsandvegetablesweeataredependentonpollination授粉byhoneybees.IfbeesdisappearsowillmuchofourfooD.TFK:Doyouhaveafavoritebee?FLORIAN:Oneofmyfavoritesisthepoemandpaintingabouttheworkerbees.Iwantedthepaintingtobeveryplayfulandlight.Thesebeeshavetoworkalldayandit'skindoflikeafactory.AndeventhoughthesebeeshavetoworkveryhardtheymanagetosmilE.21.UnBEElievablesisabookabout.A.insectsB.imagesC.storiesD.fruits22.WhydidDouglasFlorianchoosebeesasthesubjectofhislatestbook?A.Becausebeesareeasytoexploreinwriting.B.Becausehewantspeopletoprotectbees.C.Becausehehasnoideaaboutbees.D.Becausebeesaregoingtodieout.23.DouglasFlorianlikestheworkerbeesbestmainlybecauseoftheir.A.hardworkB.greatcontributionC.dangeroussituationD.attitudetowardsworking

Untiltheinventionofthesteamenginehumanstravelledtheearthonfoot.Theslowtravelmeantexplorersfrequentlyreturnedwithstoriesaboutdistantlands:someofthemwildtalessomehonestdescriptions.BarbaraKlionwhohasretiredknowswhatthat’like.AsawalkerwhohastouredAustraliaKenyaandChinaonfoothertripsarethemoderneditionofanancienttraditionforyears.Klionandherhusbandnow75and80yearsoldtravelledindependently.Walkersknowseeingtheworldonfootgivesthemarareexperience.Oftentravelersareattractedbylocalpeopleandcustoms.Theyalsogetabeautifulandlastingimpressionofthescenery.Walkingtourscanbedoneinone’sbackyardbutthereareseveraldestinationsaroundtheworldthatexposetravelerstothebestofnatureandcultureWhattolookfor?A.famousguidesaystheessentialofaqualitywalkaregreatscenerytolerableweathersuitablelevelofdifficultyandsomethinglikeecologyhistoryorculture.Thesemayseemlikeunclearinstructionsbutthefunofwalkingtoursisthatmanythingsaredeterminedbythetraveler.SomeonewhoappreciateshotclimateswildlifeandflatareascouldchooseawalkingtourinZambia’sSouthLuangwaNationalPark.Travelerswhodon’tmindthecoldandenjoyadventurecouldhikePatagoniaanareaofsouthernArgentinaeastoftheAndes.Ingeneralindependenttravelerscandecidehowfartogoeachdaywhileguestsofatouragencyshouldexpecttowalkanaverageoffourtoeightmilesaday.AttheFordlandNationalParkforexamplethereareseveraleasy-to-difficulthikesgivingtravelersmanychoices.28.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTmakeaqualitywalking?A.GreatsceneryB.TolerableweatherC.AhelpfulcompanionD.Suitablelevelofdifficulty29.Accordingtothepassagecomparedwithguestsofatouragencyindependenttravelers______.A.canwalkfartherB.havemorechoicesC.facemoredifficultiesD.spendless30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowalkingtours?A.IndifferentB.NegativeC.WorriedD.Supportive31.Thebesttitleofthepassagemightbe_____A.SeetheWorldonFootB.BarbaraKlionagreatTravelerC.WhattoLookforD.TheFunofWalking

Itiswidelybelievedthatrobotswillstar担任主角inhuman’sfuturelifE.Buthowsoonwillitbebeforerobotsbecomesointelligentthattheywillbeabletodothingssuchasteachinglanguagesorlookingafterpatientsinhospital?SomeexpertsbelievethiswillhappenwithintwentyyearswhileothersdisagreE.OneLondoncompanyUASUniversityAutomatedSystemshasalreadydevelopedmachinesthatcanbeusedashomehelpsforoldpeopleunabletolookafterthemselvesandthosewhoarelivingontheirownorinspecialhomes.Thesemachinescannowdosuchthingsascookingeggsandcleaningthefloorandthecompanysaysthatfuturemodelsstillacceptsimplevoiceinstructionsandcanbecontrolledbyabrainthatistheequivalent替代品ofthelatestIBMmicrocomputer.ThedirectorofUASMrHenryJeffriesbelievesthatinthenextfivetotenyearscompanieswillhavedevelopedevenmoresophisticated复杂的robotsforuseinindustry.Bythattimeitislikelythattheywillalsohavebeguntosellnewformsofthesemachinesintoordinaryhomes.Robotscoulddoawiderangeofhouseholdtaskssuchaspreparingmealswashingdishescleaningthehouseandsoon.Bythenthepriceofsuchmachinesmayhavecomedowntoaslittleas$1000.ButDrSandraLomaxwhohasdoneresearchintoartificialintelligenceatSussexUniversityandMITMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologybelieveswehavealongwaytogobeforewecandeveloptrulyintelligentmachines.Preparinganomelet煎蛋mayseemeasyenough.Butsupposeoneoftheeggshasgonebadeventhemostintelligentrobotwouldprobablystilluseit.Ifsomethingslightlyunusualneedsdoingsomethingthatrequiresevenalittleofordinaryhumanimaginationarobotisuseless.TheyneedprogrammingforeventhesimplestoftasksandarenotabletolearnfromexperiencE.AndteachingarobothowtorecognizeabadeggismoredifficultthanteachingittopreparetheomeletDrSandraLomaxsays.21.A.LondoncompanycalledUAShasalreadydevelopedamachinewhich________.A.canteachlanguagesandcareforthepatientsinhospitalB.canhelpoldpeopledocertainjobsinthehouseC.iscontrolledbymicrocomputerbrainD.canacceptsimplevoiceinstructions22.ThedirectorofUASbelievesthatinthenextfivetotenyearsnewformsofmachineswill________.A.beabletothinkwiththeirownbrainsanddoanythingwithimaginationB.costlessthan$1000C.beusedmoreinordinaryhomesthaninindustryD.domorehousework23.DrSandraLomaxthinksthat________.A.norobotwilleverbeabletoprepareanomeletB.arobotwillsoonbeabletodounusualhouseworkpeoplecan’tdoC.wecanprogramarobottolearnfromexperienceD.makinganomeletiseasierforarobotthanrecognizingabadegg

Atelescope望远镜calledGaiaisbeingdesignedbyastronomersinEuropeanditcouldn’tbemoredifferentfromPan-STARRSwhichisanothertelescopebeingdesigneD.WhilePan-STARRSwillbelookingforasteroids小行星andcometsheadedforEarthGaiawillbelookingatourentiregalaxy银河系.GaiaisdesignedtodrawamapoftheMilkyWayourhomegalaxy.JustasamapofyourtowngivesyouapictureofwherethingsarelocatedGaia’smapofthegalaxywilltellastronomerswherethestarsarE.OverfiveyearsGaiawillobserve观察aboutabillionstarsandotherobjectsinourgalaxy.Eachobjectwillbeobservedabout70times.Gaiawillbesentintospaceconnectedtoarocket.Itcontainstwotelescopeseachfocusedatadifferentangle角度.ThesetwotelescopesactlikeGaia’seyes.Thereasonwhyhumanscanseethingsin3Disthatwehavetwoeyesfocusedonthesameobjectatslightlydifferentangles.ByusingtwotelescopeslikeeyesGaiacanproducethefirst3Dmapofthepositionsofthestarsitviews.Gaiawhichistobesentintospacein2011willbeapowerfultelescopE.IfyouweretouseitonEarthforexampleyoucouldstand600milesawayfromyourbestfriendsandstillgetaclearpictureoftheirhair.Gaiaisoneofmorethanadozentelescopesbeingdesignedbyscientistsrightnow.Thenextgenerationoftelescopeswillrevealnewpartsofouruniversethatwillseemsurprising.Theuniversewithallitsplanetsstarsandotherstrangeobjectsisapuzzlewithpiecesthatwecanseebyusingpowerfultelescopes.28.HowmanydifferentanglescanGaiafocusateachtime?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.29.ThemaptobedrawnbyGaia______.A.canshoweverybuildingonEarthB.canshowyouwhereyourtownisC.willjustshowthestarsaroundEarthD.willshowwherethestarsareinourhomegalaxy30.What’sParagraph4mainlyabout?A.WhatGaiawilldoinspacE.B.WhenGaiawillstarttowork.C.HowpowerfulGaiawillbE.D.WhatGaiawilldotoEarth.31.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphsuggeststhatthenextgenerationoftelescopes_______.A.seemverysurprisingtoscientistsB.willnotbeputintouseinashorttimeC.willjustlookatnewthingsinuniverseD.willbemorepowerfulthantheoldgenerations

Honey蜂蜜fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugaritisalsodelicious.Mostpeopleandmanyanimalslikeeatingit.Howevertheonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees’nest巢andtakethehoneyfromit.Oftenthesenestsarehighupintreesanditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfricathoughpeopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguidE.Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoneybutitdoeslikethewax蜂蜡inthebeehives蜂房.Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswaxwhichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.Sowhenitfindsasuitablenestitlooksforsomeonetohelpit.ThehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeoplE.Onceithastheirattentionitfliesthroughtheforestwaitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenestthefollowerreachesintogetthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.SomeofthehoneyandthewaxalwaysfallstothegroundandthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitssharE.Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewaxbutitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehivesandwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.33.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees’nest?A.It’ssmallinsizE.B.It’shiddenintrees.C.It’scoveredwithwax.D.It’shardtorecognizE.34.WhatdothewordsthefollowerinParagraph2referto?A.AbeE.B.A.birD.C.A.honeyseeker.D.A.beekeeper.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoneyC.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover’sHelper

It’sagainstthelawforthepolicetoattachaGPSunittoyourcarwithoutyourpermissionastheU.S.SupremeCourtsettledin2012.ButifthepoliceareinhotpursuitofabankrobberorotherescapingcriminalsthatthreatenpublicsafetyaGPStrackerisacceptablE.ButexactlyhowcanthepoliceGPStrackacarthatismovingfast?TheanswertothatquestioncomesfromStarChaseanewpolicetechnologybeingusedbyasmallbutgrowingnumberoflawenforcement强化agencies.Itallowsthepolicetofireglue-coveredGPSbullet-likeprojectiles发射体fromanairgunfixedintheirpolicecars.IftheGPStrackermakescontactwiththeescapingrobber’scarit’llsticknomatterhowfastthevehicleisgoing.Thatwaythepolicewillhaveaconstantreadonthecar’slocationandheading.Besidessimplyapprehending逮捕criminalsit’sbelievedthatthisnewtechnologycouldhelpsavelives.IfthepolicesuccessfullyfireaGPSunitataspeedingcriminaltheycanavoidahigh-riskchasE.Chasescanbeincrediblydangeroustoallinvolvedincludinginnocentbystandersandotherdrivers.OncetheGPSbulletconnectsthere’snoneedforthechaseanylonger.NowaGPS-loadedgunisn’tcheap.Policedepartmentsneedtopayabout$5000pervehicleforthetechnologyandindividualGPSbulletscostasmuchas$250each.ThatmaysoundexpensivebutrememberThealternativeisoftenthousandsofdollarsinpropertydamageandgreathumancostininjuryandlostlifE.AccordingtoStarChasetheirGPSbulletsystemhasanapprehensionrateof80%withoutanyreportofinjuryorpropertydamagE.Ifyou’dliketolearnmoreabouttheStarChasesystemPopularMechanicshasjustpublishedagoodarticleaboutit.There’salsoplentymoreinformationavailableatthecompany’swebsitE.32.WhentheGPSbulletstickstotheescapingrobber’scarthepolicecan________.A.knowthecar’sconditionB.ensuretherobber’ssafetyC.playafairgamewiththerobberD.knowthecar’spositionanddirection33.TheGPSbulletscouldhelpsavelivesmainlybecause________.A.thebulletswon’thurtpeopleB.theycanmaketherobber’scarstopC.thepolicecanstopthedangerouschaseD.theyhavemoreadvantagesthannormalbullets34.FromthetextwecanlearnthatGPSbullets__________.A.areusefulforthepoliceB.arewidelyusedinAmericaC.cancontroltherisingcrimerateD.canreplacethepoliceinthefuture35.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwereadthetext?A.LifeB.NatureC.FashionD.Technology

ThomasEdison'sincandescent白炽的light-bulbwillhavebeenbroughttoanendby2016becauseitusestoomuchenergy.Thegreatlighthopetoreplaceitisabulbmadefromlight-emittingdiodes两级管orLEDs.Moreefficienteventhanitsgreencompetitorthecompactfluorescentbulb小型荧光灯LEDscanlastabout20years.ButifyoutakeintoaccounthowmuchenergyisneededtoproducethemareLEDsstillasustainablechoice?MaryAsheagraduateengineeringstudentwho'sworkingonaresearchprojectthat'sassessingthelifecycleofLEDsaskeD.A.sustainabilitysensibility感受性issweepingthroughandtransformingthecurricula课程inAmerica'scollegesofengineeringwithmoreandmoreeducatorsstressingtheimportanceofdesignsandsolutionsthatrelyonrenewableresources.DavidT.Allenachemical-engineeringprofessorsayssustainableengineeringisverymuchinthegrowthmode.Itsgoalistouseresourcesinsuchawaythatcurrentneedsaremetwithoutrobbingfuturegenerationsoftheabilitytousethemaswell.StudentshaveaskedustodelivermorecoursesinthisareasaysAllen.ThepushiscomingfromstudentswhowanttoengageinwhatIcall‘engineeringthatyoucanfeelgoodabout'headds.Youhavetogobackseveralgenerationstofindanothergroupofstudentsinterestedindoingsomethinggoodforsociety.JeremyGuest27didn'tgetbittenbythegreen-designbug臭虫untilhisthirdyearingradschoolwhenhetookacourseinsustainability.Itopenedmyeyeshesays.NowGuestisresearchinghowtorecoverdrinkablewaternutrientsandenergyfromwastewater.28.ThequestionaskedbyAsheinthefirstparagraphisusedtoA.showthatshe'spuzzledbyLEDsB.encouragereaderstothinkaboutitC.introducethetopicofsustainableengineeringD.showhowdifficultsuchachoicecanbe29.ItcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaysinParagraph3thatA.studentsstudyengineeringforpleasureB.sustainableengineeringwasonceunpopularC.studentsfindsustainableengineeringdifficultD.studentsusedtobelessconcernedaboutsocialbenefits30.Theunderlinedpartgetbittenbythegreen-designbuginthetextmeansA.becomeinterestedingreendesignB.begintolikegreenbugsC.sufferattacksfromgreeninsectsD.failingreendesign31.Whatisconveyedinthetext?A.Currentcoursessatisfystudents'interestinsustainability.B.Studentsareforcedtoshowapassionforenvironmentalproblems.C.SustainableengineeringisbecomingatrenD.D.Sustainabilityisahottopicamongstudents.

Istherelinkbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.SincethenmanyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomakeadifferencE.In1997theKyotoProtocolexplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions排放from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.MorerecentlytheParisAgreementstuckbynearly200countriesalsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoextinction.2℃TomeetthisminimumgoaltheAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinksomeislandsworsedrought干旱anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreementafterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslikeKiribatiwhichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsinking.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebeganputtingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃ThebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialagE.70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.A.theproblemofglobalwarmingwillhavebeenquitesolvedby2020B.gasemissionshavebeeneffectivelyreducedindevelopedcountriesC.theParisAgreementsismoreinfluentialthantheKyotoProtocolD.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarming71.IfnationscouldonlykeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreementwhatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.ThehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethirD.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstillexist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereacheD.72.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvivethemaximumtemperaturerisesincethestartoftheindustrialageshouldbe_______.A.0.8℃B.1.5℃C.2℃D.3.5℃

OneanimalwhichisstillalivebuthasalmostdisappearedfromtheworldistheChineseriverdolphinorbaiji.ThebaijiisabeautifulanimalwithagracefulbodyandalongnosE.Itisblue-greywithawhiteundersideweighsbetween100and160kilogrammesandcangrowuptoeightfeetlong.ItlivesinthemiddleandlowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiver.Mostdolphinsliveintheseasothebaijiisveryunusual.ItisoneofonlyfivekindsofriverdolphinsintheworlD.Inthepastthereweremanystoriesaboutthebaiji.Onestorysaidthatthedolphinwasreallyabeautifulprincesswhohaddrownedintheriver.Anothersaiditwasakindofhorsethatcouldgallop急速行进acrosswatercarryingGodonitsback.Sadlythesituationtodayisverydifferent.ManymillionsofpeopleliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinandtheriverisbusynoisyandpolluteD.Thebaijiisalmostblindandmovesaroundusingsounds.WithsomanyboatsandpeopleusingtherivertheanimalscannotfindtheirwayarounD.Theyareunabletofindfoodorfindeachother.Yearbyyearthenumberofbaijiintheriverbecomessmallerandsmaller.Alotofworkisbeingdonetohelpthebaiji.OnesectionoftheriverhasbeenmadeintoakindofnatureparkwherethebajijcanbesafE.FishermenworktogetherwithscientistsandtellthemwhentheyseeabajijoriftheyfindaninjuredonE.Injuredanimalsaretakentoaresearchcenterandnursedbacktobehealthy.Howeverinspiteofthesemeasuresscientistsestimate估计thatthemumberofthebajijstillaliveintherivermaybelessthan100.Ifthingscontinueastheyarethelovelycreaturewilldisappearinthenext25years.33.WhichdescriptionaboutthebaijiisWRONG?A.IthasalreadydiedoutfromtheworlD.B.Itisblue-greywithawhiteundersidE.C.ItlivesinthemiddleandlowerpartsoftheYangtzeRiver.D.Itisoneofonly5kindsofriverdolphinsintheworlD.34.ThereasonswhythebaijiisdisappearingarethefollowingEXCEPT.A.manymillionsofpeopleliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinmakingtherenoisyandpollutedB.thebaijiisblindbecauseofthepollutionandcan’tfindthewayaroundC.theboatsandpeoplearenoisymakingtheanimalscannotfindtheirwayaroundbysoundsD.theyareunabletofindfoodorfindeachotherbysoundssincetheriverisnoisy35.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.PeopleliketoliveintheYangtzeRiverBasinwithanimalsswimmingintheriver.B.Theanimalsdyingoutarebeinghuntedbyhumanbeings.C.Peoplecantakesomemeasurestosavetheanimalsdyingout.D.Therearemorebajijlivinginanatureparknow.

PersonalRobotMakeyourparentsandteachershappy!Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime?Doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou?Youdon’tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMr.HelpingHandpersonalrobot.Mr.Hcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.YourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaroundputtingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbeD.Mr.Halsohasthesefeatures特点●weighsonly500grams●includeslong-lastingbatteries●comeswitha5-yearguarantee●rememberssimpleinstructionsOriginally最初soldfor$499NOWONLY$299BUYNOWWATCHCONTROLThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROLØactsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.Øgivesyouadailyweatherforecast.Øremindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework.Øsetsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear.BesidesyourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!Originallysoldfor$199NOWONLY$99Forfurtherinformationclickhere.25.WithhelpfromaMr.Hyoucan_______.A.stopusingbatteriesB.getyourroomtidiedonyourwayhomeC.rememberyourteacher’sinstructionsD.finishyourhomeworkontime26.IfyoubuyaPENGOWATCHCONTROLnowyoucansave_______.A.＄99B.＄100C.＄200D.＄19927.Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?A.OnanoticeboardB.InacompanybrochurE.C.OnateenagewebsiteD.Inacollegenewspaper.

RecentlyIspoketosomeofmystudentsaboutwhattheywantedtodoaftertheygraduatedandwhatkindofjobprospectstheythoughttheyhaD.GiventhatIteachstudentswhoaretrainedtobedoctorsIwassurprisedtofindthatmostthoughtthattheywouldnotbeabletogetthejobstheywantedwithoutoutsidehelp.Whatkindofhelpisthat?Iaskedexpectingthemtotellmethattheywouldneedarelativeorfamilyfriendtohelpthemout.SurgeryonereplieD.IwasprettyalarmedbythatresponsE.ItseemsthatthegraduatesoftodayareincreasinglywillingtogoundertheknifetogetaheadofotherswhenitcomestogettingajoB.Onegirltoldmethatshewasconsideringsurgerytoincreaseherheight.Theybreakyourlegsputinspecialextendingscrewsandslowlyexpandthegapbetweenthetwoendsoftheboneasitregrows.Youcangetatleast5cmtaller!AtthatpointIwasshockeD.Iamshort.Ican’tdenythatbutIdon’tthinkIwouldputmyselfthroughmonthsofpainjusttobeafewcentimeterstaller.Idon’tevenbothertowearshoeswiththicksolesasI.’mnottryingtohidethefactthatIamjustnottall!Itseemstomethatthereisatrendtowardwantingperfectionandthatisanidealthatjustdoesnotexistinreality.NooneisbornperfectyetmagazinesTVshowsandmoviespresentimagesofthintallbeautifulpeopleasbeingthenorm.Advertisementsforslimmingaidsbeautytreatmentsandcosmeticsurgery整容外科手术clinicsfillthepagesofnewspapersfurthercreatinganideathatperfectionisarequirementandthatitmustbepurchasednomatterwhatthecost.Inmyopinionskillsratherthanappearanceshoulddeterminehowsuccessfulapersonisinhischosencareer.32.Wecanknowfromthepassagethattheauthorworksas.A.adoctorB.ateacherC.amodeD.areporter33.Manygraduatestodayturntocosmeticsurgeryto.A.getanadvantageoverothersinjob-huntingB.becomeamodelC.marryabetterman/womanD.attractmoreadmirers34.Accordingtothepassagetheauthorbelievesthat.A.everyoneshouldpursueperfectionwhateverthecostB.it’srightforgraduatestoaskforotherstohelpthemoutinhuntingforjobsC.mediaaretoblameformisleadingyoungpeopleintheirseekingforsurgeryD.itisone’sappearanceinsteadofskillsthatreallymattersinone’scareer35.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhisheight?A.Hehatestobecalledashortman.B.Hetriestoincreasehisheightthroughsurgery.C.Healwayswearsshoeswiththicksolestohidethefact.D.Hejustacceptsitasitis.

ForaslongastheycanrememberJynneMartinandAprilSurgenthadbothdreamedofgoingtoAntarcticA.ThiswintertheyeachmadeittotheicycontinentasguestsoftheNationalScienceFoundationNSF.Buttheydidn’tgoasscientists.MartinisapoetandSurgentisanartist.TheywenttoAntarcticaasparticipantsintheNSF’sArtistsandWritersprogram.TheNSFisthegovernmentagencythatfundsscientificresearchinAntarcticA.ButitalsomakesitpossibleforartistsincludingfilmmakersandmusicianstoexperienceAntarcticaandcontributetheirownpointsofviewtoourunderstandingofthecontinent.ThemixingofscienceandartinAntarcticaisn’tnew.Someoftheearliestexplorersbroughtalongpaintersandphotographers.EdwardWilsonwasaBritishpainterdoctorandbirdexpertwhojourneyedwithRobertFalconScottontwoseparateAntarcticexpeditionsmorethan100yearsago.HerbertPontingwasaphotographerwhoalsoaccompaniedScottononeofthoseexpeditions.InhundredsofphotosPontingcapturedthebeautyofthecontinentandrecordedthedailylivesandheroicstrugglesoftheexplorers.Today’sscientistswritearticlesforscientificjournals.Unliketheearlyexplorers’journalsscientificpaperscannowbeverydifficultfornon-scientiststounderstanD.WritersinAntarcticaworktoexplaintheresearchtothepubliC.PeterRejcekiseditorwriterandphotographerfortheAntarcticSunanonlinemagazinedevotedtonewsabouttheU.S.AntarcticProgram.RejeckbeganhiscareerintheAntarcticin2003byspendingayearattheSouthPolE.HehasreturnedeveryyearsinceinterviewingscientistsaboutresearchatPalmerMcMurdoandSouthPolestations.TherearealsoscientistsinAntarcticawhoworkhardtoexplaintheirresearchtothepubliC.ScientistDianeMcKnightwroteTheLostSealachildren’sbookthatexplainstheresearchsheandothersaredoinginanunusualice-freeareainAntarcticacalledtheDryValleys.Antarcticaisfullofstoriesandwondersthatarescientifichistoricandpersonal.PeoplesuchasMartinSurgentRejcekandDianeMcKnightaredevotedtobringingthosestoriestoasmanypeopleastheycan.Somepeoplearegoingtobescientistssomepeoplearegoingtobejournalistssomepeoplearegoingtobeartistsbutwecanallworktogether.saysSurgenttocelebratethisextraordinaryplacE.32.WhatdoweknowabouttheNSF?A.Itisagovernmentagency.B.ItonlyfundsscientistsinAntarcticA.C.ItencouragestheunderstandingofhumannaturE.D.ItenablesthemixingofscienceandartforthefirsttimE.33.Whydidn’tsomeearliestexplorersbringwritersalong?A.WriterswerenotfundedatthattimE.B.Writingcan’tcapturethebeautyofthecontinent.C.WriterswerenotinterestedinpopularizingsciencE.D.Earlyexplorers’journalscanbeeasilyunderstoodbythepubliC.34.BymentioningDianeMcKnighttheauthormaytrytosuggestthat_____.A.scientistsshouldexplaintheirresearchtochildrenB.writersarenotnecessarysincescientistscantellstoriesaswellC.tellingstoriestochildrenismoreimportantthanknowingthetruthD.nomatterwhatroleweplaywecanworktogethertoappreciateAntarctica35.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.Antarctica:A.LandforA11B.TheNSF:A.ProgramforAllC.Antarctica:A.LandofBeautyandStoriesD.TheNSF:A.ProgramforArtistsandScientists

Gravitationalwavesaretheripples波纹inthepondofspacetimE.Thegravityoflargeobjectswarpsspaceandtimeorspacetimeasphysicistscallitthewayabowlingballchangestheshapeofatrampoline蹦床asitrollsaroundonit.Smallerobjectswillmovedifferentlyasaresult—likemarblesspiraling盘旋towardabowling-ball-sizeddent凹迹inatrampolineinsteadofsittingonaflatsurfacE.Scientistsannouncedthattheyhavesucceededindetectinggravitationalwavesfromtheviolentmerging兼并oftwoblackholesindeepspacE.Thedetectionwasregardedasavictoryforacontroversialdelicatelycraftedbillion-dollarphysicsexperimentandasconfirmationofakeypredictionofAlbertEinstein'sGeneralTheoryofRelativity.ThereisnoobviousimmediateconsequenceofthisphysicsexperimentbutthescientistssaythisopensanewwindowontheuniversE.Untilnowastronomyhasbeenalmostexclusivelyavisualenterprise:Scientistshavereliedonlightvisibleandotherwisetoobservethecosmos.Butnowgravitationalwavescanbeusedaswell.Theycouldpotentiallytakeacensusofblack-holemergersspotthecollisionsofultra-denseneutronstars中子星probetheinnerdynamicsofexplodingstarsanddiscovertheoreticalcosmicstringsleftoverfromthebigbang.ThesewaveswillbeparticularlyusefulforstudyingblackholestheexistenceofwhichwasfirstimpliedbyEinstein’stheoryandotherdarkobjectsbecausethey’llgivescientistsabrightbeacontosearchforevenwhenobjectsdon’temitactuallight.Mappingtheabundanceofblackholesandfrequencyoftheirmergerscouldgetaloteasier.SincetheypassthroughmatterwithoutinteractingwithitgravitationalwaveswouldcometoEarthcarryingundistortedinformationabouttheirorigin.Theycouldalsoimprovemethodsforestimatingthedistancestoothergalaxies.ItwillalsostartaneweraofastronomyinwhichgravitationalwavesaretoolsforstudyingthemostmysteriousandexoticobjectsintheuniversE.33.Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheexperimentofgravitationalwaves?A.Itisasuccessandwasapprovedofbyall.B.Itiswelldesignedthoughtimeandmoneyconsuming.C.Itprovesthatblackholesdogiveoutgravitationalwaves.D.ItprovesoneofthekeypredictionsofEinstein’sGeneralTheoryofRelativityright.34.Whyisgravitationalwavesimportant?A.Becausescientistshavereliedonlightvisibleandotherwisetoobservethecosmos.B.Becausetheyhavebeenusedtodiscoverfactsabouttheinnerdynamicsofexplodingstars.C.Becausetheycouldmakeitpossibletoprobeobjectsintotaldarknessevenwhentheydon’tgiveoutlight.D.Becausemappingtheabundanceofblackholesandfrequencyoftheirmergerscouldbeimpossiblewithoutthem.35.Theunderlinedwordundistortedinparagraph6probablymean_______A.UnrelateD.B.Unfamiliar.C.UnchangeD.D.Unreal.

Mostpeopleagreethathonestyisagoodthing.ButdoesMotherNatureagree?Animalscan’ttalkbutcantheylieinotherways?Cantheyliewiththeirbodiesandbehavior?Animalexpertsmaynotcallitlyingbuttheydoagreethatmanyanimalsfrombirdstochimpanzeesbehavedishonestlytofoolotheranimals.Why?DishonestyoftenhelpsthemsurvivE.Manykindsofbirdsareverysuccessfulatfoolingotheranimals.Forexampleabirdcalledtheploversometimespretendstobehurtinordertoprotectitsyoung.Whenapredator猎食动物getsclosetoitsnesttheploverleadsthepredatorawayfromthenest.How?Itpretendstohaveabrokenwing.Thepredatorfollowsthehurtadultleavingthebabybirdssafeinthenest.Anotherkindofbirdthescrubjayburiesitsfoodsoitalwayshassomethingtoeat.Scrubjaysarealsothieves.Theywatchwhereothersburytheirfoodandstealit.Butcleverscrubjaysseemtoknowwhenathiefiswatchingthem.SotheygobacklaterunburythefoodandburyitagainsomewhereelsE.Birdscalledcuckooshavefoundawaytohavebabieswithoutdoingmuchwork.How?Theydon'tmakenests.Insteadtheygetintootherbirds’nestssecretly.Thentheylaytheireggsandflyaway.Whenthebabybirdscomeouttheiradoptiveparentsfeedthem.Chimpanzeesorchimpscanalsobesneaky.Afterafightthelosingchimpwillgiveitshandtotheother.Whenthewinningchimpputsoutitshandtoothechimpsarefriendlyagain.Butananimalexpertoncesawalosingchimptakethewinner'shandandstartfightingagain.Chimpsaresneakyinotherwaystoo.Whenchimpsfindfoodthattheylovesuchasbananasitisnaturalforthemtocryout.Thenotherchimpscomerunning.ButsomecleverchimpslearntocryverysoftlywhentheyfindfooD.Thatwayotherchimpsdon'thearthemandtheydon’tneedtosharetheirfooD.AschildrenmanyofuslearnthesayingYoucan'tfoolMotherNaturE.Butmaybeyoucan'ttrusthereither.32.A.ploverprotectsitsyoungfromapredatorby___________.A.gettingclosertoitsyoungB.drivingawaytheadultpredatorC.leavingitsyounginanothernestD.pretendingtobeinjured33.ByChimpanzeesorchimpscanalsobesneakyparagraph5theauthormeans_______.A.chimpsarereadytoattackothersB.chimpsaresometimesdishonestC.chimpsarejealousofthewinnersD.chimpscanbeselfishtoo34.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Somechimpslowertheircrytokeepfoodawayfromothers.B.Thelosingchimpwonthefightbytakingthewinner'shanD.C.Cuckoosfooltheiradoptiveparentsbymakingnonests.D.Somecleverscrubjaysoftenstealtheirfoodback.35.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Doanimalslie?B.DoesMotherNaturefoolanimals?C.Howdoanimalslearntolie?D.Howdoeshonestyhelpanimalssurvive?

Doessolvingamathproblemgiveyouaheadache?Doyoufeelnervouswhenyousitamathexam?Formoststudentsmathcanbetoughbutscientistshaveprovedthatmathproblemscanactuallytrigger引起physicalpain.Scientistscametothisconclusionwithanin-depthexperimentwhichwaspublishedinthePublicLibraryofScienceOnejournal.Theybeganbyfindingouthowmuchparticipantsfearmath.Thoseinvolvedwereaskedaseriesofquestionssuchashowtheyfeelwhentheyreceiveamathtextbookorwhentheywalkintoamathlesson.Basedontheiranswersparticipantsweredividedintogroups.Onegroupwasmadeupofpeoplewhowereparticularlyafraidofmathandparticipantsintheothergroupweremorecomfortablewiththesubject.Bothgroupswerethengiveneithermathtasksorwordtasks.Whenamathtaskwasgoingtocomenextayellowcirclewouldappearbutwhenawordtaskwassoontocomeabluesquarewouldbeshown.Usingabrain-scanmachinescientistsnoticedthatwheneverpeoplefromGroupOnesawayellowcircletheirbrainwouldrespondinawaysimilartowhentheirbodyisfeelingpain.ItwaslikethepaintheywouldfeelforexampleiftheyburnttheirhandonahotstovE.Buttheyreactedlessstronglywhentheyknewthattheywouldbefacedwithawordtask.Howeverscientistssawnostrongbrainresponsefrompeopleinthesecondgroup.Mathcanbedifficultandforthosewithhighlevelsofmathematics-anxietyHMAmathisassociatedwithtensionapprehension忧虑andfear.WhenyouarereallythinkingaboutthemathproblemsyourmindisracingandyouareworryingaboutallthethingsthatcouldgowrongexplainedIanLyonsfromUniversityofChicagoUSleaderofthestudy.Thehigheraperson’sanxietyofamathstaskthemoreheactivatedbrainregionsassociatedwiththreatdetectionandtheexperienceofpain.Moreinterestinglythebrainactivitydisappearedwhenparticipantsactuallystarteddealingwiththemathtasks.Thismeansthatit’snotthatmathitselfhurts;rathertheexpectationofmathispainfulLyonssaiD.Basedonthestudyscientistssuggestedthatthingscouldbedonetohelpstudentsworrylessandmovepasttheirfearofmathwhichmightmeantheyperformbetterintests.72.Inthefirststagescientistsaskparticipantssomequestionsto_____.A.seewhethermathhurtsB.findouthowmuchtheyfearmathC.observehowtheirbrainresponseD.testtheirenduranceofpain73.Theunderlinedwordtheexpectationofmathisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.theattemptoflearningmathB.themotivationtoworkoutmathproblemC.theefforttounderstandmathD.theactofthinkingaboutmath74.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howtoovercomemathfear.B.PhysicalpainaffectsmathperformancE.C.Mathpaininyourbrain.D.Unknowntruthaboutpain.75.Whatcanbeconcludedfromtheexperiment?A.Theexpectationofmathhasnorelationtostudents’confidenceinmath.B.Moderatemathematicanxietyimprovesstudents’academicperformancE.C.Effectivesolutionshavebeenworkedouttolowerstudents’anxietyofmath.D.PhysicalpaincausedbyHMAdisappearsintheprocessofdoingmathproblem.

Althoughhurricaneseasondoesn'tbeginuntilJune1aPacificstormhasalreadystruck.ElSalvadorwhichwasruinedbyaCaribbeanstormin1995washitbyHurricaneAdrianonFriday.ThisisthefirstPacific-bornhurricanetoeverreachLandinthisCentralAmericancountry.Some14000peopleleftfromthewesterncoastofElSalvador.Thestormweakenedasitcrossedlandheadingeast.Heavyrainscreateddeadlyfloodingproblemsinthehurricane'swakE.AdrianisthefirstPacificstormoftheseason.Itreportedmaximum最大的continuouswindsof75milesperhourtheminimumstrengthofahurricanE.A.Category3hurricaneAdrianalsocauseddamageandfloodinginHonduras.ItisexpectedtobreakupbeforereachingtheCaribbeanSeaontheeasterncoastofCentralAmericA.HurricaneseasontypicallybeginsonJune1standlaststhroughNovember30.TheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationNOAAhaspredicted预告seventoninehurricanesforthe2005season.ItisdifficulttomakeanykindofanexactpredictionofhowmanyofthesewillstrikelandNOAAadministratorConradLautenbachersaid.HepredictstwotothreehurricaneswillstriketheU.S.thisseason.LastyearsixofninehurricanesreachedCategory3strengthorhigher.FourofthosehitFloridawithinasix-weekperioD.AltogetherHurricanesCharleyFrancesIvanandJeannecausedmorethan$40billionindamageintheSunshineStatE.Thisyear'sforecastisbasedonoceantemperatures.Warmertemperaturesproducemoretropicalstormswhichcanthenturnintohurricanes.TheissuereallythisyearistheunusuallywarmseasurfacetemperaturesintheAtlanticsaidFrankLeporeoftheNationalHurricaneCenter.28.Whichofthefollowingisthe2005firsthurricane?A.Charley.B.Adrian.C.Jeanne.D.Ivan29.Howmanycountriesstruckbythehurricanearementionedinthetext?A.Six.B.Nine.C.Five.D.Three30.Wecaninferthatwarmeroceantemperatures.A.havenothingtodowiththehurricaneB.causelesshurricaneC.aremorelikelytocausethehurricanesD.doalotofdamagetotheareasalongthecoast31.Thepassageimplies暗示that.A.hurricaneseasoncomesearlythisyearB.everyhurricaneformedinoceanscouldcausegreatdamagetothelandC.hurricaneoftencomesinwinterandspringD.tropicalstormismoreseverethanhurricane

Apple’sipadhasbeenahugehitamongchildrenwithitseasytouseinterface界面andinnovativeapps.InfactresearcherssaytheastonishingriseoftheipadhasmeantithasnowovertakenhouseholdnamessuchasMcDonaldsandDisneytobecomethenumberonebrandamongAmerican6-12yearolds.TheannualstudyconductedbyleadingyouthandfamilyresearchfirmSmartyPantsranksmorethan250brandseachyear.iPad’snumberonestatusamongkidsrepresentsthesummitofthe‘tablettakeover’—amovementfromsharedscreensandTVnetworkdominancetoplannedcontentonpersonaldevices.SaidWynneTyreepresidentofSmartyPants.KidsincreasinglyturntoiPadforgamesTVshowsvideosbookshomeworkhelpandcommunicatingwithfriendsandfamily.Inthefirm’s2014studyApple’siPadwentaheadofkidbrandssuchasMcDonald’sandDisney.KidsseetheiPadastheall-in-onedigitaltoolgivingthemauniquesenseofindependencetheresearcherssay.TyreenotesthatiPad’smarchtothetophasbeendramatiC.InjustfiveyearstheiPadhasrisenfromranking109thtobeingkid’sfavoritebranD.EarlyonitcapturedtheheartsofteensandmiddleandupperclassfamiliesbutiPadisnowanindispensable不可或缺的partofchildhoodforthemasses.OnthestudyiPadwastopswithaweightedscoreof898outof1000.Disneycameat858Google’sYouTube852McDonald’s839iPhone830andApple829.DigitalentertainmentoverallisseeinganincreaseamongkidsandfamilieswithbrandssuchasNetflixHuluAmazonInstantVideoAndroidandSamsungpostingnoteworthyincreasesinthestudyameasureofkids’awarenesspopularityandloveforabranD.AlongwithiPadthesedevicesandservicesprovideentertainmentthatisalwayson.Offeringseeminglyendlessoptionstabletsanddigitalcontentprovidersaremeetingcontemporarykids’needs—withfunandconnectivitynevermorethanatapaway.24.Whatisthetablettakeovermovementaccordingtothepassage?A.InthemovementeveryoneownsaniPaD.B.ItreferstotheshiftfromwatchingTVtogethertousinganiPadseparately.C.Inthemovementpeoplebecomemoreindependentinentertainment.D.InthemovementpeoplereceivemoreinformationfromaniPadthanfromTV.25.WhatmakesaniPadappealingtothekids?A.AniPadhelpsthekidsbuildupstrongerrelationshipswiththeirparents.B.AniPadcandevelopthekids’readingskills.C.WithaniPadthekidscanbecomeabetterlearner.D.TheycanwatchTVshowsusinganiPaD.26.WhatisthecorrectrankingaccordingtoscoresfromthestudyofSmartyPants?A.Disney—YouTube—Apple—iPhone—iPad—McDonald’sB.iPad—Disney—YouTube--McDonald’s—iPhone—AppleC.iPhone—Disney—iPad--McDonald’s—YouTube--AppleD.iPad—Apple—iPhone--McDonald’s—Disney—YouTube27.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Apple’siPadcandevelopthekids’creativity.B.Tabletanddigitalproviderscannevermeetthekids’needs.C.AniPadcanprovidethekidswithmostentertainment.D.AniPad’sfunandconnectiontotheInternetattractsthekidsmost.

OncetwophoenixbirdsflewoverasmallvillageinHunanprovincE.ThevillagewassobeautifulthatthebirdsneverwantedtoleavE.ThislegendwasrecitedtomeduringmyvisittoFenghuangaddingamythical神秘的touchtothisancienttown.Fenghuangisasnapshotofidyllic田园诗般villagelifeinruralChinA.SetalongsidethebanksoftheTuojiangRiver.Fenghuangisfullofsmallwinding蜿蜒的alleysandsurroundedbylushgreenhills.Havingtraveleddirectlyfromthebustling喧嚣的cityofChangshaFenghuangwasabreathoffreshair.WhenIvisitedFenghuangitwasJuly.MyfriendandIexcitedlyexploredwalkingalongtheancientcitywallandcrossingthebeautifuloldbridges.DespitethecrowdsoftouristsitseemedasiflifeinthiscornerofChinahadnotchangedforcenturies.PeoplewereveryrelaxeD.Theywereneverbotheredbythehotweathernorbythetouristswalkingeatingandplayingoutdoors.Onourfirsteveningweboughtspicycoldnoodlesfromastreetvendorandateontheriverbankaswewatchedthesunset.WestayedinasmallhotelsimilartomanyofthetraditionalbuildingsinthevillagE.Ourroomwasbuiltonhighstilts桩子overthebanksoftheriver.Fromourwindowwecouldheartherushofthewaterandthesoundsofexcitedtouriststravelinginsmallboatsdownstream.EveninmoderntimestherivercontinuestobethelifeofthevillagE.Wesawpeoplebusyatworkcatchingfishorferrying摆渡touristsforsightseeing.Youngchildrenplayedinshallowwatersandfamilieswashedtheirclothesandutensils厨具.AftertwodaysexploringthevillageIcouldempathizewiththelegendofthephoenix.Iwasreluctant不情愿toleavE.24.Theauthormentionsthelegendofthephoenixbirdsinthefirstparagraph_.A.toshowherdeeploveinChinesecultureB.tointroducethetopicofhertriptothetownofFenghuangC.toexplainhowthetownofFenghuanggotitsnameD.todescribethebeautifulsceneryofthetownofFenghuang25.WhichofthefollowingaspectsofthetownofFenghuangarementionedinthearticle?A.populationB.geographyC.architectureD.weatherandclimateE.foodculturef.livinghabitsg.festivalactivitiesA.acdegB.bcdefC.cdefgD.abcde26.WecaninferfromthearticlethattheauthorfoundhertriptothetownofFenghuang_A.boringB.relaxingC.quiteanadventureD.awasteoftimeandmoney27.Theunderlinedwordempathizeinthelastparagraphprobablymeans_A.understandandsharethefeelingsofsomeoneelseB.stronglydisagreewithsomethingC.paycloseattentiontosomethingD.understandtheimportanceofsomething

Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnaturecurediseasesmakebombsandhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation__todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooksauthorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLoveCharacterandAchievementappearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtogoagainstthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimalhoweverismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathasscienceuncoveredabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?ToanswerthesequestionsBrooksstudiesawiderangeofdisciplines学科.Consideringthisyoumightexpectthebooktobeasimpledescriptionoffacts.ButBrookshasformedhisbookinanunusualandperhapsunfortunateway.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheorieshetellsastorywithinwhichhetriestomakehispointsperhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandEricatheheroandheroineinhisstorylivethroughchildhoodwehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.OnthewholeBrooks’storyisacceptableifuninspireD.Asonewouldexpecthiswritingismostlyclearandtobefairsomechaptersstandoutabovetherest.IenjoyedforinstancethechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharactersthemoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewherE.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’attempttotranslatehistaleintosciencE.32.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.explainwheresciencecanbeappliedB.showthevalueofBrooks’newbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks33.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsclearwriting.C.Itsconvincingpoints.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.34.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.SupportivE.C.Cautious.D.Critical.35.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Deathofthecharacters.B.Brooks’lifeexperiencE.C.Problemswiththebook.D.Brooks’translationskills.

WhatIsanE-TicketRide?AnE-ticketrideisanespeciallythrillingamusementparkridE.Thetermnowcanrefertoanythingextraordinary.WhatdistinguishesthisfromanyotherrideisthelevelofdetailtechnologyandentertainmentvaluE.From1955-1982theDisneylandthemeparkinAnaheimCaliforniasoldindividualrideticketswithadmissiontothepark.In1972simpleridesliketheKingArthurCarouseltookA-ticketswhileAliceInWonderlandwasB-tickets.C.andD-ticketrideswereabitmoreadvancedincludingPeterPan’sFlightandFlighttotheMoon.Thebiggestbestandnewestridesintheparkwerereservedforthe85centE-ticket.Inthe1970sthislistincludedPiratesoftheCaribbeanandtheHauntedMansion.OneinterestingthingabouttheticketsisthatDisneyofficialsconsistentlyreferredtothemascouponswhileguestsinsistedtheyshouldbecalledtickets.In1982thetickets—orcoupons—werephasedoutoftheDisneylandworldastheparkintroducedapay-one-priceadmission.AsareplacementofsortsfortheticketingsystemDisneyintroducedtheFASTPASSforsomeoftherides.GenerallytheFASTPASSisusedonthemostpopularrides.RumorsoftencirculatetosuggestthatDisneylandisplanningtostopusingthissysteminfavorofVIPticketsoutragingsomefans.From1997-2004theWaltDisneyWorldResortinFloridaofferedanexperiencecalledE.-rideNights.Thispopularalthoughcostlyextraallowedticket-holdingvisitorstostayintheparkthreehoursafterclosingandridesomeofthemostpopularattractions.TodayalthoughtheticketsnolongerofficiallyexistDisneyfansstillclassifyridesbytheirticketstatus.Inthe2007announcementofexpansionstotheCaliforniaAdventureParkatleasttwonewE-ticketattractionswereannouncedtheLittleMermaidrideandatest-trackracingridebasedonthePixarmovieCars.Recentcriticismsofthere-openedFindingNemoSubmarineVoyagesuggestthatsomefansthinktheridehasbeendowngradedtoaD-ticketfromitsformerglory.InpopularculturethephrasehasbeenusedtorefertoanextraordinaryexperiencE.AmericanastronautSallyRidefamouslyreferredtoridingthespaceshuttleasanE-ticketexperiencE.Thephrasehasappearedinseveralmovies.FansoftheDisneyparkshavealsoproducedaride-basedfanmagazinecalledTheETicketsince1986.AlthoughthetermnolongerappliestotheDisneymethodofrideadmissionitisstillconsistentlypopularasapopularphrasE.WhatIsanE-TicketRide?OutlinesSupportingDetails1______ofE-TicketRide●ItisathrillingamusementparkridE.●It2______fromanyotherrideinthelevelofdetailtechnologyandentertainmentvaluE.3______ofridetickets●From1955-1982ABC.andD-ticketrides4______upintheDisneylandthemepark.●FASTPASSwasintroducedtoDisneyto5______fortheticketingsystem.●From1997-2004peoplecouldgo6______E-rideNightsintheWaltDisneyWorldResortinFloridA.●DisneyofficialsreferredtothemascouponsallthetimE.●In2007atleasttwonewE-ticketattractionswereannouncedto7______totheCaliforniaAdventurePark.Presentsituation●Inpopularculturethetermcanrefertoextraordinary8______.●AmericanastronautSallyRide9______ridingthespaceshuttleasanE-ticketexperiencE.●AlthoughthetermnolongerappliestotheDisneymethodofrideadmissionit10______consistentlypopularasapopularphrasE.

Workyourbrain!Between2and3poundsofwonderitcontrolseverythingwesaydoorthinkwhoweareandwhatwecareaboutthewaywewalkorlaughorfigureoutthingswhatwelikeandthetalentswepossesshowweseeandtalkandrunandjumpandprocessourfooD.Thebrainuses20percentofourbody'soxygenand20percentofitsblooD.Somewherewithinitsproteinfat100000milesofbloodvesselsand100billionnervecellsithelpsusrememberwhereweputourgymshoes.Changeourtemperaturesowedon'tdiebecauseoftheheatorcolD.Speedusuporslowusdown.Helpuschoosebetweenorangejuiceororange­flavoreddrinks.ItscomplexityisstunningfarbeyondanythingmostofuscanimaginE.TokeepthisworkofartaspolishedaspossibleweneedtoeatrightexerciseandkeepmentallystimulateD.Goodnutritionhelpsbraincellscommunicatewitheachother.Exercisestimulatesahormoneinourbrainthatimprovesmemory.MentalstimulationkeepsyousharpevenasyouagE.It'sveryimportantthatwetellpeopletobephysicallyactiveandmentallyactivesaidneurologistMalcolmStewart.Peoplecannotstopagingbutyou'reabletoreducethedamage;you'reabletokeepthefunctionup.FollowingareDr.Stewart'sadviceforimprovingbrainhealthlNutritionAvoidfastfooD.Followtheoldadage格言:Forbreakfasteatlikeaking;forlunchlikeaqueen;forsupperlikeabeggar.lExerciseDoacombinationofstretchingaerobicandmuscle­strengtheningeveryday.lMentalgamesTrytohaveasenseofhopeaboutthefuturE.Dopuzzles.ListentomusiC.Reachouttootherstomaketheirlivesbetter.54.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageisto______.A.informushowthebrainworksB.giveusadviceonhowtokeepthebrainhealthyC.tellusthatthebrainplaysanimportantroleinourlivesD.showhowspecialthebrainistous55.ThewordstunninginParagraph5means______.A.interestingB.strangeC.significantD.amazing56.Accordingtothetextmoreexercise______.A.keepsourmindsharpB.helpsimproveourmemoryC.givesourbrainarestD.isgoodforbraincellscommunicatingwitheachother57.Inordertokeepbrainhealthyweshouldavoid______.A.eatingagoodlunchB.doingpuzzlesC.eatingalargesupperD.takingaerobicexercise

Zerogravitylookscool.Butwhataboutthethingnoonelikestotalkabout?Yesthatisright:goingtobathroom.ZerogravitymakesthiseverydaytaskquiteachallengE.Astronautshavetobetoilet-trainedalloveragain.TheApolloastronautsraisedthemselvesofftheseatoftheirchairsandstuckaclearplasticbagtotheirbacksideswithstickystrips.A.secondastronautwatchedcloselytobesurenowastematterescapedtheseal.Youwouldnotwantthatstufffloatingaroundthecabin!Whenthedeedwasdonetheastronautcleanedupwithapieceofplasticattachedtotheinsideofthebagremovedthebagdroppedadisinfectantpillinwiththewastematterandputthewholethingsealedintoaspecialcontainer.DonaldW.RethkeanengineerforHamiltonStandardSpaceSystemsdevelopedamoreprivatewaytoanswernature’scall:thespacetoilet.Itissomewhatlikethekindoftoiletonewouldfindoncommercialairplanes---withuniqueadaptationsforzerogravityofcoursE.Forinstanceithasthighbarsthatkeeptheastronautfromfloatingofftheseat.Theastronautmaleorfemaledefecates排便inabagandurinates排尿inahosE.Solidandliquidwastesarekeptseparatedbecauseatleast85%oftheurineisrecycledandyesaftercarefulfiltrationusedfordrinkingandotherpurposes.WaterisalwaysindemandinspacE.A.vacuumsucksthewastematerialsintothetoiletwherethewasteiscompactedintohamburger-likepattiesforeasystoragE.Althoughnotexactlylikeanearthboundvisittothetoiletitisattheveryleastmuchmoreprivatethanintheearlydaysofspacetravel.28.Accordingtothefirstparagraphthelackofthegravitycanturnsomethingassimpleas_______intoamajorchallengE.A.eatingB.takingbathsC.sleepingD.answeringnature’scall29.HowdidastronautsusetoiletsystemsintheApollodays?A.Noneofthewastewasseparatedasitisnow.B.SolidwastewascompressedandstoredonboarD.C.Thetoiletunitsusedwatertoremovethewastethroughthesystem.D.Theastronautseachusedtheirownprivaterestroom.30.Toensuretheuserremainsseatedthetoiletcomesequippedwith_______A.aplasticbagB.astickystripC.awidehoseD.athighbar31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefactthatmostoftheastronauts’urineisrecycled?A.Therecycledwatertastesbetter.B.WaterislimitedonthespaceshuttlE.C.ItisveryconvenienttogettheirurinerecycleD.D.SpacescienceincludesrecyclingurinE.

WhileIwillexplainabitaboutthescienceofstressandrelaxationalittlelaterinthechapterasimplewaytothinkaboutitisthatourbody’sstressresponseworkslikeacaralarm.Itisdesignedtokeepussafebywarningusofthepresenceofdangerinourimmediateenvironment.Butinsteadofwarninguswithaloudandannoyingsoundourbodyalarmsystemletsusknowthatsomethingiswrongbycreatingchangesinourneurochemistry神经化学.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedpaininyourstomachperiodsofextremeangerinabilitytofocusoreveninsomnia失眠chancesareyourbodywaspayingthepriceinthosemomentsforthebrainchemistryofstress.Soifit’ssouncomfortablewhynotjustgetridofstressaltogether?Thisisnotonlyimpracticalitwouldbedangerous.Let’sgobacktothemetaphor比喻说法ofthecaralarm.IfthealarmisturnedoffaltogetherthecarisexposedtocontinualdangerwithouttherebeinganywayofyourknowingaboutituntilitistoolatE.Itwouldbelikewalkingthroughthejunglewithoutanyfearsignalinthepresenceofapoisonoussnakeorotherdangerousanimals—whileitmightfeelnicetobesorelaxedyourbodyactuallyneedsthestressresponsenotonlytoremindyouofdangerbutalsotoofferextraadrenaline肾上腺素foryourheartandextrabloodandoxygenforyourarmsandlegs.Howeverifthecaralarmgoesoffatanytimesomeonejustlooksatthecarwithabitofanatti-tudeanditbecomesequallyuseless.Notonlydowestoppayingattentiontoitbutitbeginstodriveusandeveryonearoundusbecomesalittlebitcrazy.Inthecaseofourbodieswalkingaroundinaconstantstateofalarmalsohassomeprettyalarminghealthconsequenceswhichwewillexploreingreaterdepthinthenextchapter.25.Ourbody'sstressresponseiscomparedtoacaralarminthat_.A.theyworkallthetimeB.theybothgiveasignalC.theyworkinthesamewayD.theybothproduceasound26.Whenourbodyalarmsystemworks_.A.wefeelcalmB.wefeelexcitedC.somechangeshappeninourbrainD.somechangeshappeninourheart27.Whatwouldhappenifstressweregotridofcompletely?A.We'11befreeofworries.B.We'11achieveasenseofsafety.C.We'11reachaperfectstateofminD.D.We'11failtorealizethepossibledanger.28.What’sthepurposeofgivingtheexampleofwalkingthroughtheJungleinParagraph4?A.Toshowtheharmofstress.B.Toshowtheeffectofstress.C.ToexplainthefunctionofstressresponsE.D.ToexplainthenecessityofstressresponsE.

Inthelast30yearstheMake-A-WishFoundationhasgrantednearly300000wishesworldwidetochildrenbattlinglife-threateningillnessesthrowinglightonworldsdarkenedbydiseasesandbringinghopetochildrenandtheirfamilies.Withaforeword序byMake-A-WishcofounderFrankShankwitzOnceUponAwishsharesthewishesandstoriesofeightchildren.Thesefamiliesgenerouslyinviteusintotheirworldsallowingustobecomepartoftheirdarkestmomentstheirunimaginablerealitiestheirgreatesthopesdeepestfearsandunbelievablesuccesses.ExperiencethestoryofKatelynalittlegirlbecomingamedicalmarvel奇迹afterlightingalltheoddsstackedagainstherandmakingitherlife-longgoaltoraise$3millionforSt.JudeHospital;readaboutawheelchair-boundboyGarrettgivingthegiftofmobilitytodisabledCambodianmenandwomen;cheerforalittleboyDakotawhocollectsmillionsofpennieseachyeartohelpothersfightthediseaseheoncefought.Becomeinspiredandforever-changedbythegenerosityhopecourageandoptimismofthesechildrenandtheirfamiliesandexperiencethepoweroftwowords-Iwish.OnceUponA.Wishisacelebrationofhoperevealinghowwishes-come-truecanbecomemotivatorsandcherishedgiftsthatwilllastalifetimE.Price:$9.99Wheretodownload:AvailableontheiPhoneiPadiPodtouchandMaC.Category:Biographies&MemoirsPublished:Mar052013Publisher:BenBellaBooksInC.Seller:ThePerseusBooksGroupLLCPrintLength:352PagesLanguage:English33.WecanlearnthattheMake-A-WishFoundation____.A.wassetupintheearly1990sB.wassetuptohelppoorpeopleallovertheworldC.mainlyoffersfreetreatmenttoseverelysickchildrenD.aimsathelpingseverelysickchildrenfulfilltheirwishes34.WhatisOnceUponA.Wishmainlyabout?A.Wishesandstoriesofeightchildren.B.ThehistoryoftheMake-A-WishFoundation.C.Somechildren'sexperiencesofhelpingothers.D.FrankShankwitz'spersonalexperienceswithsomechildren.35.Dakotaspendsthemoneyhecollectsinhelping____.A.tosetupSt.JudeHospitalB.peopleinfectedwithAIDSC.disabledCambodiansmovearoundD.thosewhoarefightingthesamediseaseasheoncehad

Scientistshaveknownfordecadesthathavingmeasles麻疹suppresseskids’immunesystemsforseveralweeksormonthsleavingthemill-equippedtofightoffpneumoniabronchitisandotherinfections.Nowateamofresearchershassuggestedthatthemeaslesvirusmayalsoleavealonger-lastingsortofimmune-amnesiathatmakesitharderforpeopletostaveoffotherillnessesfortwoyearsormorE.Thatre-emphasizestheimportanceofvaccination疫苗saidbiologistMichaelMinaleadauthorofapaperthatwaspublishedinthejournalScience.Theremaybealong-lastingimpactthatyoucan’tundoifyourchildgetsmeasleshesaiD.Ihopethisstudycanimpressuponpeoplethedangermeaslesposes.TheresearchersusedwhatMinacalledanunconventionalapproachtosearchforthelong-lastingimmunesystemeffects.PreviousworkinmonkeyssuggestedthatmonkeyswiththediseaselostwhitebloodcellstheirbodieshadtrainedtofightoffotherillnessesleavingthemmorelikelytobeinfecteD.Totestifasimilarthingmayoccurinhumansthegroupminedhistoricaldatatofindouttherelationshipbetweenmeaslesincidence发病率anddeathsfromotherinfectiousdiseases.TheyturnedtodatafromEnglandandWales—developednationswherediseaselevelsaregenerallylowallowingaless-confusedviewofmeasles’effects.StudyingmeaslesincidenceanddeathsfrominfectiousdiseasebothbeforeandaftertheintroductionofthemeaslesvaccineintheU.K.inthe1960sMinaandtheteamsawasortofshadoweffectwheredeathsfromavarietyofnon-measlesinfectiousdiseasescloselytrackedmeaslesincidencE.Themoremeaslesinapopulationthemoredeathsfromotherillnessesinthe28-monthperiodthatfolloweD.Reallyitdidn’tmatterwhatagegroupwhatdecadeorwhatcountrysaidMinA.Theyallshowedconsistentresultswhatwe’resuggestinghappensoverthelongtermisthatyourimmunesystemworksfinebutithasforgottenwhatitpreviouslylearneD.Someresearcherswhowerenotinvolvedintheworkquestionedwhetherthereductionsindeathsasmeaslescasesdeclinedmayhavehadmoretodowithimprovingnutritionandsmallerfamilysizethanwithprolongedimmunesuppression.Othersthoughtthepaper’sopinionofyears-longsuppressionwasseeminglyreasonablebutsaidtheycouldnotcommentonthemathematicalmodelsthegroupuseD.ToknowforcertainwhatwasbehindtheeffectthegroupsawMinaagreedscientistswouldneedtolookatimmunecellsandobservetheirbehavior.Hesaidhewouldliketopushtheworkinamoretraditionaldirection:backintothelaboratory.62.WhydidMinacalltheirresearchmethodanunconventionalapproach?A.TheirresearchwasbasedonthehistoricaldatA.B.Theirresearchcomparedmonkeyswithhumans.C.Theyonlypaidattentiontodevelopednations.D.Theydiscoveredasortofshadoweffect.63.AccordingtoMinawhatisthesignificanceoftheirresearch?A.Theywarnedpeoplethatmeaslescanresultinotherinfectiousdiseases.B.Theycarriedouttheresearchonmeaslesinanunconventionalapproach.C.Theyshowedhowdangerousmeaslesisandtheimportanceofvaccination.D.Theyfoundoutthediseaselevelsaregenerallylowindevelopednations..64.TheunderlinedphrasestaveoffinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto________.A.keepawayB.survivefromC.searchforD.turndown65.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.MeasleshasbeentheoriginofotherdiseasesanddeathsB.NewresearchconductedintomeasleshasbeenwidelyquestionedC.Studypointstoyears-longimmunesystemmisfortunesfrommeaslesD.Damagecausedbymeaslestotheimmunesystemcouldlastseveralweeks

EarlierthisyearthesocialmediawebsiteFacebookannouncedthatitwouldworkwithseveralnewsorganisations—includingTheNewYorkTimesTheGuardianandtheBBC—toplacenewsstoriesdirectlyintousers’personalFacebookwebpagE.StoriespublishedusingFacebookInstantwillloadmorequicklyandkeepthestyleoftheoriginalpublisherwhowillkeepalltheadvertisingincomethestoriesearn—atleastfornow.Thedealshowshowimportantsocialmediahasbecometonewsorganisationsandisaclearsignofhowtheworldofnewsischanging—andhasbeenforawhilE.WhenGoogleNewsbeganin2002manysawitasthedeathofthenewspaper.Ithadnohumaneditor.InsteadGoogleusedandstillusesasecretcomputerprogramthatselectsanddisplaysnewsstoriesaccordingtothereader’spersonalinterests.MorerecentlyAssociatedPressandYahoo!havebeenpunishingcomputer-writtenarticles.Bothusespecialsoftwaretoautomaticallyproducestoriesaboutcompanyfinancialresultsandsportsreports—areaswherethequalityofwritingisfelttobeofsecondaryimportancetotheaccuracyofthedatA.Shouldwebeworriedaboutsuchdevelopments?IthinkweshoulD.OneconcernisthatfacebookGoogleandothersocialmediawebsitesseejournalismasasidelineawayofputtingpeopleinfrontofadvertisements.Itisn’ttheirprimaryfunction—soifitstopsmakingthemlotsofmoneythey'relikelytostopdoingit.There’salsoaconcernthatcomputer-writtenarticlesarenotactuallyjournalismatallbecausewhatahumannewsteamproducesisactuallyquitecomplex.A.well-writtennewsstoryputsinformationincontextoffersavoicetoeachsideofanargumentandbringsthepublicnewknowledgE.Thougheconomicsandspeedofdeliverymeanreaderswillprobablychooseacomputer-writtenstoryoveracarefullyshapedarticle—atleastfordailynews—Idon'tthinkthecomputerswillbewritinganyin-deptharticlesforawhileyet.12.Whatisthemainpurposeofthearticle?A.ToreportonanewcomputerserviceofferedbyFacebook..B.Toadvisereadersagainstreadingcomputer-writtennews.C.Toexpressconcernaboutrecenttrendsinonlinenews.D.Todescribetheprocessofonlinenewsreporting.13.Computer-writtennewsreportshavesofarfocusedonsportsandfinancebecause________.A.thesearethemostpopulartopicsforonlinereadersB.therearefewerjournalistsspecialisingintheseareasC.informationonthesetopicsismoreeasilyavailableD.writingstyleislessimportantthanaccuracyintheseareas14.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordItinParagraph3referto?A.Journalism.B.Advertising.C.Facebook.D.Business.15.InParagraph4whichofthefollowingismentionedasacharacteristicofawell-writtennewsarticle?A.Theinformationpresentedisup-to-datE.B.Theauthor'sopinionisclear.C.DifferentviewsonthetopicarepresenteD.D.ThelanguageusedisviviD.

Greatwhitesharks!Justhearingthatnamemakesmanypeople’shairstandonend.Inrealitythesebigfishhavemoretofearfromusthanwedofromthem.FormanyyearspeoplekilledcountlessgreatwhitesharksinthewatersaroundtheUnitedStates.Butthankstoconservation保护effortsgreatwhitesaremakingacomebackintheU.S.Tworecentstudiesshowthatthepopulationofthesesharksisrisingalongtheeastandwestcoast.Whyisthegrowingpopulationofakillerfishsomethingtocelebrate?WhenyoufishtoomanyofthemyoustarttolosebalanceintheenvironmentsayssharkresearcherTobeyCurtis.AsthebiggestkillersharkshelpkeepthepopulationsoffishsealsandothercreaturestheyeatfromgrowingtoolargE.Inspiteoftheirimportancegreatwhitesharkshadlongbeenhuntedfortheirmeatandtheirfins鳍.Thenin1997theU.S.governmentpassedalawthatdidn’tallowthehuntingofgreatwhites.AfterwardsthenumbersofthesesharksintheU.S.watersstartedtoincreasE.Thelawwasn’ttheonlythingthathashelpedgreatwhites.Conservationistshavealsoplayedapartinthesharks’comeback.TheresearchgroupOCEARCHisusingamethodcalledtagging加标签tohelpchangepeople’sattitudesaboutgreatwhitE.Theyletthepublicfolloweachsharkasittravelstheworld’soceans.OCEARCHalsogiveseachtaggedsharkanametohelppeopleformacloserconnectionwiththebigfish.Thegroup’smostwell-knownsharkisnamedKatharinE.ShewastaggedlastyearnearCapeCodMassachusetts.SincethenthousandsofpeoplehavetrackedKatharine’smovementsonTwitterandtheOCEARCHwebsitE.Thishelpspeopleseesharksinanewway.ChrisFischerthefounderofOCEARCHbelieveslearningtoappreciategreatwhiteswillencouragepeopletodomoretoprotectthem.28.Theunderlinedpartmakesmanypeople’shairstandonendinParagraph1canbestbereplacedby______.A.worriesmanypeopleB.boresmanypeopleC.frightensmanypeopleD.interestsmanypeople29.Thelawpassedin1997______.A.seemedveryhelpfulB.letscientistsdownC.neededtobechangedD.madepeoplelikegreatwhites30.Katharine’sexampleisusedtoshowthat______.A.greatwhitesareinfactlovelyanimalsB.theOCEARCHwebsitehasalotofvisitorsC.thenumberofgreatwhitesisgrowingquicklyD.OCEARCHhelppeoplegetclosertogreatwhites31.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.A.introduceanexperimentresultB.makeanadvertisementforOCEARCHC.remindusthatbigkillersaredyingoutD.informusthatgreatwhitesaremakingacomeback

TodaymanyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.Thismeanstheyareindangerofbecomingextinctandlivingononlyinthepagesofhistorybooks.Thefamousdodoisaclassicexampleofacreaturethatbecameextinct.A.flightlessbirdthatlivedontheislandofMauritiusitwasdiscoveredbysailorsin1598butwashuntedtoextinctionby1681.HuntinghascausedtheBengaltigerandtheAfricanelephanttobeendangeredtodaybuthabitatdestructioncanalsoleadtoextinction.Thisisequallytrueforplants.Animalsandplantsdisappearforotherreasonstoobutthemaincauseisoftenadisruption打乱破坏inthenaturalfoodchainwhetherduetohuntinghabitatdestructionoreventheintroductionofalienspecies.Thenaturalfoodchainisthecyclethatgovernstheexistenceofalllifeonthisplanet.Itisacarefullybalancedcycleandanyimbalancethatoccurscancauseknock-oneffectsthathaveseriousconsequences.Atthebeginningofthenaturalfoodchainareplantswhichturnsunlightintoenergyanddrawnutrientsfromtheearth.Plantsarecalledproducers.Aftertheproducerscometheconsumers.Therearethreetiersofconsumers.Firstarecreaturessuchasplant-eatinganimalsfishandinsectswhichfeedofftheproducers.Theseanimalsthatonlyeatplantsarecalledherbivores.Thesecondtierofconsumersarecarnivores-animalsthatliveoffotheranimals.Thethirdtierofconsumerseatsbothotheranimalsandplants.Theseconsumersincludingmosthumansarecalledomnivores.Afteranimalsandplantsdietheybecomefoodforothersmallercreaturessuchasbacteriaandsomeplantssuchasfungi.Astheyfeedthesecreaturesturnthedeadbodiesbackintogasesandmineralswhichareagainfoodfortheproducersatthebeginningofthefoodchain.Andsothecyclecontinues.AllofnatureisconnectedandgovernedbyhundredsofthesedelicatefoodchainsandifasingleplantinthechaincannotsurvivethentheinsectsthatliveofftheplantstarttodieandtheanimalsthateattheinsectsalsostarttodiE.Whenafoodchainisdisruptedtheconsequencescanbeextremelyserious.Oneestimatesuggeststhatforeachplantspeciesthatislostupto30animalsandinsectsmayalsodieout.Onewondershowmanyspecieswereaffectedbytheextinctionofthedodo?Humanscanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains.We'vealreadymentionedhuntingbutnowlet'slookattravel.Whenpeoplefirststartedtoexploretheworldtheytookplantandanimalspeciesfromtheirhomecountriesandintroducedthemwherevertheywent.Theydidn'trealizethatbyintroducingalienspeciestheyweredisruptingthenaturalfoodchainsoftheareastheydiscovereD.Althoughtherearestrictrulesinplacetodaycontrollingtheimportandexportofalienspeciessomeplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensintroducedhundredsofyearsago.ForexampleGoughIslandintheSouthAtlanticOceanisabreedinggroundforalbatrossesthathavebeennestingthereforcenturies.Butinthe19thcenturymicefrompassingshipswerebroughttotheislanD.Beingaspeciesalientotheislandtheyhadnonaturalpredatorsandhavenowgrowntosuchasizethattheyareattackingandkillingalbatrosschicks.Iftheyareallowedtocontinuetheywillwipeoutthealbatrosspopulation.Withimportlawsandpeople'srisingawarenessofhowhumansaffectthenaturalenvironmenthopefullywecanlearntofitbetterintothenaturalfoodchainsthatgovernourworlD.Otherwiseweneedtoacceptthatthelossofanymoreplantsandanimalscouldeventuallymeanourownextinction.62.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytellus?A.Huntingandhabitatdestructionleadtoextinction.B.ManyspeciesofanimalsandplantsareendangereD.C.Plantsandanimalsbecomeextinctforthesamereasons.D.Themaincauseofextinctionisoftenadisruptioninthenaturalfoodchain.63.WhichofthefollowingsentenceisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictrulesalonecanremovethebadeffectsofalienspecies.B.Plantsherbivoresandcarnivoresarethethreetiersofconsumers.C.IfabirdbecomesextincttherelevantfoodchainwillbedisrupteD.D.AnimalsandplantsbecomeextinctbecausealienspeciesareimporteD.64.BymentioningthemiceinGoughIslandtheauthorintendstohighlight______.A.miceworldwidearegrowingallthetimeB.beingalienstheyhadnonaturalpredatorsC.someplacesarestillfightingtheeffectsofaliensD.travelingcanhavedisastrouseffectsonfoodchains65.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Survivalofthefittest.B.Endangeredanimalsandplants.C.Howtoprotectthenaturalenvironment.D.Thelinkbetweenfoodchainsandextinction.

AccordingtotheUSgovernmentwindfarmsoffthePacificcoastcouldproduce900gigawattsofelectricityeveryyear.Unfortunatelythewaterthereisfartoodeepforeventhetallestwindmillstotouchbottom.AnexperimentunderwayoffthecoastofNorwayhowevercouldhelpputthemanywhere.TheprojectcalledHywindistheworld’sfirstlarge-scaledeepwaterwindturbine涡轮发电机.Althoughitusesafairlystandard152-ton2.3-megawattturbineHywindrepresentstotallynewtechnology.Theturbinewillbefixed213feetabovethewateronafloatingsparatechnologyHywind’screatortheNorwegiancompanyStatoilHydrohasdevelopedrecently.Thesteelsparwhichisfilledwithstonesandgoes328feetbelowtheseasurfacewillbetiedtotheoceanfloorbythreecables;thesewillkeepthesparstableandpreventtheturbinefrommovingupanddowninthewaves.Hywind’sstabilityinthecoldandroughseawouldprovethateventhedeepestcornersoftheoceanaresuitableforwindpower.IfallgoesaccordingtotheplantheturbinewillstartproducingelectricitysixmilesoffthecoastofsouthwesternNorwayasearlyasSeptember.ToproduceelectricityonalargescaleacommercialwindfarmwillhavetousebiggerturbinesthanHywinddoesbutit’sdifficultenoughtobalancesuchalargeturbinesohighonafloatingsparinthemiddleoftheocean.Tomakethatturbineheavierthewholespar’scenterofgravitymustbemovedmuchclosertotheocean’ssurface.Todothatthecompanyplanstodesignanewkindofwindturbineonewhosegearbox变速箱sitsatsealevelratherthanbehindtheblades.Hywindisatestrunbutthebenefitsforperfectingfloatingwind-farmtechnologycouldbeextremelylarge.Outatseathewindisoftenstrongerandsteadierthanclosetoshorewhereallexistingoffshorewindmillsareplanted.Deep-seafarmsareinvisiblefromlandwhichhelpsovercomethewindmill-as-eyesoreobjection.Ifthetechnologycatchesonitwillopenupvastareasoftheplanet’ssurfacetooneofthebestlow-carbonpowersourcesavailable.1.TheHywindprojectusestotallynewtechnologytoensurethestabilityof_________.A..thecableswhichtiethespartotheoceanfloorB..thesparwhichisfloatingindeep-seawaterC..thebladesdrivenbystrongandsteadyseawindD..thestonesfilledinthesparbelowtheseasurface2.Tobalanceabiggerturbinehighonafloatingsparanewtypeofturbineistobedesignedwithitsgearboxsitting_________.A..ontheseafloorB..onthespartopC..atsealevelD..behindtheblades3.Wideapplicationsofdeepwaterwindpowertechnologycan_________.A..solvethetechnicalproblemsofdeepwaterwindmillsB..makefinancialprofitsbyproducingmoreturbinesC..settletheargumentsaboutenvironmentalproblemsD..explorelow-carbonpowerresourcesavailableatsea