It was a long week for Amanda at school. She stayed after school to work on a special project(课题) three days in a row. When she got home on Friday, she dropped into the chair with a sigh. “What’s going on, Amanda?” her dad asked as he was reading the newspaper. “I have to create a webpage for my technology class, and it is taking a lot more time than I thought it would,” Amanda answereD. Her dad looked over his newspaper and asked Amanda what the webpage was about. “It’s about the difference between newspaper news and Internet news,” Amanda said and added, “I have to provide information, examples and illustrations(插图).” “Sounds tough; do you have someone to help you?” her dad askeD. “I have a partner named Zach,” Amanda replieD. “We did research on the Internet today and found some pictures to usE.” Then Amanda explained to her father the main differences: newspaper news is printed on paper, and Internet news is published online; newspaper news is only available once a day, and Internet news is published almost as soon as the news happens; many newspapers don’t even print a daily paper, and Internet news is published around the clock. Amanda’s dad asked, “Which type of news do you like better?” “I like Internet news better because I like to learn about the news when it happens,” she answereD. Her dad said, “I still like newspaper news better because I like to hold the paper in my hands and turn the pages.” Amanda dropped into her chair again and said, “You are so old school, DaD.” 24. Why did Amanda sigh when she came home? A. She failed to pass the exam. B. She was tired of school lifE. C. She was worried about her school project. D. She made a mistake in her technology class. 25. What did Amanda’s father think of her work on creating a webpage for her technology class? A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Interesting. D. Difficult. 26. Which of the following may Amanda agree with? A. People should pay for Internet news. B. Newspaper news will soon disappear. C. Internet news is given to readers in good timE. D. It is wrong to say no to newspaper news. 27. What kind of person is Amanda’s father? A. He is a man who misses the past. B. He is a man who cares little about news. C. He is a man who knows the computer well. D. He is a man who cannot live without the Internet.

Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys'?Theanswerdependslargelyonculturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptiansgreenwasacolorthatrepresentedthehopeandjoyofspringwhileforMuslimsitmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.InChinachildrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynationsblueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotectthemselvesagainstevils灾祸.People'schoiceofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies'reactionstowardthem.Greenissaidtobethemostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentallyandphysically.Peoplewhoworkingreenenvironmentshavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson'sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople'sappetites食欲.Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.SimilarlymanycommercialwebsiteswillhavearedBuyNowbuttonbecauseredisacolorthateasilycatches吸引aperson'seyE.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.UnlikeredbluecancausepeopletoloseappetitE.Soifyouwanttoeatlesssomesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.Thenexttimeyouaredecidingonwhattowearorwhatcolortodecorateyourroomthinkaboutthecolorcarefully.20.Muslimsconsidergreenasasymbolofheavenmainlybecauseoftheir.A.culturalvaluesB.commercialpurposesC.personalexperiencesD.physicalreactionstothecolor21.Whywillmanycommercialwebsiteshavearedbuynowbutton?A.Torelaxpeoplephysically.B.Toincreasepeople'sappetites.C.Toencouragepeopletomakeapurchase购买.D.Tocauseaperson'sbloodpressuretorisE.22.Whatcolormighthelploseweightaccordingtothetext?A.RedB.Green.C.BluE.D.PurplE.23.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostpropertitleforthetext?A.ColorsandHumanBeingsB.TheCulturalMeaningofColorC.ColorsandPersonalExperiencesD.TheMeaningandFunctionofColor

Ifyouareafruitgrower—orwouldliketobecomeone—takeadvantageofAppleDaytoseewhat’sarounD.It’scalledAppleDaybutinpracticeit’smorelikeAppleMonth.ThedayitselfisonOctober21butsinceithascaughtoneventsnowspreadoutovermostofOctoberaroundBritain.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetoseeandoftentasteawidevarietyofapples.TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarketsitcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistencesuchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.Althoughitdoesn’ttasteofanythingspecialit’sstillworthatryasistheknobbly多疙瘩的Cat’sHeadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelsE.Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinettebutyou’llneedawarmshelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowitsoit’sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit.Attheeventsyoucanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditionsandbecausethesearefamilyaffairschildrenarewellcateredforwithapple-themedfunandgames.AppleDaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruitincludingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards果园.IfyouwanttohavearealorchardexperiencetryvisitingtheNationalFruitCollectionatBrogdalenearFavershaminKent.28.Whatcanpeopledoattheappleevents?A.Attendexperts’lectures.B.Visitfruit-lovingfamilies.C.PlantfruittreesinanorcharD.D.Tastemanykindsofapples.29.WhatcanwelearnaboutDecio?A.Itisanewvariety.B.Ithasastrangelook.C.Itisrarelyseennow.D.IthasaspecialtastE.30.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseapipedreaminParagraph3mean?A.A.practicalideA.B.A.vainhopE.C.Abrilliantplan.D.A.selfishdesirE.31.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhowtogrowapples.B.Tointroduceanapplefestival.C.Tohelppeopleselectapples.D.Topromoteappleresearch.

ThequalityofdrinkingwaterinShanghaiwillmeetEuropeanUnionstandardby2010andadecadelatercitizensinShanghaiwilldrinkthebestwaterintheworlD.ThesearethegoalssetoutbytheShanghaiWaterAuthority.Withthecity’spopulationexpectedtoincreaseonlyslightlyandtheeconomytoboomby2020ChenYinandofficialwiththewaterauthoritysaidShanghai’swaterconsumptionwillnotincreasefromitspresentamount.ZhangYuedirectoroftheUrbanConstructionDivisionundertheMinistryofConstructionsaidShanghaiisthefirstcityinthecountrytopublicizetheseambitions.TheywillnotbeeasytoachievE.HesaidwatersavingwillhelpkeepthesustainabledevelopmentofChina’seconomy.Savingonecubicmeterofwatermeanssavingthecity’sinfrastructure基础设施costsby10000Yuan.LastyearShanghaisaved300millioncubicmetersofwatereitherfromreadjustmentofindustrialstructureortheemploymentofnewtechnology.TheaimistoarousepublicawarenessoftheseriousnessofwatershortagesChensaiD.Theabundantsurfacewaterandamountofrainofthecityaresomisleadingthattheyresultinimproperuseofwater.Shanghailacksdrinkablewater.TheHuangpuRiverwhichsupplies80percentofthecity’sdrinkablewaterisnearingexhaustion.ThecitythereforehasbeenexploringnewsourcesfromtheYangtzeRiverandgrowingforestsalongittoconservequalitywater.BesidespenningregulationstheauthorityispopularizingtechnologyamongthepublictoefficientlycuttheamountofwateruseD.Atpresentthecityhas600000familytoiletseachusing13litersofwaterperflush.Thesearetoberenovated整修touseonly9litersofwaterperflush.Theauthorityisrenovatingthefirst200toiletsforhouseholds–atacostof40Yuaneach.Inthreeyearsallthetoiletswillberenovatedwhichsavesthecitynearly15millionYuaneveryyearinwaterconservation.Anothertaskthecityisengagedinisthetreatmentofsewage污水toimprovethewaterenvironment.Atpresentthecitycanonlytreat44percentofitsdaily5.04milliontonsofwastewater.Tomeetthetotaldemand27moresewagetreatmentfactoriesaretobeestablishedwithanestimatedinvestmentof18billionYuan.13.Theauthorityisrenovatingthefirst200toiletsforhouseholdsto.A.makepeople’slivingmoreconvenientB.improvepeople’slivingstandardsC.easeemploymentpressureD.meetthetotaldemandofwater14.Whichgroupofmeasuresareallmentionedinthepassagetosavewater?a.improvedrinkingwaterqualityb.changesomeindustrialstructurec.introduceorusesomenewtechnologyd.speedtheeconomicdevelopmentofShanghaie.renovatesomefamilytoiletsf.buildmoresewagetreatmentfactoriesA.abcdB.bcefC.bcdeD.abef15.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.A.theboomofeconomywillneedalargeramountofwaterinthefutureB.citizenstodayinShanghaidrinkthebestqualityofwaterintheworldC.noteveryonetodayinShanghaiisawareofwatershortageD.allthefamilytoiletswillberenovatedtosavewaterwithin3years

Weallknowwhatabrainis.A.doctorwilltellyouthatthebrainistheorganofthebodyintheheaD.Itcontrolsourbody’sfunctionsmovementsemotionsandthoughts.ButabraincanmeansomuchmorE.Abraincanalsosimplybeasmartperson.Ifapersoniscalledbrainysheissmartandintelligent.IfafamilyhasmanychildrenbutoneofthemissupersmartyoucouldsayShe’sthebrainsinthefamily.Andifyouarethebrainsbehindsomethingyouareresponsiblefordevelopingororganizingit.ForexampleBillGatesisthebrainsbehindMicrosoft.BraintrustisagroupofexpertswhogiveadvicE.WordexpertssaythephrasebraintrustbecamepopularwhenFranklinD.Rooseveltfirstranforpresidentin1932.SeveralprofessorsgavehimadviceonsocialandpoliticalissuesfacingtheU.S.Theseprofessorswerecalledhisbraintrust.ThesewaysweusethewordbrainallmakesensE.ButotherwaysweusethewordarenotsoeasytounderstanD.Forexampletounderstandthenextbrainexpressionyoufirstneedtoknowtheworddrain.Asaverbtodrainmeanstoremovesomethingbylettingitflowaway.Soabraindrainmaysoundlikeadiseasewherethebrainflowsouttheears.Butabraindrainiswhenacountry’smosteducatedpeopleleavetheircountriestoliveinanother.Thebrainsaresortofdrainingoutofthecountry.Howeverifpeopleareresponsibleforagreatideayoucouldsaytheybrainstormedit.Herebrainstormisnotanactofweather.ItisaprocessofthinkingcreativelyaboutacomplextopiC.Forexamplebusinessleadersmayusebrainstormingtocreatenewproductsandgovernmentleadersmaybrainstormtosolveproblems.Ifpeoplearebrainwasheditdoesnotmeantheirbrainsareniceandclean.Tobrainwashmeanstomakesomeoneacceptnewbeliefsbyusingrepeatedpressureinaforcefulortrickyway.Keepinmindthatbrainwashisneverusedinapositiveway.28.WhydidRooseveltsuccessfullywintheelectionaccordingtothepassage?A.Becausewordexpertswerepopular.B.Becausehegothisbraintrust.C.BecausehewassmartatgivingadvicE.D.BecausehewasthebrainsbehindAmericans.29.Accordingtothetextifyou’retheCEOofBaiDuyoucanbecalled_______.A.theorganofBaiDuB.thebraindrainofBaiDuC.thebrainsbehindBaiDuD.BaiDu’sbraintrust30.Whichofthefollowingexpressionsisalwaysusedinanegativeway?A.BrainstormB.BraintrustC.BrainwashD.Braindrain31.What’sthemainideaofthisarticleA.Theoriginofthewordbrain.B.Thewordbrainanditsstories.C.Whatisthebrain.D.Thedifferencebetweenbraintrustandbrainwash.

WomenwhoowncatsaremorelikelytohavementalhealthproblemsandkillthemselvesbecausetheycanbeinfectedbyacommonparasitethatcanbecaughtfromcatlitterastudyhasfounD.ResearchersfoundwomeninfectedwiththeToxoplasmagondiiT.gondiiparasite刚地弓形虫whichisspreadthroughcontactwithcatwasteoreatingundercookedmeatorunwashedvegetablesareatincreasedriskofattemptingsuicidE.Thestudyinvolvedmorethan45000womeninDenmark.Aboutathirdoftheworld'spopulationisinfectedwiththeparasitewhichhidesincellsinthebrainandmusclesoftenwithoutproducingsymptoms.Theinfectionwhichiscalledtoxoplasmosis弓形虫病hasbeenlinkedtomentalillnesssuchasschizophrenia精神分裂症andchangesinbehavior.Thestudy'sseniorauthorDoctorTeodorPostolacheanassociateprofessorofpsychiatry精神病学attheUniversityofMarylandSchoolofMedicineintheUnitedStatessaidWecan'tsaywithcertaintythatT.gondiicausedthewomentotrytokillthemselvesbutwedidfindapredictiveassociationbetweentheinfectionandsuicideattemptslaterinlifethatdeservesadditionalstudies.DoctorAlbertReecevicepresidentofmedicalaffairsattheUniversityofMarylandsaidT.gondiiinfectionisamajorpublichealthproblemaroundtheworldandmanypeopledon'trealizethey'reinfecteD.DrPostolacheisaleadingexpertonsuicideneuroimmunology神经免疫学.SuicideisacriticallyimportantmentalhealthissuE.Aboutonemillionpeoplecommitsuicideandanother10millionattemptsuicideworldwideeachyear.WehopethatthistypeofresearchwillonedayhelpusfindwaystosavemanylivesthatnowendtooearlyinsuicidE.Dr.Postolache'sresearchteamattheUniversityofMarylandwasthefirsttoreportaconnectionbetweenT.gondiiandsuicidalbehaviorin2009.HeiscooperatingwithresearchersinDenmarkGermanyandSwedentoconfirmandinvestigatethewayleadingtothisassociation.TheT.gondiiparasitethrivesintheintestinesofcatsanditisspreadthroughtheirwastE.Allwarm-bloodedanimalscanbecomeinfectedthroughcontactwithit.Humanscanbecomeinfectedbychangingtheirinfectedcats'litterboxeseatingunwashedvegetablesdrinkingwaterfromapollutedsourceorbyeatingundercookedorrawmeat.Notwashingkitchenknivesafterpreparingrawmeatbeforehandlinganotherfooditemalsocanleadtoinfection.Pregnantwomencanpasstheparasitedirectlytotheirunbornbabiesandareadvisednottochangecatlitterboxestoavoidpossibleinfection.Babiesdon'tproduceantibodiestoT.gondiiforthreemonthsaftertheyarebornsotheantibodiespresentintheirbloodrepresentedinfectioninthemothers.ThescientistsstudiedDanishhealthpatientstodetermineifanyofthesewomenlaterattemptedsuicideincludingcasesofviolentsuicideattemptswhichmayhaveinvolvedgunssharpinstrumentsandjumpingfromhighplaces.ThestudyfoundthatwomeninfectedwithT.gondiiwereoneandahalftimesmorelikelytoattemptsuicidecomparedtothosewhowerenotinfectedandtheriskseemedtorisewithincreasinglevelsoftheT.gondiiantibodies.DrPostolachenotedlimitationstothestudysuchastheinabilitytodeterminethecauseofthesuicidalbehavior.ThefindingswerepublishedonlineintheArchivesofGeneralPsychiatry.50.Theobjectsoftheresearcharewomenfrom_____.A.DemarkB.theUSAC.GermanyD.Sweden51.Thecommonwaywhichismorelikelytobeinfectedwiththediseaseis_____.A.toeatunwashedvegetablesorundercookedmeatB.tocleanaplacewhereacatoncelivedforatimeC.topasstheinfectiontoherunbornbabyduringawoman'spregnancyD.toreusekitchentoolswhichhavebeenusedtocutrawmeat52.Whatistheconsequenceifawomanisinfectedwiththeparasiteinthepassage?A.Havingahighfever.B.Doingdeliberateself-harm.C.KeepingadepressedmooD.D.BecomingbadtempereD.53.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Womenhaveahigherrisktobeinfectedbytheparasitethanmen.B.TheresultoftheresearchmayhelpthescientiststofindwaystostopsuicideinadvancE.C.Thescientistswillcontinuetheirresearchintothepossibleconnection.D.Theriskofbeinginfectedseemstorisewiththedecreasinglevelsoftheantibodies.54.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldprobablybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whyarewomenmorelikelytocommitsuicide?B.Womenshouldkeepawayfromcats.C.Waysfoundtodealwithwomen'smentalproblems.D.Arewomenwhoowncatsatasuiciderisk?

Astheworld’slargestterrestrialcarnivore陆地食肉动物thepolarbearisthekingofthegreatwhitenorth.Adultmalescanmeasuremorethan9feetinlengthandweighbetween770and1430pounds.Thepolarbearhasastrongbodywhiletheirheadsarenarrowwithsmallroundedears.PolarbearscanbefoundinnorthernCanadaGreenlandNorwayandRussiaandtherehavebeenreportsthatpolarbeartrackshavebeenfoundasfarnorthastheNorthPolE.The5000000-square-milerangeofthepolarbearcirclestheArcticandcontainspiecesofopenwaterwheresealsareeasilycaught.PolarbearsliveontheannualArcticseaicethatprovidesaplatformfromwhichtheycanhunt.TheyhuntsealsontheseaicebybreakingintosealdensintheseaicE.Thedensaren’tvisiblefromabovebutseeingislessimportantthansmellingtoapolarbear----withtheirsharpsenseofsmellpolarbearscansensethebreathingholesofsealsintheirdensbeneaththesnowandicE.AsthesouthernedgeoftheArcticicecapmeltsinsummerpolarbearsareforcedtostayonlandandspendtheirsummersfasting禁食livingoffbodyfatstoredfromhuntinginspringandwinter.Withabout22000polarbearslivinginthewildthespeciesisnotendangeredatthemomentbutitsfutureisfarfromcertain.Climatechangeiscausingthedisappearanceofseaicefromwhichpolarbearshuntseals.SeaiceintheArcticismeltingearlierandforminglatereachyear.Peoplehavereachedanagreementthatcontrolsthehuntingofpolarbearsanddirectseachnationtoprotecttheirhabitatsbutitdoesnotprotectthebearsagainstthebiggestman-madethreattotheirsurvival:globalwarming.Ifcurrentwarmingtrendscontinuescientistsbelievethatpolarbearsmaydisappearwithin100years.4.Polarbearssearchfrosealsmainlythroughtheir________.A.eyesB.earsC.nosesD.necks5.Theunderlinedworddensinparagraph3mostprobablymeans_______.A.theskinofthewildanimalsB.thehomeofwildanimalsC.thebreathingholeofsealsD.waterofthedeepsea6.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.A.polarbearmeasuresatleast9feetlong.B.PolarbearscanbefoundinboththeNorthPoleandtheSouthpolE.C.PolarbearsstophuntinginsummerbecausesealsarehiddenatthattimE.D.PolarbearsmaydieoutasaresultofclimatechangE.

Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindangerbutwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving铺砌aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.A.majorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.ItcomesfromundergrounD.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepavethelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages短缺.Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts干旱thanareaswithmorerainfallbutinanycasegoodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds.Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifferencetoo.IntheUnitedStatesafamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolivebutthere'salotwecandotolowerthenumber.YoucantakestepstosavewaterinyourhomE.Tostartwithusethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher洗碗机onlywhenitisfull.HelpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhomE.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.8.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?A.Usingriverwater.B.Pavingparkinglots.C.Throwingbatteriesaway.D.Throwingrubbishintolakes.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds.B.Allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior.C.ThereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysizE.D.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.10.Thelastparagraphisintendedto________.A.showushowtofixleaksathomeB.tellushowtorunadishwasherC.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathomeD.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforus11.Thetextismainlyabout________.A.whypavingroadsreducesourwaterB.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupplyC.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimatesD.howmuchwedependonwatertolive

ThelateststudybytheUniversityofFloridahasfoundthateatingfromsmallerlessbeautifulandevenpaperplateswillhelppreventovereating.Eatingwithaforkinsteadofaspooncanhelpyouloseweighttheresearcherssay.Muchtotheirsurprisetheyfindthatputtingmirrorsinthediningroomwillalsohelpreduceweight.Theresearchersasked185collegestudentstochooseachocolatecakeorafruitsaladandevaluatedthetastE.Thosewhoateinaroomwithamirrorscoredthetasteofjunkfoodmuchlowerthanthoseinaroomwithoutamirror.ButthetasteoffruitsaladremainedthesameinanycasE.LeadscientistDr.AtaJamisaysthataglanceinthemirrortellspeoplemorethanjustabouttheirphysicalappearancE.Itenablesthemtoviewthemselvesobjectively客观地andhelpsthemtojudgethemselvesandtheirbehaviorinthesamewaythattheyjudgeotherpeoplE.Themirrorswerefoundtopushpeopletocompareandmatchtheirownbehaviorwithacceptedsocialstandards.Theresearchersbelieveitprovesthatpeopledon’twanttolookinthemirrorwhentheyfeeltheyarefollowingthesocialstandards.WhentheylookinthemirrorwithmouthsfullofjunkfoodfeelingsofdiscomfortandfailurecanbeincreaseD.ThereforethepresenceofthemirrorlowersthetasteofunhealthyfooD.HoweverresearcherssaythisisonlythecaseifpeopleselectthefoodtheyareeatingbecausetheyareresponsibleforthatchoicE.Theresearcherssuggestthatmirrorsbeplacedindiningroomsandothereatingspacessothatpeoplewillstarteatingmorehealthily.32.Researchersareamazedtofindthat______.A.paperplatesmakefoodlooknicerB.peopleusingaforkwilleatmoreC.mirrorscanhelppeopleloseweightD.peoplewilleatmoreinfrontofamirror33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthestudy?A.Someteenagersgotinvolvedinit.B.Peoplewererequiredtoeatwithaspoon.C.PeoplepreferredachocolatecaketoafruitsalaD.D.ThemirrormaynotaffectthetasteofhealthyfooD.34.AccordingtoDr.AtaJamithemirror______.A.makespeoplejudgeotherscorrectlyB.makespeoplewelljudgethemselvesC.isanecessarypartofpeople’sdailylifeD.canonlyshowtheappearanceofaperson35.Howdoesthemirroraffectthetasteofjunkfood?A.Bymakingpeoplehungry.B.Byshowingthesocialstandards.C.ByattractingpeopletohealthyfooD.D.Bycausingafeelingofdiscomfort.

Cosmetic整形surgeryisusuallyperformedtocorrectaphysicalabnormalityortoenhanceanotherwisenormalphysicalfeatureandthusimproveappearancE.CosmeticsurgeryisanextremelybroadfieldthatmayofferreconstructivesurgeryforapatientafteradamagingburnorotherphysicalinjuriesyetcanalsobeusedtosmoothoutwrinklesorreshapeanosE.CosmeticsurgerywasfirstusedregularlyafterWorldWarIwhentreatmentandreconstructionofwarinjuriesgavehopetoyoungsoldiers.Asrecentlyasfiftyyearsagoastherichandfamousbeganoptingforelectivecosmeticsurgerythesubjectwaswhisperedaboutandconsideredtaboo.Celebrities名人woulddisappearformonthsandthenappearaftersecretcosmeticsurgerylookingyoungerprettierandthinner.Overtimecosmeticsurgeryhasbecomeacceptedandevenencouragedinsomecircles.Todaythereareeventelevisionrealityshowsaboutit.Someofthemorepopularformsofcosmeticsurgeryareliposuction抽脂术inwhichexcessivefatissuckedoutofthebodywithatubeandvacuumdevice;laserfacialresurfacingwhichsmoothslinesonthefacearoundtheeyesandmouthandeliminatesfacialblemishes瑕疵;andhairreplacementsurgerywhichfillsinbaldingareasusingapatient'sownhair.TherearemanymoreformsofcosmeticsurgeryincludingvariationsofthesE.Anyoneinterestedincosmeticsurgeryshouldconsidertherisksandrememberthatitisultimatelysurgery.Notallprocedurescomeoutexactlythewaydoctorsandpatientsforeseeandrecoveryisjustlikeanyothersurgerycompletewithpainandthepossibilityofinfection感染.Whilecosmeticsurgeryisanoptionpatientsshouldchoosedoctorswiselyobtainseveralreferencesandkeeprealisticexpectations.25.Whichkindofpersondoesn'tneedacosmeticsurgery?A.A.personwhosuffersadamagingburn.B.A.personwhowantstoreshapenosE.C.A.personwhoneedstosmoothoutwrinkles.D.A.personwhowishestogetridofheadachE.26.Whatisthemainreasonforacelebrity'soptingforcosmeticsurgery?A.Thecelebritywantstodisappearformonths.B.Thecelebritywatchestelevisionshowsaboutcosmeticsurgery.C.Thecelebritywantstobeyoungerprettierandthinner.D.ThecelebrityisacceptedbytheentertainmentcirclE.27.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theformsofcosmeticsurgery.B.Thedefinitionofcosmeticsurgery.C.Theeffectsofcosmeticsurgery.D.Theadvantagesofcosmeticsurgery.28.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscosmeticsurgery?A.Cautious.B.PositivE.C.NegativE.D.Doubtful.

ThevalleyknownasSleepyHollowhidesfromtheworldinthehighhillsofNewYorkstatE.Therearemanystoriestoldaboutthequietvalley.Butthestorythatpeoplebelievemostisaboutamanwhoridesahorseatnight.ThestorysaysthemandiedmanyyearsagoduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.Hisheadwasshotoff.EverynightherisesfromhisburialplacejumpsonhishorseandridesthroughthevalleylookingforhislostheaD.NearSleepyHollowisavillagecalledTarryTown.ItwassettledmanyyearsagobypeoplefromHollanD.Thevillagehadasmallschool.AndoneteachernamedIchabodCranE.IchabodCranewasagoodnameforhimbecausehelookedlikeatallbirdacranE.HewastallandthinlikeacranE.Hisshouldersweresmalljoinedtwolongarms.Hisheadwassmalltooandflatontop.HehadbigearslargeglassygreeneyesandalongnosE.Ichaboddidnotmakemuchmoneyasateacher.Andalthoughhewastallandthinheatelikeafatman.Tohelphimpayforhisfoodheearnedextramoneyteachingyoungpeopletosing.EverySundayafterchurchIchabodtaughtsinging.AmongtheladiesIchabodtaughtwasoneKatrinaVanTassel.ShewastheonlydaughterofarichDutchfarmer.ShewasagirlinbloommuchlikearoundredrosyapplE.IchabodhadasoftandfoolishheartfortheladiesandsoonfoundhimselfinterestedinMissVanTassel.Ichabod'seyesopenedwidewhenhesawtherichesofKatrina'sfarm:themilesofappletreesandwheatfieldsandhundredsoffatfarmanimals.HesawhimselfasmasteroftheVanTasselfarmwithKatrinaashiswifE.ButthereweremanyproblemsblockingtheroadtoKatrina'sheart.OnewasastrongyoungmannamedBromVanBrunt.Bromwasaherotoalltheyoungladies.Hisshoulderswerebig.HisbackwaswidE.Andhishairwasshortandcurly.HealwayswonthehorseracesinTarryTownandearnedmanyprizes.BromwasneverseenwithoutahorsE.SuchwastheenemyIchabodhadtodefeatforKatrina'sheart.59.Thefirstparagraphservesas_______.A.exampleB.explanationC.introductionD.comment60.HowcouldIchahodaffordhisfood?A.HehadahighsalaryB.HisparentsandfriendshelpedhimC.HesavedalotD.Heearnedextramoneyteachingyoungpeopletosing.61.Accordingtothestorywhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.IchahodwasthemasteroftheVanTasselfarm.B.IchahodwasKatrina’shusbanD.C.IchahodtriedtowinKatrina’sheart.D.BromVanBrunttreatedIchahodashisenemy.62.Whatwillprobablyhappennextaccordingtothestory?A.Ichahodlostheartandwasreducedtoadrunkard酒鬼.B.IchahodtriedeverymeansandfinallywonKatrina’sheart.C.Ichahodfinallywonalotofwomen’sloveandgaveupKatrinA.D.BromVanBruntwonKatrina’sheartandhereaftermarriedKatrinA.

ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobilE.ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdevelopedtheworld'sfirstautomobilE.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionlinethatmovedacar'spartstotheworkerinsteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrueeither.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeForD.WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter.AndhemadethewholefactoryamovingproductionlinE.Intheearlydaysoftheautomobilealmosteverycarmakerracedhiscars.ItwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnoticE.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford'smostfamousracewashisfirstonE.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecarhimself.Theracewasin1901atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadenteredbutonlytwowereleft:theWintonandForD.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeeD.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.TheWintontookanearlyleaD.Buthalfwaythroughtheraceitbegantolosepower.Fordstartedtogain.AndneartheendoftheracehetooktheleaD.FordwontheraceanddefeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell­knownallovertheUnitedStates.WithinweeksoftheraceHenryFordformedanewautomobilecompany.In1903adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.ThatsalewasthebeginningofHenryFord'sdream.Fordsaid:IwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeoplE.Itwillbelargeenoughforthefamilybutsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcarefor.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.ItwillbebuiltbythebestmentobeemployeD.AnditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodernengineeringcanproducE.ItwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownonE.TheModelTwasacarofthatkinD.Itonlycost$850.Itwasasimplemachinethatdriverscoulddependon.DoctorsboughttheModelT.Sodidfarmers.Evencriminals.Theyconsidereditthefastestandsurestformoftransportation.AmericanslovedtheModelT.Theywrotestoriesandsongsaboutit.ThousandsofModelT'swerebuiltinthefirstfewyears.21.WhatdoweknowaboutHenryFordfromParagraph1?A.Hemadegooduseofideasfromothers.B.HeproducedthefirstcarintheworlD.C.Heknewhowtoimproveautoparts.D.HeinventedtheproductionlinE.22.WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carrace?A.Toshowoffhisdrivingskills.B.Todrawpublicattention.C.Tolearnaboutnewtechnology.D.Toraisemoneyforhisnewcompany.23.WhatwasHenryFord'sdreamaccordingtothetext?A.Producingcarsforaveragecustomers.B.Buildingracingcarsofsimpledesign.C.Designingmorecarmodels.D.Startingmorecompanies.

Thefactthattreesarevitaltoourlifeisnosecret.Theyprovideuswithfoodwoodandmostimportantlyoxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingyoucanaddtothislist-blockingoutharmfulbacteriafromwater.ThediscoverywaspointedoutbyateammadeupofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyMITandhighschoolstudentwhowereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesindevelopingcountriesthatarenotequippedwithmodernwatersystems.TheresearchersledbyRohitKarnikaprofessoratMITdecidedtoturntotreesforhelpbecausetheyallowliquidtoflowthroughwhileblockingoutairbubbles.Theybeganbycutting1.5-inch-widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetreE.Theresearchersthentestedthewood'sfilteringabilitybypouringwatercontainingreddyeparticles粒子ofdifferentsizesthrough.Totheirastonishmenttheyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingalltheparticles.EncouragedtheteamconductedanotherexperimentthistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteriA.Sureenoughthesapwood边材heldback99%ofthebacteriaallowingonly1%toflowthrough.Mr.Karniksaysthatthebarkwasabletofilterwatercontainingmuchsmallerparticles.Thismeansthatbarkscanbeusedtogetridofamajorityofbacteriasincemostareatleast10timesaswidE.Howeverwhattroublesthemisthattreebarksaren’tblockingoutviruseswhichtendtobemuchsmaller.Alsowhilethepinesapwoodiseffectivewemustrememberonething—itonlyworkswhenitismoist.Thismeansthatbeforethisnaturalfiltercanbeputtopracticalusetheresearcherswillhavetofigureouthowtokeepthewooddamporfindawaytokeepthebark'sgreatfilteringcapabilityevenwhenit'sdry!Buttheteamisnotdoneyet.Theyplanontestingothertypesofsapwoodincludingthosefromfloweringtreeswhichhavesmallerpores气孔.Theythinkthatthesemaybemoreeffectiveintrappingsmallerparticlesandevenviruses32.Howcouldthescientists’discoveryabouttreesaffectsomedevelopingcountries?A.MorepinetreeswillbeplanteD.B.Bacteriawillberemovedfromwater.C.Peoplewon’tworryaboutwaterpollution.D.CleanwaterwillbecomemoreaccessiblE.33.Intheexperimentstheresearchers________.A.foundtreebarkscan’tgetridofvirusesB.usedwatercontainingparticlesofsimilarsizeC.weresurprisedtreebarksremoveallthebacteriaD.madesuremostparticleswerebiggerthanbacteria24.Theunderlinedwordmoistinthepassageprobablymeans________.A.hotB.coldC.dryD.wet35.Theteamisgoingtoconductotherexperimentsto________.A.searchformorekindsofwoodbarksB.findawaytokeepthewooddampC.improvethefilteringabilityoftreesD.testthefilteringabilityofothertrees

BearsandhumanoftenmeetinNationalPark.Althoughcampersandhikersarewarnednottofeedthebearsmanypeopleignorethesewarningsandfeedthebearsanyway.Whenbearsareusedtopeople’sfoodproblemssoonarisE.Bearsliketoeatalargevarietyofthingsbothmeatandvegetables.Withouthumanassistancebearslivenicelyonrootstwigsleavesoftreesinsectsandsmallanimals.Withpeoplearoundbears’tastesquicklyexpandtoincludesandwicheshotdogshamburgersandanythingelsetheycantempthumansintogivingup.Bearsoftendevelopcleverstrategiesfoegettingpeopletoletgotheirfoodsupplies.Moreoftenthannotanunsuspectinghikerhastakenoffhisorherpackforarestonlytofindabearrushoutofthewoodsgrabthepackandquicklydisappearintotheunderbrushwithit.Hangingthepackonatreebranchwon’thelp.Bearshavebeenknowntoclimbupjumpoffandcatchthepackonthewaydown.OnemotherbearstretchesupwithherbabyonhershoulderstoreachapackstoredonapolE.Manybearsthreatenpeopleintogivinguptheirsupplies.Althoughabearisunlikelytoattackapersonandwouldprobablyrunawayifscreamedatfewpeoplearewillingtodoso.Mostpeopledropthepackandruntheotherway.Thisofcoursedelightsthebear.InsomeplacestheParkServiceinstalledsomemetalbarrelswithlidstohelpcamperskeeptheirsuppliessafefrombears.Althoughthebearswereunabletoopenthesecontainerstheeffortwaslessthansuccessful.MostcampersunabletotellthemetaldrumsfromrubbishcansneverusedthemfortheintendedpurposE.56.Ifpeoplehadneverfedbearsthebears______A.mightbesatisfiedwithwhattheyhadoriginallyB.wouldhavestarvedlongbeforeC.wouldn’thaveenoughfoodsupplyD.wouldhavehuntedforotherkindsoffoods57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Iffedonsandwichesandhotdogsthebearswouldnolongereatrootstwigsandinsects.B.It’slikelythatbearswouldhurtpeopleifthepeopledidn’tgiveuptheirfoodC.MostpeoplewouldfrightenawaythebearsthatwouldtempttheirfooD.D.Seeingapackthebearwouldquicklysnatchitandrunawaywithit.58.Bear-proofcontainersdidn’tworkbecause______A.bearswerecleverenoughtogetthefoodinthem.B.theywereleftopenintheopenairC.peoplewerenotsureoftheiruseD.theywereonceusedasrubbishcans

Thenumberofpeoplehidingtheiridentitywhilesurfingthewebhasriseninthepastyear.ResearchshowsthatthelevelofencryptedinternetactivityhasrisendramaticallyacrosstheworldsuggestingthatmillionsofpeoplehavebeguntousesoftwarethathideswhotheyarewhileaccessingtheweB.AccordingtoSandvinethetechnologynetworkingcompanyhiddeninternettrafficinpeakhoursinEuropehasbeenupto6.1percentofallwebactivitiescomparedwithabout1.5percentayearearlier.InNorthAmericaencryptedtrafficwentupto3.8percentfrom2.3percentayearearlierwhileinLatinAmericaitjumpedtoalmost10.4percentfrom1.8percent.Expertssaidthatthechangesinonlinebehaviorweretheresultofexposure曝光aboutwidespreadinternetspyingbyintelligenceagenciessuchasthatexposedbyEdwardSnowdentheUSNationalSecurityAgencywhistleblower.ItwillbeinterestingtoseehowthesetrendsdevelopsaidErnestoVanderSarthepen-nameusedbytheeditor-in-chiefofTorrentfreak.comthewebsitethatfirstreportedthefigures.Inanycaseit’sclearthatinternetservicesandtheirusersarebecomingmoreawareoftheirprivacyonlinewhichisgenerallyagooddevelopment.LastweekSirTimBerners-LeetheBritishinventorofthewebdefendedtherightofagenciestospyontheinternetforlawenforcement强制实施.HesaidWehavetofigureouthowtobalancethatagainstrights.6.ThewordencryptedinParagraphTwohastheclosestmeaningwith______.A.falseB.hiddenC.cheatingD.changed7.Whichareahasseenthelargestriseinencryptedinternetactivity?A.EuropE.B.NorthAmericA.C.LatinAmericA.D.EasternAsiA.8.Whydomorepeoplehidetheiridentitywhilesurfingtheweb?A.Tocheatothers.B.Tohavemorefun.C.Tofollowthefashion.D.Topreventtheirprivacybeingspiedon.9.What’sSirTimBerners-Lee’sopiniononsomeagencies’spyingontheinternet?A.It’sillegal.B.It’stotallyright.C.It’sagainsthumanrights.D.It’sacceptabletosomedegreE.

Hippos河马havealwaysattractedpeople'sinterest.ModernhipposinWaltDisneymoviescandancelightly.A.stonehippoina13th-centurychurchinFrancehaswings.AndinancientEgyptianfairytalesthehippowasagoddessthatguidedthedeadtotheafterworlD.Despitetheirpopularappealhipposaswellasotheranimalshavedifficultywhentheirneedsconflictwiththoseofhumans.TheearlyEgyptianslikedtohunthipposfortheirteethandbecausetheyweredangerousanimals.Amulets护身符toprotectbabiesfromdemons恶魔weremadefromhippobones.About4000yearsagothereweresomanyhipposinEgyptthattheycausedseriouscropdamagE.Egyptianfarmerskilledthemroutinelyandbythebeginningofthe19thcenturyallthehipposinAfricahadbeenkilleD.Peopleusedtoseehipposfightinthearenas角斗场ofancientRomE.AfterthefalloftheRomanEmpirehipposweren'tseeninEuropeagainuntilafewzoosbegantoexhibittheminthemid1800s.Allthevarioususesandabusesofhipposthroughthecenturieshavemadetheirpopulationfallgreatly.WheretheydooccurmostlyinnationalparkstheyliveinsuchhighdensitythattheymakethegrasslandsbarE.Thiscausesothergrass-eatinganimalstogofartherforfoodandhipposwhichcan'tlivefarfromwaterdestroytheirownfeedinggrounds.32.InAfricahipposbecameextinct_____.A.aroundthe1850sB.inthe13thcenturyC.about4000yearsagoD.intheearly19thcentury33.Apartfromprotectingcropswhat'sthemainreasonforpeopletokillhippos?A.Tosaveotheranimals.B.Tosatisfypersonaldemands.C.Tolookforguidanceafterdeath.D.TofollowtheroutineestablishedbytheEgyptians.34.Theunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphcanbereplacedby_____?A.concentrationB.altitudeC.levelD.temperature35.Whatproblemsdohipposleadto?A.Theyeatupthegrassintheirhabitats.B.Theyalwaysdestroyotheranimals'fooD.C.Theystopotheranimalsfromdrinkingwater.D.Theygrowtooquicklyforthelandtosupport.

SanFranciscoisagreatcity.Itislivelyandfriendlyandhasmanythingstodo.Belowyou’llfindsomeideasaboutactivitiesandprogramsinSanFranciscoforthesummer.TheSanFranciscoSchool:SummerProgramTherearecampsforpre-kindergarten学前班throughmiddleschoolatTheSanFranciscoSchool.WithprogramslikeFearlessWritingMakingA.GreenWorld:Re-MakingClothingandsomuchmorecheckwhichprogramsareforwhichages.Thisisagreatplaceforchildrentohavefuninthesummer.Registration登记startsinthespring.SanFranciscoArtInstituteCommunityEducationChildrentoeldersarewelcometosignupforallsortsofartclassesallyearroundsuchasAdultContinuingEducationPre-CollegeprogramsandaYoungArtistprogram.Checkwebsiteforschedulesclasstypesagegroupsandmoreorcall415-749-4500.SanFranciscoUniversityHighSchool:SummerProgramThisisagreatprogrampreparingkidsforcollegE.Academicclassesinthemorningandsocialclassessuchasdramasportsmusicintheafternoon.TherearealsootheractivitiessuchasafielddayaneveningpartyatalentshowandmuchmorE.30-35sixthgradechildrenareselectedeachsummersoyouhavetofilloutanapplicationform.SeemoreaboutitonitswebsitE.RudolfSteinerCollegeSummerProgramsRudolfSteinerhassummerprogramsforteacherswhowanttotakecoursessuchasteachinggradecourses1-8HighSchoolTeacherEducationprogramworkingwithPre-SchoolchildrenLanguagesArtsandmorE.RegistrationisatthebeginningoftheApril.24.WhatcanwelearnaboutSummerProgramsintheSanFranciscoSchool?A.Itusuallybeginsinthespring.B.Itdoesn’tofferacademicclasses.C.Itisforchildrenfrompre-kindergarten.D.Ithasprogramsaboutenvironmentalprotection.25.TheadvantageofprogramsofSanFranciscoArtInstituteCommunityEducationisthat____.A.itisfreeforchildrenB.childrenofdifferentagescantakepartC.schedulescanbefoundonitswebsiteD.childrencanattendartclassesatanyseason26.WhichofthefollowingisbestforJimifhewantstogotocollegenextyear?A.TheSummerProgramintheSanFranciscoSchool.B.SanFranciscoArtInstituteCommunityEducation.C.TheSummerProgramsinRudolfSteinerCollegE.D.TheSummerPrograminSanFranciscoUniversityHighSchool.27.Inwritingthispassagetheauthoraimsto_____.A.attractpeopletotravelinSanFranciscoB.introduceeducationalprogramsinSanFranciscoC.showthebeautifulsceneryofSanFranciscoD.introducesomegoodschoolsinSanFrancisco

OnaSaturdaymorningearlierthisSeptembertheworldgotitsfirstlookattheStrati.ThiselectricvehicleisunlikeanyothercurrentlyontheroaD.Itrollsonfourwheelsbutitsbodyandchassis底盘weren’tbuiltinafactory.InsteadStrati’sdesignersusedatechnologycalled3-Dprinting.Itcreatedthosepartsofthecarinonepiecefromthegroundup.ComparedtoatypicalvehicleontheroadtheStratidefinitelylooksdifferentsaysGregSchroederaseniorresearchengineerattheCenterforAutomotiveResearchinAnnArborMich.Hedidnotworkonthenewcar.Hisorganizationstudiestrendsandchangesintheautoindustry.Ittook44hourstoprintthenewcarattheInternationalManufacturingTechnologyShowinChicago.Overthenextfewdaysthecar’sdesignersinstalledadditionalparts.Theseincludedthecar’senginebrakesandtires.ThenearlyonSeptember13JayRogersclimbedintothecarstarteditsengineanddrovethevehicleontothestreet.RogershelpedfoundLocalMotors.It’stheArizona-basedcompanybehindtheStrati.TwoweekslaterhisteamprintedasecondStratiandjustasfastatafairinNewYorkCity.JustinFishkinalocalMotorsofficialseestheStratiasawindowintothefuturE.TodaycarbuyersarelimitedintheirchoiceofavehiclE.TheycanorderonlywhatcarcompanieshavealreadydesigneD.Butinthefuturehesaysyoumaybeabletodesignyourowncaronlineandthengetitprintedtoorder.Manufacturingexpertssay3-Dprintinghasbeguntorevolutionizehowtheymakethings.Thetechnologyhasbeenaroundfordecades.Butthesemachinesusedtobesoexpensivethatonlylargecompaniescouldaffordthem.InthelastfewyearsthoughthathaschangeD.Manyofthemachinesarenowinexpensiveenoughforsmallcompanies—orevenindividuals—toown.SomelocallibrariesmakethemavailabletothepubliC.HighSchoolsarebeginningtousetheminclassrooms.Wideaccesstotheseprintersmeanspeoplecannowdesignandprintawidevarietyofnewthings.Thecar’sprinterisaone-of-a-kinddevicE.Thetechnologybehindthe3-DprinterusedinChicagoisanexampleofadditivemanufacturing.Thisprocessbuildssolidobjectsslicebyslicefromthebottomup.StratimeanslayersinItalian.A.mechanicalarmmovesanozzlefromonesidetoanotherbackandforth.Asitmovesthenozzledepositsaliquid—oftenmeltedplasticormetalbutitcouldbefoodconcreteorevencells—thatquicklyhardensorbondstobecomesolidorsemi-soliD.Thiscreatesasinglethinlayer.OncealayeriscompletetheprinterstartsdepositingthenextonE.There’salotofinterestin3-DprintingintheautoindustrysaysSchroeder.Rightnowthetechnologyisparticularlyusefulforbuildingmodelsofcarsorcarparts.Tocompetewithcurrentautomanufacturersthe3-DprinterwouldhavetoincreaseinahurrySchroedersays.BycontrasthenotesaFordF-150pickuptruckrollsoffanassemblylineatarateofroughlyoneperminutE.ToprintasmanyStratiswouldrequiremanymoreprinters.Schroedersayshedoesn’tsee3-Dprintingsoontakingoverforsuchhigh-volumemanufacturing.ButheaddsWhoknowswhatwillhappeninthelongterm?ScientistsatOakRidgeNationalLaboratoryinTennesseedesignedthe3-DprinterusedinChicago.LonnieLovearesearchscientistatthelabledtheeffort.AdditivemanufacturingoftenisslowandexpensivE.ItalsomayproducematerialsthatareunreliableLovesays.Sofortwoyearshisteamsearchedforwaystomake3-Dprintingbetter.Theybuiltnewmachinesandtestedthemoverandover.Allofthatworkpaidoff:theirnewmachineisfastanduseslessexpensivematerialthanearlierprinters.Inadditionitprintsaplasticembeddedwithfibersofcarbontoproduceastrongermaterial.Thishelpsensurethematerialwon’tcrackorbreakunderpressurE.71.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefirstStratiisTRUE?A.ItwasborninacarfactoryinChicago.B.Allpartsofitwerenotmadebyusingatechnologycalled3-Dtechnology.C.Itisapitythatithasnotrunonthestreetsofar.D.ManyseniorresearchengineersworkedonitincludingGregSchroeder.72.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5?A.Largecompaniesarealwaysrichenoughtobuyexpensivethings.B.NowHighSchoolsarebeginningtouse3-Dprintersinclassrooms.C.Wideaccessto3-DprintershasmadeitpossibleforpeopletoordernovelthingsonlinE.D.Highpricesofnewproductscanstopthemfrombeingusedwidelyinthebeginning.73.WhatdoesthewordnozzleinParagraph7possiblyreferto?A.A.singlethinlayer.B.A.partofthe3-Dprinter.C.A.solidorsemi-solidobject.D.A.personwhooperatesthemachinE.74.WhydidLonnieLovemakeeffortstoimprove3-Dprintingwithhisteam?A.Becauseadditivemanufacturingmightproduceunreliablematerials.B.Becausehejustwasinterestedinmakingnewthings.C.BecausehejustwantedtobuildnewmachinesandtestthemD.BecauseadditivemanufacturingisalwaysslowbutinexpensivE.75.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.3-DPrintersAreComingB.3-DPrintersAreBecomingWell-KnownC.3-DPrintersAreBecomingCheaperD.3-DPrintersAreMakingCars

Forcenturiestheonlyformofwrittencorrespondence通信wastheletter.Letterswereandaresentbysomeformofpostalservicethehistoryofwhichgoesbackalongway.IndeedtheEgyptiansbegansendinglettersfromabout2000BCasdidtheChineseathousandyearslater.Ofcoursemodernpostalservicesnowaremuchmoredevelopedandfasterdependingastheydooncarsandplanesfordelivery.Yettheyarestilltooslowforsomepeopletosendurgentdocuments紧急文件andletters.Theinventionofthefax传真machineincreasedthespeedofdeliveringdocumentsevenmorE.WhenyousendafaxyouaresendingacopyofapieceofcorrespondencetosomeonebytelephoneservicE.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1980sthatsuchaservicewasdevelopedenoughforbusinessestobeabletofaxdocumentstoeachother.ThefaxserviceisstillverymuchinusewhencopiesofdocumentsrequiretobesentbutasawayoffastcorrespondenceithasbeenlargelytakentheplaceofbyemailEmailisusedtodescribemessagessentformonecomputerusertoanother.Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantageswithemails.Ifyousendsomeoneanemailthenhewillreceiveitextremelyquickly.NormalpostalservicesareratherslowasfarasspeedofdeliveryisconcerneD.Howeverifyouwritesomethingbyemailwhichyoumightlaterregretandsenditimmediatelythereisnochanceforsecondthoughts.Atleastifyouarepostingaletteryouhavetoaddressandseal封theenvelopeandtakeittothepostbox.ThereisplentyoftimetochangeyourminD.Themessageisthinkbeforeyouemail!25.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________________.A.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomeslowerB.emailislesspopularthanthefaxserviceC.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomefasterD.thefaxservicehasahistoryaslongasthepostalservicedoes26.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________________.A.thefaxmachinewasinventedafterthe1980sB.lettershavebeenusedinChinaforabout1000yearsC.thefaxservicehadbeenfullydevelopedbythe1980sD.lettershavebeenusedinEgyptforabout2000years27.Inthelastparagraphthewritermentionsthinkbeforeyouemailtoshowthat_________________.A.you’dbetternotsendyouremailinahurryB.youmayregretifyoudon’tsealyourenvelopeC.youmayregretbeforeyousendsomethingbyemailD.youneedplentyoftimetosendanemail28.Thetextmainlydealswith________________.A.theinventionoffaxmachinesB.theadvantageoffaxmachinesC.theadvantageofemailsD.theprogressincorrespondence

Mostpeoplearoundtheworldareright-handeD.Thisalsoseemstobetrueinhistory.In1799scientistsstudiedworksofartmadeatdifferenttimesfrom1500B.C.tothe1950s.Mostofthepeopleshownintheseworksareright-handedsothescientistsguessedthatright-handednesshasalwaysbeencommonthroughhistory.Todayonlyabout10%to15%oftheworld’spopulationisleft-handeD.Whyaretheremoreright-handedpeoplethanleft-handedones?Scientistsnowknowthataperson’stwohandseachhavetheirownjobs.Formostpeoplethehandisusedtofindthingsorholdthings.Therighthandisusedtoworkwiththings.Thisisbecauseofthedifferentworkofthetwosidesofthebrain.Therightsideofthebrainwhichmakesaperson’shandsandeyesworktogethercontrolsthelefthanD.Theleft-sideofthebrainwhichcontrolstherighthandisthecentreforthinkinganddoingproblems.Thesefindingsshowthatmoreartistsshouldbeleft-handedandstudieshavefoundthatleft-handednessistwiceascommonamongartistsasamongpeopleinotherjobs.Noonereallyknowswhatmakesapersonbecomeright-handedinsteadofleft-handeD.Scientistshavefoundthatalmost40%ofthepeoplebecomeleft-handedbecausetheirmainbrainisdamagedwhentheyareborn.Howeverthisdoesn’thappentoeveryonesoscientistsguesstheremustbeanotherreasonwhypeoplebecomeleft-handeD.Oneideaisthatpeopleusuallygetright-handedfromtheirparents.Ifapersondoesnotreceivethegene基因forright-handednesshe/shemaybecomeeitherright-handedorleft-handedaccordingtothechanceandthepeopletheyworkorlivewith.Thoughright-handednessismorecommonthanleft-handednesspeoplenolongerthinkleft-handedpeoplearestrangeorunusual.A.longtimeagoleft-handedchildrenweremadetousetheirrighthandslikeotherchildrenbuttodaytheydon’thaveto.32.Afterstudyingworksofartmadeatdifferenttimesinhistorythescientistsfound_______.A.theartbeganfrom1500B.C.B.theworksofartendedinthe1950sC.mostpeopleshownintheworksofartareleft-handedD.mostpeopleshownintheworksofartareright-handed33.Whatisthehandformostpeopleusedtodo?A.It’susedtoworkwiththings.B.It’susedtofindorholdthings.C.It’susedtomakeaperson’seyesworktogether.D.It’sthecentreforthinkinganddoingproblems.34.AccordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Noonereallyknowswhatmakesapersonbecomeright-handeD.B.Todaychildrenarenotmadetousetheirrighthandsonly.C.Left-handednessisclevererthanright-handedness.D.Scientiststhinktheremustbesomereasonwhypeoplebecomeleft-handeD.35.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_______.A.WhichHandB.Left-handedPeopleC.Scientists’NewInventionsD.DifferentBrainsDifferentHands

Doctorsinhospitalemergencyroomsoftenseeaccidentalpoisonings中毒.A.frightenedparentarriveswithachildwhoswallowedacleaningliquiD.OrperhapstheharmfulsubstanceisamedicinE.Oritmightbeachemicalproductmeanttokillinsects.Thesearecommoncausesofaccidentalpoisoning.IncaseslikethislookformedicalhelpassoonaspossiblE.Savethecontainerofwhatevercausedthepoisoning.Andlookonthecontainerforinformationaboutanythingthatstopstheeffectsofthepoison.Saveanythingexpelled被强迫排除fromthemouthofthevictim.Thatwaydoctorscanexamineit.Inthepastsomepeopleforcedpoisoningvictimstoemptythestomach.Theyusedaliquidsyrupofipecac催呕剂todothis.Butanorganizationofchildren’sdoctorsnolongeradvisesparentstokeepsyrupofipecaC.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssayssomepoisonscancauseadditionaldamagewhentheycomebackupthethroat.Millionsofpeopleknowawaytosaveapersonwhoischokingonsomethingtrappedinthethroat.ThemethodiscommonlyknownastheHeimlichManeuverorabdominalthrusts.TheAmericanRedCrosssaysarescuershouldfirsthitthepersononthebackfivetimesbetweentheshoulderbones.Thesebackblowsmayeasethechoking.IftheairwayisstillblockedtheRedCrosssuggestspushinghardfivetimesalongthevictim’sabdomen.Theabdomenistheareabetweenthechestandthehip臀bones.25.Savethecontainerofwhatevercausedthepoisoningto____.A.lookforharmfulinformationB.lookonitC.useittobreakthepoisonD.lookformedicalhelp26.Whyareparentsadvisednottokeepsyrupofipecac?A.Tokeepthestomachempty.B.ToavoidmoredamagE.C.TokeepsyrupofipecacsafE.D.Tokeepthestomachfull.27.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphistotellusabout_____.A.awaytopreventapersonfromchoking.B.theabdominalthrustsC.awaytocurechokingD.theabdomen28.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LearningthebasicsoffirstaidB.AccidentalpoisoningsC.CommoncausesofaccidentalpoisoningD.Poisoningsandfirstaid

Doeshappinesshaveascent?Whensomeoneishappycanyousmellit?Youcanusuallytellwhensomeoneishappybasedonseeingthemsmilehearingthemlaughorperhapsfromreceivingabighug.Butcanyoualsosmelltheirhappiness?SurprisingnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessdoesindeedhaveascentandthattheexperienceofhappinesscanbespreadthroughsmellreportsPhys.org.Forthestudy12youngmenwereshownvideosmeanttobringaboutavarietyofemotionswhileresearchersgatheredsweatsamplesfromthem.AllofthemenwerehealthyandnoneofthemweredrugusersorsmokersandallwereaskedtoabstainfromdrinkingoreatingsmellyfoodsduringthestudyperioD.Thosesweatsampleswerethengivento36equallyhealthyyoungwomentosmellwhileresearchersmonitoredtheirreactions.Onlywomenwereselectedtosmellthesamplesapparentlybecausepreviousresearchhasshownthatwomenhaveabettersenseofsmellthanmenandarealsomoresensitivetoemotionalsignaling—thoughit’sunclearwhyonlymenwerechosentoproducethescents.Researchersfoundthatthebehaviorofthewomenaftersmellingthescents—particularlytheirfacialexpressions—indicatedarelationshipbetweentheemotionalstatesofthemenwhoproducedthesweatandthewomenwhosniffedthem.Humansweatproducedwhenapersonishappybringsaboutastatesimilartohappinessinsomebodywhobreathesthissmellsaidstudyco-authorGunSeminaprofessoratKocUniversityinTurkey.Thisisafascinatingfindingbecauseitnotonlymeansthathappinessdoeshaveascentbutthatthescentiscapableoftransmittingtheemotiontoothers.Thestudyalsofoundthatotheremotionssuchasfearseemtocarryascenttoo.Thisensurespreviousresearchsuggestingthatsomenegativeemotionshaveasmellbutitisthefirsttimethishasprovedtobetrueofpositivefeelings.ResearchershaveyettoisolateexactlywhatthechemicalcompoundforthehappinesssmellisbutyoumightimaginewhatthepotentialapplicationsforsuchafindingcouldbE.HappinessperfumesforinstancecouldbeinventeD.Scenttherapies香味疗法couldalsobedevelopedtohelppeoplethroughdepressionoranxiety.Perhapsthemostsurprisingresultofthestudyhoweverisourbroadenedunderstandingofhowemotionsgetcommunicatedandalsohowourownemotionsarepotentiallymanagedthroughoursocialcontextandtheemotionalstatesofthosearoundus.28.Whatisthemainfindingofthenewresearch?A.Menproducemoresweats.B.Negativeemotionshaveasmell.C.Pleasantfeelingscanbesmeltout.D.Womenhaveabettersenseofsmell.29.TheunderlinedpartabstainfrominParagraph3probablymeans_________.A.avoidB.practiceC.continueD.try30.Whatistheapplicationvalueofthenewresearch?A.Perfumescouldhelppeopleunderstandeachother.B.SomesmellscouldbedevelopedtobetterourmooD.C.Perfumescouldbeproducedtocurephysicaldiseases.D.SomesmellscouldbecreatedtoimproveourappearancE.31.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat___________.A.happinesscomesfromascentofsweatB.positiveemotionscandeepenunderstandingC.peopleneedmoreemotionalcommunicationD.socialsurroundingscaninfluenceouremotions

SincethestartofthedeadlyAIDSepidemicinthe1980sscientistshavebeenworkingtowardsacurE.NowtheymaybeclosetofindingonE.Researchershavedevelopedamethodtocuttheviral病毒DNAfromaperson’sinfectedcells.ItiscalledCRISPR/Cas9anditmeansthepersoncouldbevirus-freE.DNAisasubstancethatcarriesgeneticinformationinthecellsofanimalsandplants.Thisgene-editingtookplaceinascientificlabbuthasnotbeentestedonhumansyet.It’sabigstepsaidKamelKhaliliPh.D.HeisleadresearcherandchairattheDepartmentofNeuroscienceatTempleUniversityinPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniA.Heandhisteammadethediscovery.ButmoretestshavetobedonetoknowifitwillbeacureforthemillionsofpatientsinfectedwiththeHIVviruswhichcausesAIDS.AntiretroviraldrugshavebeendoingagoodjobofkeepingtheAIDSvirusfromreproducing.SuchagoodjobthatlevelsofHIVarejustaboutundetectableininfectedpeoplewhotakethemedicinE.Butevenwiththedrugsthevirusstaysinthebody’sT-cellswhichareT-lymphocytes.AIDSdamagestheimmunesystemhurtingthebody’sabilitytofightoffdiseasE.SothedrugsarekindofaBand-AidsolutionKhaliliexplaineD.Theykeepthevirusfromgrowing.Buttheydonotremovethememoryofthevirusfromthecells.AndthemomentantiretroviraldrugsarestoppedtheHIVcomesbacktolifeandbeginsmakingmoreHIVwhichistheAIDSvirus.KhaliliandhisteamofscientistsappeartohavefoundawaytocutthisviralDNAfrominfectedpeople’scells.IntheirlabtheytookcellsfrompeopleinfectedwiththeHIVvirus.Theyremovedthepartofthecellthatwasholdingthevirus.Hesaidtheyhadinsomecasesnear90percentofthevirusreplication复制orproductiondroppedinthepatientsamplesaftertreatmentinthelaboratory.Khaliliandhisteamhavenotactuallycuredanypatientsyet.Howeverhebelievesthisgene-editingtechnologycouldpossiblycureAIDS.RemovaloftheviruscanleadtothecurE.Hesaidit’sanexcitingtimeandthereasonisthetechnologiesareavailableandthemethodsareinplaceandourknowledgehasincreaseD.AndhopefullytherewillbefundingtotakeustowardthisexcitingmomentfordevelopingthecurestrategybygettingridofviralDNAusingeditingtechniques.62.ThenewlyfoundwayisintendedtocureAIDSby_______.A.doingdamagetotheimmunesystemB.removingviralDNAfrominfectedcellsC.doingresearchintoantiretroviraldrugsD.takingcellsfromthoseinfectedwiththeHIVvirus63.Whatcanweknowaboutantiretroviraldrugsfromthepassage?A.TheyarelikelytomakemoreAIDSvirus.B.TheycanhelpbodytofightagainstdiseasE.C.TheyareunabletocurepeopleoftheirHIVvirus.D.ViruswilldisappearfromT-cellsbecauseofthem.64.KamelKhalili’swordsinthelasttwoparagraphsindicatethat_______.A.hisnewmethodisboundtobeaperfectcureforAIDSB.antiretroviraldrugswillbedroppedinthenearfutureC.theirdiscoveryhasmadegreatcontributionstohumanbeingsD.theywillsucceedcuringAIDSiftheyaren’tlackinginmoney

Ourcharacterbasicallyismadeupofourhabits.Sowathoughtreapanaction;sowanactionreapahabit;sowahabitreapacharacter;sowacharacterreapadestinyasthesayinggoes.Habitsarepowerfulfactorsinourlives.Becausetheyareconsistentoftenunconsciouspatterns;theyconstantlydailyexpressourcharacterandproduceeffectivenessorineffectiveness.AsHoraceMannagreateducatoroncesaidAhabitislikeacablE.Weweaveastrand线ofiteverydayandsoonitcannotbebroken.Ipersonallydonotagreewiththelastpartofhisexpression.IknowhabitscanbelearnedandunlearneD.AndIalsoknowitisn’taquickfix.Itinvolvesaprocessandtremendous巨大的devotion.SomeofuswhowatchedthelunarvoyageofApollo11wereshockedastheysawthefirstmenwalkonthemoonandreturntotheearth.Buttogettherethoseastronautshadtobreakoutofthetremendouspullofgravityoftheearth.Moreenergywasspentinthefirstfewminutesoflift-offinthefirstfewmilesoftravelthanwasusedoverthenextseveraldaystotravelhalfamillionmiles.Habitstoohavetremendouspull.Howevermostpeopledon’trealizeoradmitit.Gettingridofbadhabitsreallyrequiresgreatwillpowerandsomechangesinourlives.Lift-offtakestremendouseffortbutoncewebreakoutofthepullofgravitywecanenjoyunprecedented空前的freedom.Likeanynaturalforcethepullofgravitycanworkwithusoragainstus.Thepullofsomeofourhabitsmaycurrentlybekeepingusfromgoingwhereverwewanttogo.Butitisalsothepullofgravitythatkeepsourworldtogetherandkeepstheplanetsintheirorbitsandouruniverseinorder.Itispowerfulforceandifweuseiteffectivelywecancreatecohesiveness凝聚力toestablisheffectivenessinourlives.29.Whydidtheauthorquotethesayinginthefirstparagraph?A.Toshowtheauthorwasawiseman.B.Tosupporttheauthor’sopinionaboutthehabit.C.Becauseagreateducatoraskedtheauthortodoit.D.Becausetheauthorlikedtheoldsayingverymuch.30.Whydoestheauthorsayhabitshavepowerfuleffectsonourlives?A.Becausehabitscanconstantlyaffectourcharacter.B.BecausehabitscanbelearnedandunlearneD.C.Becauseyoucanreapacharacterbysowingahabit.D.BecauseahabitislikeacableandusefultoourlifE.31.Whatdoesthewritermeanbyreferringtogravitypull?A.Riddingbadhabitsneedsgreatwillpower.B.Breakingthegravitypullmeansenjoyingfreedom.C.Toprovethatthehabitscanworkwithusoragainstus.D.Thegravitypullisveryimportantinourlives.32.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.FormingagoodcharacterisimportantB.TheimportanceofthepullofgravityC.ExcellenceisnotanactbutahabitD.Thepowerfulfactorsofhabits

Anewstudysaysonepartofthehumanbrainmaybecomesmallerastheresultofaconditionknownasjetlag.JetlagresultsfromflyinglongdistancesinanairplanE.Peoplewithjetlagfeelextremelytiredforseveraldays.Theymayalsohaveproblemsinthinkingclearlyandremembering.RecentlyaresearcherattheUniversityofBristolinBritainreportedthefindingsofhisjetlagstudywhichinvolvedtwentywomenwhoworkedforinternationalairlines.Theyhadservedpassengersonairplanesforfiveyears.Theseflightattendantsflewacrossmanycountriesandatleastseventimezones.Inthestudytheflightattendantshaddifferentamountsoftimetorecoverfromjetlag.Halfthewomenspentfivedaysorfewerintheirhomeareasbetweenlongflights.Theotherhalfspentmorethanfourteendaysintheirhomeareas.Theresearchertooksomesalivafromthewomen’smouthstomeasurelevelsofahormone荷尔蒙thatincreasesduringstress.Hetestedthemtoseeiftheycouldrememberwhereblackspotsappearedonacomputerscreen.Andhetookpicturesoftheirbrainstomeasurethesizeofthebrain’stemporallobes.脑叶.Itwasfoundthatthewomenwhohadlesstimebetweenflightshadsmallerrighttemporallobes.Thisareaofthebraindealswithrecognizingandrememberingwhatisseen.Thesamegroupperformedworseandhadslowerreactiontimesonthevisualmemorytest.Andtheirsalivasamplesshowedhigherlevelsofstresshormones.Theresearcherbelievesthebrainneedsatleasttendaystorecoverafteralongtrip.Hesaysairlineworkerstoldhimtheirabilitytoremembergotworseafterworkingonplanesforaboutfouryears.Otherstudieshaveshownthatincreasedfeelingsofstresscancausealossofcellsinthepartofthebrainthatcontrolsmemory.Scientistssaymoretestsareneededtostudytheeffectsofjetlagonthebrain.Theywanttofindoutiftoomuchjetlagcouldpermanentlyaffectmemory.28.Accordingtothetextjetlag_____.A.cancausedifficultiesinspeakingB.canmakepeoplefeeltiredforafewweeksC.canbeonlyfoundinflightattendantsD.canbecausedbyflyingoverseveraltimezones29.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.A.theconclusionisrefusedbymanyscientistsB.scientistsfearthatthisresearchisnotdoneproperlyC.everyscientificconclusionneedsthesupportfrommanytestsD.thewomenwhowereexaminedintheresearchwerenothealthy30.Fromtheresultoftheresearchwecanseethat_____.A.thewomenwhohavelongerrestathomeperformbetteronthetest.B.thewomenwhoflyinshorttimehavesmallerrighttemporallobesC.thewomenwhohavelongerflightsfailthememorytestD.thewomenwhorestmorethan14daysproducemorehormones31.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetest?A.Thecauseofjetlag.B.A.storyofagroupofflightattendants.C.Theimportanceofhavingenoughrestafterflights.D.A.researchabouttheeffectsofjetlagonthebrain.

Somepeoplethinkthattheywillgetilliftheyusetheirbrains大脑toomuch.ItisnottruE.ThroughmanystudiesscientistsshowusthatthemoreyouuseyourbrainsthebetteritwillbeandtheclevereryouwillbecomE.Ofcourseifyouwanttokeepyourmindclearandactiveyoumusttakeaproperrestandstudyproperly.Totheteenagersusingtheirbrainsinthemorningisgoodfortheirhealth.Therearemanywaystorest.Oneisapeacefulrest.Sleepisapeacefulrest.Anotherisanactiverest.Forexampletakeawalkoutdoorsdomoreexerciseeveryday.Tochangethewayofthebrains’activitiesisalsoagoodwaytorest.Ineverydaylifetoeatsomeeggsmeatfreshvegetablesandfruitisalsogoodforthebrains.WishyouawisemanandahappylifE.17.Accordingtothewriterofthepassageourbrainsshouldbeused____.A.hardlyB.seldomC.moreoftenD.attimes18.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisnottrue?A.Sleepisakindofagoodrest.B.Doingmorningexercisesisapeacefulrest.C.Goingoutforarestisanactiverest.D.Therearedifferentactivitiesforagoodrest.19.Whichistrue?A.Illnesscomesfromthefactthebrainsareusedtoomuch.B.Fruitsarethemostimportantforthebrains.C.Thebrainswillbebetteriftheyareusedoften.D.Sleepistheonlywayofhavingarest.20.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtouseyourbrainsB.HowtorestC.HowtobecomeawisemanD.Keepyourmindclear

Everfeellikeyou’vebeenhitontheheadafterabadnight’ssleep?Accordingtoscientiststhethoughtisn’tasunbelievableasitseems.AstudyfoundgoingwithoutsleepforjustonenightcauseschangesinthebrainsimilartothosethatoccurafterablowtotheheaD.TheresearcherssaidthehealthyyoungmenexaminedinthestudyshowedasuddenincreaseinthesamechemicalswhichindicatebraindamagE.ProfessorChristianBenedictofUppsalaUniversitySwedenexplainedthatthechemicalsNSEandS-100Barebiomarkers生物指标forbraindamagesuchasconcussion脑震荡.HesaidWhatwefoundwastheirlevelsinthebloodroseinthegroupthatwentwithoutsleepforanight.Thiswasnottotheextentthatwouldhappenafteraheadinjuryforinstancebutitwasstillsignificant.Duringsleepthebraincleanspoisonoussubstancesoffitself.BenedictalsosaidpreviousstudieswhichlinkedalackofsleepwithincreasedriskofAlzheimer’sParkinson’sandmultiplesclerosiscouldapplaudhisstudy.TheriseofthechemicalsinthebloodaftersleeplossmaysuggestnotgettingenoughsleepcontributestoalossofbraintissueheexplaineD.BenedictwhosestudyispublishedinthejournalSleepaddedInconclusionthefindingsofourexperimentindicateagoodnight’ssleepmaybecriticaltomaintainingbrainhealth.AthirdoftheUKpopulationsufferfromsleep-relatedproblemswhiletheaveragepersonnowsleepsforonlysevenhoursanightcomparedwithalmostnineafewdecadesago.Manyscientistsbelieveirregularsleepingpatternsleadtoillnessesrangingfromachesandpainstoheartdiseasewhilelessthaneighthours’sleepanightcanlowertheIQthenextday.8.Ifyoudon’tsleepforanightwhatwillhappen?A.NSEandS-100BwillincreasE.B.Thebraindamagewillbelikeaheadinjury.C.Youwillsufferfromconcussion.D.Thebrainwillgetridofpoisonoussubstances.9.Whatdoweknowaboutpreviousstudies?A.Theyfoundreasonsforbraindisorders.B.TheirfindingswerepublishedinSleep.C.TheyweresupportedbyBenedict’sstudy.D.Theyfocusedonbrainhealth.10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.UKpeoplehavetheworstsleep.B.Man’sintelligenceisaffectedbysleepinaway.C.Peopleweresmarterinthepast.D.Alackofsleepcausesallbrain-relatedproblems.11.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Eighthours’sleepisimportant.B.Regularsleepingpatternsimprovehealth.C.SleeplossisclosetoablowtotheheaD.D.Humanbrainsworkduringsleep.

Theearthisdyingbeforeusyetwesitandwatch.IftheTVorthegamesystembreakswerunofftothestorestogetitfixedimmediatelynomatterwhatthecost.Whyaren’twewillingtofixourearth?Areourtelevisionsandgamesystemsmoreimportanttousthanwherewelive?Whereshallwecontinuetoliveuntiltheendoftime?TheearthisourhomeandcannotbereplaceD.Wemusttakecareofit.Wehavecomeupwithsomuchtechnologythatlimitsusinsteadofhelpingus.Takethatgamesystemweruntorepair.Whatdoesitdo?Itoccupieskids’time!TheearthhasalreadygivenkidsplentyofentertainmentintheformsoffieldsandhillsforestsandplainswaterandlanD.Howeverinsteadofusingwhattheearthhasgivenusandhelpingkidsbygivingthemexerciseastheyrunaroundwedecidetoruinkids’mindswithgamesystemsthatgluethemtothescreenforhoursandmakethemignoretheirhomeworkandchores.Wehavepollutedthisearthbymakingthesethingsthatdonotevenhelpusinanyway!WehavealreadymessedupthisworlD.We’veruinedtheairwaterandanimalsthatithassowillinglyprovidedforus.WeneedtostopthisdestructionoflifeandbringbacktheworldwehadbeforE.Itwillnotbeeasybuteverybodycanhelp!Whataboutsomethingassimpleasturningthelightsoffwhenyouleavearoom?Recyclingwhatcanberecycled?Pickinguplitter?Donatingmoneytoanenvironmentalorganization?NoneofthesethingsareveryharD.Wecan’tjustalwayssayOhtheearthisamess.Ahwellthosebigcompaniesthatarepollutingsomuchcanstopandfixit.Insteadweneedtohelpout.It’snotonlythosebigcompanies;it’severydaythingsthatwedotoothatareruiningtheearth.Sostopandthinkaboutwhatyoucandotomakeadifferencetoourworld!25.W.hydoestheauthormentiontelevisionsandgamesystemsinParagraph1?A.Tomakepeoplebetterawareoftheurgencytotheprotectionoftheearth.B.ToexposethegreatharmdonetotheearthbytoomuchtechnologywastE.C.Toshowtherelationshipbetweenoveruseofthosethingswithearlydeath.D.Toremindpeopletospendlessonthemandusethesavedmoneyinawiserway.26.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthor______.A.thinkswemusttakecareofourirreplaceablehome—theearthB.thinksrunningaroundinfieldsoccupiestoomuchofkids’timeC.takesanextremelynegativeattitudetothingslikegamesystemsD.takesitforgrantedthattechnologygiveskidsplentyofentertainment.27.Wecanclearlyfeelthattheauthorwrotethispassagewithdeep_____.A.gratitudeB.regretC.emotionD.hatred28.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Tocriticizethosebigcompaniesthatruintheearth.B.Toaskpeopletosavekidsfromtheharmdonebypollution.C.Togivekidsplentyofentertainmentinaclearenvironment.D.Tocallonpeopletostopruiningtheearth.

September212050----AtapressconferencetodayitwasannouncedthatthefirsttouristheadingforMarswillbethe38-year-oldUSbusinessmanPatrickClifforD.HewillleavetheearthinthelaunchingwindowofJune2052andsethisfootonthesurfaceofMarsinNovembertogetherwiththeother6astronautsassignedforthemissiontofurtherexploretheplanet.Patrickhasnowtwoyearsoftrainingaheadofhimtogetreadyforthetrip.NotonlywillhespendfivemonthsingettingtoMarsbutanother600daystherebeforehecangobackhomE.PatrickwasofcourseveryexcitedThishasbeenmydreamsinceIwasfourandseeingthefirstmanonMars20yearsagomademerealizethatitwaspossiblE.Tobeabletopaythe$1.3billionforhisticketforthetripPatricksoldhismajoritystake股份inthecompanyhisfatherhadbuilt.IknowthatmyfatherwouldhavebeenproudofmeifhehadstillbeenalivetodayheknewwhatthismeanstomesaysPatrick.ThereisnoriskthoughthatyouwillfindPatrickbegginginyourstreetcornerwhenhecomesbackbutitissaidthathewaspaidtwiceasmuchforhispartofthecompany.Sohowishegoingtospendhis600daysontheredplanet?WellsinceIdon’thaveajobwhenIgetbackaftersellingthecompanyIhaveplentyoftimetocomeupwithanewbusinessideahesaysandlaughs.Ifhebringsashovel铁锹hecanstartbuildingthefirsthoteltherebutmaybeheshouldn’texpecttoomanyguestsuntilsomeonecanofferacheaperticket.13.HowlongwillPatrickCliffordbeawaybeforehecomesback?A.AboutfivemonthsB.AbouttwoyearsC.About600daysD.About750days14.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph3meansthat.A.thetripwillturnPatrickintoabeggarB.PatrickwillgetmuchmoneyfromthetripC.weneedn’tworryaboutPatrick’seconomicconditionD.it’slikelythatPatrickwillbeverypoorafterhecomesback15.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.PatrickisanoptimisticmanB.A.totalofsixpeoplewillgotoMarsC.Patrick’sfatherfeltexcitedatthenewsD.Patrickwillspendallhismoneyonthetrip

Coralreefs珊瑚礁arenotjustbeautifultolookatbutalsoveryuseful.Theyshelternearly25％ofoceanlifeandprovidefoodforbillionsofpeople.Howeverlikemanyotherspeciesthisamazingecosystem生态系统isindangerofdyingout!Therearetwomainreasonsforthedestruction破坏—therisingcarbondioxidelevelscausedbyglobalwarmingaswellashumaninfluenceslikebottomoperation.Whilenotmuchcanbedoneabouttheformerthelosscausedbythelattercanbereduced.Bottomoperationinvolvesdroppingnetstotheoceanbedandthendraggingthemupwhenfilledwithfish.Thisactiondamagedtheoceanfloorcausingthecoralbranchestoseparatefromthereefs.Whilethatisverydiscouragingthegoodnewsisthatifthesebranchesarefoundquicklytheycanbesaved.Atpresentthatworkisbeingperformedbyvolunteerdivers.Butthemethodhasonlylimitedsuccessbecausetheycannotstaylongunderwaternorreachdepthsofover200meterswheresomeofthedeep-seacoralgrows.HoweverthisisnotthecaseforCoralbots—therobotsthatcanconstantlyseekoutbrokenbranches.Ateamof‘coralbots’eachworkingtosimpleruleswillpiecetogether’damagedbitsofcoralallowingthemtoregrow重生.Theyareprogrammedtobeabletotellthedifferencesbetweenotherthingsandthecoral.Therobotsworktogetheringroupssimilartobees.Ifonecoralbotisdamagedthentheotherswillstillbeabletocompletethetask.DrLea-AnneHenrysaidTheprojectofusingcoralbotsoffersusthepossibilitytorestore修复thefunctionofreefs.Itisinthefinalstageoftesting.OncereadytheresearchershopetobuildhundredsofthemandusethemeffectivelyinthewatersoffScotlandandthenhopefullyintheoceansacrosstheworld.28.Whichofthefollowingisacauseofthedangerthatcoralreefsarefacing________.A.Theappearanceofnewcreatures.B.Theseriouslypollutedseawater.C.Theactivitiesofvolunteerdivers.D.Humanactivitieslikebottomoperation.29.Comparedwithvolunteerdiverscoralbots________.A.canstaylongerunderwaterB.mustworkasbeesdoC.candistinguishwhatiscoralD.canneverbedamaged30.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordtheminthelastparagraphreferto________.A.Coralbots.B.Brokenbranches.C.Workingbees.D.Bitsofcoral.31.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_________.A.bottomoperationhasaffectedmostunderwatercreaturesB.brokenbranchesofcoralcanregrowifsavedintimeC.hundredsofthecoralbotshaveworkedwellintheoceansD.withthecoralbotsalldamagedcoralreefscanberestored

Whatwereyoudoingbeforeyoustartedreadingthis?Wereyoufullyfocusedonanotherarticle?Oreatingbreakfast?Organizingyourday?Orwereyoustaringoutofthewindowfeelingrestlessandbored?Itislikelytohavebeenthelatter.Briefmomentsofboredomareuniversalandarefrequentlywhatdrivesustostopwhatwearedoingandmovetosomethingthatwehopewillbemoreexciting.ButalthoughboredomiscommonitisneitherunimportantnorfavorableaccordingtoDrJohnEastwoodapsychologistatYorkUniversityToronto.EastwoodisthejointauthorofTheUnengagedMindamajornewpaperonthetheoryofboredom.Boredomhepointsoutinthepaperhasbeenconnectedwithovereatingdepressionanxietyandanincreasedriskofmakingmistakes.MistakesatworkmightnotbeamatteroflifeanddeathformostofusbutifyouareanairtrafficcontrollerpilotornuclearpowerplantoperatortheymostcertainlycanbE.CommercialpoloSamiFranksconfirmsthatboredomcanmakepilotsloseattention.Whenyouflyalengthydistancetherearetwopilotsoneofwhomismonitoringallthescreenswhiletheotherdoesthepaperworktalkstoairtrafficcontrolandsoon.Youneedtobealert警觉的forlandingandtakeoffbutonceyou’re500ftabovetherunwaytheplane’sonautopilot自动驾驶仪anditcanbeveryquietandboring.InastudyIsawofpilotswhowokeupafterashortsleep.30%ofthemreportedseeingtheotherpilotasleeptoosaidFranks.HoweverDrEstherPriyadharshiniaseniorlecturerineducationattheuniversityofEastAngliahasstudiedboredomandsaysitcanbeseeninapositivelight.Wecan’tpreventboredom—it’sanunavoidablehumanemotion.Wehavetoacceptitandfindwaystocontrolit.WeallneeddowntimE.There’snoneedtobefullybusywithworkatalltimes.shesays.Childrenwhocomplainthattheyhavenothingtodoonrainyholidaysmaytrytofindotherthingstofocuson.TheartistGraysonPerryhasreportedlyspokenofhowlongperiodsofboredominchildhoodmayhaveimprovedhiscreativity.Weallneedvacanttimetomull深思熟虑thingsoversaysPriyadharshini.32.WecanlearnfromEastwoodthat_______.A.boredomcanbepotentially潜在地dangerousB.airtrafficcontrollersusuallyfeelboredC.briefmomentsofboredomarenotcommonD.makingmistakesisamajorcauseofboredom33.ThestudymentionedbyFranksshowsthat______.A.pilotsneedtobealertforlandingandtakeoffB.pilotsmustworkwelltogetherwhenflyingC.boredomcanmakepilotsloseattentionD.flyingaplaneisgenerallyquitefun34.WhichofthefollowingmightbePerry’sopiniononboredom?A.ItoftenleadstofailurE.B.Ithasabeneficialeffect.C.Itismorelikelytohappentochildren.D.Itmakeschildrenloseinterestinlearning.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhyamIsobored?B.Isboredombadforyou?C.CanIhaveyourattention?D.HowcanIgetridofboredom?

AboutfiveyearsagoanAmericanelectricalengineernamedScottBrusawandhiswifeJuliecameupwiththeideaofputtingsolarpanelsonthegroundratherthantheroof.ThentheybegantodeveloptheSolarRoadwayspeciallyforanewtypeofcars—eco-cars.TheSolarRoadwayisanintelligentroadthatprovidescleanrenewableenergyusingpowerfromthesunwhileprovidingsaferdrivingconditionsalongwithpoweranddatadelivery.TheypredictthattheSolarRoadwaywillpayforitselfthroughthegenerationofelectricityalongwithotherformsofincomeandthatthesameamountofmoneythatisbeingusedtobuildandresurfacecurrentroadscanbeusedtobuildtheSolarRoadways.EachSolarRoadPanelmeasuresroughly4metersby4metersandcontainsamicroprocessor微处理器thatmonitorsandcontrolsthepanelwhilecommunicatingwithneighboringpanelsandthevehiclestravelingoverheaD.Theinventorssuggestthatthisprovidesacommunicationdeviceevery4metersoneveryroadwhichcouldbeusedforexampletowarndriversofcarswhicharemovingacrossacentrelineandvariousotherspeedcontrolproblems.ThetopoftheSolarRoadpanelsismadeofsuper-strongglassthatwouldoffervehiclesthetractions抓地力theyneeD.AccordingtotheinventorstheSolarRoadwaycreatesandcarriescleanrenewableelectricityandthereforeelectricvehiclescanberechargedatanyconvenientlylocatedreststoporatanybusinessthathaspavedSolarRoadPanelsintheirparkinglots.TheinventorssaytheirSolarRoadwayhasmanyfunctionsandadvantagesfrommainroadstodrivewaysparkinglotsbikepathssidewalksandrunways.TheFederalHighwayAdministrationhasgivenBrusaw$100000todeveloptheinventionandBrusawhopestobuildasmart-roadparkinglotinthecomingspring.51.Intheinventors’opiniontheSolarRoadway.A.istooexpensivetobuildatpresentB.costsnomoremoneythancurrentroadsC.canprovideasmanydataaspresentcomputersD.willbringthemalargesumofmoney52.TheunderlinedwordtheyinParagraph2refersto.A.thepanelsB.theinventorsC.theresearchersD.thevehicles53.TheSolarRoadwayincludesallthefollowingadvantagesEXCEPT.A.providingsaferdrivingconditionsB.helpingdriverscommunicatewitheachotherwhiledrivingC.creatingandcarryingcleanrenewableelectricityD.warningdriversofvariousspeedcontrolproblems54.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.A.theSolarRoadwayhasalreadybeenputintouseB.＄100000isnotenoughtobuildasmart-roadparkinglotC.theSolarRoadwayisnotavailableforgas-poweredcarsD.futureelectricvehiclescanbechargedanytimeandanywhere55.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Solar-poweredsmartroadofthefutureB.ThegreatchangesontheroadwayC.TheinfluencetheSolarRoadwayhasonpeopleD.TheSolarRoad—amuchfasterroad

AmazingScientificBreakthroughHelpsYouLoseWeightwithoutStarvationDietsorTiringExerciseHaveYouEverWishedTherewasafasteasyandreliablewaytosafelydropweightbymagicallysuppressingyourfooddesires?Aneasywaytouseproductthatmagicallymeltsoffuglyfatwithoutdieting[caloriecountingortiringexercise?Whatifthisbreakthroughcouldalsoincreaseyourenergylevelsandbrightenedyourmoodthroughouttheday?IntroducingTheAmazingDietPatchTheallnewAmazingDietPatchasseenonTVisarevolutionarynewweightlosssystemthatmakesyoulose3to7poundsweeafterweek!Untilyoufitintotheclothesyou’vealwaysdreamedof!Thisisthefastestmosteffectiveandsafewaytoloseweight.Withoutstarvationdietsorstrenuousexercise!HowDoesItWork?ThesecretisamaterialcalledFucusVesiculosusthatsuppressesyourfooddesiresandincreasesyourmetabolismturningyourbodyintoafatburningmachinE.Justlistentowhatothersaresayingaboutit:AfterthebirthofmychildIstartedgainingweightquicklyandnothingwouldmakemeloseweight.AtfirstIwonderedifthedietpatchreallyworked?ButIdecidedtotrythefreesampleandafterthefirstsevendaysIlost7-Lbs.Icouldn’tfeelbetteraboutmyself.—SherryParkerIcouldnotbelievehoweasyitwastousetheAmazingDietPatch!I’vetriedusingpillsbutIwouldalwaysforgettotakepillsbeforemymeals.NowwiththepatchIjustputitoninthemorningandforgetaboutit.—JeffRobinsNotAvailableInStoresButyoucangetitrightheredirectlyfromusthroughthisspecialonlineoffer.Andwe’rewillingtoabsorb100%oftheriskbygivingyoua1-WeekFreeTrial!25.AccordingtothepassageweknowthattheAmazingDietPatchissomekindof_______.A.pillsB.soupC.vegetablesD.plaster膏26.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedwordsuppressing?A.increasingB.changingC.controllingD.burning27.TheAmazingDietpatchisavailableonly_______.A.ontheTVB.throughtheonlineC.inthedrugstoreD.inthesupermarket28.ThepurposeoftheAmazingDietPatchistoloseyourweightby______.A.changeyourmetabolismB.doinglargeamountofexercisesC.brighteningyourmoodD.increasingyourdiet

Somepeoplethinkthatasmoreandmorepeoplehavetelevisionsintheirhomesfewerandfewerpeoplewillbuybooksandnewspapers.WhyreadanarticleinthenewspaperwhentheTVnewscanbringyoutheinformationinafewminutesandwithpictures?Whyreadthelifestoryofafamousmanwhenashorttelevisionprogramcantellyouallthatyouwanttoknow?Televisionhasnotkilledreadinghowever.Todaynewspaperssellinverylargenumbers.AndbooksofeverykindaresoldmorethaneverbeforE.Booksarestillacheapwaytogetinformationandenjoyment.Althoughsomebookswithhardcoversareexpensivemanybooksareprintedtodayaspaperbacks平装本whicharequitecheap.A.paperbackcollectionofshortstoriesforexampleisalwayscheaperthananeveningatthecinemaorthetheaterandyoucankeepabookforeverandreaditmanytimes.BooksareawonderfulproviderofknowledgeandpleasureandsometypesofbooksshouldbeineveryhomE.Everyhomeshouldhaveagooddictionary.A.goodencyclopedia百科全书thoughexpensiveisusefultoobecauseyoucanfindinformationonanysubject.Besidesyoucanhavesuchbooksashistorybookssciencetextbookcookbooksandcollectionsofstoriesandpoems.Thenfromtimetotimeyoucantakeabookofpoemsoffyourshelvesandreadthethoughtsandfeelingsofyourfavoritepoets.29.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A.TVprogramsareachiefproviderofknowledgeB.cinemasarethebestchoiceingettinginformationC.readingisacheapwayoflearningandhavingfunD.newspapersareanexpensivewaytoenjoyoneself30.WhatdoesthesentencesTelevisionhasnotkilledreadinghoweverunderlinedinthesecondparagraphsuggest?A.Peopleonlyneedreadingthough.B.Readingisstillnecessarytoday.C.Readingismorefunthantelevision.D.Watchingtelevisiondoesn'thelpreading.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Fewerandfewerpeoplewillbuybooks.B.A.gooddictionaryshouldbekeptineveryhomE.C.Bookswithhardcoverssellbetterthanpaperbooks.D.MorepeoplelikeTVprogramsaboutfamousmen.

Therewasgoodnewslastweekforpeoplewhostruggletogeteighthoursofsleepanight:theymaynotneedsomuchshut-eyeafterall.ResearchersfromUCLAandelsewherelookedatsleephabitsofremotehunter-gatherersinTanzaniaNamibiaandBolivia—groupswithpre-industriallifestyleswhosesleeppatternsarebelievedtoreflectthoseofancienthumans.Theresearchersfoundthatonaveragemembersofeachgroupsleepabitlessthansixandahalfhoursanight.ThestudypublishedintheacademicjournalCurrentBiologyindicatesthatnaturalsleepislessthaneighthoursanightandthatmodernsociety’snumerouselectronicdistractions分心aren’tnecessarilytoblameforpeoplegettingjustsixorsevenhoursofsleep.Thestorythatoftengetsoutisthatifyousleepforlessthansevenhoursyou’regoingtodieearlyhetoldmE.That’snottruE.YetAmericansareaddictedtogettingmoresleep—andonturningtomedicalshortcutstohelpthem.AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlasmanyas70millionU.S.adultssufferfromsleepdisordersorsleeplessness.OnlyathirdofAmericansgetthegovernment’srecommendedseventoninehoursofsleepanight.About9millionAmericanadultsusesleepingpillstohelpgetagoodnight’sresttheCDCfounD.Siegelsaidthenumberofpeoplerelyingonmedicineshasgoneupratherrapidlysincethen.IndustryconsultingfirmGlobalDataestimatesthatworldwidesalesforsleeplessnessmedicineswillrunabout$1.4billionnextyearandreach$1.8billionby2023recoveringfromlowersalesinrecentyearsbecauseofcheapergenerics仿制药hittingthemarket.Dr.RoyArtalasleepspecialistinWestLosAngelessaidit’sunderstandablethatbusypeopleintoday’sgo-goworldwouldturntomedicinestospeedupthesleepprocess.Butallthey’redoingisbuildingarelianceonpowerfuldrugsforrelativelylittleimprovement.There’snomagicpillthatmakesussleepwhenwewantandwakeupwhenwewantArtalsaiD.Theeffectsofsleepingpillstendtobemodest.Heandotherexpertssaytheanswertosleeplessnessisn’ttobefoundinapillbottlE.It’sinwhat’scalledsleephygiene保健.57.Theresearchonsleephabitsofremotehunter-gatherersinTanzaniaNamibiaandBoliviashowsthat________.A.TheyhavealackofsleepbecauseoftheirbadlifestyleB.naturalsleepmaybelessthaneighthoursanightC.ModernelectronicproductscausethesleeplessnessD.Pre-industriallifestyleswillbehelpfultoabettersleep58.JeromeSiegelbelievesthat________.A.WeneedtotakesleepingpillstoimprovesleepB.ModernelectronicproductsdoharmtoagoodsleepC.Thosewhosleepforlessthan7hourswilldieearlyD.Thereisnothingwrongwitha6or7hours’sleep59.Theunderlinedwordmodestprobablymeans________.A.obviousB.awfulC.smallD.large60.Themainideaofthispassageisthat_________.A.Peoplemaynotneedeighthoursofsleepanight.B.peopleneedsleepingpillstohaveagoodsleepC.sleepingpillshavealongwaytogoforsleepimprovementD.Sleepingpillindustrywillsuffergreatlossesfromthenewdiscovery

ThisistheSCIENCEINTHENEWSI'mBarbaraKlein.Animalexpertssayoneoftheworld'smostbeautifulandrarekindsofbigcatisclosetodisappearingfromthewilD.A.studyearlierthisyearfoundthataboutthirtyAmurleopards豹stilllivefreE.ThecatsarealsocalledFarEasternleopards.RecentlytheirnumberhasbeenreducedbyoneSomepersonshotafemaleAmurthenbeathertodeath.Theanimal'sbodywasdiscoveredlastmonthintheBarsovyNationalWildlifeRefugeineasternRussiA.AnofficialoftheWorldWildlifeFundDarronsaidthiswasthethirdsuchkillingintheareainthepastfivesyears.MrCollinssaidthedeathofevenoneadultfemaleisahugelossfortheendangeredcatHenotedthatthekillingreducesthepossibilityforcubs幼兽oryoung.ItisnotclearhowmanyAmurleopardsstilllivefreE.OnepopulationcountwasperformedinFebruaryandMarch.WildlifeexpertDmitryPikuuovledthisstudy.Itfoundevidenceofseventoninemales.ThestudyidentifiedthreetosevenfemaleswithoutcubsFourleopardswereidentifiedasfemaleswithcubs.InallfiveorsixcubswererecordedSixtoeightanimalscouldnotbeidentifieD.MostofthelandwheretheAmurleopardoncelivedwasinChinA.Newroadsandclimatechangetherethreatenedtheanimals.Sodidhunterswhokillbigcatsfortheirbodyparts.Mr.PikuuovsaysadultAmursneedaboutfivehundredsquarekilometerswithgoodforeststosurvivE.HesaidtheyalsoneedalargeandcontinuingsupplyofanimalslikedeerforfooD.HebelievestheanswertosavingtheAmurleopardisforgovernmentstoprovideprotectedspacesforwildlifE.32.Thispassageisprobablyfrom.A.amagazineB.anewspaperreportC.aTVreportD.afilm33.Whyisthekillingofanadultfemaleahugeloss?A.ItcouldleadtothedeathofanadultmalE.B.ItmeansitcannotgivebirthtotheyounganymorE.C.11isworthmoremoneythanamalE.D.ThereisonlyoneadultfemaleintheworlD.34.ThenumberoftheAmurleopardsinChinaisbecomingsmallerbecauseofallthefollowingEXCEPT.A.newroadsB.climatechangeC.humanhuntingD.rarediseases35.AccordingtotheexpertstheAmurleopards.A.arelivingonplantsB.arelivinginthezooC.arewellprotectedbypeopleD.areendangered

Wildlifefacesthreats威胁fromhabitatdestructionpollutionandotherhumanactions.Althoughprotectingwildlifemayseemtoohardattimesevensmallactionsinyourownneighbourhoodcanhelpprotectmanydifferentanimals.Herearesometipsonhowtoprotectwildlifethroughsmallactions.1.CreatewildlifefriendlyareasinyourbackyarD.Whentryingtomakeyourgardenmorebeautifulyoucanchooseplantsthatcanprovidefoodandsheltertonativewildlife.Thiswillalsohelpcutdownonpollution.Addbirdorbathousestoyouryardorgardentoattractandshelterthesespecies.2.Avoidharmingthenaturalecosystem生态系统inyourareA.SomeplantsfromotherplacescankillorharmnativeplantsthatprovidefoodandshelterforwildlifE.3.________________________________________________.Byusinglesswaterandfewerfuelsyouwillbehelpingtoprotectthewildlifearoundyou.Takebusesorthesubwaywhenyoucanturnoffelectricdeviceswhenyou’renotusingthemtakeshortershowerandkeepyourroomtemperatureatorbelow68degreesduringthewinter.4.BuyproductsthatarewildlifefriendlyDon’tbuyproductsthataremadefromendangeredanimals.Keepinmindthatsomeendangeredanimalsarekilledbytrapscatchesorhunterswhoareafterotherwildlifewithinthesamehabitat.5.Donatemoneyortimetoorganizationsthatprotectwildlifeandtheirhabitats.YoucangivemoneytoorganizationorgroupsthatprotectwildlifespeciesinyourneighbourhooD.21.Weinferthatthepurposeofthispassageisto________.A.telluswhyprotectingwildlifeisextremelyimportantnowB.suggestthatweprotectwildlifethroughactionsC.explainwhyprotectingwildlifeisnotashardaspeoplethink.D.giveussometipsonhowtoprotectwildlifethroughsmallactions22.WhichofthefollowingthreatstowildlifeisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.AnimaldiseasesB.LossofhabitatC.PollutionD.Hunters23.What’sthebesttitleforthethirdpoint?A.HaveagreenerlifestylE.B.Uselesswaterandfewerfuels.C.TakeabuswhenyougooutD.TryanewkindoflifE.24.Thewritersuggeststhatwe_________.A.notbuyproductsmadefromanimalsB.sharecarswithotherswhenwegooutC.growasmanykindsofplantsinourgardensaspossibleD.providesheltersforbirdsandbatsinourgardensoryards

PlanningfortheweatherNomatterwhattimeofyearyouvacationinSanDiegobesuretobringalightjacketorsweaterandbringshorts.Duringoursummermonthswehavewarmdaysbutcooleveningsespeciallyifyouareneartheocean.Thosecooleveningscanfeelcoldandfreshifyouarevisitingfromsomeplacethatistypicallyhotanddampallsummer.Andduringourwintermonthswecanhavedaysthatreach80degreesFahrenheit27degreesCelsius.InfactourwintermonthsarethesunniestmonthsoftheyearalongtheSanDiegocoast.HowtogetaroundSanDiegoDecidingwhetheryouneedtorentacarforyourvisittoSanDiego?IfyouareplanningtovisitattractionsinandarounddowntownSanDiegoincludingSeaWorldSanDiegoZooBalboaParkOldTownCoronadoandtheGaslampQuarteralloftheseattractionscanbereadilyaccessedbypublictransportationassumingthehotelorplaceyouarestayinginisclosetoabusortrolleystop.Tourguestscommentonhoweasyitistouseourtransportationsystemhowcleanitisandthelowcostforaone-dayormulti-daypassthatworksonbothbusesandtrolleys.HoweverifyouaregoingtovisitattractionsfurtherawayfromdowntownSanDiegosuchastheSafariParkorLegolandorifyouwanttovisitourlocalmountainsordesertwerecommendacarrental.HowtomaketimeforallthethingstodoOurfinaltipfornowistoplanaheaD.Unlikemostcitieswheretheremaybeafewconcentratedtouristareasandit’seasytofindthingsasyougoSanDiegooffershundredsofattractionsandgueststellustheyareoverwhelmedandcertainlydidn’tplanenoughtimeoncetheyfindhowmuchthereistodoinSanDiego.ManyguestsvisitSanDiegoaspartofanextendedtripthatincludesSanFranciscoandLosAngeles.TheyoftenplanfewerdaysinSanDiegobecausetheyassumeitisthesmallestcitywiththeleasttoofferonlytosaytheywishedtheyhadplannedmoredaysinSanDiegobecauseitoffersmorethingstodoinamuchmorerelaxingenvironment.Byplanningaheadyoucanalsogetdiscountsforvariousattractions.ForexampleyoucansavealotofmoneyatSeaWorldifyoubuyyourticketsinadvanceonlineatavisitorcenterorthroughyourhotel.AnotherreasontoplanaheadisthatsomeattractionscloseearlyorgetsoldoutsinceSanDiegoisabigdestinationformajorconventionsandbigcompaniesbringinginemployeesfromaroundtheworldforspecialeventsinbeautifulsunnySanDiego.46.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.BriefIntroductiontoSanDiegoB.TipsforVisitingSanDiegoC.AttractionsinandaroundSanDiegoD.ReasonsforVisitingSanDiego47.WecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthatinSanDiego.A.thesummermonthsarethesunniestoftheyearB.theweatherissuitableforatourallyearroundC.theweatheralongthecoastismostpleasantD.thewintermonthsaretypicallyverycold48.You’dbetterrentacarifyouaretovisit.A.theGaslampQuarterB.SanDiegoZooC.theSafariParkD.BalboaPark49.WhymaysomeguestsfeelregretfulwhentheyarriveinSanDiego?A.Becausetheycan’tfindcheapandfinehotelstostayin.B.BecausetherearefewertouristattractionsthanexpecteD.C.Becausethetransportationsystemthereisunsatisfactory.D.Becausetheyhaven’tplannedenoughtimetovisitthecity.

Ourplanetwasbornsomebillionsofyearsago.Eversincethisplanethasdevelopedithassurprisedushumanbeings.Nomatterhowmuchwehumanbeingshavedevelopedtechnologicallywecannotevercreatethiskindofnaturalplanet.Thehumanracecanonlydiscoversomeamazingfactsaboutit.LetusfindoutwhatsomeofthemarE.OnSeptember131922ElAziziaaplaceinLibyarecordedatemperatureof136degreesFahrenheit.Thiswasthehighesttemperatureevermeasured测量ontheplanetEarth.ThehighestwaterfallintheworldisAngelFallsinVenezuelawhichdropsfromanamazingheightof3212feet.ThewaterfalldropsovertheedgeofAuyantepuiintheCanaimaNationalPark.Thegravitationalpull万有引力oftheEarthcanbeescapedifsomeonemovesataspeedof6.95milesperseconD.AtsuchaspeedonecouldtravelfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiainjust20seconds.Iftheentirewaterintheworld’soceansevaporatedthesaltwegotfromtheseoceanscouldcovertheentireplanetwitha500-footdeeplayerofsalt.ThedeepestlakeonEarthisLakeBaikalinRussiA.LakeBaikalisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworldcontainingabout20%oftheworld’sunfrozensurfacefreshwater.TheAndesinSouthAmericaspreadsover4525miles.Thisisthelongestmountainrange山脉intheworlD.DidyouknowthatthebiggestvalleyintheworldistheGrandValleyinMesaCountyColoradoandGrandCountyUtah?Itisabout30miles48kmlongand5miles8kmwidealongtheColoradoRiver.TheamazingfactsabouttheeartharetoomanytobetoldcompletelyabovE.34.TheunderlinedwordevaporatedinParagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.A.becamesaltgraduallyB.becameclearslowlyC.changedintowarmerwaterD.changedintogasordisappeared35.Whereisthelongestmountainrangeintheworld?A.InRussiA.B.InLibyA.C.InSouthAmericA.D.AttheOregon-Idahoborder.36.Wecanlearnfromthispassagethat_____.A.LakeBaikalisthebiggestlakeintheworldB.thehighesttemperatureevermeasuredwas136℃C.theAngelFallsdropsfromaheightof3212metersD.oneendoftheGrandValleyisinColoradoandtheotherinUtah

Haveyoueverwonderedwhybirdssing?Maybeyouthoughtthattheywerejusthappy.Afterallyouprobablysingorwhistlewhenyouarehappy.Somescientistsbelievethatbirdsdosingsomeofthetimejustbecausetheyarehappy.Howevertheysingmostofthetimeforaverydifferentreason.Theirsingingisactuallyawarningtootherbirdstostayoutoftheirterritory.Doyouknowwhataterritoryis?A.territoryisanareathatananimalusuallythemaleclaims声称asitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespecies物种arewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyouyoumightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway.Ifsoyouhaveactuallyscaredthestrangerawaywithouthavingtofighthim.Abirddoesthesamething.Butheexpectsanoutsideralmostanytimeespeciallyatnesting筑巢season.Soheisscreamingallthetimewhetherhecanseeanoutsiderornot.Thisscreamingiswhatwecallabird’ssonganditisusuallyenoughtokeepanoutsideraway.Birdssingloudestinthespringwhentheyaretryingtoattractamateandwarnothersnottoentertheterritoryoftheirs.Youcanseethatbirdshavealanguagealltheirown.Mostofithassomethingtodowithattractingmatesandsettingupterritories.21.Somescientistsbelievethatmostofthetimebirds’singingisactually.A.awayofwarningB.anexpressionofhappinessC.anexpressionofangerD.awayofgreeting22.Whatisabird’sterritory?A.Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepted.B.Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.C.Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.D.AplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsVoice.23.Whydobirdskeeponsingingatnestingseason?A.BecausetheywanttoinvitemorefriendsB.Becausetheywanttofindoutsidersaround.C.Becausetheirsinginghelpsfrightenoutsidersaway.D.Becausetheirsinginghelpsgetridoftheirfears.24.Howdoesthewriterexplainbirds’singing?A.Bycomparingbirdswithhumanbeings.B.Byreportingexperimentresults.C.Bydescribingbirds’dailylife.D.Bytellingabird'sstory.

Plasticbagshaven’talwaysbeenPublicEnemyNo.1.Introducedin1982theysoonoccupiedthegrocerybagmarker.By199680percentofallbagsweremadefromlightweightplastics.Customerslovedthem.Theybecamethinnerlighterandabletocontainmorematerialsconveniently.ThatrestrictingthedistributionofplasticbagswillhavesignificantenvironmentalbenefitsandreducecostismostlyuntruE.Banningplasticbagswon’tbagsarefoundtobeatinypartofalllittersobanningthemhasverylittleimpactontheamountoflittergenerateD.There’snoevidencethatbanningplasticbagshasreducedlitterremovalcostsanditwon’tdomuchinthewayofreducingtrashcollectioncostseither.Intheseatheimpactmaybeevensmaller.Plasticbagshavenotcausedagiantlandfill废弃物填埋场.Sureplasticsintheoceanshaveincreasedoverthepastfourdecades.Yettheideathatthishasresultedinabiglandfillatiscontradictedbytheevidencewhichshowsthatmostplasticsintheoceansarewidelydispersed分散andintheformoftinypieces.Surveyssuggestthatmostpeoplereusetheirlightweightplasticbagsmainlyfortrashdisposalandonaverageeachoneisused1.6timesBycontrastpaperbagsaretypicallyusedonlyoncE.Thethickerplasticbagsnowbeingpromotedasreusablearetypicallyusedabout3.1times.ItisunwisetointroducerestrictionsonthedistributionofplasticbagswhichislikelytoresultinanincreaseintheoverallenvironmentalimpactofthebagsweusetoshopnottomentionthatreusablebagsarekindofdisgustingfromthepublichealthperspectivE.Puttingfoodintobagsthathavepreviouslybeenusedtocarryperishable易腐烂的itemsmaycauseahealthrisk.29.Thereasonwhyplasticbagsarepopularwithcustomersisthat.A.theyareeasytocarryB.theyaretheonlychoicE.C.theyarecheapandaffordableD.theyareavailableingroceries.30.Whydoestheauthorsaybanningplasticbagsmakesnodifferencetothequantityoflitter?A.Becauseplasticbagstakeupasmallpartofthewholelitter.B.Becausebanningplasticbagshasincreasedlitterremovalcosts.C.Becausethebanningplasticbagswon’tnecessarilymakelitterdisappear.D.Becausethebanningofplasticbagshasn’tanyenvironmentalbenefits.31.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph3impliesthat.A.mostoftheplasticscanbewellrecycledatseaB.whetherplasticsgatheratseaiscontroversialC.actuallyplasticsdon’tlendtolargelandfillsatseaD.noevidenceshowsthatplasticsharmtheseA.32.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseofplasticbags?A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.CriticalD.Supportive

WhilehomeworkinkindergartenrequirescoloringandlearningtheABC'sthehighschoolhomeworkloadhasbecomeincreasinglydifficultandtime-consuming.耗费时间的IthinkhomeworktakesalongtimetodoRossPerryGrade10saiD.Ithelpsyoulearnsometimesbutnotreallythatmuch.Istayupuntilmidnightdoinghomeworkandsometimesthereisnopointinevenstartingtodoit.HallieRojeskiajuniorhighteachertriesnottogiveherclasseshomeworkhopingnottodiscouragestudents.Itrytogiveminimal最小限度的homeworkbecausestudentsshouldbeplayingandtakingexercisemorethanworkinginsideallday.Studentsusuallydon'thavegoodstudyhabitswhentheycomeintothe7thand8thgradE.Iofferanecessaryafter-schoolassignment功课sotheywilllearnthem.Teenagersareencouragedtoget8-9hoursofsleepandparticipateinsportsorphysicalactivityoutsideschool.With2-3hoursofhomeworkitcanbedifficulttodoeverything.HomeworktakesdifferentamountsoftimebasedonwhatcoursesstudentstakE.IgivemySpanishstudentslittlebitsofhomeworkMelodyDownieaSpanishteachersaiD.Thatisaboutwhatwelearnedinclassbecauseforaforeignlanguageyouneedtodoworkthatreinforces巩固whatwelearn.Ihardlygivemyhistoryclasshomework.WhenstudentsdotheirhomeworktheyshouldbeinaquietareaHallieRojeskisaiD.Theyalsoneedtodoworkfor30minutesandthentakea10-minutebreakbecauseitishardforstudentstokeepfocusedforalongtimE.TheUniversityofMichiganfoundinarecentstudythattheamountofhomeworkhadincreasedby51%since1981.HarrisCooperatDukeUniversitysaysthatstudentswhodosmallamountsofhomeworkdobetterontheirtestsbutwhentheyexceed60-90minutesofhomeworkthetestscoresfall.HomeworkisgiventomotivatestudentstolearnPrincipalGarySchultzsaiD.Repeatingwhattheylearninschoolhelpsthemtorememberandlearnthingsfortests.Somekidsdonotneedhomeworktolearnbutmostdo.Ibelievepracticemakesperfect.21.AccordingtoRossPerrydoinghomework__________.A.isreallyawasteoftimeB.issometimesunnecessaryforstudentsC.isusuallyagreathelptostudentsD.isalwaysagoodwayoflearning22.ThereasonwhyHallieRojeskigivesherstudentsminimalhomeworkisthatshethinks______.A.toomuchhomeworkwillmakestudents'testscoresfallB.studentsshouldlearngoodstudyingandlivinghabitsC.littlebitsofhomeworkwillreinforcewhatstudentslearninclassD.itistoohardforstudentstofocusonschoolassignmentforalongtime23.Theunderlinedwordexceedcanbereplacedby________?A.finishB.doC.areagainstD.arebeyond24.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Studentsdonotlikedoingtoomuchhomework.B.Properamountsofhomeworkarenecessary.C.Studentsdonotneedtodoafter-schoolhomework.D.Morehomeworkshouldbegiventomotivatestudents.

A.treasuretrovehiddenforcenturieshasbeendiscoveredintheundergroundvaults墓穴ofatempleinsouthernIndiA.Thetreasuresincludegolddiamondsandpreciousstones.Theestimatedvalueofthehoardisreportedly22billionUSdollars.HundredsofarmedpolicehavebeendeployedaroundthetemplE.Meanwhileadebateabouthowtousethemoneyhasalsobrokenoutacrossthecountry.AfterdiscoveringthetreasuretroveinSriPadmanabhaswamyTempleinthesouthernIndianstateofKeralathelocalgovernmenthasassuredsecurityofthetemplE.Elaborating详述onthesecurityarrangementsVenugopalanNairAdditionalDirectorGeneraloftheKeralaPolicesaysthelatestsecuritydevicesarebeingusedtoguardthetemplE.VenugopalanNairAdditionalDir.Gen.ofKeralaPolicesaidWearetryingtobringinthelatesttechnologywithregardstosurveillance监视cameraswithregardstoyouknowdigitalizingthevariousthingswhichareavailableinsidE.WearekeepingaconstantsortofsurveillanceforeverymovementwhichhappensinthewholeareasurroundingthetemplE.AccordingtotempleauthoritiesthecrowdatthetemplehasincreasedsteeplyafternewsofthediscoveryofthetreasuretrovE.AndtheAdministrativeOfficeroftheTemplesaysthegovernmenthasinitiatedappropriatestepstocontrolthecuriouscrowdsvisitingthetemplE.G.JayasekharanNairadministrativeofficersaidTocontrolthecrowdsthegovernmentitselfistakingalotofmeasures.Theyaretryingtodowhateverispossiblefromthepremises房屋ofthetemplE.Apartfromallthatthegovernmenthastakenafavorablestepandwearesatisfiedwiththem.Overthelastweekaseven-memberteamofinvestigatorsbrokeintofivesecretsubterraneanvaultsanddiscoveredjewelsthathavebeenlyinguntouchedforhundredsofyears.Asestimatesofthetreasures'worthriseafiercedebateisgrowingregardingwhattodowiththediscovery.Kerala'stopelectedleadersaidthewealthwouldremainwiththetemplewhileotherssayitshouldbeusedtopayforpovertyalleviation扶贫.HoweverthegovernmentisstandingfortheSupremeCourt'srulingonownershipofthetreasurefoundinthetemplE.33.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thetreasuresincludegolddiamondsandsomeoldcoins.B.ThetreasuretrovehasbeenlyingunknownforhundredsofyearsbeforeitisdiscovereD.C.ThelocalpeopleareverycuriousaboutthetreasureandthetemplE.D.Thewholeareasurroundingthetempleisunderclosewatch.34.WhatG.JayasekharanNairsaidmeansthat.A.whatthegovernmentdoesmeanslittleB.thecrowdwillmaketroublewithoutpropercontrolC.moreeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenD.thetempleisofgreatvalue35.Howwillthegovernmentdealwiththetreasurementionedinthepassage?A.Itwillbeusedtopayforpovertyalleviation.B.Itwillbereturnedtoitsowner.C.Itwillbekeptinthevaults.D.Ithasn’tbeendecidedyet.

Whydomendieearlierthanwomen?Thelatestresearchmakesitknownthatthereasoncouldbethatmen’sheartsgointorapiddecline衰退whentheyreachmiddleagE.Thelargeststudyoftheeffectsofageingonthehearthasfoundthatwomen’slongevitymaybelinkedtothefactthattheirheartshardlylosetheirpumpingpower供血动力withagE.Wehavefoundthatthepowerofthemaleheartfallsby20---25percentbetween18and70yearsofagesaidtheheadofthestudyDavidGoldspinkofLiverpoolJohnMooresUniversityintheUK.Withinthehearttherearemillionsofcells细胞thatenableittobeat.Betweentheageof20and70one-thirdofthosecellsdieandarenotreplacedinmensaidGoldspink.Thisispartoftheageingprocess衰老过程.Whatsurprisesscientistsisthatthefemaleheartseesverylittleloss损失ofthesecells.A.healthy70-year-oldwoman’sheartcouldperformalmostaswellasa20-year-oldone’s.Thisgender性别differencemightjustexplainwhywomenlivelongerthanmensaidGoldspink.Theystudiedmorethan250healthymenandwomenbetweentheagesof18and80concentratingonhealthypersonstoremovetheconfusinginfluenceofdiseasE.TheteamwillhavetofindwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemaleheartsaidGoldspink.ThegoodnewsisthatmencanimprovethehealthoftheirheartwithregularexercisE.Goldspinkstressed强调thatwomenalsoneedregularexercisetopreventtheirlegmuscles肌肉becomingsmallerandweakerastheyagE.29.Theunderlinedwordlongevityinthesecondparagraphprobablyrefersto_________.A.longlifeB.healthC.effectD.ageing30.AccordingtothetexttheUKscientistshaveknownthat_________.A.thefemaleheartlosesfewofthecellswithageB.womencanreplacethecellsthatenablethehearttobeatC.womenhavemorecellsthanmenwhentheyarebornD.womenneverlosetheirpumpingpowerwithage31.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat_______.A.thereasonwhyageingtakesagreaterlossonthemalehearthasbeenfoundoutB.theteamhasdonesomethingtopreventthemalefromsufferingthegreaterlossC.womenover70couldlosemoreheartcellsthanthoseattheageof20D.scientistsareonthewaytofindingoutwhythemaleheartlosesmoreofthecells

HankViscardiwasbornwithoutlegs.Hehad—notlegsbutstumps残肢thatcouldhefittedwithakindofspecialbootsPeoplestaredathimwithcruelinterest.Childrenlaughedathimandcalledhim‘ApeMan’猿人becausehisarmspracticallydraggedonthegrounD.Hankwenttoschoollikeotherboys.HisgradesweregoodandheneededonlyeightyearstofinishhisschoolinginsteadoftheusualtwelvE.AftergraduatingfromschoolheworkedhiswaythroughcollegE.Hesweptfloorswaitedontableorworkedinoneofthecollegeoffices.Duringallthisbusylifehehadbeenmovingaroundonhisstumps.Butonedaythedoctortoldhimeventhestumpswerenotgoingtolastmuchlonger.Hewouldsoonhavetouseawheelchair.Hankfelthimselfgotcoldallover.Howeverthedoctorsaidtherewasachancethathecouldbefittedwithartificiallegs假腿.FinallyalegmakerwasfoundandthedaycamewhenHankstoodupbeforethemirrorForthefirsttimehesawhimselfashehasalwayswantedtobe——afullfivefeeteightinchestall.Bythistimehewasalready26yearsolD.Hankhadtolearntousehisnewlegs.Againandagainhemarchedthelengthoftheroomandmarchedbackagain.Thereweretimeswhenhefelldownonthefloorbuthepulledhimselfupandwentbacktotheendlessmarching.Hewentoutonthestreet.HeclimbedstairsandlearnedtodancE.Hebuiltaboatandlearnedtosailit.WhenWorldWarIIcamehetalkedtheRedCrossintogivinghimajoB.Hetooktheregulartraining.hemarchedanddrilledalongwiththeothersoldiers.Fewknewthathewaslegless.ThiswasthetruestoryofHankViscardiamanwithoutlegs.21.ChildrenlaughedatHankandcalledhim‘ApeMan’because______.A.hedidn’ttalktothemB.hekeptawayfromthemC.hisarmstouchedthegroundwhenhemovedD.hecouldn’tusehisarms22.Itcanbeinferredfromthestorythatfivefeeteightinchestallis______.A.anaverageheightforafullygrownpersonB.tootallforanaveragepersonC.tooshortforanaveragepersonD.noneoftheabove23.ThesentencehetalkedtheRedCrossintogivinghimajobimpliesthattheRedCross_____.A.wasonlygladtogivehimajobB.gavehimajobbecausehewasagoodsoldierC.gavehimajobafterhetalkedtosomeonewhomheknewintheorganizationD.wasnotwillingtogivehimajobatfirst24.WhenHankmarchedanddrilledalongwiththeothersoldiershe______.A.dideverythingtheothersoldiersdidB.didmostofthethingstheothersoldiersdidC.didsomeofthethingstheothersoldiersdidD.tooksomespecialtraining

Lastnight’smeteor流星showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemandinganswers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclildEmeraldValley’smayorpeoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecitycarryingheavytelescopesexpectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenedbythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverheaD.MyfamilywassofrustratedadmittedtownresidentDuaneCosbyWewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyoutingbutitturnedouttobeahugedisappointment.Astronomers—scientistswhostudystarsandplanets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.ThispopulationconsistsofbirdsbatsfrogssnakesetC.Forexampleoutdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating迁徙的birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrasheswithlightedbuildingsandtowers.Countlessmoreanimalscasualties伤亡resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearlypeopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheireveningsbutsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumanstoo.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.ForyearsFlagstaffArizonahasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwideandamovementisunderwaytoremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthemsothatothercreaturescansharethenight.32.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A.MeteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbeforE.B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting.33.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B.Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C.VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduceD.D.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.34.LightingregulationsinFlagstaffArizonaareputintoeffectto______.A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony35.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.

Doctorsinhospitalemergencyroomsoftenseeaccidentalpoisonings中毒.A.frightenedparentarriveswithachildwhoswallowedacleaningliquiD.OrperhapstheharmfulsubstanceisamedicinE.Oritmightbeachemicalproductmeanttokillinsects.Thesearecommoncausesofaccidentalpoisoning.IncaseslikethislookformedicalhelpassoonaspossiblE.Savethecontainerofwhatevercausedthepoisoning.Andlookonthecontainerforinformationaboutanythingthatstopstheeffectsofthepoison.Saveanythingexpelled被强迫排除fromthemouthofthevictim.Thatwaydoctorscanexamineit.Inthepastsomepeopleforcedpoisoningvictimstoemptythestomach.Theyusedaliquidsyrupofipecac催呕剂todothis.Butanorganizationofchildren’sdoctorsnolongeradvisesparentstokeepsyrupofipecaC.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssayssomepoisonscancauseadditionaldamagewhentheycomebackupthethroat.Millionsofpeopleknowawaytosaveapersonwhoischokingonsomethingtrappedinthethroat.ThemethodiscommonlyknownastheHeimlichManeuverorabdominalthrusts.TheAmericanRedCrosssaysarescuershouldfirsthitthepersononthebackfivetimesbetweentheshoulderbones.Thesebackblowsmayeasethechoking.IftheairwayisstillblockedtheRedCrosssuggestspushinghardfivetimesalongthevictim’sabdomen.Theabdomenistheareabetweenthechestandthehip臀bones.25.Savethecontainerofwhatevercausedthepoisoningto____.A.lookforharmfulinformationB.lookonitC.useittobreakthepoisonD.lookformedicalhelp26.Whyareparentsadvisednottokeepsyrupofipecac?A.Tokeepthestomachempty.B.ToavoidmoredamagE.C.TokeepsyrupofipecacsafE.D.Tokeepthestomachfull.27.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphistotellusabout_____.A.awaytopreventapersonfromchoking.B.theabdominalthrustsC.awaytocurechokingD.theabdomen28.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.LearningthebasicsoffirstaidB.AccidentalpoisoningsC.CommoncausesofaccidentalpoisoningD.Poisoningsandfirstaid

Ourenvironmentisn’tasgreenandbeautifulasitshouldbE.Therearesteel钢铁monstersblockingoutthesunblowingoutdangeroussmokeandlettingoutpoisonouschemicalsintoriverscarsproducingharmfulwastegaspeoplethrowingoutwasteinawrongwayandallotherkindsofsourcesthatruintheplanet.Facingcurrentenvironmentalproblemspeopleneedtodotheirbesttosavetheearth.Youcanseemanybiggarbagedustbinsinthestreets.They’renotthereforashowbutforyoutodropyourwastE.Weshouldrealizethatwhatwedodoescount.Sonexttimeyougetthaturgetothrowgumorachocolatepackageoutofthecarwindoworaccidentallydropasyouwalkdownthestreetaskyourselfhowmuchwasteyou’vebeencontributingtotheenvironmentwiththatbadhabitgoingonforyears.Athomethefirstthingwecandotoprotecttheenvironmentisavoidlettingwaterruncontinuouslyandmakesurethattaps水龙头arenotleaky漏的whichwouldhelpgreatlyinscrimping.Anotheristouseenergy-savinglightsandturnthemoffbeforeyouleavetherooms.Itisnotonlyenergy-savingbutalsocutsdownelectricitycosts.RecyclingisamethodtomakeitemsreusablE.Manythingsyouwanttothrowoutcanbemadeintonewproductsthroughthereproducingprocess.Useyourimaginationtocomeupwithwaysonthingsthatyoucanuseagain.Passthemessageofsimplewaystosavetheenvironmentontokids.Startingwithkidsisagoodwayofteachingthemessageearlyintheirlivesinthehopethattheycancarryitforwardastheygrowolder.Withenvironmentalprotectionawarenessinmindwecandowhatwecanfortheresultsaretohaveabigeffectontheplanet.AslongaswedoourparttheworldisonesmallstepclosertobeingsaveD.29.Inthefirstparagraphtheauthorusessteelmonsterstodescribe________.A.hugebuildingsB.highmountainsC.bigfactoriesD.charactersinfairystories30.Fromthefifthparagraphwecanknowthat________.A.protectingtheenvironmentbeginswithsmallchoresB.protectingtheenvironmentshouldstartfromchildhooD.C.wonderfullifecomesfromenvironmentalprotectionD.protectingtheenvironmentbenefitsthecountryandthepeople31.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.ThemorepeopledotheirpartthegreenertheenvironmentwillbE.B.Sellingwhatyoudon’twantanymoreisakindofrecycling.C.Toprotecttheenvironmentmayhelpyousavesomemoney.D.Yourbadhabitsfortheenvironmentareavaluablecontribution.32.Thepassageismainlyabout_____________.A.theuseofgarbagedustbinsB.howtosavewaterandelectricityC.howtosavetheenvironmentD.ourcurrentenvironmentalproblems

AyoungmannamedCharlesLyellhaddifferentideas.HewroteabookaboutthemcalledPrinciplesofGeology地质学.TheearthaccordingtoLyellwasnotonlythousandsofyearsolditwasmillionsofyearsolD.Asto关于thecommonbeliefthatchangesintheearth’ssurfacehappensuddenlybecauseofasingleearthquakeorfloodhesaidthatthismighthappenonceinawhilebutusuallythesechangestookplaceveryslowly.HebelievedthatthesurfaceoftheearthhadbeenchangingfromthebeginningoftimE.Thechangeshesaidwerecausedbythelong-termactionofthewindsandseasandbyforcessuchasvolcanoesbreakingoutundertheearth’ssurfacE.OnceinagreatwhilehethoughtamountainmightappearforthefirsttimeafteranearthquakE.Butusuallymountainswouldriseslowlyandsteadily.ProfessorHenslowwasinterestedinLyell’sideasbuthedidnotactuallybelievethem.CharlesDarwincouldnotmakeuphismindaboutthem.ButtheysethimthinkingalonglineswhichwouldlaterchangethebeliefsofthoughtfulpeopleallovertheworlD.7AtCambridgeCharlesDarwinstudiedjustenoughtopasstheexaminationandreceivedhiscollegedegreein1831.Duringthistimehehadbecomemoreandmoreinterestedingeology.AttheendoftheschoolyearhewenttoNorthWaleswithoneofhisteacherstoexaminetherockformations构成andtosearchforfossils化石.Fossilsaretheremainsofancientlivingthings.Theyareusuallyfoundfixedinrocksintheearth’scrust地壳.Fossilsmaybeofanimalssuchasfishinsectsbirdsorhumans.Theymaybeofplantsfromtinyleavestohugetrees.Whenalivingcreaturediesitusuallydecays腐烂oriseatenbyanimals.Howeverifitsinksintoariverbed河床orisquicklycoveredbytheblowingsandsofadesertstormthebonesarekeptupintheearth.Overmanyyearsthesoftinnerpartsofabonedisappearleavingtheinsidehollow空的.Watercontainingmineralentersintothehollow.SlowlythemineralhardensandmakesthebonehardandheavylikestonE.1.AccordingtoCharlesLyellitismainlythattheearthhasbeenformedliketoday’sshapE.A.fromthebeginningoftimeB.pastsomeexperiencesofbigfloodC.overaverylongperiodofyearsD.becauseofseveralbigearthquakes2.CharlesLyellbelievedthefactthatamountainisformed.A.morebyseasthanbyvolcanoesB.moreslowlythansuddenlyC.morebyanearthquakethanbywindsD.moresteadilythanquickly3.ThemainpurposeofDarwin’sgoingtoNorthWaleswasto.A.makeastudyoffossilsB.appreciatetherockinformationC.todoresearchworkintodeadanimalsD.lookforplantsfromtinyleavestohugetrees4.Inwhichorderarefossilsformed?A.A.livingthingsinksintoariverbedorsands.B.Watergoesintoabonehollowtogetherwithmineral.C.Somethingsoftinabonedisappears.D.ThehardenedmineralmakestheboneharD.E.ThebonebecomeshollowinsidE.A.abcdeB.cabedC.acebdD.ecdba

Peoplewhosmokecouldlosearoundonethirdoftheireverydaymemoryresearcherssay.AstudybyateamattheUniversityofNorthumbriahasshownthatsmokerslosemoreoftheirmemorywhencomparedtonon-smokers.Andtheresearchalsofoundthatthosewhokickedthehabitsawtheirabilitytorecollectinformationrestoredtoalmostthesamelevelasnon-smokers.Thestudyinvolvedmorethanseventy18-to25-year-oldvolunteersandincludedatouroftheuniversity’scampus.Thosewhotookpartwereaskedtorecall回忆回想smalldetailssuchasmusicactslistedtoplayatthestudents’unionandtaskscompletedatvariouspoints---knownasareal-worldmemorytest.Smokersperformedbadlyrememberingjust59percentoftasks.Butthosewhohadgivenupsmokingremembered74percentandthosewhohadneversmokedrecalled81percentoftasks.Dr.TomHeffernanwholeadsNorthumbriaUniversity’sCollaborationforDrugandAlcoholResearchGroupsaidthefindingswouldbeusefulinanti-smokingcampaigns.HesaidGiventhatthereareupto10millionsmokersintheUKandasmanyas45millioninAmericait’simportanttounderstandtheeffectsthatsmokinghasoneverydaycognitivefunction.Thisisthefirsttimethatastudyhassetouttoexaminewhethergivingupsmokinghasaneffectonmemory.Wealreadyknowthatgivingupsmokinghashugehealthbenefitstothebodybutthisstudyalsoshowshowstoppingsmokingcanbringaseriesofbenefitstocognitivefunction.Theresearchwillnowinvestigatetheeffectsofsecond-handsmokingonmemorywhileDr.Heffernanwilllookintothird-handsmokingsuchastoxins毒素leftoncurtainsandfurniturE.45.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEffectsThatSmokingHasonHealthB.NewResearchonThird-HandSmokingC.SmokersHaveMuchWorseEverydayMemoryD.Anti-SmokingCampaignsAreActiveAroundtheWorld46.Theunderlinedwordskickedthehabitinthesecondparagraphcanbereplacedby___________.A.givingupsmokingB.smokedattimesC.smokedregularlyD.hatedsmoking47.Whatwasthereal-worldmemorytestlike?A.Itneededyoungvolunteerstocompletesometasks.B.Itwasaboutmakingatouroftheuniversity’scampus.C.Itneededvolunteerstoactatthestudents’union.D.Itinvolvedatourandaprocessofrecallingsomedetails.48.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat___________.A.AmericahastwiceasmanysmokersastheUKB.theresearchfindingswillhelpanti-smokingcampaignsC.theeffectsofsecond-handsmokingonmemoryhavebeenfoundbythestudyD.thosewhohavestoppedsmokinghaveasgoodamemoryasnon-smokers

bambooisoneofthenature’smostsurprisingplants.Manypeoplecallthisplantatreebutitisakindofgrass.Likeotherkindsofgrassabambooplantmaybecutverylowtothegroundbutitwillgrowbackveryquickly.A.Japanesescientistrecordedonebambooplantthatgrewalmost1.5metersin24hours!BamboogrowsalmosteverywhereintheworldexceptEuropE.Therearemorethan1000kindsofbamboothatgrowaroundtheworldonbothmountainsandplains.NotallbamboolooksthesamE.Somebambooplantsareverythin.Theymayonlygrowtobeafewcentimeterswidewhileothersmaygrowtomorethan30centimetersacross.Thisplantalsocomesindifferentcolorsfromyellowtoblacktogreen.ManyAsiancountrieshavebeenusingbambooforhundredsofyears.Theyoftenusebambooforbuildingnewbuildings.AsamatteroffactthecablesthatholdupthehangingbridgeacrosstheMinRiverinSichuanaremadeofbamboo.Thebridgehasbeeninuseformorethan1000yearsandisstillholdingstrong.InAfricaengineersareteachingpoorfarmershowtofindwaterusingbamboo.TheseAfricancountriesneedcheapwaystofindwaterbecausetheyhavenomoneyandtheirfieldsoftendiefromnorainandnowater.ItseemsthatbambooisoneofthebestthingstheycanusE.BamboopipesanddrillscanhelptomakethepoorthirstyfieldstobewatereD.1.Howisbamboolikegrass?A.Itisthinandeasytocut.B.ItgrowseverywherE.C.Itisshortandgreen.D.Itgrowsquicklyafterit'scutshort.2.Thesentencewhileothersmaygrowtomorethan30centimetersacross.meansSomeotherbambooplantsmaygrowtobevery_______.A.shortB.strongC.thickD.tall3.Fromthetextweknow______.A.mostpeoplecallbambooplanttreesB.thebambooplantchangesitscolorswhenitgrowsC.abambooplantmaygrow4.5metersinthreedaysD.abridgeheldbybamboocablewasbuiltthousandsofyearsago4.WhydidtheengineersteachthepoorfarmersinAfricatomakeuseofbamboo?A.BecauseitisusedbyAsians.B.Becauseitiscolorful.C.Becauseitdrillsfast.D.Becauseitischeap.

Somepeoplearepessimistic悲观的whentheythinkaboutthefuturE.Theysaythatahundredyearsfromnowwewillhaveusedmostoftheearth'sresources.Wewillhavepollutedourseasbadlyandbeunabletoeatfishfromthem.Wewillhavemadetheairsodirtythatwewillneedtowearmasks.Theworld'spopulationwillhavedoubledandwewillhaveusedallthecountrysideforhousing;therewillbenofarmlandleft.OtherpeoplebelievethatManadaptsveryeasily.TheyhaveadifferentideaofthefuturE.Howintheirviewswillpeoplebelivinginahundredyears'time?OnearchitectbelievesthatManwillmoveoffthelanD.Hesuggeststhatthecityofthefuturewillbeahugepyramid­shapedbuildingwhichwillbefloatingonthesurfaceoftheseA.About5000familieswillbelivingthereandthebuildingwillcontainshopsandschoolsaswellashomes.Bylivingontheseawewillgivethefarmersmorelandtogrowcrops.Asforoilpeoplewillnolongerneedit:wewillbeheatingourhomeswithpowerfromthesun.Andwewillnotbeshortofmineralsbecausethereareplentyunderouroceans.Atthemomentwedonothavethetechnologytogetthemout.Butinahundredyears'timetheoptimistssaythenewseacitieswillbeusingtheseresources.Whatwillbeintheshopsintheyear3000?Whatwillpeoplebewearing?Howwillpeoplebetraveling?Scientistswhomakepredictionsaboutthefuturesuggestthatbytheyear3000shopswillnolongerexist.Computerswillhavereplacesthem;andpeoplewillordergoodsfromhomE.Peoplewillbewearingverylightthinclothes.Bythistimescientistswillhaveinventedafabricthatkeepsuscoolinhotweatherandwarmincoldweather.Asfortraveltheexpertssaythatmostpeoplewillbeusingpublictransport.Electriccarswillbetravelingthroughthestreetsdayandnight.Anybodywillbeabletostoponeanduseit.AninterestingpicturE.UnfortunatelywewillnotbetheretoseeifthesepredictionscometruE.29.Pessimistsbelievethatinthefuture________.A.theseasandoceanswillbefullofhousesB.we'llhaveusedupalltheresourcesC.wewillnothaveenoughfishtoeatfromtheseasD.wewillhavepollutedtheairsobadlythatitwillbeimpossibleforustobreathe30.Optimistssuggestthat________.A.allthelandwillbetoopollutedtobecroppedonB.pyramidswillbethemostcommonly­usedhousesC.peoplewillbeusingthepowerfromthesuninsteadofoilD.wewillbeshortofmaterialseventhoughwegetthemfromundertheoceans31.ScientistshavemadethepredictionsEXCEPT________.A.electriccarswillbegoingalongthestreetscontinuouslyB.theresourcesundertheoceanswillneverbeusedupC.peoplewillorderfromhomeD.peoplewon'tsufferfromcoldanylonger

Parentswilldoanythingfortheirchildren.Whetheritwouldbethefoodclothesortheplacetheyliveparentswillalwaysmakesuretheirchildrenhavethebestofeverything.Oneofthebiggestconcernsthatparentscurrentlyhaveiseducatingtheirchildren.Theyarefacedwithlotsofdifficultieswhenitcomestoeducationfortheiryoungones.Choicesincludeprivateschoolcharterschool特许学校publicschoolorhomeschooling.Fortunatelyforparentsthereareavarietyofdifferentstrategiesthataparentcantakeinordertoincreasetheirchild'sskillsandoverallintelligencE.AccordingtoRossA.ThompsonPhDprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisachild'sbrainwillactuallyreach90%ofitsfullsizebythetimetheystartkindergarten.ResearchersatNorthwesternUniversityinChicagoconcludedthatplayingamusicalinstrumentdirectlyaffectedthebrainstem脑干thelowersectionofthebrain.Moreoverchildrenthatlearnaninstrumentatanearlyagetendtocontinueitwhentheyareolder.Andnumerousstudiesshowthatawellbalancedmealisessentialforachild'smentalandphysicalhealth.ItisrecommendedthatparentsteachtheirchildrentwolanguagesatoncE.Researchsuggeststhatasecondlanguageshouldbetaughtwhenchildrenareinpreschool.OtherstudiesstatethatthreetofouryearsofageistheperfecttimE.ClearlyanyageunderfourwouldworkperfectlyfineforachilD.TheaveragechildwilllearnhowtoreadbetweenkindergartenandsecondgradE.Manyparentscangivetheirchildrenajumpstartbyteachingthemtoreadbeforetheystartschool.Childrencouldhaveanadequatebackgroundofthealphabetandsoundsofwordsbeforeattendingschool.Thiscanbedonebysimplyreadingtothemwheneveryouwant.ThemorecomfortabletheygettheeasiertheprocesswillbE.28.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat_____________.A.parentsfindithardtosatisfytheirkids'variousdemandsB.parentsmeetanewchallengewhenraisingtheirkidsC.parentshavemorechoicesinofferingeducationtotheirkidsD.parentsgetactivelyinvolvedintheprocessoftheirkids'growth29.Whatsuggestionmaytheresearchersinthepassagemake?A.TotrainkidsasearlyaspossiblE.B.TotryasmanymeansaspossiblE.C.TohelpkidsdevelopasfullyaspossiblE.D.TouseasmanyavailableresourcesaspossiblE.30.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlydiscussabout?A.Thepropertimetoteachchildrentolearnlanguages.B.Theeffectivewaystohelpdevelopchildren'sbrains.C.Thevitalfactorstohaveagreateffectonchildren'shealth.D.Thepracticalstepstoarousechildren’sinterestinstudy.31.Wecanreplacethewordsjumpstartinthelastparagraphwith____________.A.inspirationB.introductionC.suggestionD.promotion

Nuclearpower's核能的dangertohealthsafetyandevenlifeitselfcanbedescribedinoneword;radiation辐射.Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysteryaboutitpartlybecauseitcannotbedetected探测byhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheardortouchedortastedeventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexampleradiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan'tdetectthemsensethemwithoutaradioreceiver.Similarlywecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector.Butunlikecommonradiowavesnuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.Atveryhighlevelsradiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingoutrightbykillingmassesofcells细胞inimportantorgans器官.ButeventhelowestlevelscandoseriousdamagE.ThereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafE.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportantthedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehitandiftheyarekilledoutright.Yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.ButifthefewcellsareonlydamagedandiftheyreproducethemselvesyoumaybeintroublE.Theyreproducethemselvesinanunusualway.Theycangrowintocancer.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.SeriousdamagecanbedonewithouttheknowledgeofthepersonatthetimethatdamagehasoccurreD.A.personcanbeirradiated放射治疗andfeelfinethendieofcancerfivetenortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakoreasytogetseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbedbyitsgrandparents.Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.21.Accordingtothepassagethedangerofnuclearpowerliesin__________.A.nuclearmysteryB.radiationdetectionC.radiationlevelD.nuclearradiation22.Radiationcanleadtoseriousresultsevenatthelowestlevel________.A.whenitkillsfewcellsB.ifitdamagesfewcellsC.thoughthedamagedcellscanrepairthemselvesD.unlessthedamagedcellscanreproducethemselves23.Radiationcanhurtusinthewaythatitcan_____.A.killlargenumbersofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediatelyB.damagecellswhichmaygrowintocanceryearslaterC.affectthehealthygrowthofouryoungergenerationD.leadtoalloftheaboveresults24.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestinferredfromthepassage?A.Theimportanceofprotectionfromradiationcannotbeoveremphasized过分强调.B.ThemysteryaboutradiationremainsunsolveD.C.Cancerismainlycausedbyradiation.D.Radiationcanhurtthosewhodonotknowaboutitsdanger.

Anewstudyshowsstudentswhowritenotesbyhandduringlecturesperformbetteronexamsthanthosewhouselaptops.Studentsareincreasinglyusinglaptopsfornote-takingbecauseofspeedandlegibility清晰度.Buttheresearchhasfoundlaptopusersarelessabletorememberandapplytheconceptstheyhavebeentaught.ResearchersperformedexperimentsthataimedtofindoutwhetherusingalaptopincreasedthetendencytomakenotesmindlesslybytalkingdownwordwhichtheprofessorssaiD.Inthefirstexperimentstudentsweregiveneitheralaptoporpenandpaper.Theylistenedtothesamelecturesandweretoldtousetheirusualnote-takingskills.Thirtyminutesafterthetalktheywereexaminedontheirabilitytorememberfactsandonhowwelltheyunderstoodconcepts.TheresearchersfoundthatlaptopuserstooktwiceasmanynotesasthosewhowrotebyhanD.Howeverthetypistsperformedworseatrememberingandapplyingtheconcepts.Bothgroupsscoredsimilarlywhenitcametomemorizingfacts.Theresearchers'reportsaidWhilemorenotesarebeneficialifthenotesaretakenmindlesslyasismorelikelythecaseonalaptopthebenefitdisappears.Inanotherexperimentaimedattestinglong-termmemorystudentstooknotesasbeforebutweretestedaweekafterthelecturE.Thistimethestudentswhowrotenotesbyhandperformedsignificantlybetterontheexam.ThesetwoexperimentssuggestthathandwrittennotesarenotonlybetterforimmediatelearningandunderstandingbutthattheyalsoleadtosuperiorrevisioninthefuturE.28.Moreandmorestudentsfavorlaptopsfornote-takingbecausetheycan______.A.writemorenotesB.digestconceptsbetterC.gethigherscoresD.understandlecturebetter29.Whiletakingnoteslaptopuserstendtobe______.A.skillfulB.tirelessC.thoughtfulD.mindless30.Theauthorofthepassageaimsto______.A.examinetheimportanceoflong-termmemoryB.stressthebenefitoftakingnotesbyhandC.explaintheprocessoftakingnotesD.promotetheuseoflaptops31.Thepassageislikelytoappearin_______.A.afinancereportB.acomputertextbookC.asciencemagazineD.anewspaperadvertisement

D.AIdoesbetterthanhumansinsightandbalancE.Whoissmarter?A.humanbeingorartificialintelligence人工智能?ThequestionswepttheworldlastyearwhenaGoogle-developedprogramcalledAlphaGodefeatedtheworldtopplayerSouthKoreanLeeSe-del4-1.Sowhatcomesnext?SomepeoplehavebeenarguingthatartificialintelligenceorAIinshortwillbeabadthingforhumans.InaninterviewwiththeBBCin2014UKscientistStephenHawkingwarnedthatthedevelopmentoffullartificialintelligencecouldmeantheendofthehumanracE.SoarewereallyabouttoliveintheworldshownintheTerminatormovies?NotquiteansweredTheEconomist.Afterallit’snothardtogetacomputerprogramtorememberandproducefacts.Whatishardisgettingcomputerstousetheirknowledgeineverydaysituations.Wethinkthatforthehumanbeingthingslikesightandbalance视觉平衡arenaturalandordinaryinourlifE.ThomasEdisonfounderofMotionFiguresacompanythatisbringingAItoboystoldthenewspaper.Butforarobottowalkupanddownjustlikehumanbeingsrequiresvariousdecisionstobemadeeverysecondandit’sreallydifficulttodo.AsTheEconomistputitWehavealongwaytogobeforeAIcantrulybegintobesimilartothehumanbraineventhoughthetechnologycanbegreat.MeanwhileJohnMarkoffofTheNewYorkTimessaidthatresearchersshouldbuildartificialintelligencetomakepeoplemoreeffectivE.OurfateisinourownhandshewrotE.SincetechnologydependsonthevaluesofitscreatorswecanmakehumanchoicesthatusetechnologytoimprovetheworlD.28.Whatwastheresultofthematch?A.LeeSe-delwonAlphaGo4-1.B.LeeSe-delwasdefeateD.C.GoogleprogrambeatAlphaGo.D.Neithersidewonthematch.29.WhatdoesThomasEdisonpossiblymeaninhisremarks?A.It’sveryhardforAItobeatthehumanbrain.B.AIwouldtaketheplaceofhumanbeings.C.AIcanmakevariousdecisionsquickly.D.AIdoesbetterthanhumansinsightandbalancE.30.WhobelievesmuchhastobedonetoimproveAI?A.StephenHawking.B.JohnMarkoff.C.TheNewYorkTimes.D.TheEconomist.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraphimply?A.AIwillimprovetheworldcompletely.B.AIisinthecontrolofhumanbeings.C.AImaybringdisasterstohumanbeings.D.AIwillmakeourfutureoutofcontrol.

Astudynowlendssupporttotheideathatmeal-timedistractions分散注意canmaskthecluesthatwereallyhaveeatenquiteenough.Moreoveritfindsthecaloricconsequenceofnotpayingattentiontowhatwe’reeatingdoesn’tnecessarilyendwhenamealisover.RoseCooperfromEnglandandhercolleaguesgathered22menandanequalnumberofwomenforanexperiment.Eachpersonatealonecontinuouslyreceivingninesmallsharesoffooditems.Theserangedfromcheesetwistsandpotatochipstocarrotscherrytomatoesandsandwichesorsausagerolls.Becausethegoalwastotestthepotentialimpactsofdistractiononfullnesstheresearchersrandomlyassignedhalfoftheparticipantstoeatinfrontofacomputer—andtogainasmanywinsaspossibleatthecardgamE.Everyoneelsewastoldtofocusonthesensoryqualitiesoftheirmeal.Accordingtotheirinstructionstheparticipantsateallofthefoodgiventothem.YetpeoplewhoplayedacomputergameduringlunchfoundtheirmeallessfillingthanthemindfuleatershaD.Gameplayersalsoswallowdowntwiceasmanycookiesalmostanhourlaterwhentheywereallowedallthedesserttheywantedinthenameofatastetest.TheBritishscientistspresenttheirfindingsintheFebruaryAmericanJournalofClinicalNutrition.Therealquestioniswhydistractedeatingshouldimpactsnacking.Itappearsthescientistssaythatmemoryplayssometrickyroleinhowweregisterwhatweeatandthedegreetowhichitsatisfies.InterestinglyeightyearsagoBrittaBarkelingofHuddingeUniversityinStockholmandhercolleaguesreportedsomewhatrelatedfindings.Their18overweightsubjectshadnochoiceotherthantogetridofeverythingbutlunchononeday—becausetheywereblindfoldeD.Comparedtoadaywhentheycouldviewwhattheywerediningonthesepeopleconsumedonlythreequartersasmanycalories.Yetevenhoursafterwardtheyreportedbeingnolessfullthanonthedaytheyhadbeenabletoseetheirplates.Ofcoursedininginthedarkisn’tpractical.Andsometimeswhatweeatdoesn’treallyinviteourabsoluteattention.Butthereiscertainlyagrowingmountainofdataindicatingthatmindlesseatingisawasteofresourcesarisktoourwaistlines—andacostlythreattohealth.67.RoseCooperandhercolleaguesdidtheexperimentinorderto_______.A.showthatallthepeopleenjoysnacksB.provethatplayingcomputergamesisharmfulwhilediningC.findpossibleeffectsofdistractiononfullnessD.testtheimpactsofeatingsnacksondifferentpeople68.Whichisthemosteffectivewaytoconcentrateonyourfoodwhendining?A.ViewingyourfooD.B.Blindfoldingyoureyes.C.Playingcomputergames.D.Eatingbyoneself.69.Thereasonwhydistractedeatinginfluencessnackingmaybethat________.A.youeatlessinthatcaseB.youarecheatedbyyourmemoryC.youhaveconsumedmorecaloriesD.youdigestwhatyou’veeatenfaster70.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat________.A.distractedeatingmaydamageyourhealthB.eatingsnackswillmakeyoufeelfullC.BrittabecamefamousbecauseoftheexperimentD.playingismoreimportantthanwhatweeat

ButothersbelievetheseconcernsareunjustifieD.DrMarthaLinettheheadofradiationepidemiology流行病学attheUSNationalCancerInstitutehaslookedatthesameresearchasCarpenterbuthasreachedadifferentconclusion.Idon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonessaidLinet.Wedon’thavetheevidencethatthere’smuchdanger.StudiessofarsuggestaweakconnectionbetweenEMFs电磁场andillness—soweakthatitmightnotexistatall.A.multinationalinvestigationofcellphonesandbraincancerin13countriesoutsidetheUShasbeenunderwayforseveralyears.It’sfundedinpartbytheEuropeanUnioninpartbyacellphoneindustrygroup.Thefinalreportshouldcomeoutlaterthisyearbutdatasofardon’tsuggestastronglinkbetweencellphoneuseandcancerrisk.12.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatsomepeopleareworriedbecause_______.A.theyhaveevidencethattheuseofcellphonescanleadtocancerB.theymakeafussovercellphoneuseC.someexpertshavegivenawarningD.cellphonesareresponsibleforbraintumors111]13.BysayingIdon’tsupportwarninglabelsforcellphonesDrMarthaLinethastheideathat_______.A.theworryingisunnecessaryB.cancer-warninglabelsshouldbeoncellphonesC.thereisalinkbetweencellphonesandcancerD.cellphoneshavenothingtodowithcancer14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthedebate?A.OptimistiC.B.ObjectivE.C.OppositE.D.Casual.15.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Cellphones:isthereacancerlink?B.Thereisalinkbetweencellphoneandcancer.C.A.researchonthecellphonE.D.Thecellphoneandradiationepidemiology

ShynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeoplE.Shypeopleareanxiousandself-conscious;thatistheyareconcernedwiththeirownappearanceandactionstoomuch.Negativethoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheirminds:WhatkindofimpressionamImaking?Dotheylikeme?DoIsoundstupid?AmIwearingunattractiveclothes?Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmustaffectpeopleunfavorably.A.person'sself-conceptisreflectedinthewayheorshebehavesandthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople'sreactions.Ingeneralthewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasadeepeffectonallareasoftheirlives.Shypeoplewhohavelowrespectarelikelytobepassiveandeasilyinfluencedbyothers.Theyneedfaiththattheyaredoingtherightthing.Shypeopleareverysensitivetocriticism.Itmakesthemfeelinferior.TheyalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbypraisesbecausetheybelievetheyareunworthyofpraisE.A.shypersonmayrespondtoapraisewithastatementlikethisone:You'rejustsayingthattomakemefeelgoodIknowit'snottruE.Itisclearthatwhileself-awarenessisahealthyqualityoverdoingitisharmful.Canshynessbecompletelygotridoforatleastreduced?Fortunatelypeoplecanovercomeshynesswithdeterminationsinceshynessgoeshandinhandwithlackofselfrespect.Itisimportantforpeopletoaccepttheirweaknessaswellastheirstrengths.Eachoneofushashisorherowncharacteristics.Weareinterestedinourownpersonalways.ThebetterweunderstandourselvestheeasieritbecomestoliveuptoourchancesforarichandsuccessfullifE.28.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout______.A.thecauseofshynessB.theeffectofshynessonpeopleC.thefeelingsofshypeopleD.thequestionsinthemindsofshypeople29.Accordingtothewriterself-awarenessis______.A.harmfultopeopleB.aweakpointofshypeopleC.thecauseofunhappinessD.agoodcharacteristic30.WhichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordinferiorinParagraph3?A.proudB.goodC.badD.guilty31.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatshynesscan______.A.blockourchancesforasuccessfullifeB.helpustoliveuptoourfulldevelopmentC.enableustounderstandourselvesbetterD.havenothingtodowithlackofselfrespect

ResearcherssaytheEarthhadmuchmoreoxygen氧气nearlyabillionyearsagothanscientificexpertsthought.Thatclaimcouldchangetheories理论abouthowlifedevelopedonourplanet.TheclaimcamefromresearchersatBrockUniversityinCanadA.TheywantedtomeasurethelevelsofoxygenintheEarth'satmospherenearlyabillionyearsago.Todothistheresearchersdevelopedawaytostudysmallairbubbles气泡trappedinancientsaltcrystals结晶晶体.Therewasalotofdebateastowhattheoxygencontentwas800millionormoreyearsagosaidNigelBlameyofBrockUniversity'sDepartmentofEarthSciences.Hesaidthetrappedgasesshowedthattheoxygenlevelwasabouthalfofwhatitistoday.Byanalyzing分析tinyairbubblesinhaliteresearchersdetermines查明测定确认ancientEarthhadmuchmoreoxygenthanpreviouslythought.Infactmanyexpertsbelievedthattheoxygenlevelwasonlyabouttwopercentoftheatmospheresolongago.Butthenewstudyfoundthatitwasalmost11percent.Currentlyoxygenisabout21percentoftheatmospherE.TheCanadianresearchersusedamethod方法tostudyairbubblestrappedinhalitethenaturalformoftablesalt.TheresearcherssaytheirfindingshavemajoreffectsfortheoriesabouthowandwhenlifedevelopeD.ProfessorofEarthSciencesUweBrandsaidthathigheroxygenlevelsinthepastmayturnbacktheclockwhencomplexlifedevelopeD.Nowpaleobiologists古生物学家willhavereasontogolookingforrockswithevidenceofthesefirstevolutionary进化的stepshetoldtheCanadianBroadcastingCorporation.28.ThewordclaiminParagraph1means_________inChinesE.A.说法B.建议C.目标D.目的29.Nowoxygenmakesupabout_______oftheatmospherE.A.9percent.B.10percent.C.11percent.D.21percent30.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFalse?A.SomeresearcherswantedtomeasurethelevelsofoxygenintheEarth'satmospherenearlyabillionyearsago.B.Amongscientiststherewasalotofdebateastowhattheoxygencontentwas800millionormoreyearsago.C.InfactmanyexpertsbelievedthattheoxygenlevelwasonlyaboutelevenpercentoftheatmospheresolongagoD.TheresearcherssaytheirfindingshavemajoreffectsfortheoriesabouthowandwhenlifedevelopeD.31.Fromthearticleweknowthattheresearcherscamefrom____________.A.OxfordUniversityB.CambridgeUniversityC.PekingUniversityD.BrockUniversity

WHENyougethungrydoyoufindyourselfmakingpoordecisions?Wellitturnsoutthatthisisbecauseofahormonecalledghrelin饥饿激素.Itisreleasedwhenyouarehungryandhasabadeffectonimpulses冲动andmakingdecisionsaccordingtoarecentstudyatSahlgrenskaAcademypartoftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden.ForthefirsttimewehavebeenabletoshowthatincreasingghrelintolevelsthatareseenwhenhungrycausesthebraintoactimpulsivelyandalsoaffectstheabilitytomakerationaldecisionsKarolinaSkibickaamemberoftheteachingstaffatSahlgrenskaAcademytoldtheScienceDailywebsitE.Impulsivityiscomplexaccordingtothewebsitebutimpulsivechoicebasicallymeansnotbeingabletoresistthetemptationtotakearewardnowinsteadofwaitinguntillater.Youmaysometimeseatabagofchipseventhoughyouknowthatyou’regoingtohavedinnersoonforexamplE.Thistypeofproblemwasseenintheratsusedinthestudy.Theratsweretrainedtoberewardedwithsugarwhentheydidsomethinglikepressingalever杠杆–orinsteadtheycouldberewardedonlywhentheystoppedthemselvesfrompressingtheleverno-gowhentherightsignallikeaflashoflightorabuzzingsoundwasgiven.Whenratscouldnotstopthemselvesfrompressingtheleverwhentheno-gosignalwasgivenitwasseenasasignofimpulsivity.ResearchersfoundthatratsgivenghrelindirectlyintothebrainweremorelikelytopresstheleverinsteadofwaitingeventhoughitcausedthemtolosetheirrewarD.TheabilitytowaitforagreaterrewardlatermeasuresimpulsivechoicE.Forexampleyoucanovereatfatteningfoodstofeelhappyrightnoworchoosetoeathealthier.ResearchersatSahlgrenskaAcademyfoundthathigherlevelsofghrelinstoppedtheratsfrombeingabletowaitforthegreaterrewarD.Thestudyalsoshowedthatincreasedlevelsofghrelinevencausedlong-termgeneticchangesinthebrainpartsthatareconnectedtoimpulsivityanddecisionmaking.ThesametypeofchangescanbeseeninbrainswithattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorderADHD注意力缺陷多动障碍andotherpsychiatricdisorders精神疾病reportedScienceDaily.TheghrelinreceptorsinthebraincanbeapossibletargetforfuturetreatmentsaidSkibickA.32.AccordingtothearticleinthestudyatSahlgrenskaAcademy________.A.theratscouldonlygettheirrewardwhentheypressedaleverB.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheycouldwaitfortherightsignalC.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheyweremorelikelypresstheleverD.whenghrelinintherats’brainsincreasedtheywereeagertogetthesugar33.Accordingtothearticleimpulsivityismeasuredby________.A.theabilitytofocusonnowratherthanlaterB.thenumberofriskstakenC.theamountofpatienceforwaitingD.theabilitytowaitforagoodorbetterreward34.Whichwordisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedwordrational?A.wiseB.quickC.difficultD.simple35.What’sthearticlemainlyabout?A.Impulsivityanddecision-making.B.Ghrelinandimpulsivity.C.Ghrelin’sincreasewhenpeoplearehungry.D.Thewayinwhichincreasingghrelincausesgeneticchanges.

FortheMarineMammalCenter海洋哺乳动物中心Thursdaywasanimportantday:rescuedsealionNo.10000calledMilestoneand10.001ZodiacGirlhadbeennursedbacktohealthandsentbacktothewildwheretheybelong.Sinceitopeneditsdoors36yearsagothecenterhasbecomefamousfornursingsickmarineanimalsbacktohealth-butitsbiggestcontributionperhapshasbeenitsroleincollectingandstoringthousandsoftissue生物组织fromtheanimalsitrescuesalong600milesofCaliforniacoast.Thecenterhaspublishedlotsofscientificpapersandhelpeddevelopunderstandingofeffectsofdiseaseandtheeffectofclimate气候changedonmarineanimals.CaliforniasealionssharecommoncharacteristicswithStellersealionswhichareanendangeredspecies.Thecenter’sresearcherssaycollectingandstoringscientificinformationfrommanyofthethousandsofsealionscanhelptosaveStellers.Wearelearningaboutmarinemammalhealththroughallthesepatients.Before1975therewasneveranythingbeenregularlyrecordedindetailsoitwasn’tpossibletogetanimaltissuesaidJimOswaldthecenter’sspokesman.Thoughthesealionsdidn’tliketobesentbackhomeinthePacificOceantheirtimespentatthecenterprovidedscientistswiththeinformationbeingusedtocontrolandpreventsomecommondiseases.Thetwoanimalshadleptospirosiswhichcouldbefataltothem.DogsandhumanscanalsogetthediseasE.WhatmadethescientistsfeelstrangeisthathundredofCaliforniasealionssufferedfromthediseaseeveryfourorfiveyears.Whilenoanswertothemysteryhasbeenfoundthecenter’sdatacollectionishelpingresearchersmovecloser.32.ThursdaywasspecialfortheMarineMammalCentermainlybecause______.A.itgotevidenceaboutanewdiseaseB.itwasthedatewhenitwasfounded36yearsagoC.itcelebratedsavingmorethantenthousandsealionsD.ithelpedMilestoneandZodiacGirloutoftrouble33.ThemostimportantroleoftheMarineMammalCenterliesin___________.A.collectinginformationaboutmarinelifeB.nursingsickmarineanimalsbacktohealthC.publishingscientificpapersaboutanimalsD.helpingpeopleunderstandtheeffectofclimatechange34.TheunderlinedwordfatalinParagraph6means____.A.rareB.funnyC.usefulD.deadly35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A.Sealionssufferfromleptospirosiseveryfourorfiveyears.B.BothCaliforniasealionsandStellerseasareendangeredspecies.C.CaliforniasealionssharealotincommonwithStellers.D.Dogsandhumansmayalsosufferfromleptospirosis.

Therearesomanydifferentplasticcardsthatadultshavetocarryaround—librarycardssavingscardsfordifferentbankscreditcardsjusttonameafew...Sowhynothaveonetoreplacethemall?ScottBarnhillan1l-year-oldfifth-gradestudentintheUShascomeupwithanideaforaSecurityOneCard.Soundsmart?TheUSPatent专利OfficethoughtsoanditapprovedapatentforhisideainApril.Barnhillhasalotofhobbiesincludingdesigningwebsites.Hegottheideaattheageofninewhenhesawhisfatherusingakeycardtoentertheirhotelroom.HethoughtThehotelsarewastingmoneywiththekeycards.Soinsteadofusingahotel-issuedkeycardguestscouldusetheircreditcards—onlyifthehoteladdedaspecialmagneticstrip.Atcheck-outthestripwouldsimplyberemoveD.Nowthathehashispatenthisnextstepisaletter-writingcampaigntogetsupportfrommajorcreditcardcompanies.I’mgoingtobewritingletterstocreditcardcompaniestoaskiftheycanco-operatE.Ihopethey’llgivememoneyeverytimesomeoneputsastriponthebackofanothercardoreverytimetheideaisusedBarnhillsaiD.I’llwritethelettersandseewhattheysay.IftheysaynoI’llasksomeoneelseanothercreditcardcompany.Heishopingtomakemoneyfromhispatentandhasdecideditwouldbebettertocollectroyalties专利使用费iftheideatakesoffratherthansellhispatent.TheATMpersonwhoinventedthatsoldittotallyandifhe’dchosenroyaltieshe’dgetlike2centsforeverytransaction交易andhe’dbeabillionairenow.ScottsaiD.33.TheadvantageofSecurityOneCardisthatit___________.A.couldavoidtakingmanycardsB.wouldbeverysafetocarryaboutC.couldsaveyou’realotofmoneyD.couldhavealotofmagneticstripsonit34.TheimmediatecauseofScott’sinventionwasthat___________.A.hefoundthatadultshavetocarryaroundsomanyplasticcardsB.hefoundevenahotelissueditsowncards—keycardsC.herealizedit’sabigwastetomakesomanyplasticcardsD.herealizeditwouldbeagoodchancetomakebigmoney35.FromthestorywecanseeScottis___________.A.verywealthyB.cleverbutlazyC.creativeanddeterminedD.outdated

Scientistsaremakingnewstudiesofcoloranditseffectsonourhealth.Theyhaveknownforalongtimethatthecolorofaroomorthecolorofthelightinitcanaffectourfeelingsandemotions.Manyprisonsandhospitalshaveatleastoneroomthatispaintedpink.Officialshavefoundthatlightandcolorcanproducephysicalchangesinourbodies.ProfessorFalfanworkedwithagroupof9disabledchildrenatschoolinAlbert.TwoofthechildrenwereblinD.Theothersevenhadnormalsight.ThescientistschangedthecoloroftheschoolroomandthenlookedforchangesinbloodpressureheartbeatandbreathingratE.Theeffectsofcolorchangeswerethesamefortheblindchildrenasforthosewithnormalsight.Theirbloodpressuredroppedfromabout120to100.Similarchangeswerereportedinheart-beatandthebreathing.ThechildrenwerealsocalmerandlessexciteD.ThenthecolorsoftheroomwerereturnedtoorangeandwhitE.Bloodpressureheart-beatandbreathingratewentupandthechildrenbecameexcitedagain.ProfessorFalfansaiddifferentcolorsproducedifferentlevelsoflightenergy.HesaidthedifferencesseemtoaffectchemicalsinthebrainthatcarrymessagesfromnervetonerveandfromnervetomusclE.11.Lightandcolorcanaffect________.A.onlyone’sfeelingsandemotionsB.one’senergyC.one’smentalchangesD.one’sheart-beatbrainactivitiesbloodpressurefeelingsandemotions12.Thecolorofpinkhadacalmingeffectthatistosaythecoloraffects________.A.thechemicalsinthebrainB.theeyesC.theskinD.themuscle13.Accordingtothetextorangeandwhitearecolorswhichcanmakepeople________.A.calmB.activeC.sickD.blind14.Thecolorsintheschoolroommentionedinthepassagewerechangedfrom________.A.orangetowhiteB.orangetodarkblueC.orangeandwhitetopinkorsomeothercolorsD.graytomorecolors

HowtheWorldWideWebStartedTimBerners-Leeisthemanwhowrotethesoftware软件programmethatledtothefoundationoftheWorldWideWeB.Britainplayedanimportantpartindevelopingthefirstgenerationofcomputers.TheparentsofTimBerners-Leebothworkedononeoftheearliestcommercial商业的computersandtalkedabouttheirworkathomE.Asachildhewouldbuildmodelsofcomputersfrompackingmaterial.AftergraduatingfromOxfordUniversityhewentontotherealthing.Inthe1980sscientistswerealreadycommunicatingusingaprimitiveversion版本ofe-mail.WhileworkingatalaboratoryinSwitzerland.TimBerners-Leewroteaprogrammewhichlethimstorethesemessages.Thisgavehimanotheridea:writeaprogrammethatwillletacademics学术界人士fromacrosstheworldshareinformationonasingleplacE.In1990hewrotetheHTTP服务程序所用的协议andHTML超文本链接标示语言programmeswhichformthebasisoftheWorldWideWeb.ThenextyearhisprogrammeswereplacedontotheInternet.Everyonewaswelcometousethemandimprovethemiftheycould.Programmersusedthiscodes密码toworkwithdifferentoperatingsystems.Newthingslikewebbrowsers浏览器andsearchenginesweredevelopeD.Between1991and1994thenumberofwebpagesrosefrom10to100000.In1994TimBerners-LeeformedthenewlyformedWorldWideWebconsortium协会orW3C.Morethan200leadingcompaniesandlaboratoriesarerepresented代表byW3C.TogethertheymakesurethateveryonecanshareequallyontheweB.‘TheWebcanhelppeopletounderstandthewaythatothersliveandloveandarehuman.IthelpsusunderstandthehumanityofpeoplE.Hesays.33.Scientistsbegantocommunicateusinge-mail_____.A.in1980B.afterthe1980sC.before1990D.inthe1960s34.Hemadeuphismindtowriteaprogrammethatwouldletpeoplefromacrosstheworldshareinformationonasingleplacewhen______.A.hewasachildB.hestudiedinOxfordUniversityC.heformedW3CD.heworkedatalabinSwitzerland35.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thenumberofwebpagesroseveryrapidlyinthe1990s.B.Tim’sprogrammeswereplacedontotheInternetin1990.C.TheWorldWideWebwillhaveaneffectonthesocialdevelopment.D.TimBerners-LeemadeagreatcontributiontothecomputersciencE.

Moststudentshavebiology生物classesintheclassroomsorthelabsinChina.ButseveraldaysagoIhadabiologyclassoutsideinmyAmericanschoo1.MybiologyteacherMr.Kwakdividedusintothreegroupsandaskedustoplayagameaboutnaturalselection选择andhowbirdsfindfood.Hegavethefirstgrouponespoon勺子perpersonthesecondgroupforks叉子andmygroupknives.Ithoughtweweregoinghuntingsoknivesmightworkbetter.Surprisinglyhetoldustopickupthebeans豆子onthegrasswithourtools工具.Whenthegamestartedallofusrantothegrassarea.Wesquatted蹲downandlookedforbeans.Itwashardtopickupsomethingthatsmallespeciallyfromthegrass.WhenIalmostfiredabeanitdroppedbacktotheground.WhenIfinallypickedupseveralbeans.oneofmyfriendsranintome.Icouldn’tkeepmybalanceandfellover.Allmybeansdroppedtotheground!JustatthatmomentMr.Kwakcalledusback.IhadtoleavethegameandofcourseIgotabadresult.Icouldn’thelpthinkingthatifIwereabirdlivingonGalapagosIslandIwouldbedeadsoon.Thefungamemademerealizethatnaturalselectionisredlycompetitive竞争的.Everyoneistryinghisorherbestto—survive.6.Whatdidthewriter’sgroupusetopickupthebeans?A.Spoons.B.Forks.C.Knives.D.Hands.7.Howmanybeansdidthewritergetatlast?A.None.B.One.C.Several.D.Many.8.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thewriterdidagoodjobinthebiologyclass.B.Thewriterhadabiologyclassoutsidetheirschoo1inchina.C.Thewriterfoundthatpickingupthebeansfromthegrasswashard.D.Thewriterdidn’tfindenoughfoodforthebirdsonGalapagosIsland.9.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsurvive’’inthelastparagraph?A.Findfood.B.Remainalive.C.Belovely.D.Keepbalanced.10.WhatwastheaimofMr.Kwak’sclass?A.Toplayaninterestinggame.B.Topickupthebeans.C.Toknowdifferentkindsofbirds.D.Tolearnnaturalselection.

MostpeoplethinkaboutdonatingblooD.However.Veryfewactuallvdoit.EventhemostconsistentonesdonateanaverageofjustthreetofourtimesduringtheirlifetimE.NowtheofficialsinSwedenaretryingtochangethetrendwiththehelpofmodern-daytechnology.Theencouragementtodonateagainbeginsshortlyafterthedonorleavestheclinicwhenhe/shereceivesathankyoutext.ThoughthatcertainlyhelpsthemfeelappreciatedwhatisevenmorepleasingisthetexttheyreceiveeachtimetheirbloodisusedtohelpsomeoneinneeD.KarolinaWibergmanageroftheStockholmbloodservicebelievesthissmallgesturenotonlyresultsinrepeatdonorsbuthelpsbringinnewones.TheprogramthatwasstartedinStockholmhasreceivedsuchpositivefeedbackthatitisnowbeingrolledoutacrossthecountry.HoweverSwedishofficialsarenotstoppingtherE.Theyarealsoencouraginglocalclinicstopublishtheexactlevelsofthedifferentbloodgroupstheyhaveatanygiventimeontheirwebsites.Thisallowspotentialdonorstorealizethattheirbloodcanmakeadifferenceinsavingsomeone'slifE.WhilealltheseoutreachprogramsaregreatbusycitizenseventheoneswiththebestintentionshavetobeoccasionallyremindeD.InordertojogtheirmemoriesofficialsaskpeopleforauthorizationtosendthemtextFacebookande-mailreminders.Thoughthatmaysounddisturbingthecitizensdonotseemtomindgiventhatthemessagesarelight-heartedandfun-thingslikeWewon'tgiveupuntilyoubleeD.ThoughSwedeniscurrentlytheonlycountryusingmoderntechnologytourgemoredonationsdon'tbesurprisedifmorejoininespeciallyiftheNordic北欧country'sbloodbanksstarttooverflow!21.Whyisanothertextsenttoblooddonorsafterathankyouone?A.Toaskthemforauthorization.B.ToinformthemtheirbloodisuseD.C.Toremindthemtodonatebloodimmediately.'D.Totellthemthelevelsofbloodgroups.22.Whatdoestheprograminparagraph3referto?A.Publishinginformationaboutblooddonation.B.GivingFacebookreminderstocitizens.C.Sendingtextmessagestoblooddonors.D.ProvidingpeoplewithbloodservicE.23.Whatdopeoplethinkofblooddonationreminders?A.Disturbing.B.MemorablE.C.AuthentiC.D.AcceptablE.24.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Swedenwillstopurgingblooddonation.B.Swedenhasbenefitedlittlefromitsprogram.C.MorecountriesmayfollowSweden'sexamplE.D.NordicbloodbanksareingreatneedofblooD.

Everyfewyearscomesafitnesstrendthathaspeoplescratchingtheirheadsinamazement.Crunningwillprobablybeoneofthem.Thecstandsforcrawling爬行.Thisnewsportneedstwo-leggedhumansrunningonallfours!ThefunnyideaisthebrainchildofShaunMcCarthy.The34-year-oldisconvincedthatitwillrevolutionizefitnessasweknowit.AccordingtothesportsenthusiastTheonlythingthatcrunning’schangedaboutfitnessisthatit’schangedeverythingaboutfitness.Mccarthyhasnoscientificevidencetoprovethatcrunningismoreefficientthantraditionaltwo-leggedrunning.Howeverhebelievesitisamoreeffectivewaytoexercisebecauseitputsanemphasisontheshouldersandarmsprovidingacompletebodyworkout.MccarthyalsosayscrunningseemstotirehimoutmorE.Hethereforeconcludesthattheunconventionalexerciseisabiggercalorieburnerthannormalrunning.Whileexpertsgenerallyagreethatcrunningmayprovideabetterworkoutmanyarenotsureifitistherightexerciseforhumans.FitnesscoachKevinDeansayswearenotbuilttobeonallfoursandourwristsarethereforenotasstrongasourankles.Hebelievescrunningwhichhecallsafad时尚couldresultinbadwristandshoulderinjuriesnottomentionbrokennoses.ButMcCarthyisnotworrieD.SincethereleaseofhiscrunningvideoafewweeksagomanyMelbourneresidentshavebeenseenscamperingaroundonallfours.Asitturnsouttheyarenottheonlyones.IntheChinesecityofZhengzhoucrawlingamuchslowerversionofcrunninghasbeenafavoriteactivityformanyyears.AccordingtosomeenthusiaststhelightexercisethatisbelievedtodatebacktwothousandyearstotheHanDynastyisgoodforcuringbackandspineailments.Readytogivecrunningtry?ThenMccarthyrecommendsinvestinginsomegoodshoeshardyglovesandmostimportantofallafacemask!28.WhatcanwelearnaboutcrawlingaccordingtoKevinDean?A.Ouranklesarestrongerthanourwrists.B.Crawlingisanefficientwaytoworkout.C.ThecityofZhengzhouistheoriginofcrawling.D.Crawlingcanburnmorecaloriesthannormalrunning.29.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcrunning?A.Dangerous.B.Interesting.C.Beneficial.D.UnbelievablE.30.WhydoesMcCarthysuggestpeoplewearingafacemaskwhencrunning?A.ToamuseotherpeoplE.B.ToavoidbeingrecognizeD.C.ToprotectthenosefrombeinginjureD.D.TopreventsweatdroppingonthegrounD.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.A.newwayofcrawling.B.A.newtrendofexercising.C.A.scientificdiscovery.D.A.traditionalwaytokeepfit.

WhenDebbieParkhurstchokedonapieceofappleatherMarylandhomeherdogjumpedinlandinghardonherchestandforcingthepieceofappletopopoutofherthroat.DebbieParkhurst’shusbandKevinwasathisjobataWilmingtonchemicalDel.firmwhenshetookamiddaybreakfromthejewelryshopandbitintoanapplE.WhentheKeeslingfamilyofIndianawereabouttobeovercomebycarbonmonoxideCOtheircatclawed抓atwifeCathy’shairuntilshewokeupandcalledforhelp.FortheirtimelyactsTobyagolden21/2-year-olddogandWinnieagray-eyedAmericanshorthairwerenamedDogandCatoftheYearbytheAmericanSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimals.NeitherParkhurstnorKeeslingcouldexplaintheirpets’timelyheroicsthoughParkhurstsuggesteditmighthavebeenguidedbyGodintervention干预.That’swhatourveterinarian兽医saidshesaiD.Hewasn’tmakingajoke;he’sveryspiritualandnowIhavetoagreewithhim.ButbothpetswerethemselvesrescuedinbabyTobyasa4-week-oldbabythrownintoagarbagebintodieandWinnieasaweek-oldorphanhidingunderabarnsohelplessthatKeesling’shusbandErichadtofeedhermilk.AstheKeeslingsrecalleditagas-drivenpumpspreadcarbonmonoxidethroughthehousE.BythetimeWinniemovedintorescuespotthecouple’s14-year-oldsonMichaelwasalreadyunconscious.WinniejumpedonthebedandwasclawingatmewithakindofangrynoiseCathyKeeslingsaiD.WhenIwokeupIfeltlikeaT-barhadhitmeacrosstheheaD.Statepoliceandofficersrespondingtoher911callsaidthefamilywasonlyminutesfromdeathjudgingbytheamountofpoisonousgasinthehousE.25.WecanknowDebbieParkhurst_______.A.worksinaWilmingtonDel.chemicalfactoryB.wasmakingjewelrywhenshehadtheaccidentC.mighthavediedbutforherpet’shelpD.wasunconsciouswhenherpetfoundher26.Bothpets’heroicactsmostprobablyconnectedwith_______.A.GodarrangementsB.theirbeingoncehelpedC.theirsenseofdangerD.theirveterinarians’training27.WhydidWinnietrytowakeCathyKeeslingup?A.BecauseaT-barwasgoingtohithim.B.Becausehewashungryandwantedmilk.C.BecauseDebbiechokedonsomethinginherthroat.D.BecausetherewasdangerinherhousE.28.Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_______.A.ifyoulovemelovemyanimalsB.allpetsareusefultopeopleC.wecan’tneverbetoocarefulinourdailylifeD.tohelpotherssometimescangetreward

Manypeoplethinkofthebrainasamystery.Theydon'tknowmuchaboutintelligenceandhowitworks.Whentheydothinkaboutwhatintelligenceismanypeoplebelievethatapersonisbornsmartaverageordumb—andstaysthatwayinthewholelifE.Butnewresearchshowsthatthebrainismorelikeamuscle—itchangesandgetsstrongerwhenyouuseit.Andscientistshavebeenabletoshowjusthowthebraingrowsandgetsstrongerwhenyoulearn.Everyoneknowsthatwhenyouliftweightsyourmusclesgetbiggerandyougetstronger.A.personwhocan'tlift20poundswhenhe/shestartsexercisingcangetstrongenoughtolift100poundsafterworkingoutforalongtimE.That'sbecausethemusclesbecomelargerandstrongerwithexercisE.Andwhenyoustopexercisingthemusclesshrinkandyougetweaker.That'swhypeoplesayUseitorloseit！Butmostpeopledon'tknowthatwhentheypracticeandlearnnewthingspartsoftheirbrainchangeandgetlargeralotlikemusclesdowhentheyexercisE.Insidethecortex皮层ofthebrainarebillionsoftinynervecellscalledneurons.Thenervecellshavebranchesconnectingthemtoothercellsinacomplicatednetwork.Communicationbetweenthesebraincellsiswhatallowsustothinkandsolveproblems.Whenyoulearnnewthingsthesetinyconnectionsinthebrainactuallymultiplyandgetstronger.Themoreyouchallengeyourmindtolearnthemoreyourbraincellsgrow.Thenthingsthatyouoncefoundveryhardorevenimpossibletodo—likespeakingaforeignlanguageordoingalgebra代数—seemtobecomeeasyafterlearningthemforaperiodoftimE.Theresultisastrongersmarterbrain.Scientistsstartedthinkingthatthehumanbraincoulddevelopandchangewhentheystudiedanimals'brains.Theyfoundoutthatanimalsthatlivedinachallengingenvironmentweremoreperspicacious—theywerebetteratsolvingproblemsandlearningnewthings.25.Accordingtothefirstparagraph________.A.thefunctionofourbrainislikethatofthemuscleB.untilnowit'simpossibletoexplainthebrain'smysteryC.manypeoplebelieveone'sintelligenceisnaturallydeterminedD.one'sbraingrowsstrongerastheageincreases26.Trainingmusclesiscomparedto________.A.usingthebrainB.connectingthingsinyourbrainC.liftingweightsD.doingresearchaboutthebrain27.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?_________A.Thecomplexstructureofthebrain.B.Howchangesinthemusclesaffectthebrain.C.Theimportanceofthebrain.D.Howthebrainbecomesstrongerbylearningnewthings.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordperspicaciousinthelastparagraphprobablymean?_______A.Strong.B.Smart.C.Popular.D.ActivE.

Candogsandcatsliveinperfectharmony和谐inthesamehome?Peoplewhoarethinkingaboutadoptingadogasafriendfortheircatsareworriedthattheywillfight.A.recentresearchhasfoundanewsecretofsuccess.Accordingtothestudyifthecatisadoptedbeforethedogandiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyounglessthan6monthsforcatsayearfordogsitishighlylikelythatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.Two­thirdsofthehomesinterviewedreportedapositiverelationshipbetweentheircatanddog.Howeveritwasn'tallsweetnessandlight.Therewasareportedcoldnessbetweenthecatanddogin25%ofthehomeswhilefightingwereobservedin10%ofthehomes.OnereasonforthisisprobablythatsomeoftheirbodysignalswerejustoppositE.Forexamplewhenacatturnsitsheadawayitsignalsattackingwhileadogdoingthesamesignalsgivingin.Inhomeswithcatsanddogslivingpeacefullyresearchersobservedasurprisingbehavior.Theyarelearninghowtotalkeachother'slanguagE.Itisasurprisethatcatscanlearnhowtotalkdoganddogscanlearnhowtotalkcat.What'sinterestingisthatbothcatsanddogshaveappearedtodeveloptheirintelligencE.Theycanlearntoreadeachother'sbodysignalssuggestingthatthetwomayhavemoreincommonthanwepreviouslythought.Oncefamiliarwitheachother'spresenceandbodylanguagecatsanddogscanplaytogethergreeteachothernosetonoseandenjoysleepingtogetheronthesofA.Theycaneasilysharethesamewaterbowlandinsomecasesgroom梳理eachother.Themeaningofthisresearchoncatsanddogsmaygobeyondpets—topeoplewhodon'tgetalongincludingneighborscolleaguesatworkandevenworldsuperpowers.IfcatsanddogscanlearntogetalongsurelypeoplehaveagoodchancE.4.TheunderlinedwordswimminglyinParagraph1isclosestinmeaningto.A.earlyB.quicklyC.sweetlyD.violently5.Somecatsanddogsmayfightwhen.A.theyarecoldtoeachotherB.theylookawayfromeachotherC.theyareintroducedatanearlyageD.theymisunderstandeachother'ssignals6.ItissuggestedinParagraph4thatcatsanddogs.A.havecommoninterestsB.arelessdifferentthanwhatwethoughtC.haveacommonbodylanguageD.arelessintelligentthanwhatweexpected7.Whatcanwehumanbeingslearnfromcatsanddogs?A.Weshouldlearntoliveinharmony.B.Weshouldknowmoreaboutanimals.C.Weshouldliveinpeacewithanimals.D.Weshouldlearnmorebodylanguages.

SurvivingHurricaneSandy飓风桑迪NatalieDoan14hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockawayNewYork.LivingjustafewblocksfromthebeachNataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhousE.It’stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecialshesays.OnOctober292012thatoceanturnedfierce狂暴的.ThatnightHurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoastandRockawaywashitespeciallyharD.FortunatelyNatalie’sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity’sbridgecloseD.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextdaytheyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie’sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundherpeopleweresufferingespeciallytheelderly.Natalie’sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarily临时attendaschoolinBrooklyn.InthefollowingfewdaysthemenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNataliE.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.NeighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuilD.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.MymomtellsmethatIcan’tcontrolwhathappenstomeNataliesays.butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.Natalie’schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepagematchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohelp.NataliepostedintroductionaboutaboynamedPatrickwholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.WithindaysPatrick’scollectionwasreplaceD.Inthecomingmonthsherwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopherwhoreceivedanewbasketball;CharliewhogotanewkeyboarD.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-needsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastAprilshewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChangE.Todaythescars创痕ofdestructionarestillseeninRockawaybuthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclearandmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.Ican’timaginelivinganywherebutRockawayNataliedeclares声明宣布.MyneighborhoodwillbebackevenstrongerthanbeforE.28.WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricaneshefound______.A.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesB.herneighborhoodwasdestroyedC.herschoolhadmovedtoBrooklynD.theelderlywerefreefromsuffering29.Accordingtoparagraph4whoinspiredNataliemost?A.ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildB.Thepeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildingC.ThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsD.Localteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeople30.HowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?A.ShegavehertoystothekidsB.ShetookcareofyoungerchildrenC.ShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpD.Shebuiltaninformationsharingplatform31.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.LittlepeoplecanmakeabigdifferenceB.A.friendinneedisafriendindeedC.EastorWesthomeisbestD.Technologyispower

Caneatingachocolatebareverydayreallypreventage-relatedmemoryloss?No.Butanewresearchshowsthatlargeamountsofflavonessubstancesfoundincocoateaandsomekindsofvegetablesmayimproveage-relatedmemoryfailurE.Dr.ScottSmallisaprofessorofneurology神经病学atColumbiaUniversityinnewYorkCity.Heistheleadwriterofaresearchpaperdescribingtheeffectsofcocoaflavonesonbrainactivity.Hisstudyinvolved37volunteersagedbetween50and69.Researchersgavethemahigh-levelflavonesdrinkmadefromcocoabeansoralow-levelflavonesdrink.Foraperiodofthreemonthssomesubjectsgot900milligramsofflavonesaday.Theothersgot10milligramsofflavoneseachday.Brainimagingandmemorytestsweregiventoeachstudysubjectbeforeandafterthestudy.Dr.Smallsaysthatthesubjectswhohadthehigh-levelflavonesdrinkshowedmuchimprovementonmemorytests.Theresearcherswarnthatmoreworkisneededtobedonebecausethisstudywasperformedonlyonasmallgroup.Dr.JoannMansonistheleadresearcherofafour-yearstudyinvolving18000adults.Thisstudywilluseflavonescapsules胶囊.Thestudysubjectswillbedividedintotwogroupsandwilltaketwopillsperday.ThecapsulesusedwillalllookthesamE.Butonegroup'scapsuleswillcontainflavoneswhiletheothergroupwilltakecapsulesmadeofaninactivesubstanceorplaceboDr.Mansonsaysit'snotnecessaryforpeopletostarteatingmorechocolatebecause3personswouldhavetoeatahugeamountofchocolatetogetthesamelevelofflavonesgiventotherestsubjects.Headdsmanymanufacturershaveplannedtoremovetheflavonesfromtheirchocolateproducts.SimilarlyDr.Mansonsaysacocoa-basedflavonesextract提取maybedevelopedinthefuturE.Buthesaysthatmorestudiesareneededtoseehowmuchflavonesisgoodforourhealth.29.WhatwasdonetothesubjectsafterDr.Small'sstudy?A.Theywereaskedtotakeahigh-levelflavonesdrink.B.Theyweregivencapsulescontainingflavones.C.Theywereaskedtotaketwopillsofflavonescapsulesperday.D.Theyweregivenbrainimagingandmemorytests.30.What'sthesimilarityofthetwoexperiments?A.Bothusehigh-levelflavonescapsules.B.Thesubjectsaredividedintotwogroupsinbothexperiments.C.Drinksandplacebosareusedinbothexperiments.D.ThenumberofthesubjectsisthesamE.31.WhywillDr.Mansoncarryoutthefour-yearstudy?A.Toprovethefirstexperimentiswrong.B.Totesthowmuchflavonescanimproveourmemory.C.Tocarryouttheexperimentfurther.D.Toshoweatingchocolateisbettertoimprovememory.32.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.InthefuturewecangetflavoneswithouteatingchocolatE.B.ThemoreweeatflavonesthebetterourhealthwillbE.C.It'snotnecessaryforustoeatchocolatE.D.It'seasyforpeopletogetthesamelevelofflavonesgiventothetestsubjects.

Yourbrainhastheabilitytostoreandaccepttwokindsofthoughts:PositiveandNegativE.Somepeoplehavemorenegativethoughtsthanpositivebutmostpeopleare50/50andtheirmindsplayatugofwarperseconD.Howeverthereissomethingyoucandotogainapositivemindset.WhenyougetabadornegativethoughtintoyourmindyouneedtothinkofapositivethoughtsothatthebadornegativethoughtmakeswayforthepositiveonE.Asyoukeepdoingthisthoughtafterthoughtthepositivethoughtswillovercomethenegativeones.AstimegoesonandyourepeatthisprocessyouwillfindthatyourthoughtsandmindsetbecomepositiveandnegativethoughtswillnotevenbeallowedtoenteryourminD.Youwillbeabletobrushthemoffveryeasily.Allbademotionswillgoawaytoo.Youwillalsogainconfidenceinyourself;youcanrealizeyouhavemanygoodthingssuchasyourinnerstrengthpassionandcouragE.Thisisnotanovernightprocesssobepatientwiththisprocess.Ittookmeafewyearstofinallybeabletoexhibitthiswayoflivingonadailybasisbutsofaritisworkingoutquitenicely...IhavenotyetperfectedthisprocessandIhavealongwaytogoIthink.Rememberyoumustadheretotheprocess.Donotgiveupyourselforgiveintonegativityduringtheprocess.Nomatterhowharditseemsandwhatsituationsyouareinyoumustnotgiveup.HavingapositiveornegativemindsetisonlyachoicE.ChoosingtohaveapositivemindsetwillallowyoutoattractamazingopportunitiesandsuccessesinyourlifE.ChoosingtobenegativewillonlyattractmorenegativityandfailuresinyourlifE.Howwillyouchoosetoliveyourlife?66.Accordingtothepassagethewaytoovercomenegativethoughtsisto____.A.getridofnegativethoughtsB.acceptandstorenegativethoughtsC.findouthownegativethoughtshappenD.thinkofpositivethoughtswhentherearenegativethoughts67.Theauthorgavehisownexampletoshowthat____.A.changingone’sthoughtsisalongprocessB.positivethoughtscouldleadtosuccessC.gainingconfidenceinoneselfisaneasythingD.everyoneisbornwithinnerstrengthpassionandcourage68.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseadheretoinParagraph5mean?A.Togiveup.B.Tobringin.C.Tostickto.D.Toworkout.69.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A.A.positivemindsetisdeterminedbyoneself.B.Mostpeoplewon’tacceptnegativethoughtsatall.C.Quittheprocesswhenyoufeelit’stoohardforyou.D.Havinganegativemindsetwillnotdogreatharmtoone’slifE.70.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Don’tgiveintonegativityB.HowtogainapositivemindsetC.YoumustbelieveinyourselfD.Bepatienttochangeyourthoughts

Algae水藻areverysimpleplants.Theygrowinfreshwaterorsaltywater.Seaweedisalgaethatgrowinsaltywater.Seaweedisredorbrownincolor.TheJapanesepeopleusetheseplantsfromtheseainmanyways.FromittheymakeafoodcalledKombu.Kombuisseaweedthathasbeendriedcookedandpressedtogether.Thenitisdriedagainandcutintolongpieces.TheJapaneseeatalotofKombuandlikeitverymuch.Japanesefarmersoftenuseseaweedasfertilizer.Itmakestheirplantsgrowbetter.Manyfarmersalsofindseaweedmakesafinefoodfortheiranimals.FromseaweedtheJapanesealsogetiodine碘whichtheyselltoothercountries.IodineisusedinmanywaysallovertheworlD.Itisusedinmakingmedicine.Itisaddedtothesaltweuseatthetable.Scientistsevenuseoneformofiodinetoseedcloudswhentheywantraintofall.21.Kombuisakindof____accordingtothetext.A.plantB.medicineC.foodD.fertilizer22.Inthelastsentenceofthetextseedcloudsmeans____.A.cloudsspreadinglikeseedsB.theseedslikecloudsC.tomakerainfallwithhumanpowerD.droppingseedsbyclouds23.Themainideaofthestoryisthat____.A.TheJapaneseeatseaweedwhentheywantraintofall.B.Kombuismadeintomedicineforfarmers.C.TheJapaneseuseseaweedinmanyways.D.TheJapaneseeatalotofKombu.

Peopleatriskofaheartattackorstrokecouldbenefitfromblood-pressure-loweringdrugseveniftheirbloodpressureisconsideredinthenormalhealthyrangE.Ifsuchdrugswereofferedtopeoplewithcardiac心脏的risksregardlessoftheirbloodpressureatthebeginningoftreatmentitcouldsavemillionsoflivesresearchersinOxfordUniversityfounD.Forthestudytheteamanalyzedmorethan120medicaltrialsincludingaround600000peopleconductedovertwodecadessayingtheirfindingsareacallforanurgentreviewofexistingbloodpressuretreatmentguidelines.OurfindingsclearlyshowthattreatingbloodpressuretoalowerlevelcouldgreatlyreducetheriskofcardiovasculardiseaseifwidelyconductedsaidstudyleadauthorKazemRahimi.Highbloodpressurehaslongbeenidentifiedasafactorinhigherrisksofheartdiseaseandstrokesandmakesmorethanabillionpeoplearoundtheglobeintorment—includingoneoutofthreeU.S.adults.BloodpressureisrecordedinmillimetersofmercurymmHgastwonumbersinaratio:systolicpressureinsidethearteries动脉whentheheartbeatsasthetopnumberanddiastolic舒张的pressurebetweenheartbeatsastheheartrestsandisrefilledwithblooD.Normalbloodpressureisconsideredat120/80orbelowandisconsideredhighat140/90oraboveaccordingtotheAmericanHeartAssociation.Theresearcherssaidtheirstudyshowedthatforeveryreductioninsystolicpressureof10mmHgtheriskofheartattackswasreducedbyafifthandthatofastrokearoundaquarter.Someexpertssaidtheythoughtthestudy’sfindingswereimportantbutdidoffersomewarnings.OneimportantwarningisthatnoteveryonewillbeabletotoleratehavingtheirbloodpressurereducedtolowlevelsandthereisaneedtobalancepossibledrugsideeffectsandlikelybenefitsSmeethsaiD.12.Whatdothefindingsindicate?A.Normalbloodpressuredoesn’tmeanahealthybody.B.Theexistingbloodpressuretreatmentisuseless.C.Highbloodpressureisthefirsthealthkiller.D.Highbloodpressurecausesmanydiseases.13.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordtormentinParagraph3mean?A.TolerancE.B.Debt.C.Pain.D.Despair.14.WhatisthefunctionofParagraph4?A.ToteachhowtomeasurebloodpressurE.B.TocomparehighandnormalbloodpressurE.C.Toexplainthefactorinheartattacksandstrokes.D.ToshowsomediseasesarerelatedtobloodpressurE.15.WhatcanbeinferredfromSmeeth’swords?A.Hethoughtlessofthefindings.B.Reducingbloodpressureisn’tsafeforeveryonE.C.Mostexpertsdisagreewiththefindings.D.Drugsideeffectsarebiggerthanbenefits.

TheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramUNEPsays200millionAfricansgotosleephungrythatnumberrepresents23percentofthepopulationonthecontinent.A.newUNstudyshowsthateightoutoftencountriesfacingtheworstfoodshortageareinAfricA.RecentlyAfricanexpertsfarmersandothersgatheredinKenyafortwodaysofdiscussion.TheydebatedwaystofeedthegrowinghumanpopulationinAfricaanddealwithrisingtemperaturesonearthsurfacE.TheUNClimateChangeCoordinatorforAfricaRichardMunangwasoneofthespeakers.Henotedaneedtoincreasefoodproductiontofeedthepopulationbuthesaidthismustbedonewithoutputtingmorepressureontheenvironment.HesaiditisimportanttofindwaystofeedpeoplewithoutdestroyingforestsriversandseasthatprovidefooD.AtthemeetingsEmmanuelDlaminiservedasanegotiatorforOneAfricA.Inhisopinionclimatechangeisheretostay.HesaysAfricangovernmentandfarmershavetolookforwaystodealwiththechanges.Africanfarmerssaythatacombinationofunpredictablerainandrisingtemperaturescreatesanenvironmentforcropdiseasesthataffectsproduction.TheconferencealsoheardfromarepresentativeofNestleoneofworld’slargestfoodcompanies.NestleAfrica’sHansJohnsaysfarmersneedassistancefromfoodprocessingcompaniesandnon-governmentalorganizationstodealwithchallenges.47.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthediscussionmentionedinparagraph2isnotcorrect?A.Ittooktwodays.B.WaystofeedglobalhumanpopulationarediscusseD.C.Africanexpertsfarmersandothersjoinedthediscussion.D.Risingtemperatureisatopicofthediscussion.48.RichardMunangwillmostprobablyagreewith______.A.allmeasuresshouldbetriedtofeedthepopulationB.weshouldfindwaystofeedthepopulationwithoutdestroyingtheenvironmentC.AfricangovernmentandfarmershavetolookforwaystodealwiththechangesD.foodprocessingcompaniesandnon-governmentalorganizationsshoulddealwithchallenges49.Africanfarmersbelieve______leadtocropdiseasE.A.unpredictablerainandgrowinghumanpopulationB.destroyingforestsriversandseasC.risingtemperatureandlowproductionD.unpredictablerainandrisingtemperature50.Whichofthefollowingwillbethebesttitle?A.GrowingPopulationandRisingTemperatureB.WaystoFeedHumanPopulationC.DiscussiontoEndHungerinAfricaD.FoodShortageinAfrica

Thesunisalwaysshining.ButitcanonlyshineononesideoftheearthatonetimE.WhenthesunisshiningononesideoftheearthitisnightontheothersidE.Atnightyoucanseethestars星星.Thestarsareintheskyallday.Butthelightfromthesunissobrightthatyoucan’tseethem.WhennightcomethereisnolightandthestarsarebrightenoughtoseE.Thestarslookverysmall.Butsomeofthemareevenbiggerthanthesun.Theylooksmallbecausetheyaresofarawayfromyou.Bigthingslookmuchsmallerwhentheyarefaraway.Thesuniscloser近totheearththanotherstarssoitlooksbigger.40.Whenitisnightthesun________.A.doesn’tshineB.shinesforashorttimeC.disappears消失D.shinesontheothersideoftheearth41Thestarslooksmallbecause________.A.theyarefarawayB.theyaresmallC.theyhavenolightD.theyareinthesky42Smallthingsmaylook________whentheyareclosE.A.biggerB.smallC.nearD.faraway43Thesunlooksbiggerthanotherstarsbecause________.A.it’sbiggerB.it’sfarawayintheskyC.itgivesmuchbrightlightD.it’sclosertotheearththanotherstars

TheUnitedStatesgovernmenthasdecidedthatfoodfromcloned克隆cattlepigsandgoatsissafetoeat.TheFoodandDrugAdministrationalsosaysitfoundnorisksinmeatandmilkfromclonedanimals.TheF.D.A.lookedatstudiesforseveralyearsbeforeitannounceditsdecisioninafinalreportthismonth.TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculturesupportedthefindings.Butitsaystimeisneededtoclearthewayformarketingmeatandmilkfromclones.TheF.D.A.willnotrequireanyproducttoberegistered注册ascomingfromclones.A.producerwouldneedtolabel标注aproductclone-free.Theagency机构saysthatcouldbemisunderstoodbecausethefoodisnotdifferentfromotherfooD.ButactivistsarguethattheF.D.A.baseditsdecisiononincompleteresearchintopossiblerisks.TheCenterforFoodSafetycriticizedtheuseofstudiessuppliedbycloningcompanies.Animalrightsactivistspointoutthatcloningattemptsoftenfail.Theysaycloningiscruelandcanleadtosuffering.Congress国会hasbeentryingtogettheF.D.A.todomorestudies.ButtheagencynotedthatexpertsinNewZealandandtheEuropeanUnionhadcometothesamefindingsaboutthesafetyoffoodfromclones.JapanSouthKoreaandTaiwansaytheywanttostudyitfurtherbeforetakingaction.Productsfromcloningmaynotbewidelyusedforseveralyears.Clonescostmuchwhichiswhytheyarenotwidelyusedforfeeding.TheAgricultureDepartmentsaysfewcloneswilleverbecomefooD.TheirtraditionallyraisedanimalswouldenterthefoodsupplyinsteaD.32.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.IsFoodfromClonedAnimalsSafe?B.A.NewClonePolicyC.A.BigDanger—ClonedFoodD.ClonedProducts—ATerribleChoice33.AllthefollowingaresureofthesafetyofclonedproductsEXCEPT_________.A.NewZealandB.JapanC.theUSAD.theEuropeanUnion34.Whyareproductsfromcloningnotwidelyusedforfeeding?A.Becausecloningattemptsoftenfail.B.Becausetheyarenotsafetoeat.C.Becausecloningiscruel.D.BecausetheyareexpensivE.35.Wherecanyouprobablyseethepassage?A.Inanovel.B.Inanewspaper.C.Inatravelleaflet.D.Inanoticeonthewall.

Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugarbutnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthatwhileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsaysLighttomoderatealcoholintakeespeciallyofwinemaybemorelikelytoprotectagainstratherthanpromoteweightgain.TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholresearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusionsparticularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms生物学机制relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstooD.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes糖尿病whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfatandthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinkstakingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbecomingobesE.What’smoreastudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrolacompoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.21.Thepassageismainlyforthose_________A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight22.Theunderlinedphraseinmoderationinthefirstparagraphmeans_________.A.excitedlyB.carefullyC.frequentlyD.properly23.WhatcanwelearnfromthepassageA.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbecomingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.24.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.HowtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwinE.C.HowtoprovethefindingmentionedabovE.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.

Everyoneknowsthateatingtoomuchjunkfoodisnotgoodtoourhealth.Yetwhatisitaboutjunkfoodthatissocompletelyirresistible无可抗拒的?Foronethingit’severywherE.FromchipsinfastfoodrestaurantstocandyinsupermarketsjunkfoodalwaysseemsavailablE.Thankfullyscienceisnowprovidingnewcluestohelpusreducesnacking.Makefriendswithdainty讲究的eaters.Studieshavefoundthatpeopletendtoincreaseorreducetheamountoffoodtheyeatdependingonwhattheircompanionsaretakingin.Seehappymoviesandalwaysgetthesmallerbagofpopcorn爆米花.Accordingtosomeexpertspeopleeatupto29%morepopcorniftheyarewatchingasadorseriousmoviecomparedtowhentheyarewatchingacomedy.Viewersconsumedalmost200caloriesmorewhensnackingfromalargebucketasopposedtowhengivenamedium-sizedcontainer.Eatbreakfast.Nutritionistshavegonebackandforth来来回回aboutthequestionofhowmuchtoeatinthemorningbutnewstudiessuggestthatconsumingagoodbreakfastisamust.Surveysonlong-termweight-lossshowthattwokeyfactorsinkeepingweightdownareeatingbreakfastandexercising.Divideyourfoodandconquerovereating.Anykindofdividingyourfoodintoportionsslowsdownyoureating.Anykindofmarkermakesyouawareofwhatyou’reeatingandofportionsizE.Researchersadvisereallocating再分配snackfoodsintosmallplasticbags.Itsoundssimplisticbutitworks.32.Whydopeopleeattoomuchjunkfoodthoughitisbadforourhealth?A.It’sdeliciousfromchipstocandy.B.It’seasilytakeneverywherE.C.Becauseit’savailablehereandtherE.D.It’seasilyboughtinfastfoodrestaurants.33.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Peoplearelikelytoeatmorefoodwhenstayingwithfriends.B.Nutritionistshavethesameopinionabouthowmuchtoeatinthemorning.C.Peopleprefertosnackfromalargebucket.D.Ifpeoplearewatchingatragedytheyeatupto29%morepopcorn.34.Whatwillheorshedoifheorshewantstoloseweight?A.Toeatnothinginthemorning.B.ToeatbreakfastandexercisE.C.TogetupearlyandtogotobedlatE.D.Tosnackfromamedium-sizebucket.35.Whatisthetextmainlyabouttherules?A.howtoeatproperlyandhealthily.B.howtomakefriendswithdaintyeaters.C.howmuchtoeatinthemorning.D.howtocontrolovereating.

FortheTravelsectionwritersandeditorsselectedspecialitemstoprofilefromadozencities.Brussels:ChocolateNearlyhalfthechocolateconsumedintheworldiseateninEuropeandBelgium—withaverageconsumptionof14.99poundsperpersonayear—certainlycoversitsfairsharE.WhileBrusselsthecountry’scapitalishometohundredsofchocolatemakerswhatmakesavisitnecessaryistherichheritageoftraditionalchocolatemakers.Budapest:Paprika红辣椒ThejobofpreparingHungarianpaprikawasonceconsideredtoodangerousformotherstodo.A.womanwhotouchedherchildrenuponreturningfromworkriskedburningthemsoonlytheelderlyandunmarriedwereallowedthedelicatetaskofseparatingtheskinfromtheflesh.Butbytheearly20thcenturysweetervarietiesandamachineturnedpaprikaintoacommonfeatureofallHungariancuisinE.Lisbon:Tiles瓷砖IsthereabluercountrythanPortugal?TheblueskyandAtlanticOceanembracethelanD.ThebluemoodsofFadothedarkfolkmusicformthenationalsoundtrack.AndallacrossPortugalthetypicallybluedesignsofazulejos—ceramictiles—arespreadacrosschurchescastlespalacesuniversityhallsparks...TheresultisabeautifullandofChristiansaintsPortuguesekingshistoricalgloriesaristocrats贵族atleisureseascapesandsoon.Madrid:GuitarsWalkingintooneofMadrid’sstoriedguitarmakers’workshopscanfeellikesteppingintothepast.Curlywoodshavingsfromthepalestpinetoebonyfallontothefloorasartisans工匠turnsomehumblewoodintoworksofart.It’spainstakingwork—alldonebyhand—withclassicalguitarmodelsandthemethodsofmakingthemchanginglittleoverthelastcentury.1.WhatdoesthejobofpreparingHungarianpaprikasuggest?A.ThepopularityofHungarianpeppers.B.Thedifficultyofprocessingpeppers.C.TheuniquetraditioninBudapest.D.ThehotlevelofHungarianpeppers.2.Whichcitycanbeasplendidsettingforafilm?A.Brussels.B.Budapest.C.Lisbon.D.MadriD.3.What’sthesimilarityofthefouritems?A.They’realltreasuresofacity.B.Theyalldatebackseveralcenturies.C.Theirproductionprocessesareallpainstaking.D.TheyallwinpopularityinmostEuropeancountries.

Manyofusmistakenlybelievethatit'swrongtothinkwehaveanygoodqualities.WemayspendalotoftimeblamingourselvesforournegativequalitiesthinkingthatselfcriticismisthekeytoimprovingourperformancE.HoweveraconstantfocusonoursupposedshortcomingscanstopoureffortstomakefriendswithotherpeoplE.Howcanwebelievethatotherscouldlikeusifwebelieveourinnerbeingisflawed有缺陷?Ifsomeoneseemstodislikeyouthereasonforthatdislikemighthavelittleornothingtodowithyou.Thepersonwhodoesn'tlikeyoumightbefearfulorshalloworbusyorshy.PerhapsyouandthatpersonaresimplyamismatchforeachotheratthisparticulartimE.Don'ttakeyourselfoutofthegamebydecidingthatyourflawsarebiggerthanyourgoodqualities.InfactsomeoftheveryqualitiesyouconsidertobeflawsmaybeirresistibletosomeoneelsE.ForallthefactorsthatmightcauseonepersontorejectyouthereareatleastasmanyfactorsthatwillworkinyourfavorwithsomeoneelsE.YoumightbethirtypoundsoveryouridealweightbutyoumayhaveawonderfullaughandarealenthusiasmforlifE.Therearemanypeoplewhodon’tmindyourextrapounds.YoumaydriveashabbycarbutyoumightbeagreatdancerandaloyalfrienD.Therearepeopleouttherelookingforloyaltyorfunorsweetnessorwisdomandthepackageitcomesinisnotimportant.Ifyouareworriedthatyouarenotbeautifulenoughtoattractfriendskeepinmindthatnoteveryoneislookingforphysicalbeautyintheirfriends.Youcandecidetofeelinferior自卑becauseyoudon'thavemuchmoneyandyoudon'tdriveanicecar.Youcanbelievethatthisisthereasonthatyoudon'thavemanyfriendsinyourlifE.Ontheotherhandifyouareverywealthyyoumaybesuspiciousthateveryoneisafteryourmoneyandthatnobodyreallylikesyouasaperson.Thepointisthatyoucanfocusonjustaboutanythingandbelieveit'sthereasonyoudonothavefriendsandcannotmakeany.29.Accordingtotheauthor___________playsanimportantroleinmakingfriends.A.admittingyourshortcomingsB.selfcriticismC.modestyD.confidence30.Ifyouarenotlikedbyaperson_________.A.youshouldfindthereasoninyourselfB.you’dbettertalkwiththepersonfacetofaceC.youmaynotbetheonetobeblamedD.youandthatpersonmisunderstandeachother31.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itisimportanttoloseweight.B.Itiseasierforawealthypersontomakefriends.C.InnerqualitiesaremoreimportantthanphysicalappearancE.D.Ifyouarenotbeautifulenoughtrytoimproveyourphysicalbeauty.

SamAllredsuffersfromarareandincurablekidney肾脏diseasE.OnedaywhenhissisterwasplayingasongrepeatedlySamsangalong.HissisterthoughtitwasfunnysosherecordeditandpostedthevideoonlinE.Thevideo—andSam—becameahit.Only8yearsoldatthetimehecouldn’thaveexpectedtheresponsE.ThetelevisionshowTheDoctorscalledandwantedmeontheirshowsotheypaidformetogotoCaliforniasaysSamnow13andwegottostayinahotelwhereallthemoviestarsstayeD.DuringthatvisittoCaliforniaAngieAllredSam’smotherhadanideaaboutSamwritingachildren’sbook.TogethersheandSamwroteOpeningHeartswhichtellsSam’sexperienceoflivingwithachronic慢性的illness.IwrotethebooktoteachpeopletobekindertopeopleSamsays.MoreoverSamwantedtosendpillowstosickchildrenstayinginhospitalsaroundthecountrytomaketheirstaymorecomfortableanideathatcamefromatimewhenhewasinthehospital.AfewkindboyscameinwithpillowsandtheygavemeoneanditmeantalottomethatsomeonecaredaboutkidsinthehospitalsaysSam.AngiethoughtofstartinganonprofitorganizationtoprovideawayforpeopletocontributemoneytorealizeSam’sideas.ShenamedthenonprofitKindnessforKids.SincethenSamhastakenpillowstochildrenstayingatProvidenceHospitalinAnchoragE.Sam’sfatherScottAllredownsasmallbusinessthatcontracts承包shippingserviceswithFedExGrounD.Heaskedthecompanyforhelp.FedExGroundlearnedaboutSam’spillowprojectsaysErinTruxalmanagerofpublicrelationsforFedExGrounD.Wethought‘WhataperfectwayforustogetinvolveD.’ThecompanyprovidedshippingservicesforSamtoshipabout5000pillowstohospitals.Samwantstosendmorepillowstoallofthechildren’shospitalsineverystatE.Hisgoalissimple:Kidsinthehospitalashappyastheywerebeforetheygotsickhesays.24.WecanlearnfromthetextthatSamAllred_____.A.wasahealthyboyB.waspopularatanearlyageC.sangthesongwithhissisterD.workedinhisfather’scompany25.OpeningHeartsisabookthat_____.A.isabestsellerB.isaboutSam’ssisterC.waspublishedwhenSamwas13D.waswrittenbySamandhismother26.WhatisFedExGround’sattitudetowardsSam’scareer?A.Doubtful.B.SurpriseD.C.Approving.D.UninteresteD.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSamAllred?A.Optimisticandwarm-hearteD.B.HonestandresponsiblE.C.Unusualandconfident.D.FriendlyandbravE.

Astudyof27000menshowedthoseskipping不吃breakfastwereatagreaterriskofheartproblems.TheBritishHeartFoundationsaidbreakfasthelpedpeopleresist抵制sugarysnacksbeforelunch.Themenaged45-82werestudiedfor16years.Duringthattimethereweremorethan1500heartattacksorcasesofdeadlyheartfailurE.Howeverpeoplewhoskippedbreakfastwere27%morelikelytohaveheartproblemsthanthosewhostartedthedaywithameal.Theresearcherstookintoconsiderationotherlifestyleriskfactors因素suchassmokingandexercisE.ResearcherDrLeahCahilltoldtheBBC:Thetake-homemessageistoeatinthemorningwhenyouwakeuppreferablywithinanhour.Theresultsshowthatsomethingisbetterthannothingbutit’salwaysbettertohavesomethinghealthyandbalanceD.Shesaidthetimingofthemealseemedtobekeyandwaitinguntillunchratherthanhavingbreakfastmaybestraining损伤thebodyovertimE.Thiscouldbeincreasingtheriskofhighbloodpressureandfatnesswhichcouldinturndamagetheheart.Don’tskipbreakfastDrCahillsuggesteD.VictoriaTayloranexpertwiththeBritishHeartFoundationsaid:Theseresearchersonlylookedatmenagedover45sowewouldneedtoseefurtherresearchtoprovethatbreakfasthasthesameeffectonthehearthealthofothergroupsofpeoplE.Whatwedoknowisthatahealthybreakfastcanmakethatmid-morningbiscuitlesstemptingaswellasgivingyouanotheropportunitytowidenthevarietyoffoodsinyourdiet.Cereals谷类食品withlowfatmilkareagoodwaytostarttheday.Tryabananaordriedfruitontopandyou’llbeonyourwaytoafinedaybeforeyou’veevenleftthehousE.28.Whatdoesthetextmainlydealwith?A.Theeffectsofsnacksonthehealthoftheheart.B.AninterviewbytheBBConpeople’slifestyles.C.Whatahealthyandbalanceddietshouldcontain.D.Therelationshipbetweenbreakfastandahealthyheart.29.DrLeahCahill’ssuggestionisthatweshould_____.A.fixthetimeforeachmealweeatinadayB.makesureourbreakfastisalwaysbalancedC.eatourbreakfastimmediatelyaftergettingupD.havebreakfastwithinanhourafterwakingup30.Theunderlinedwordtemptinginthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____.A.attractiveB.valuableC.obviousD.familiar31.AccordingtoVictoriaTaylor_____.A.menover45aremorelikelytogetheartdiseasesB.freshfruitslikebananasarenecessaryforahealthybreakfastC.it’shealthytoeatsomebiscuitbetweenbreakfastandlunchD.theresearchersshouldhavecoveredotheragegroupsintheirstudy

HaveyouseenapictureofGeorgeWashingtonlately?TakealookatadollarorcheckoutabookonWashingtonfromthelibrary.Youprobablywon’tfindanypicturesofhimsmiling.DidthepainterforgettotellthePresidenttosaycheese?ActuallyWashingtonbeganlosinghisteethatage22andwasentirelytoothlessbyage64.Mostofhispictureswerepaintedwhileheworedentures假牙.Hisvarioussetsofdenturesweremadefrombothanimalandhumanteeth.Theseteethwereheldtogetherwithsprings弹簧sopowerfulthatGeorge’sjaws颚hadtoworkhardtokeeptheupperandlowerpartstogether.Ifherelaxedhismouthwouldopen!ThismaybethereasonwhyWashingtonalwayslookssosterninhispictures.Washingtonlivedinthe1700satimewhenpeopledidn’ttakecareoftheirteeththewaywedotoday.Theydidn’thavetoothpastewithfluorideachemicalthatpreventsteethfrombecomingbad.Mostpeopleusedpowderedchalktocleantheirteeth.Somepeoplehadtoothbrushesmadeofanimalhairswithwoodormetalhandles.Backthenpeopledidn’tvisitthedentisteverysixmonthsforacheckupandcleaning.George’sdentistJohnGreenwoodlivedandworkedinNewYork.WashingtonregularlymailedhisdenturestoGreenwoodsotheycouldberepaireD.Otherwisehewouldseehisdentistonlytohaveteethtakenoutbecausetheycausedhimpain.DuringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWarGeneralWashington’steethbotheredhimsomuchthathesentfortheFrenchdentistLaMayeur.Todaywedon’thavetosufferlikeGeorgediD.Sothenexttimesomeonetakesyourpictureshowoffyourteethandsaycheese!32.TherearefewpicturesofWashingtonsmilingbecausewhenhispicturewaspainted_____.A.hehadtotrytokeephisfalseteethinB.thepainterforgottotellhimtosmileC.hewasunhappytobeapainter’smodelD.thepainterdidn’tdrawhisteeth33.TheunderlinedwordsterninParagraph2probablymeans_____.A.happyB.puzzledC.seriousD.confident34.InWashington’stime_____.A.peoplewereunwillingtocleantheirteethB.peopleusedtoothpastetocleantheirteethC.therewasnowaytostopteethbecomingbadD.thereweretoothbrushesmadeofanimalhairs35.WhatcanweknowaboutGeorgeWashington?A.Hesaidcheesewhenhispicturewasbeingtaken.B.Heandhisdentistlivedinthesamecity.C.Hesufferedalotfromlosingteeth.D.HegotmedicalcareonlyfromGreenwooD.

InsomewaystheUnitedStateshasmadesomeprogress.Firesnolongerdestroy18000buildingsastheydidintheGreatChicagoFireof1871orkillhalfatownof2400peopleastheydidthesamenightinPeshtigoWisconsin.OtherthantheBeverlyHillSupperClubfireinKentuckyin1977ithasbeenfourdecadessincemorethan100AmericansdiedinafirE.ButevenwithsuchsuccessestheUnitedStatesstillhasoneoftheworstfiredeathratesintheworlD.Safetyexpertssaytheproblemisneithermoneynortechnologybuttheindifference无所谓ofacountrythatjustwillnottakefiresseriouslyenough.Americanfiredepartmentsaresomeoftheworld'sfastestandbest-equippeD.TheyhavetobE.TheUnitedStateshastwiceJapan'spopulationand40timesasmanyfires.Itspendsfarlessonpreventingfiresthanonfightingthem.AndAmericanfire-safetylessonsareaimedalmostentirelyatchildrenwhodieinlargenumbersinfiresbutwhoagainstpopularbeliefsstartveryfewofthem.Expertssaytheerrorisanopinionthatfiresarenotreallyanyone'sfault.ThatisnotsoinothercountrieswherebothpubliceducationandthelawtreatfiresaseitherapersonalfailingoracrimE.Japanhasmanywoodhouses;ofthe48firesinworldhistorythatburnedmorethan10000buildingsJapanhashad27.Punishmentforcausingabigfirecanbeassevereaslifeimprisonment.IntheUnitedStatesmosteducationdollarsarespentinelementaryschools.Butthelessonsareaimedattoolimitedanumberofpeople;just9percentofallfiredeathsarecausedbychildrenplayingwithmatches.TheUnitedStatescontinuestodependmoreontechnologythanlawsorsocialpressurE.Therearesmokedetectorsin85percentofallhomes.Somelocalbuildinglawsnowrequirehomesprinklers喷水装置.NewheatersandironsshutthemselvesoffiftheyaretippeD.29.ThereasonwhysomanyAmericansdieinfiresisthat_____.A.theytooknointerestinnewtechnologyB.theydidnotpaygreatattentiontopreventingfiresC.theyshowedindifferencetofightingfiresD.theydidnotspendenoughmoneyonfireequipment30.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.firesafetylessonsshouldnotbeaimedonlyatAmericanchildrenB.AmericanchildrenhavenotreceivedenougheducationoffiresafetylessonsC.JapanisbetterequippedwithfireequipmentthantheUnitedStatesD.America'slargepopulationleadstomorefires31.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TherehasbeennogreatfireintheUSAinrecent40yearsthatleadstohighdeathratE.B.TherehavebeenseveralgreatfiresintheUSAinrecent40yearsthatleadtohighdeathratE.C.TherehasbeenonlyonegreatfireintheUSAinrecent40yearsthatledtohighdeathratE.D.ThefireinKentuckyin1977madeonlyafewpeoplekilleD.

RegardedasoneoftheEnglishlanguage’smostgiftedpoetsJohnKeatswrotepoetrythatconcentratedonimageryhumannatureandphilosophy.AlthoughKeatsdidn’treceivemuchformalliteraryeducationhisownstudiesandpassionbroughthimmuchsuccess.Additionallyhisownlifesituationinfluencedhispoetrygreatly.GrowingupasayoungboyinLondoninalowermiddle-classfamilytheyoungJohndidn’tattendaprivateschoolbutwenttoapubliconE.Histeachersandhisfamily’sfriendsregardedhimasanoptimisticboywhofavoredplayingandfightingmuchmorethanmindinghisstudies.Afterhisfather’sdeathintheearly1800sfollowedbyhismother’spassingduetotuberculosis肺结核hebeganviewinglifedifferently.Hewantedtoescapetheworldanddidsobyreadinganythinghecouldgethishandson.Ataroundtheageof16theteenageJohnKeatsbeganstudyingunderasurgeonsothathetoomightbecomeadoctor.HoweverhisliteraryappetitehadtakentoomuchofhisfancyespeciallywithhisaddictiontothepoetryofEhmundSpenser.HewasabletohavehisfirstfullpoempublishedintheExaminerin1816entitledOSolitude!IfIMustWithTheeDwell.Withintwomonthsin1817KeatshadwrittenanentirevolumeofpoetrybutwassharplycriticizedbyamagazinE.Howeverthenegativeresponsedidn’tstophispursuitofrhythm韵律.JohnKeats’nextworkwasEndymionwhichwaspublishedinMay1818.Thestoryinvolvesashepherdwhofallsinlovewiththemoongoddessandleadshimonanadventureofoneboy’shopetoovercomethelimitationsofbeinghuman.FollowingEndymionhoweverhetriedsomethingmorenarrative-basedandwroteIsabella.DuringthistimeJohnKeatsbeganseeinghislimitationsinpoetryduetohisownlimitinlifeexperiences.Hewouldhavetohavetheknowledgeassociatedwithhispoems.HisnextworkwasHyperionthatwouldattempttocombineallthathelearneD.Howeverabout发作withtuberculosiswhilevisitingItalywouldkeephimfromhisworkandeventuallytakehislifein1821.8.JohnKeats’attitudetowardslifechangedbecauseof_________.A.hisearlyeducationfromschoolB.thedeathsofhisparentsC.EdmundSpenser’spoetryD.thecriticismofamagazine9.WhatisthecommonthingbetweenJohnKeatsandhismother?A.TheydiedofthesamediseasE.B.TheyhadabadchildhoodC.Theyreadmanybooks.D.Theyshowedstronginterestinpoetry10.WhilepursuinghisdreamofbecomingapoetfirstJohnKeatswas_________.A.determinedB.experiencedC.knowledgeableD.impatient11.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Keatsreceivedlittleeducationatschool.B.Keatsoncehadachanceofbecomingadoctor.C.In1816Keatsspenttwomonthswritingapoem.D.Endymionwasaboutareallovestory.

Silenceisunnaturaltoman.Hebeginslifewithacryandendsitinstillness.InbetweenhedoesallhecantomakeanoiseintheworldandhefearssilencemorethananythingelsE.EvenhisconversationisanattempttopreventafearfulsilencE.Ifheisintroducedtoanotherpersonandanumberofpausesoccurintheconversationheregardshimselfasafailureaworthlesspersonandisfullofenvyoftheemptiest-headedchatterbox喋喋不休唠叨的人.Heknowsthatninety-ninepercentofhumanconversationmeansnomorethanthebuzzingofaflybutheisanxioustojoininthebuzzandtoprovethatheisamanandnotawaxworkfigure.TheaimofconversationisnotforthemostparttocommunicateideasitistokeepupthebuzzingsounD.Thereareitmustbeadmitteddifferentqualitiesofbuzzthereisevenabuzzthatisasannoyingasthecontinuousnoisemadebyamosquito.Butatadinnerpartyonewouldratherbeamosquitothanaquietperson.MostbuzzingfortunatelyispleasanttotheearandsomeofitispleasanteventotheminD.Hewouldbeafoolishmanifhewaiteduntilhehadawisethoughttotakepartinthebuzzingwithhisneighbors.Thosewhohatetopickuptheweatherasaconversationalopeningseemtomenottoknowthereasonwhyhumanbeingswishtotalk.Veryfewhumanbeingsjoininaconversationinthehopeoflearninganythingnew.Someofthemarecontentiftheyaremerelyallowedtogoonmakinganoiseintootherpeople’searsthoughtheyhavenothingtotellthemexceptthattheyhaveseentwoorthreenewplaysorthattheyhadfoodinaSwisshotel.Attheendofaneveningduringwhichtheyhavesaidnothingmeaningfulforalongtimetheyjustprovethemselvestobesuccessfulconversationists.16.Accordingtotheauthorpeoplemakeconversationto_____.A.exchangeideasB.provetheirvalueC.achievesuccessinlifeD.overcometheirfearofsilence17.BythebuzzingofaflyParA.1theauthormeans_____.A.thenoiseofaninsectB.alowwhisperingsoundC.meaninglesstalksD.thevoiceofachatterbox18.Accordingtothepassagepeopleusuallytalktotheirneighbors_____.A.aboutwhatevertheyhavepreparedB.aboutwhatevertheywanttoC.inthehopeoflearningsomethingnewD.inthehopeofgettingonwell

Wenowonlysleepforsixhoursand41minuteseachnightandhalfofushavenochanceofaweekendlie-inanewstudyshows.Anditseemsevenduringtheweekwearestrugglingtogetenoughshut-eyE.Itissaidthattwo-thirdsofusaresleepingforonlysixhoursand27minuteseverynightonehourand33minutesshorterthanthenormaldailyamount总额ofsleep—eighthours.Morethan27percentaregettinglesssleepthantheydidayearago.Insteadofaweekendlie-inmostpeoplewillchoose11minutesofextrasnoozebutton睡眠键timewhichcouldbebadforhealth.68percentnowusetheirmobilephonetowakethemupeverymorning.Fouroutoftenadultssaytheysettheirwake-upcallearlierthanneededthenhitthesnoozebuttonontheirmobilephonestwiceforan11minutes’restinordertomaketheirbodiesfeelliketheyhavehadmoresleep.ProfessorStevieWilliamssaidSettingyouralarmclockmuchearlierandcontinuallypressingthesnoozebuttonactuallymakesyoufeelevenweakerafteranight’ssleep.NappinginthiswaycanmakeyoumissoutontheimportantREMsleepwhichhappensjustbeforeyouwakeup.Anditisnecessaryforyoutousetheweekendtocatchuponthesleepdebtduringtheweek.Athirdofadultsarekeptawakeatnightbecauseofmoneyworriesaquartercan’tfallasleepduetofamilyproblemsandjustunderone-fifthworryaboutworkstresses.Beingshortofsleepisextremelyharmfultoaperson’sheathandwell-being.Butwehavetostoptreatingsleepasaluxury奢侈品andrealizethatitisnecessarytogeteighthoursofsleepeverynight.44.WhatcanweknowaboutREMsleep?A.Weshouldavoiditbeforewewakeupeachday.B.Ithappensbeforewewakeupandisgoodforourhealth.C.It’suselesstoenjoythisstageofsleepbeforewewakeup.D.Itcandoharmtoourhealthasitmakesuswakeupearlier.45.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthelastparagraph?A.ToshowwhatkeepsusawakE.B.Totelluswhyweneedtotreatsleepseriously.C.Togiveussometipsonhowtogetasoundsleep.D.Tooffersomeevidencethatsleepisakindofluxury.46.Theauthorwritesthepassageinordertotellusthatweshould.A.avoidworkinglateintothenightB.getenoughsleepandknowitsimportanceC.trytokeepabalancebetweenfamilyandworkD.replacetheunhealthylifestylewithahealthyone47.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whataneight-hoursleepmeansB.WhypeopleneedtosleepeverydayC.HowtogetasoundsleepD.Enoughsleepisveryimportant\

TherearemanypeoplewhosayThomasEdisoninventedthetwentiethcentury.AlthoughtherearethosewhomaydisagreeyetEdisonwasoneofthegreatestinventorsinAmericA.Bornin1847inOhioThomasEdisonattendedschoolforonlythreemonths.AfterhisteachersaidthathecouldnotlearnEdison’smotherdecidedtoteachhimathomE.Therehewasallowedtostudythesubjectsthatmostinterestedhim.ByagetenEdisonhadbuiltasciencelaboratoryofhisown.Edisongothisfirstjobatagetwelveontherailwaysellingcandyandnewspapers.Thereheoncesavedaboywhosefatherwasthebossoftherailwaystation.Inreturnthebosshelpedhimalot.InhislatetwentiesEdisonbuiltaninventionfactorywhereheandhisbusinesspartnerscoulddevotealltheirtimetoinventing.AfterimprovinguponthetelephoneEdisoncreatedthephonograph留声机.AlthoughEdisondidnotactuallyinventthelightbulbhedidcreateanelectriclightingsystemwhichledtoitswidespreadusE.Edisonsetupthefirstcentralelectricpowerstationin1882soNewYorkbecamethefirstcityintheworldtohaveelectriclights.ThiswasthebeginningofthemodernworldinwhichelectricitybecameawayoflifE.ThefollowingyearoneofEdison’sengineersdiscoveredelectrons电子whichatlastledtoelectronics.WithoutelectronicswemightnothaveradioTVcomputersorspacetravel.TherestofEdison’slifewasspentmakingandimprovinginventions.ThomasEdisondiedattheageofeighty-fourin1931.ThreedayslatermuchofAmericadimmed使暗淡itslightsinhonoroftheinventor—amanwhohadmoreimpact影响onthedevelopmentofpresent-daycivilizationthananyoneelseinhistory.32.【小题1】Thepassagetellsusthat________.A.Edisondidn’tliketostudyatschoolB.EdisoninventedthelightbulbinhislatetwentiesC.evenwithoutelectronicswemighthaveradioTVcomputersorspacetravelD.NewYorkwasthefirstcityintheworldtohaveelectriclights33.【小题2】Fromthepassagewecaninferthat_________.A.Edison’steacherthoughtEdisonwasnotworthteachingB.Edison’smotherstoppedEdisonstudyingatschoolC.Edisondidn’tinventmanythingsinallhislifeD.Edisondidn’tspendhislifeworkingontheseinventionswhenhewasold34.【小题3】WhydidmanyAmericansdimtheirlightswhenEdisondied?________.A.Americanswantedtosavemoreenergy.B.Americanswereusedtodimmingtheirlights.C.Americansdimmedtheirlightsinmemoryofthegreatinventor.D.Americansweremadetodimtheirlights.35.【小题4】Thebesttitleforthispassageis________.A.EdisonaPoorManB.EdisonaGreatInventorC.EdisonDiedat84D.EdisonandHisChildhood

ThedeserttortoiseisfoundintheMojaveandSonoranDesertsinNorthAmerica.ItislistedasanendangeredspeciesundertheUnitedStatesfederalEndangeredSpeciesActandisconsideredvulnerablebytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNatureIUCN.Despitethelawsthatprotectthemtheirnumbersarestillonthedecline.Thedeserttortoiseintheareashaslivedforthousandsofyears.Thisanimalisabletosurvivegroundtemperatureover140℉andisknowntoliveaslongas60to80years.Howeverninety-fivepercentofthelifeofadeserttortoiseisspentinthegroundescapingtheheatinaholeorpassageintheground.Holescanbeeasilydestroyedbyoff-highwayvehiclesthatdonotstayonbuiltroads.Disastersalsooccurwhentheyseekshadeunderparkedcars.Deserttortoisesarealsoharmedbyseveraldiseasessuchastheupperrespiratorytractdiseaseoftenfoundinadoptedtortoises.Petowners’releasingsicktortoisesintothewildhasresultedindiseasesbeingspreadtowildtortoises.Thedeserttortoisefeedsonadune沙丘primroseduringspring.Non-nativeSaharamustard芥菜seeninthebackgroundisaweedthatcompeteswiththenativeplantsforwaterandnutrients.Insomeareasmustardgrowssodenselythatitisnearlyimpossiblefordeserttortoisestopassthrough.Vehicleswhichdonotstayonbuiltroadsanddonotgetwashedfrequentlycontributetospreadingweeds.Rubbishsuchasburstballoonisadangertodeserttortoises.Theballooncanbemistakenforfoodbydeserttortoisesandonceconsumedmayremaininthestomachsandintestinesgivingthemafalsesenseoffullnessthatmaycausethemtostarve.28.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordvulnerableinParagraph1referto?A.EasilyharmeD.B.Veryuseful.C.WellprotecteD.D.HardlynoticeD.29.Whydoesthedeserttortoisespendmostofitstimeunderground?A.Tosaveenergyforalonglife.B.Toescapecross-countryvehicles.C.Toshelterthemselvesfromotheranimals.D.Toprotectthemselvesfromtheheat.30.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetortoise?A.Itdigestssplitballooneasily.B.Itlivesonnativeplants.C.Itcanfillitselfupwithburstballoon.D.Itpromotesthegrowthofmustard.31.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ProtectionoftheDesertTortoiseB.ASharpDeclineinTortoiseNumberC.DangerstheDesertTortoiseisFacingD.ABadEffectVehiclesHaveonTortoise

SomethinginchocolatecouldbeusedtostopcoughsandleadtomoreeffectivemedicinessayUKresearchers.Theirstudyfoundthattheobrominefoundincocoawasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeinewhichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment.Whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful有害的itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeandthisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblemsaidProfessorPeterBarnes.Tenhealthyvolunteers志愿者weregiventheobrominecodeineorplaceboapillthatcontainsnomedicineduringtheexperiment.Neitherthevolunteersnortheresearchersknewwhoreceivedwhichpill.Theresearchersthenmeasuredlevelsofcapsaicinwhichisusedinresearchtocausecoughingandasasignofhowwellthemedicinearestoppingcoughs.Theteamfoundthatwhenthevolunteersweregiventheobrominethecapsaicinneedtoproduceacoughwasaroundathirdhigherthanintheplacebogroup.Whentheyweregivencodeinetheyneedonlyslightlyhigherleversofcapsaicintocauseacoughcomparedwiththeplacebo.Theresearcherssaidthattheobromineworkedbykeepingdownaverveactivity神经活动whichcausecoughing.Theyalsofoundthatunlikesomestandardcoughtreatmentstheobrominecausednosideeffectssuchassleepiness.48.AccordingtoProfessorBarnestheobromine______.A.cannotbeaseffectiveascodeineB.canbeharmfultopeople’shealthC.cannotbeseparatedfromchocolateD.canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs49.Whatwasusedintheexperimenttocausecoughing?A.TheobrominE.B.CodeinE.C.Capsaicin.D.Placebo.50.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Codeine:A.NewMedicineB.ChocolateMayCureCoughsC.CoughTreatment:A.HardCaseD.TheobromineCanCauseCoughs

Lifeisfullofsurprisesandyouneverknowhowthingswillturnout.SirJohnGurdonisagoodexampleofthis.Asaboyhewastoldhewashopelessatscienceandfinishedbottomofhisclass.Nowaged79theverysameGurdonsharedthe2012NobelPrizeinMedicinewithJapanesestemcell干细胞researcherShinyaYamanakA.LikesomanyscientistsGurdonshowsuswherethepowerofcuriosityandperseverance坚持不懈canleaD.Attheageof15in1948Gurdonrankedlastoutofthe250boysathishighschoolinbiologyandeveryothersciencesubjectGurdon’shighschoolscienceteacherevensaidthathisdreamofbecomingascientistwasquiteridiculous.Inspiteofhisteacher’scriticismsGurdonfollowedhiscuriosityandkeptworkingharD.HewenttothelabearlyandleftlaterthananyoneelsE.Heexperiencedthousandsoffailures.MyownbeliefisthatwewillintheendunderstandeverythingabouthowcellsactuallyworkGurdonsaiD.In1962Gurdontookacellfromanadultfrogandmoveditsgenetic基因的informationintoaneggcell.Theeggcellthengrewintoaclone克隆oftheadultfrog.ThistechniquelaterhelpedtocreateDollythesheepin1996thefirstclonedmammalintheworlD.In2006Gurdon’sworkhasdevelopedbyYamanakatoshowthatasample样本ofaperson’sskincanbeusedtocreatestemcells.Usingthistechniquedoctorscanrepairapatient’sheartafteraheartattack.LuckfavorsthepreparedmindGurdontoldtheNobelPrizeOrganization.Ninetypercentofthetimethingsdon’tworkbutwhentheydoyouhavetocatchthechancE.1.Whowonthe2012NobelPrizeinMedicine?A.SirJohnGurdonB.ShinyaYamanakaC.SirJohnGurdonandShinyaYamanakaD.Gurdon’sscienceteacher2.Inwhatorderarethefollowingsmentionedinthepassage?A.createthesheepDollyB.takeacellfromanadultfrogC.useaperson’sskintocreatestemcellsD.moveafrog’sgeneticinformationintoaneggcellE.growintoacloneofafrogA.b-d-e-a-cB.b-a-c-d-eC.b-d-a-c-eD.b-e-d-a-c3.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordridiculousmeaninChinese?A.无知的B.荒废的C.荒谬的D.无畏的4.Accordingtothepassagewhichstatementistrue?A.AsaboyGurdonwastoldhewashopeful.B.Gurdonrankedfirstathishighschoolinbiology.C.It’simpossibleforthedoctorstorepairapatient’sheartafteraheartattack.D.Inspiteofhisteacher’scriticismsGurdonkeptworkingharD.5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Ninetypercentofthetimethingsdon’twork.B.LuckfavorsthepreparedminD.C.Lifeisfullofsurprises.D.Howtoknowcellsactuallywork.

WhilesweettreatscanbehardtoresisttheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOhassetnewguidelinesforpeoplearoundtheworlD.TheguidelinesreleasedonWednesdayadvisethatbothadultsandchildrencutbackontheirsugarintake摄取量tostayhealthy.InastatementFrancescoBrancadirectoroftheWHO’snutritiondepartmentsaidthereisevidencethatreducingdailysugarintakereducestheriskofbeingoverweightandtoothdecay腐烂.Theguidelinesdonotapplytothesugarsinfreshfruitandvegetablesorthosethatarenaturallypresentinmilk.AccordingtotheWHOthereisnoreportedevidenceofnegativeeffectsofconsumingthosesugars.Insteadthenewguidelinesfocusonaddedorfreesugars.Theseincludesugarsthatareaddedtoprocessedfoodsanddrinkssuchascandyandsoftdrinks.Addedsugarsaresometimesdescribedashiddensugarsbecausetheyexistinfoodswemightnotthinkofassweetssuchashoneyandketchup番茄酱.Healthexpertsadvisethatconsumerslookatingredientsonfoodpackagestohelpmakebetter-informeddecisions.TheWHOrecommendsthatpeopleintheUnitedStatesEuropeandotherWesternsocietiesshouldcuttheiraveragesugarintakebyabouttwo-thirdsordowntojust10%oftheiroverallcalories.FordevelopingcountrieswheredentalcareislessadvancedtheWHOrecommendsthatsugarintakebereducedto5%.ScientistKieranClarkeoftheUniversityofOxfordnotesthatforthosepeoplewhocan’tshaketheirloveforsweetsgettingmoreexerciseisagoodsolution.IfyougetenoughexerciseyoucaneatalmostanythingshesaidButit’sveryhardtoavoidlargeamountsofsugarunlessallyou’reeatingisfruitandvegetables.29.WhatcanwelearnfromtheguidelinesreleasedbytheWorldHealthOrganization?A.TheproductionofcandiesshouldbeforbiddenB.Thereisaconnectionbetweensugarintakeandbadteeth.C.Fruitandvegetablescontainalotofsugar.D.Peopleshouldcutdownonsugarintakeforthesakeoftheirhealth30.TowhatlevelshouldpeopleindevelopingcountriescutdowntheirsugarintakeaccordingtotheWHO?A.10%B.15%C.5%D.30%31.WecanlearnfromthetextthatA.addedsugarisn’tmarkedonfoodpackagesB.weshoulddrinkaslittlemilkaspossibleasitcontainssugar.C.softdrinksdon’tcontainaddedsugarD.thelessexerciseyoudothefewersweetthingsyoushouldeat

Someinventionsaresousefulbutseemsosimplethatwewonderwhynoonethoughtofthemlongago.Post-itNotesthepiecesofpaperthatyoucanfastenalmostanywhereandthenremovewithoutleavinganysignthattheywerethereareanexampleofsuchaninvention.Post-itNoteswereinventedabouttwentyyearsagobyArtFryascientistat3MCorporation.Theideafortheproductcamefromafrustratingexperienceheoftenhadwhilesinginginhischurchchoir.Fryusedpiecesofpaperasbookmarkstomarktheplacesinhisbookofsongsbutthesebookmarkswerealwaysfallingout.Heknewheneededabookmarkthatwouldstaywhereheputitbutthathecouldremovewithoutdamagingthepages.AroundthattimeFryheardaboutanewadhesive粘合剂thatacolleague同事Dr.SpenceSilverhadcreateD.Thisadhesivewasspecialbecauseitwasstickybutnottoosticky.ItwasstrongenoughtoholdpaperstogetherbutweakenoughtonottearthepaperwhenitwasremoveD.Frysawthatthenewadhesivecouldhelpsolvehisbookmarkproblem.OnemorningFryputsomeoftheadhesiveontheedgeofapieceofpaper.Justashehopeditmadeaperfectbookmark.AshorttimelaterFryrealizedthathisnewinventionhadevenmoreusesthanbeingagreatbookmark.HecametothisrealizationwhenhewroteanoteononeofhisnewbookmarksandattachedittoareporthewasgoingtogivetoacolleaguE.Soonco-workerswereaskingFryformoresamples样品ofhisinventionsothattheycouldusethenewtypeofnotesthemselves.Fryandsomeotherpeopleat3Mbelievedsomuchinthenewproductthattheypersuadedthecompanytogiveawaythousandsofthestickypiecesofpaperfortrialuse试用.Whensomesalespeopleat3Mwenttoofficesandshowedworkersjusthowhelpfulthenewtypeofnotescouldbetheyimmediatelyreceivedmanyorders.AsmoreandmorepeoplediscoveredhowusefulPost-itNotescouldbetheproducttookoff.13.TheinventionofPost-itNotesshowedthatArtFry________.A.hadalotofknowledgeB.wasveryhard-workingC.wasgoodatcreativethinkingD.lovedhisjobinthechurch14.InwhatwaydidDr.SpencehelpA.rtFry?A.TheyworkedtogetherandoftendiscussedsciencE.B.HisinventionofaspecialadhesivemadeArt'sinventionpossiblE.C.Hepersuaded3MCorporationtogiveawaylotsofPost-itNotesfortrialusE.D.HecooperatedwithArtbyprovidingthenewadhesiveforArt.15.WhichofthefollowingisapossibleuseofPost-itNotes?A.A.noteonafriend'sdoor.B.Ane-mailtoafrienD.C.A.postcardfromabroaD.D.Anadinanewspaper.

TheiPhonetheiPadandtheiPoD.EachofApple'sproductssoundscoolandhasbecomeafashion.Applehascleverlytakenadvantageofthepoweroftheletteriandmanyotherbrandsarefollowingsuit.TheBBC'siPlayerwhichallowsWebuserstowatchTVprogramsontheInternetadoptedthetitlein2008.A.lovelybearpopularintheUSandUKthatplaysmusicandvideoiscallediTeddy.A.slimmed-downversionofLondon'sIndependentnewspapercameoutlastweekunderthenamei.Ingeneralsingle-letterprefixeshavebeenpopularsincethe1990swhentermssuchase-mailande-commercefirstcameintousE.MostiproductsareaimedatyoungpeopleandconsideringthemajorreadersofIndependent’siitisnosurprisethatthey'vechosenthisfashionablenamE.Butit'shardtoseewhat'ssospecialabouttheletteri.Whynotuseaborcinstead?AccordingtoTonyThorneheadoftheLanguageCenteratKing'sCollegeLondoniworksbecauseitsmeaninghasbecomeambiguous.WhenAppleusesinooneknowswhetheritmeansInternetinformationindividualorinteractiveMr.ThornetoldBBCMagazinesEvenwhenApplecreatedtheiPaditseemsitdidn'thaveonecleardefinition.HoweverthankstoApplethetermisnowassociatedwithportability轻便addsThornE.ClearlytheletterialsoagreeswiththeideathattheWesternWorldiscenteredontheindividual.Eachpersonbelievestheyhavetheirownneedsandtheylovepersonalizedproductsforthisreason.AlongwithGoogleandTwitterreadersofBBCMagazinesvotediasoneofthetop20wordsthathavecometodefinethelastdecadE.Butashistoryshowsfashionscomeandgo.Fromthe1900sto1990sproductswith2000intheirnamesbecamefashionableastheyearwasassociatedwithallthingsadvancedandmodern.HoweverasweenteredthenewcenturythetrendinevitablydisappeareD.12.PeopleusetheiPlayerto_________.A.listentomusicB.makeacallC.readnewspapersD.watchTVprogramsonline13.FromthepassageweknowthattheIndependent’siisaimedat_________.A.oldreadersB.youngreadersC.fashionablewomenD.engineers14.Nowadaystheitermoftenremindspeopleoftheproductswhichare_________.A.portableB.advancedC.recyclableD.environmentallyfriendly15.Theauthorofthepassagewouldprobablyagreethat__________.A.iproductsareoftenofhighqualityB.alliproductshavesomethingtodowithInternetC.thepopularityofiproductsmaynotlastlongD.theiTeddyisalivebear

Somecountrieshavealargenumberofearthquakes.JapanisoneofthemwhileothersdonothavemanyforexampletherearefewearthquakesinBritain.ThereisoftenagreatnoiseduringanearthquakE.Thegroundvibrates颤动.Housesfalldown.Railwaysarebrokenwhichcausestrainstoturnover.Sometimesthousandsofpeoplearekilledindifferentways.About60000werekilledin1783inthesouthofItaly.Somepeoplesaythatearthquakesoftenhappennearvolcanoes火山butitisnottruE.ThecentersofsomeearthquakesareundertheseA.Thebottomoftheseasuddenlymoves.Thepowerfulforcesinsidetheearthbreaktherocks.Thecoastisshakenandgreatwavesappear.Thesewavestravellongdistancesandrushoverthelandwhentheyreachitbreakingdownhousesandotherbuildings.Sometimestheybreakmorebuildingsthantheearthquakeitself.AterribleearthquakehappenedinAssamIndiain1986.ThelandnearShillongsuddenlymoved1.5feettoonesideandthenbackagain.Itcontinuedtoactlikethis20timesaminutE.Fewbuildingscouldstandwhatwashappeningandthegreatstonesflewfourfeetupintotheair.Whatkindofbuildingstaysupbestinanearthquake?TheAmericanscarefullystudiedtheresultsoftheearthquakeatSanFrancisco1906andbelieveditbestforbuildingstobemadewithconcrete混凝土wallstogetherbysteelframes.Sucharethebuildingsthatcan'tburnorfalleasily.6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Trains'turningoveriscausedbytheearthquakes.B.SomeearthquakeshavetheircentersundertheseA.C.Itisn'tcertainthatearthquakeshappennearvolcanoes.D.Buildingswithconcretewallsarebetteragainstearthquakes.7.Earthquakesoftenhappen___________.A.nearvolcanoesB.BothA.andD.C.inBritainD.inJapan8.___________makesmorelossthantheearthquakeitself.A.NothingB.VolcanoesC.ForcesinsidetheearthD.Terriblewavesbytheearthquake9.Whenanearthquakehappens____________canbehearD.A.trainsB.thousandsofpeopleC.agreatnoiseD.thepowerfulforces

InNewYorkstudentsat18schoolsparticipateinaprogramcalledWeFutureCyclE.StartedbyAnnaGiordanoin2014itteacheskidstorecyclecompost制成堆肥andreducefoodwastE.Lunchareasattheparticipatingschoolsareequippedwiththreeclearlymarkedbins-compostrecycleandsharE.Whilethefirsttwoarecommoninschoolsthethirdisrarewherekidscanputtheirunwanteddrinksfruitsandevenuntouchedsandwiches.Itemsinthecontainerareavailableforanystudentthatwantsthem.Whateverremainsattheendofthedayisdonatedtothefoodbank.Giordanosaysthethreebinshavehelpedreducethenunoftrashbagsfromanaverageof22tojust2!Toensurekidsadoptsimilarhabitsathomethenon-profithascreatedextensivecurriculumtoeducatefamiliesabouttheimportanceofsortingwasteintotheproperstreamsofrecyclingcompostingtrashandfoodt0donate-Theyalsourgeparentshaveconvcrsationswiththeirkidsaboutfoodchoices.Butaswe'reallawarekidsaren'tonlyonesthatWastefood-adultsareepuallybadifnotworse!TopreventthatJoshTreuhaftfoundedSalvageSupperclubin2014.Theoccasionallyorganizeddinnerspromisepeopleatastymulti-courscmealforamere550USDperperson.Itisalsoaplantosavewastebecausethedeliciousfoodismadefromvegetablesthatarepasttheirprimeandthereforeheadedforthetrashbin.Theothercatch?Customershavetoeattheirmealsinsideadumpster大型垃圾装卸车!Theplaceofcourseistotallyclean.ItisiustasymbolicgesturE.InadditiontohelpingpeoplerethinktheiractionsTreuhaftalsohelpsthemtodogoodbydonatingpartoftheprofitstonon-profitsdevotedtofightingagainstfoodwastE.32.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?A.TheimportanceofsavingfooD.B.WaystoformthehabitofsavingfooD.C.PositivemovestoreducefoodwastE.D.ThereasonsforcallingonpeopletosharefooD.33.FromthesecondparagraphwecaninferthatA.studentsaremoregenerousB.theprogramenjoysasuccessinschoolsC.foodiswastedseriouslyinallschoolsD.studentsshownointerestintheprogram34.WhatdoweknowaboutWeFutureCycle?A.Ithasaverylonghistory.B.Itdonatesitsprofitstoschools.C.Iteducatesparentsaswellaschildren.D.Itoccasionallyprovidespeoplewithfreedinner.35.WhatisthesignificanceofeatinginadumpsteraccordingtoTreuhaft?A.Itisnicerandcleaner.B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C.Itcansavemuchmoneyandenergy.D.Itcanhelppeoplethinkaboutthefoodwasteproblem.

DietCokedietPepsidietpillsno-fatdietvegetabledietWearesurroundedbytheworddieteverywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotentialofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologically心理andphysically.Dietproductsgreatlyweakenuspsychologically.Ononelevelwearenotallowingourbraintoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallylosingtheweightbutincontrollingtheamountoffattyhigh-calorieunhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale秤insteaD.Allwehavetodoistorecognizetheworddietinfoodlabels.Onanotherleveldietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrinkwearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon’thavetoworktogetresults.DietproductsmakepeoplebelievethatgaincomeswithoutpainandthatlifecanbewithoutstrugglE.ThedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonusbutalsointhephysicalharmthattheycausE.Dietfoodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseeatingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients.Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocalorieonlybecausethedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.DietproductsmaynotbenutritionalandthechemicalsthatgointodietproductsarepossiblydangerousinthefuturE.Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonusitistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofmindsnotinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizethiswewillbemuchbetterabletoresistdietproductsandthereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.65.FromParagraph1welearnthat__________.A.dietproductsfailtobringoutpeople’spotentialB.peoplehavedifficultyinchoosingdietproductsC.dietproductsaremisleadingpeopleD.peoplearetiredofdietproducts66.Onepsychologicaleffectofdietproductsisthatpeopletendto_________.A.tryoutavarietyofdietfoodsB.thinktwicebeforetheyenjoydietfoodsC.payattentiontotheirowneatinghabitsD.watchtheirweightratherthantheirdiet67.Dietproductsindirectlyharmpeoplephysicallybecausesuchproducts______.A.areover-takenB.areshortofbasicnutrientsC.havenochemicalsD.providetoomuchenergy68.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?A.B.C.D.CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point次要点C:Conclusion结论

ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatcitieswithsomekindoffunctioningecosystemsmakeforbetterplacesforhumanstolivE.MoreplantsandanimalsincitiesmakeforhappierhealthierpeoplE.AstudyconductedongreenspacesinSheffieldEnglandforinstancerevealedthatthegreaterthebiodiversity生物多样性thegreaterthepsychologicalwell-being健康ofthecity’scitizens.InParisresearchersfoundthatgettingcitizenstotakepartinday-longactivitiesinvolvingurbanwildlifeopenedtheireyestothenaturalworldforatimeatleast.FewcitieshavebeenassociatedwithurbanecologyforaslongasBerlin.SloweconomicrecoveryaftertheSecondWorldWarmeantthatreconstructionwouldtakealongtimE.Thisprovidedlocalecologistswiththeidealconditionstodevelopanambitiousecologicalresearchprograminthebombed-outwastelandsofWestBerlinsaidJensLachmundasociologistattheUniversityofMaastrichtintheNetherlands.ThepioneeringworkinBerlinhadseveralconsequencesespeciallytheformationofsignificantnaturalspaceswithinthecitysuchastheS.üdgel?ndeNaturePark.BerlinhasindeedbenefittedalotfrombeingacasestudyinurbanecologysaidLachmunD.TherecentresearchconductedbyMarkGoddardabiologistattheUniversityofLeedsandhiscolleaguesconfirmedtheimportanceofnaturalspaceswithinanurbansetting.GoddardandhisteamconductedastrikingglobalanalysisofbirdandplantdiversityquantifyingtheinfluenceofurbanizationonlevelsofbiodiversityaroundtheworlD.Functioningurbanecosystemswillbeextremelyimportanttohumanhealthandwell-beingsaidGoddarD.Citiestakeupjust3%ofthelandsurfaceareayetaccordingtothemostrecentfigurefromtheUnitedNationssome3.6billionpeoplejustover50%oftheglobalpopulationnowliveinurbanareas.By2050thisfigureisexpectedtoriseto6.3billion.WithoutanimalsandplantstokeepuscompanyitisadarkfuturE.28.ThefindingsinParagraph2arementionedtoexplainthelinkbetween________.A.citizensandtheirwell-beingB.greenspacesandurbanwildlifeC.urbanecologyandcitizens’well-beingD.functioningecosystemsandthenaturalworld29.WhatwouldbeGoddard’sattitudetowardsBerlin’swork?A.Cautious.B.NegativE.C.Uncaring.D.Admiring.30.Theauthorusesfiguresinthelastparagraphtoshow________.A.thenegativeeffectofoverpopulationB.theimportanceofurbanecosystemsC.theseriousproblemsofcitylifeD.therapidgrowthofurbanareas31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Shouldmorepeopleliveinurbanareas?B.ShouldBerlinhavemorenaturalspaces?C.Shouldcitiesbeforanimalsandplantstoo?D.Shouldtheglobalpopulationbecontrollednow?