__规定，如果遇到不能进行选举的非常情况，由全国__以下列程序决定，推迟选举，延长全国人大的任期( )。

AtfirstglanceMicrosoft’snewsearchengineBingdoesn’tlookallthatdifferentfromGoogle.There’sasearchbaracrossthetop;alistofresultsdownthemiddleofthepageflankedaboveandtotherightbyads;andasmatteringofcategoriestotheleftthatwillrefinethelistings.41______. Microsoftdescribesthechangeasafocusonbeingadecisionenginevs.asearchengine.JonTintergeneralmanagerofstrategicpartnershipsinMicrosoft’sonlineaudiencebusinessgroupsaidtheideaistoshiftworkfromconsumerstosearchenginesbyansweringmorequeriesonthesearchresultspagewithouthavingtoclickthroughtoaresult. 42______.Wanttoknowifaflight’sontimeSearchtheairlineandflightnumberandit’llanswerthatqueryatopthesearchresultsratherthanpullupalistofsitesandlinksthatcantellyou.WanttoknowwheretheUPSpackageyousentisThesearchresultspullupafieldforyoutoenteratrackingnumberratherthanmakingyouclickthroughtoUPS.comtodothat. TaskanddecisionsessionsarethefocusofthenewenginesaidMr.Tinterasopposedtomoresimplenavigationalsearches. Thecompanyisfocusingonspecificimprovementsintheareasoftravelshoppingandproductslocalandhealth—allhighlycommercialareas.IthasfullyintegratedintothesearchengineFarecastarecentlyacquiredtravelsearchenginethatpredictsthelikelihoodofflightpricesgoingupordown.43______. TheideabehindthechangesistogetpeopletothinkdifferentlyaboutsearchMr.Tintersaid. Searchisahabit.Whenyoutalktopeopleyouhearalotofstatedsatisfactionbuttheydon’tbehavelikesatisfiedcustomers—andwethinkthat’swheretheopportunityishesaidcitingstatistics:44______. Butwhetherthechangeslookdifferentenoughtomakeconsumersswitchisn’tclear.Perhapsthat’swhyMicrosoftishelpingtheservicewhichwillbefulldeployedonJune3withan$80millionto$100millioncampaignfromJWT智威汤逊广告公司. 45______. FindingwordslikethatthesedaysisgettingharderandhardersaidPaolaNorambuenaseniordirector-headofverbalidentityatInterbrand.SheaddedthatlinguisticallyBinghadalotofapplications.It’sthesoundoffound. [A]BrandingshopInterbrandhelpedconceivethenameBingwhichwaschosenbecauseitwasmemorableeasytospellaroundtheworldandcouldbeusedasaverbasMicrosofthopestoconvertpeoplefromGoogleittoBingit. [B]Butforcertaintypesofqueriesthesitetrumpsitscompetitors—specificallymarketleaderGoogle. [C]MicrosoftsaysthatifitssearchenginebringsmorerelevantresultsthanGoogleorYahoo!thenpeoplewilleventuallymigratetothebestproduct.Thatmaynotbetrue.Googlehasbecomeahabitformorethantwo-thirdsOfthepeoplewhousesearchenginesintheU.S. [D]ForexamplesearchforweatherandBingwilluseyourIPaddresstofigureoutyourlocationanddisplayaforecastatthetopoftheresults. [E]Two-thirdsofpeoplesaythey’resatisfiedwithsearchbut15%ofthetimesearchqueriesgoabandonedwithoutanswer.Ican’tthinkofanotherindustrywhereyou’dhave15%abandonmentandtwo-thirdsofcustomerssayingthey’resatisfied. [F]Creatinganewsearchengineisatremendousriskatthisstagebecauseit’sremarkablyexpensivetobuildandmarketonethathasanychanceinthemassmarket. [G]AndithasmadeimprovementstoitsmapsfunctionsJettingusersomitthenavigationalminutiae细节oflocalstreetsthatoftenclutterotherservices’directions. 45

Societynotonlycontinuestoexistbytransmissionbycommunicationbutitmayfairlybesaidtoexistintransmissionincommunication.Thereismorethanaverbaltiebetweenthewordscommoncommunityandcommunication.46Menliveinacommunityinvirtueofthethingswhichtheyhaveincommon;andcommunicationisthewayinwhichtheycometopossessthingsincommon.47Whattheymusthaveincommoninordertoformacommunityorsocietyareaimsbeliefsaspirationsknowledge—acommonunderstanding—like-mindednessasthesociologistssay.Suchthingscannotbepassedphysicallyfromonetoanotherlikebricks;theycannotbesharedaspersonswouldshareapiebydividingitintophysicalpieces.48Thecommunicationwhichinsuresparticipationinacommonunderstandingisonewhichsecuressimilaremotionalandintellectualdispositions—likewaysofrespondingtoexpectationsandrequirements. Personsdonotbecomeasocietybylivinginphysicalproximityanymorethanamanceasestobesociallyinfluencedbybeingsomanyfeetormilesremovedfromothers.49Abookoralettermayinstituteamoreintimateassociationbetweenhumanbeingsseparatedthousandsofmilesfromeachotherthanexistsbetweendwellersunderthesameroof.Individualsdonotevencomposeasocialgroupbecausetheyallworkforacommonend.Thepartsofamachineworkwithamaximumofcooperativenessforacommonresultbuttheydonotformacommunity.Ifhowevertheywereallcognizantofthecommonendandallinterestedinitsothattheyregulatedtheirspecificactivityinviewofitthentheywouldformacommunity.Butthiswouldinvolvecommunication.Eachwouldhavetoknowwhattheotherwasaboutandwouldhavetohavesomewayofkeepingtheotherinformedastohisownpurposeandprogress.Consensusdemandscommunication. Wearethuscompelledtorecognizethatwithineventhemostsocialgrouptherearemanyrelationswhicharenotasyetsocial.Alargenumberofhumanrelationshipsinanysocialgrouparestilluponthemachine-likeplane.Individualsuseoneanothersoastogetdesiredresultswithoutreferencetotheemotionalandintellectualdispositionandconsentofthoseused.Suchusesexpressphysicalsuperiorityorsuperiorityofpositionskilltechnicalabilityandcommandoftoolsmechanicalorfiscal.50Sofarastherelationsofparentandchildteacherandpupilemployerandemployeegovernorandgovernedremainuponthisleveltheyformnotruesocialgroupnomatterhowcloselytheirrespectiveactivitiestouchoneanother.Givingandtakingofordersmodifiesactionandresultsbutdoesnotofitselfeffectasharingofpurposesacommunicationofinterests. 47

下列关于社会主义法与社会主义道德的关系说法错误的是

Dogsareconstantlylearningfromthereactionofhumanownerspickingupfacialcuesandanticipatingtheirowner’sbehavioranewresearchsuggests.ThefindingspublishedonlineinthejournalLearningandBehaviorshowthatdogsessentiallyarealwaysintrainingandhelpexplainhowmanyownersunknowinglyteachandrewardtheirdog’sbadbehavior.ResearchconductedattheUniversityofFloridafocusedontheroleofeyecontactandfacialcuesininfluencingcaninebehavior.Earlierstudieshavesuggestedthatdogsseemtoknowwhentheyarebeingwatchedandevenwaittoperformforbiddenbehaviorlikedigginginthegardenwhentheyknowtheirownersaren’tlooking.Inthisstudyresearchersstudiedhowhumancuestriggeredbeggingbehavioramong35petdogs18shelterdogsand8wolvesraisedincaptivity.Firsttheanimalsweretaughtthatthehumanstrangershelpingwiththeexperimentwerereliablesourcesoftastytreats.ThetestersstoodclosetogetherandcalledtotheanimalandbothofferedrewardsofSpamcubesorBeggin’Stripstreats.Afterfourrewardstheexperimentbegan.Twotestersstoodagainstafenceorwallabout20feetapartandwithfoodintheirpockets.Thedogwasheldabout20feetawayequidistantfrombothtesters.Inoneconditiononetesterfacedthedogwhiletheotherturnedherback.Inanotheratesterheldabooknearherfacewhiletheothertesterheldthebookinfrontofherfaceasifshewerereading.Inathirdconditiononetesterheldabucketneartheshoulderwhiletheotherputthebucketoverherheadblockinghereyes.Thenbothtesterscalledouttothedogs.Alltheanimals—petdogsshelterdogsandwolves—ignoredthepersonwhosebackwasturnedandsoughtfoodfromthepersonwhowaslookingatthem.Thequestionwasaredogsandwolvesresponsivetoahuman’sattentionalstatesaidMoniqueUdellanassistantprofessorofpsychologyatFlaglerCollegeFla.Butwhenthetestersheldbooksitwasonlythedomesticdogswhoavoidedthepersonwhoappearedtobereadingthebook.Inahousewherethey’reusedtopeoplereadingbookstheyaresensitivetothosetypesofcuessaidDr.Udell.Interestinglyinthebucketexperimenttheanimalsforthemostpartwereequallylikelytoseekfoodfromthepersonwiththebucketoverherheadasthepersonholdingthebucket.Theexperimentshowsthatdogsaretunedintowhetherhumansarepayingattention.Dogsdon’thavetoreadourminds.DogsreadourbehaviorsaidDr.Udell.Petownersoftengetfrustratedwithbaddogbehaviorwithoutrealizingthattheythemselveshavereinforcediteitherbygivingthedogatreatwhentheybegskippingabathwhentheyprotestorlettingthemsleeponthebedorcouch.Thebesttitleforthetextis

下列关于英国__和__的表述错误的是

根据我国选举法的规定人大代表的选举程序主要包括投票和确认选举结果

AmericaactedquicklyanddecisivelytotheGreatRecessionwhileEuropeansseemparalyzedbythedistantpast.TheswiftanddecisiveU.S.responsetothefinancialcrisisanddeeprecessionshouldbeamodelforotherlargedevelopedeconomies.YetEuropewhichisnowfacingsovereigndebtandbankingproblemsandaslowdowningrowthseemsreluctanttofollowAmerica’slead.TheUnitedStatesemergedfromits2008economiccataclysmwithrelativespeedbecausepolicymakerslearnedfromhistory.FederalReserveChairmanBenBernankehadfamouslyinternalizedthechargethatthecentralbankhadcontributedtotheGreatDepression.ThefrenziedresponseoftheBernankeFed—guaranteeingallsortsofassetsandmarketspurchasingmortgage-backedsecuritiesadoptingazero-interestratepolicyandexpandingitsbalanceshedto$2.3trillioncanbeseenassignsofovercompensation.AndfromJapan’sexperienceinthe1990stheFedlearnedtheneedforspeed.WhilesomecriticshavechargedtheU.S.fiscalstimuluswastoosmallthedatasuggestthatthestimuluspackagehasbeenasignificantcontributortojobretentionandgrowth.Increasedfederalspendingwasneededinparttocombatthedeclinesingovernmentspendingbystates.IntheUnitedStatesthefederalgovernmenthelpedpropupthestateswithinjectionsofcash.InEuropewhichlacksapowerfuloverarchingfederalgovernmentwiththeabilitytotaxandspendfiscalpolicyisallbittermedicineandnospoonfulsofsugar.FromtheUnitedKingdomtotheCzechRepublicandallpointsinbetweengovernmentsarecuttingspendingandraisingtaxes.Butthesecontractionarypolicieswillretardeconomicgrowthwhichwillinturnleadtomoreproblemsforthebanks.TheEuropeanCentralBankandEuropeangovernmentsareembracingfiscalausterityandcomparativemonetarytightnessintheseextraordinarytimesbecausetheyremainparalyzedbyaterriblefearofinflation.TheFederalReservehasthedualmandateofcontrollinginflationandpromotingemployment.TheECBbycontrastisconcernedprimarilywithinflation.NevermindthattheOECDdataoninflationshowsitisundercontrol.TheEuropeansremainfreakedoutbytheprospectofinflationatsomepointinthefuture.InitsoutlooktheOECDwrites.Oninflationtheissueisnotwhetheritisarisktoday—itisnotbutwhetheritwillbeariskintwoyears’time.IntheUnitedStatesthedesiretoavoidmistakesmadeinthedistantandrecentpasthasledtoperhapsexcessivelyvigorousfiscalandmonetarypolicies.ForEuropeansthedesiretoavoidmistakesmadeinthedistantpasthasledtoanexcessofcaution.WhentheylooktohistoryforguidanceEuropeanpolicymakersaren’tlookingatWashingtonin2009orJapaninthe1990sortheUnitedStatesinthe1930s.RathertheylooktoEuropeinthe1920saperiodwhenhyperinflationravagedeconomiesdisruptedthesocialorderdestroyedsocialdemocraciesandledtotheriseofNazism.Themainideaofthetextis

Dogsareconstantlylearningfromthereactionofhumanownerspickingupfacialcuesandanticipatingtheirowner’sbehavioranewresearchsuggests.ThefindingspublishedonlineinthejournalLearningandBehaviorshowthatdogsessentiallyarealwaysintrainingandhelpexplainhowmanyownersunknowinglyteachandrewardtheirdog’sbadbehavior.ResearchconductedattheUniversityofFloridafocusedontheroleofeyecontactandfacialcuesininfluencingcaninebehavior.Earlierstudieshavesuggestedthatdogsseemtoknowwhentheyarebeingwatchedandevenwaittoperformforbiddenbehaviorlikedigginginthegardenwhentheyknowtheirownersaren’tlooking.Inthisstudyresearchersstudiedhowhumancuestriggeredbeggingbehavioramong35petdogs18shelterdogsand8wolvesraisedincaptivity.Firsttheanimalsweretaughtthatthehumanstrangershelpingwiththeexperimentwerereliablesourcesoftastytreats.ThetestersstoodclosetogetherandcalledtotheanimalandbothofferedrewardsofSpamcubesorBeggin’Stripstreats.Afterfourrewardstheexperimentbegan.Twotestersstoodagainstafenceorwallabout20feetapartandwithfoodintheirpockets.Thedogwasheldabout20feetawayequidistantfrombothtesters.Inoneconditiononetesterfacedthedogwhiletheotherturnedherback.Inanotheratesterheldabooknearherfacewhiletheothertesterheldthebookinfrontofherfaceasifshewerereading.Inathirdconditiononetesterheldabucketneartheshoulderwhiletheotherputthebucketoverherheadblockinghereyes.Thenbothtesterscalledouttothedogs.Alltheanimals—petdogsshelterdogsandwolves—ignoredthepersonwhosebackwasturnedandsoughtfoodfromthepersonwhowaslookingatthem.Thequestionwasaredogsandwolvesresponsivetoahuman’sattentionalstatesaidMoniqueUdellanassistantprofessorofpsychologyatFlaglerCollegeFla.Butwhenthetestersheldbooksitwasonlythedomesticdogswhoavoidedthepersonwhoappearedtobereadingthebook.Inahousewherethey’reusedtopeoplereadingbookstheyaresensitivetothosetypesofcuessaidDr.Udell.Interestinglyinthebucketexperimenttheanimalsforthemostpartwereequallylikelytoseekfoodfromthepersonwiththebucketoverherheadasthepersonholdingthebucket.Theexperimentshowsthatdogsaretunedintowhetherhumansarepayingattention.Dogsdon’thavetoreadourminds.DogsreadourbehaviorsaidDr.Udell.Petownersoftengetfrustratedwithbaddogbehaviorwithoutrealizingthattheythemselveshavereinforcediteitherbygivingthedogatreatwhentheybegskippingabathwhentheyprotestorlettingthemsleeponthebedorcouch.Thepossiblereasonwhymostanimalsturnedtothepersonwiththebucketisthat

46Globalizationmightbewelcomedonmanygrounds—theeconomicpoliticalcommunicationalandevenlinguisticonescomereadilytomindbutitalsohassomeunfortunatesideeffectsthatmightprovedeadlytotheveryfutureofmankind.Thisisnomeresurmiseofcongenitalmisanthropesbuttheexpressedfearofsomewhoareotherwisewelldisposedtoit.ThusThomasFriedmaninanotherwiseoptimisticallymindedbookneverthelesswritesasfollows: 47ThemoreIobservedthesystemofglobalizationatworkthemoreobviousitwasthatithadunleashedforest-crushingforcesofdevelopmentwhichifleftuncheckedhadthepotentialtodestroytheenvironmentanduprootculture... 48Andbecauseglobalizationasaculturallyhomogenizingandenvironment-devouringforceiscomingonsofastthereisrealdangerthatinjustafewdecadesitwillwipeouttheecologicalandculturaldiversitythattookmillionsofyearsofhumanandbiologicalforcestoproduce. Somethingisasominousasallthatisarealthreatindeed.49AndyetdespitesuchapprehensionsFriedmanandotherswhothinklikehimbelievethateffectsofthismagnitudecansomehowbesidesteppedwithoutinterferingwiththetechnicizingsweepofglobalization.Isthatmerelywishfulthinkingoraninabilitytotakeinthefullimportofhisownwords AsFriedmanpointsouttheglobalizationthreatisatoncetonatureandtoculture:totheenvironmentandthewholeecologicalvarietyofplantsandanimalsaswellastothequalityofhumanlifeandtheculturaldiversityonwhichitdepends.Damagetonatureeventuallytranslatesitselfasdamagetocultureandviceversa.Thefateofmanyancientcivilizationsthatcollapsedbecausetheyoutgrewtheirnaturalresourcesishistoricalproofofthatfact.Ourmoderncivilizationissubjecttothesameself-limitingconditions.50ThusifallagricultureisreducedtoanagribusinessindustrythenthediversifiedcountrysidelandscapethathumanshavecreatedsincetheNeolithicrevolutionwillbecomeamonoculturalecologicaldesertforwithitwilldisappearahostofanimalandplantspeciesaswellasawholeruralwayoflifewithitsmyriadvarietiesoffolkculturesthathavebeencarriedonformillennia.Thelossofnaturalspeciesthroughthedestructionoftheirnaturalhabitatisparalleledstepbystepbythelossofculturalspeciesthroughtheeliminationoftheirsocialhabitatwhichisrootedinanaturalenvironment.Theclearingofjunglesdoesnotmerelyexterminatetheanimalslivingtherebutalsothenativepeoplewhosehomeshavebeenthereforcountlessgenerations. AndyetdespitesuchapprehensionsFriedmanandotherswhothinklikehimbelievethateffectsofthismagnitudecansomehowbesidesteppedwithoutinterferingwiththetechnicizingsweepofglobalization.

Inoursocietywemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-person1bythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbusesstandinfootballmatch2wearelikelytohaveconversations3wegiveinformationoropinionsandsometimeshaveourviews4byothermembersofsociety. Face-to-facecontactis5theonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearsthe6ofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings7othershavecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstlyinventivenesshas8advancesinprintingphotographyandsoon.Secondlyspeedhasrevolutionizedthe9andreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoften10abackseattonationalnews. Nolongeristhepossessionofinformation11toaprivilegedminority.Fortyyearsagopeopleusedto12tothecinemabutnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogramthat13intomillionsofhouses.Communicationisnolongermerelyconcerned14thetransmissionofinformation.Themoderncommunicationsindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowing15toinformationeducationandentertainment.Theprintingbroadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareall16withinformingeducatingandentertaining.17agreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesociety18whichheisapartthevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsis19toabuse.Howeverthemassmediaarewithusforbetterforworseandthereisnoturning20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.17

46Globalizationmightbewelcomedonmanygrounds—theeconomicpoliticalcommunicationalandevenlinguisticonescomereadilytomindbutitalsohassomeunfortunatesideeffectsthatmightprovedeadlytotheveryfutureofmankind.Thisisnomeresurmiseofcongenitalmisanthropesbuttheexpressedfearofsomewhoareotherwisewelldisposedtoit.ThusThomasFriedmaninanotherwiseoptimisticallymindedbookneverthelesswritesasfollows: 47ThemoreIobservedthesystemofglobalizationatworkthemoreobviousitwasthatithadunleashedforest-crushingforcesofdevelopmentwhichifleftuncheckedhadthepotentialtodestroytheenvironmentanduprootculture... 48Andbecauseglobalizationasaculturallyhomogenizingandenvironment-devouringforceiscomingonsofastthereisrealdangerthatinjustafewdecadesitwillwipeouttheecologicalandculturaldiversitythattookmillionsofyearsofhumanandbiologicalforcestoproduce. Somethingisasominousasallthatisarealthreatindeed.49AndyetdespitesuchapprehensionsFriedmanandotherswhothinklikehimbelievethateffectsofthismagnitudecansomehowbesidesteppedwithoutinterferingwiththetechnicizingsweepofglobalization.Isthatmerelywishfulthinkingoraninabilitytotakeinthefullimportofhisownwords AsFriedmanpointsouttheglobalizationthreatisatoncetonatureandtoculture:totheenvironmentandthewholeecologicalvarietyofplantsandanimalsaswellastothequalityofhumanlifeandtheculturaldiversityonwhichitdepends.Damagetonatureeventuallytranslatesitselfasdamagetocultureandviceversa.Thefateofmanyancientcivilizationsthatcollapsedbecausetheyoutgrewtheirnaturalresourcesishistoricalproofofthatfact.Ourmoderncivilizationissubjecttothesameself-limitingconditions.50ThusifallagricultureisreducedtoanagribusinessindustrythenthediversifiedcountrysidelandscapethathumanshavecreatedsincetheNeolithicrevolutionwillbecomeamonoculturalecologicaldesertforwithitwilldisappearahostofanimalandplantspeciesaswellasawholeruralwayoflifewithitsmyriadvarietiesoffolkculturesthathavebeencarriedonformillennia.Thelossofnaturalspeciesthroughthedestructionoftheirnaturalhabitatisparalleledstepbystepbythelossofculturalspeciesthroughtheeliminationoftheirsocialhabitatwhichisrootedinanaturalenvironment.Theclearingofjunglesdoesnotmerelyexterminatetheanimalslivingtherebutalsothenativepeoplewhosehomeshavebeenthereforcountlessgenerations. ThemoreIobservedthesystemofglobalizationatworkthemoreobviousitwasthatithadunleashedforest-crushingforcesofdevelopmentwhichifleftuncheckedhadthepotentialtodestroytheenvironmentanduprootculture...

下列选项中表述正确的是

Noonedoubtsthepowerofthemediaandnoonedoubtsthemediaisusefultothoseinpower.Newspapershavevast1comparedwithanyotherpublishedprinttheyarepublishedfrequentlyandare2throughwidedistributionnetworks.Formostpeoplethey3themostsubstantialconsumptionofprinteddiscourse语段.4thepowerfulinsocietyshouldattempttocontrolandinfluencethemis5question. 6thereisalsoaconflictingmythofthefreedomofthepressthatjournalistsarefreetogiveanobjective7ofanythingtheythinknewsworthy.Andthat8journalistsonaparticularnewspapermaybeconstrained限制aboutwhattheycanreportthereaderhasachoicebecauseofthevarietyofnewspaperson9Newspapersinthisregardhavebeen10asthethirdestateanessentialingredientofdemocracy;theinformationtheygiveis11tobesufficientlyimportantandtrustworthytoallowvoterstomakejudgmentsabouttherecordofthepoliticalparties12electionsandtomakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhichpartyto13. LordNorthcliffethenewspaperowneroncesaidthatrealnewsissomething14somewherewantstohideandthatalltherestisadvertising.Heobviouslysawthe15ofthepressasawatchdogforanyinefficiencyirrationalityinjusticecorruptionofscandalous丑恶可耻的behaviorforwhichthoseinpowermayhavebeen16Howeverthepressasweknowithasbeenhi-jackedbythosewithpoliticalandeconomicpower.Firsttheyhavedonethisthroughownership.Secondtheyhavedonesobythedependenceofnewspapersonadvertising.Thirdtheyhave17theambiguitiesinwhatisnewsworthytotheirown18Andlastlytheydominatethewaytheworldisrepresentedinthenewssincetheyaregatekeeperscontrollingthe19ofthenewsandarebeing20quotedinit. 13

关于全国人民代表大会专门委员会下列说法不正确的是

HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher Probablynotwopeoplewould1exactlysimilarlistsbutIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerally2. Firsttheteacher’spersonalityshouldbepleasantly3andattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysically4orevenuglybecausemanysuchhavegreatpersonal5Butit6ruleoutsuchtypesasthe7melancholyfrigidsarcasticfrustratedandoverbearing:Iwouldsaytoothatit8allofdullorpurelynegativepersonality. Secondlyitisnotmerelydesirable9essentialforateachertohaveagenuine10forsympathy—acapacitytotune11tothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeopleespeciallytothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.12relatedwiththisisthecapacitytobe13—notindeedofwhatiswrongbutofthefrailty意志薄弱andimmaturityofhumannaturewhich14peopleandagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes. ThirdlyI15itessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingasaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthand16andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbe17Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbea18ofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteachingwhichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeableto19anact—toenlivenalessoncorrectafaultor20praise.Childrenespeciallyyoungchildrenliveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15

小周是一个饲料厂的销售员与各方面有广泛的接触他认为法律没有人重要有人有朋友就有法律他的这种认识属于

法的局限性主要表现在

Directions: ReadthefollowingChinesetextandwriteanabstractofitin80～100Englishwords. 博物馆免费开放亟待公众热情参与 全国各地免费开放的博物馆遗址公园等文化遗产已成为众多中小学生的文化盛宴这一公共政策的实施无疑使这些青少年成为文化场所免费开放的真正受益者 2008年3月__国务院高屋建瓴审时度势推出了博物馆免费开放的决策尽管在全球经济危机的背景下面临一些考验但是政府买单让百姓共享文化成果的做法得到了公众的拥护对于核心价值体系的构建起到积极的推动作用 今年国际博物馆协会将国际博物馆日的主题定为博物馆与旅游旨在探讨全球博物馆等文化遗产资源如何在刺激消费促进旅游拉动经济中发挥作用事实上我国博物馆免费开放时代的来临不仅保障了公众的文化权益而且还推动了经济的增长例如近年来杭州西湖的博物馆遗址公共没施等遗产群的免费开放不仅增加了人流而且还带动了旅游等相关收入的增长博物馆免费开放是还利于民的好政策是我国文化场所免费开放政策的纵深和延续当然博物馆免费开放是一新鲜事物目前还有待于进一步完善免费开放实践与理想的政策目标之间也还存在一段距离 可以这么说没有参与公众就不会持续地关注博物馆的藏品没有互动公众不会持续地参与到博物馆建设中来没有公众的关注和参与博物馆也将失去其作为城市文明殿堂的意义 免费开放是以公众参与作为公共政策选择的出发点目的就是调动公众参与的积极性从而提高博物馆等公共文化资源的使用率如果说博物馆是城市的客厅是一种理想那么免费开放址这个理想成为现实当公众能够自由进出博物馆把博物馆当作自己的博物馆当作生活中不可缺少的部分当作向外地客人展示城市魅力的地方我们的博物馆就将成为所有市民引以为自豪的城市客厅因此博物馆管理者应该积极地创造让城市主人充分使用客厅的条件及时地更新客厅的装饰和内容．提供更为优质的服务 失去门票利益驱动的博物馆是否愿意经常地装扮客厅这是值得思考的问题一些博物馆的管理者认为免费开放并没有带来参观人数的明显增加因此在拉动旅游发展中起到的作用微乎其微问题恰恰是作为文化资源的管理者博物馆没有很好地为公众服务没有从公众的角度出发自然遭到公众的冷落 一些博物馆管理者总是强调免费开放带来的利益受损而没有看到免费开放带来的发展机遇当越来越多的企业选择在人民大会堂以及地方政府会议中心等重要场所屣示企业形象的时候博物馆是否可以从中得到启发 博物馆作为城市的精神家园给予公众的不仅是精神上的愉悦和满足更多的是一种心灵上的归属感过去博物馆展览没有很好地考虑到公众的心理和审美诉求如今公众的参与和对展览经费使用情况的监督将促使博物馆管理层认真全面地考虑公众在审美知识历史文化方面的诉求否则将承受公众和新闻媒体的舆论压力过去博物馆把公众当作知识教育的对象没有作为平等的主体进行交流如今一些博物馆经常举办一些专题性的文化论坛和讲座旨在提高公众解读博物馆藏品资源的能力以及对话能力类似博物馆QQ群网上论坛的建设可以在志愿者和义工的参与下与公众形成良好的互动从而让公众在展览内容和形式这块地盘上做主 作为公共文化事业．博物馆的管理和经营需要公众的参与每一个公众的劳动应该受到尊重让公众在博物馆这一舞台上展示自我让公众参与到城市发展和文化建设中来或许可以成为免费开放后博物馆绝处逢生甚至发展壮大的良方 我们强调博物馆是城市的名片不只是说博物馆建筑是城市的标志而是说把博物馆当作展示城市文化的窗口那么如何发掘城市历史文化资源从而吸引更多的外地游客成为地方政府决策者思考的问题近年来各地政府在发展旅游过程中逐步重视发展和扶持文化创意产业也开始强调对城市文化遗产资源的开发和利用占有一个城市主要文化遗产资源的博物馆自然也应该在文化创意产业和旅游产业的发展中起到主导的作用 一直以来博物馆很重视纪念品的开发和利用并把那些吸收地域特色文化凶素的纪念品作为宣传博物馆宣传一个城市的流动名片把博物馆带回家是博物馆纪念品开发的理念也是博物馆经营和管理的口号除了纪念品外博物馆还可以独立和采取合作的方式组建歌舞团等文艺演出团体并结合馆藏文物历史文化审美的内涵创作相应的音乐编排相应的舞蹈也可以像良渚博物院一样拍摄以文物考古为题材的影视作品．更可以结合建筑群的特点内部构造开发一些寓教于乐类似帝国时代的网络游戏和动漫作品博物馆要善于依托其馆藏文化资源进行文化创意产品的开发和营销这样才能使外地游客在参观博物馆的过程中有所收获 总之把博物馆比喻为城市的客厅城市的家园和城市的名片是免费开放时代博物馆功能的一种阐释能否真正发挥作用关键在于公众的参与在于建立和完善博物馆公众参与的机制并在制度上给予充分的保障

建隆年间宋太祖在刑罚制度方面的新规定是

Surveillancesystemsandantiviraltreatmentswillhelpcontainadiseasebuttheycannothaltitthewayavaccinecould.Suchatreatmentwouldhavetocomefromthemakersofvaccinesforthemoreordinaryseasonalstrainsofflu.Yetdespitealltheadvancesinbiologicalsciencethisindustrystillreliesoncapital-intensiveinflexibleandold-fashionedtechnologiessuchasproducingvaccinesfrommillionsofchickeneggs. 41______Thereareusuallyseveraldifferentstrainsofinfluenzaactiveatanytimearidthesevariationsevolve.AlanBarrettoftheUniversityofTexassaystravelbycarriersofinfluenzabetheypeopleinaeroplanesorbirdsonthewingmeansregionalmutationsquicklyspreadaroundtheworld.Henceevenwhenflusubsidesattheendofthenorthernhemisphere’swinterthediseasemerelyshiftstothesouthernhemispherewhichisnowenteringitswinter.Sixmonthslateritmovesback.Whenthemutationsaregradualaswithseasonalfluitisknownasdrift;whentheyareabruptaswiththenewstrainofHIN1youhaveashiftonyourhands. 42______Thefirmsthenpreparetheirgeneticcocktailsanddeveloptheminsidelivechickeneggsinsterileconditions.Theresultingvaccineprovokesthepatient’simmunesystemintoproducingantibodiesandthatprimesitforanattackbytheworryingstrainsofflu. IfaglobalpandemicisdeclaredandmanufacturersareaskedtoproduceavaccineforH1N1theyareunlikelytobeabletorespondquicklyenough.Firmscanproduceperhapsabilliondosesofseasonalvaccineeveryyear.Thedetailsofdosingforapandemicvaccinearenotyetknownbutitisclearthatevenifallthecapacitywasswitchedtopandemicflutherewouldstillbeahugeglobalshortfall.43______. Switchingproductionalsoposesrisks.Alackofvaccinesforseasonalfluguaranteesthatmanyunprotectedpeoplewilldieoftheotherwisemundaneversionofinfluenza.44______. Themainproblemisthategg-basedmanufacturingcannotmountarapidresponse.ItcouldtakeonlyafewmoreweeksfortheWHOandCDCtodevelopaseedstrainofthepandemicvirusbutexpertssayproducerswouldthenneedfourtosixmonthsbeforetheycouldcreatelargevolumesofvaccine. 45______ Anumberofcompanieshavebeenhopingtogetsuchtechnologiestothemarketby2011or2012andsomemightbeabletohelpwithanyshortfallshouldtherebeapandemiclaterthisyear.TheWHOcalledsuchnovelapproachesariskyleapoffaith.Butifacrisisdoesengulftheworldthatmaybealeapsomearewillingtomake. [A]NoristhereanyguaranteethathavingswitchedproductionasecondwaveofanH1N1strainwillindeedbedeadly.Soproducingpandemicvaccinesasaprecautionmayturnouttobeawasteofresourceswithdeadlyresults.Oritmaysavemillionsoflives.Nooneknows. [B]TohelpthevaccinemanufacturersplantheWHOissuesguidelineseverysixmonthslistingthethreestrainsofseasonalfluthatappeartoposethebiggestthreatduringtherelevanthemisphere’sapproachingwinter. [C]Theproductionoffluvaccinehasdevelopedtocopewithseasonalflu.Thediseasemayseemnomorethananuisancetomanybuttheflustillkillsperhaps500000peopleayeararoundtheworld.Itishardtodevelopaperfectvaccineagainstseasonalinfluenzabecauseitissofleet-footed. [D]OfficialsshutdownmostoftheeconomytohaltthespreadofapreviouslyunknownstrainofthemongrelH1N1viruswhichiscomprisedofavianswineandhumaninfluenzaviruses.Thehopeisthattheoutbreakhasnowpeaked. [E]CouldmoreinnovativemanufacturingtechniqueshelpOnepromisingapproachinvolvesgrowingvaccinesnotineggsbutincellcultureswhichisspeedyandeasilyscaledup.Anotheristoaddadjuvantswhicharecatalyststhatimprovetheefficacyofavaccineandreducetheamountofactiveingredientrequired. [F]AnthonyFauciheadofAmerica’sNationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseasessaystheAmericangovernmenthasbeenfundingmanysuchfirmsinpreparationforbioterrorismandpandemics.Buthepointsoutthatnoneofthefirmshassofargotapandemicfluvaccinepastsafetytrials. [G]KeijiFukudaoftheWHOsummeditupthisway:There’smuchgreatervaccinecapacitythantherewasafewyearsagobutthereisnotenoughvaccinecapacitytoinstantlymakevaccinesfortheentireworld’spopulationforinfluenza. 41

Inhomesandworkplacesaroundtheworldit’shardtofindsomeonewhoisnotcelebratingtheimminentarrivaloffootball’sWorldCupexceptformanygreenactivistswhoareconcernedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofthegatheringoffootball’sglobaltribe. 41______.EvenallowingforthefactthestudyincludedtheimpactoftransporttoandfromtheWorldCupwhichGermanydidn’titstillrepresentsaheftycarbonfootprint. InresponsetheSouthAfricanauthoritieshaveinitiatedsubstantialoffsettingprogramsincludingurbantree-plantingbutforlocalenvironmentalactiviststhat’snotenough. Oncecarbonisproducedclaimingthatoffsettingis’neutralizing’thecarbonfootprintisnothingmorethan’greenwash’BobbyPeekFriendsoftheEarthSouthAfricatoldCNN.SadlyFriendsoftheEarthSouthAfricabelievesnothingcanbedonetolessenthecarbonfootprintdespitethereassurancesmadebythevariouscities. 42______. InDurbantheconstructionofanentirelynewstadiumwasnotnecessaryconsideringthatthereweretwostadiumsalongsideeachotherwhichcouldhavebeenredevelopedratherthanonecompletelydemolishedtomakewayforanewconstructionhesaid.Thusthe’savingsmade’werenegatedbytheneedforvirgincement.ThecementindustryisoneofthemainproducersofCO2.Foreverytonofcementthereisonetonofcarbonproduced. 43______. IthinkSouthAfricahasmissedatrickinnotseekingofitsownvolitiontohostthefirst’carbonneutral’mega-eventAntonCartwrightco-founderofPromotingAccesstoCarbonEquitytoldCNN. Itwouldhavecostthemabout$25millionhadtheymobilizedanationaleffortbutthisdidnothappen.HadSouthAfricaspentthismoneytheywouldhavesecuredtheevent’slegacyandkick-startedSouthAfrica’srenewableenergyandenergyefficientsectorandIamnotsurethereisenoughpublicawarenessorpoliticalleadershiponthisissueinSouthAfricatoappreciatequitewhatanopportunityhasbeenpassedup. 44______. ForthedepartmentandSouthAfricathisisamilestonealongthecountry’ssustainabledevelopmentgrowthpathAlbiModiseSouthAfricanDepartmentofEnvironmentalAffairstoldCNN. Hesaysthatwhileresourceshavebeentighttherehavebeen200000treesplantedinJohannesburgaspartofacarbon-offsettingprogram25000inRustenberg86000inDurbanandatargetof400000inTshwane/Pretoria. TherehavealsobeencarbonreductionprojectsfocusingonenergyefficiencyinstreetlightinginDurbanCapeTownJohannesburgTshwaneRustenburgPolokwaneandPortElizabeth. SomeactivistsconcedetheremaybesomeindirectenvironmentalbenefitsfromtheWorldCup.45______.IntheCityofCapeTowntransportaccountsforalmost50percentofgreenhousegasemissionsandeffortstoreducethisareimportant.Theotherimportantlegacyispublicawareness—awarenessisaprerequisiteforthesolutionsthatwesobadlyneedandwhathasbeenmostlacking.saidCartwright. [A]Peekalsoclaimsthattherehavebeenunnecessaryconstructionprojectsusingthousandsoftonsofconcrete—oneofthemostcarbon-intensiveindustries. [B]OthersbelievetheWorldCupisalostopportunityforSouthAfricatobeaworldleaderinmakingsportgreener. [C]Oneofthemostpositivelegacieswillprobablycomeaboutinadvertentlyintheformofimprovedpublictransportandthebus-rapid-transportsystemspecifically. [D]MoneyhasbeenpassedfromFIFAtonationalgovernmenttohostcitiesandatthelocallevelnotenoughisbeingdoneinspiteofafewbravebutsmallexceptions.Hostcityeffortshavebeenvariablewithageneralover-relianceontreeplanting. [E]HowevertheSouthAfricanauthoritiesremainadamanttheyhavedonealltheycanwiththeresourcesavailablealthoughthereisalwaysroomforimprovementandlearningfrompastmistakes. [F]AstudyconductedbytheNorwegiangovernmentonbehalfoftheSouthAfricanauthoritiesestimatesthe2010competitionwillhaveacarbonfootprint6timesthesizeofthelastWorldCupinGermany. [G]CartwrightadmitsthatsomehostcitiesmostnotablyDurbanandCapeTownhavetriedtoinitiateprojectsbutsaysingeneralithasbeenlefttoolate. 41

HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher Probablynotwopeoplewould1exactlysimilarlistsbutIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerally2. Firsttheteacher’spersonalityshouldbepleasantly3andattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysically4orevenuglybecausemanysuchhavegreatpersonal5Butit6ruleoutsuchtypesasthe7melancholyfrigidsarcasticfrustratedandoverbearing:Iwouldsaytoothatit8allofdullorpurelynegativepersonality. Secondlyitisnotmerelydesirable9essentialforateachertohaveagenuine10forsympathy—acapacitytotune11tothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeopleespeciallytothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.12relatedwiththisisthecapacitytobe13—notindeedofwhatiswrongbutofthefrailty意志薄弱andimmaturityofhumannaturewhich14peopleandagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes. ThirdlyI15itessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingasaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthand16andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbe17Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbea18ofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteachingwhichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeableto19anact—toenlivenalessoncorrectafaultor20praise.Childrenespeciallyyoungchildrenliveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.11

唐律疏议·断狱律诸疑罪各依所犯以赎论即疑狱法官执见不同得为异议议不得过三罪有疑难谳从赎疑谓虚实之证等是非之理均或事涉疑似旁无证见或旁有闻证是非似疑之类请运用中国法制史的知识和理论分析上述文字并回答下列问题唐朝贯彻该原则的意义是什么

Fromthe18ththroughthemid-19thcenturywhaleoilprovidedlighttomuchoftheWesternworld.Atitspeakwhalingemployed70000peopleandwastheUnitedStates’fifth-largestindustry.TheU.S.stoodastheworld’sforemostwhaleslayer.Producingmillionsofgallonsofoileachyeartheindustrywaswidelyseenasunassailablewithadvocatesscoffingatwould-beilluminationsubstituteslike.lardoilandcamphene.Withoutwhaleoilsothethinkingwenttheworldwouldslidebackwardtowarddarkness.Bytoday’sstandardofcourseslaughteringwhalesisconsideredbarbaric.Twohundredyearsagotherewasnoenvironmentalmovementtospeakof.ButonewondersifthewhalersfindingthateachyeartheyneededtogofartherafieldfromNantucketIslandtokillmassiveseamammalseveraskedthemselves:whatwillhappenwhenwerunoutofwhalesSuchquestionstodayconstitutethecornerstoneoftheever-louderlogicofsustainability.Climatealarmistsandcampaigningenvironmentalistsarguethattheindustrializedcountriesoftheworldhavemadesizablewithdrawalsonnature’sfixedallowanceandunlesswechangeourwaysandsoonwearedoomedtoanabruptend.TaketherecentproclamationfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramwhicharguedthatgovernmentsshoulddramaticallycutbackontheuseofresources.Themantrahasbecomecommonplace:ourcurrentwayoflivingisselfishandunsustainable.Wearewreckingtheworld.Wearecuttingdowntherainforest.Wearepollutingthewater.Wearepollutingtheair.Wearekillingplantsandanimalsdestroyingtheozonelayerburningtheworldthroughouraddictiontofossilfuelsandleavingadevastatedplanetforfuturegenerations.Inotherwordshumanityisdoomed.Itisacompellingstorynodoubt.Itisalsofundamentallywrongandtheconsequencesaresevere.Tragicallyexaggeratedenvironmentalworries—andthewillingnessofsomanytobelievethem—couldultimatelypreventusfromfindingsmarterwaystoactuallyhelpourplanetandensurethehealthoftheenvironmentforfuturegenerations.Becauseourfearsnotwithstandingweactuallygetsmarter.AlthoughWesternerswereoncereliantonwhaleoilforlightingweneveractuallyranoutofwhales.WhyHighdemandandrisingpricesforwhaleoilspurredasearchforandinvestmentinthe19th-centuryversionofalternativeenergy.Firstkerosenefrompetroleumreplacedwhaleoil.Wedidn’trunoutofkeroseneeither:electricitysupplanteditbecauseitwasasuperiorwaytolightourplanet.Forgenerationswehaveconsistentlyunderestimatedourcapacityforinnovation.TherewasatimewhenweworriedthatallofLondonwouldbecoveredwithhorsemanurebecauseoftheincreasinguseofhorse-drawncarriages.ThankstotheinventionofthecarLondonhas7millioninhabitantstoday.Dungdisasteraverted.Infactwould-becatastropheshaveregularlybeenpushedasidethroughouthumanhistoryandsooftenbecauseofinnovationandtechnologicaldevelopment.Weneverjustcontinuetodothesameoldthing.Weinnovateandavoidtheanticipatedproblems.Bymentioningthewhaleoiltheauthormeanstomakethepointthat

由于国家机关和工作人员侵犯公民权利而受到损失的人有依照法律规定

Noonedoubtsthepowerofthemediaandnoonedoubtsthemediaisusefultothoseinpower.Newspapershavevast1comparedwithanyotherpublishedprinttheyarepublishedfrequentlyandare2throughwidedistributionnetworks.Formostpeoplethey3themostsubstantialconsumptionofprinteddiscourse语段.4thepowerfulinsocietyshouldattempttocontrolandinfluencethemis5question. 6thereisalsoaconflictingmythofthefreedomofthepressthatjournalistsarefreetogiveanobjective7ofanythingtheythinknewsworthy.Andthat8journalistsonaparticularnewspapermaybeconstrained限制aboutwhattheycanreportthereaderhasachoicebecauseofthevarietyofnewspaperson9Newspapersinthisregardhavebeen10asthethirdestateanessentialingredientofdemocracy;theinformationtheygiveis11tobesufficientlyimportantandtrustworthytoallowvoterstomakejudgmentsabouttherecordofthepoliticalparties12electionsandtomakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhichpartyto13. LordNorthcliffethenewspaperowneroncesaidthatrealnewsissomething14somewherewantstohideandthatalltherestisadvertising.Heobviouslysawthe15ofthepressasawatchdogforanyinefficiencyirrationalityinjusticecorruptionofscandalous丑恶可耻的behaviorforwhichthoseinpowermayhavebeen16Howeverthepressasweknowithasbeenhi-jackedbythosewithpoliticalandeconomicpower.Firsttheyhavedonethisthroughownership.Secondtheyhavedonesobythedependenceofnewspapersonadvertising.Thirdtheyhave17theambiguitiesinwhatisnewsworthytotheirown18Andlastlytheydominatethewaytheworldisrepresentedinthenewssincetheyaregatekeeperscontrollingthe19ofthenewsandarebeing20quotedinit. 7

当代世界的__中属于协定__的是

Therearecountlessparentswhowillnotallowtheirchildrentoplayviolentvideogamesinwhichplayersareabletokillmaimdismemberorsexuallyassaulthumanimagesindepravedways.Thevideogameindustryratesthemandsomestoresusethatratingtodecidewhethertosellaparticulargametoaminor.ButCaliforniawenttoofarin2005whenitmadeitillegaltosellviolentvideogamestominors.RetailerschallengedthelawandafederalappealscourtrightlyruledthatitviolatestheFirstAmendment.LastweektheSupremeCourtsaidthatitwouldreviewthatdecision.Wehopeitagreesthatthelawisunconstitutional.California’slawimposesfinesofupto$1000onretailersthatsellviolentvideogamestoanyoneunder18.Toqualifyagamemustasawholelackseriousliteraryartisticpoliticalorscientificvalueforminors.Butvideogamesareaformoffreeexpression.Manyhaveelaborateplotsandcharactersoftendrawnfromfictionorhistory.TheCalifornialawisacontent-basedrestrictionsomethingthatispresumedinvalidundertheFirstAmendment.TheSupremeCourthasmadeitclearthatminorshaveFirstAmendmentrights.CaliforniahastriedtolowertheconstitutionalstandardforupholdingthelawbycomparingittovariableobscenityaFirstAmendmentprinciplethatallowsbanningthesaleofsomesexuallyexplicitmaterialstominorsthatcannotbebannedforadults.TheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheNinthCircuitinSanFranciscolikeotherfederalcourtsrightlyrefusedtoextendthatdoctrinetoviolentgames.UndertraditionalFirstAmendmentanalysiscontent-basedspeechrestrictionscansurviveonlyiftheyarenarrowlytailoredtopromoteacompellinggovernmentinterest.Californiasaysitsinterestisinpreventingpsychologicalorneurologicaldamagetoyoungpeople.Theappealscourtconcludedthattheevidenceconnectingviolentvideogamestothissortofdamageistooweaktomakerestrictingthegamesacompellinggovernmentinterest.Eveniftheinterestwerelegitimatethestatecouldhaveusedlessrestrictivemethods.Thevideogameindustrylikethemoviebusinesshasavoluntaryratingsystemthatprovidesbuyersandsellerswithinformationonthecontentofspecificgamesincludingage-specificratingsrangingfromearlychildhoodtoadultsonly.Thegovernmentcoulddomoretopromotetheuseofvoluntaryratingsbyretailersandparents.Californialawmakersmayhavebeenrightwhentheydecidedthatvideogamesinwhichplayerskillandmaimarenotthemostsociallybeneficialformofexpression.TheConstitutionhoweverdoesnotrequirespeechtobeidealforittobeprotected.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’slawis

Noonedoubtsthepowerofthemediaandnoonedoubtsthemediaisusefultothoseinpower.Newspapershavevast1comparedwithanyotherpublishedprinttheyarepublishedfrequentlyandare2throughwidedistributionnetworks.Formostpeoplethey3themostsubstantialconsumptionofprinteddiscourse语段.4thepowerfulinsocietyshouldattempttocontrolandinfluencethemis5question. 6thereisalsoaconflictingmythofthefreedomofthepressthatjournalistsarefreetogiveanobjective7ofanythingtheythinknewsworthy.Andthat8journalistsonaparticularnewspapermaybeconstrained限制aboutwhattheycanreportthereaderhasachoicebecauseofthevarietyofnewspaperson9Newspapersinthisregardhavebeen10asthethirdestateanessentialingredientofdemocracy;theinformationtheygiveis11tobesufficientlyimportantandtrustworthytoallowvoterstomakejudgmentsabouttherecordofthepoliticalparties12electionsandtomakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhichpartyto13. LordNorthcliffethenewspaperowneroncesaidthatrealnewsissomething14somewherewantstohideandthatalltherestisadvertising.Heobviouslysawthe15ofthepressasawatchdogforanyinefficiencyirrationalityinjusticecorruptionofscandalous丑恶可耻的behaviorforwhichthoseinpowermayhavebeen16Howeverthepressasweknowithasbeenhi-jackedbythosewithpoliticalandeconomicpower.Firsttheyhavedonethisthroughownership.Secondtheyhavedonesobythedependenceofnewspapersonadvertising.Thirdtheyhave17theambiguitiesinwhatisnewsworthytotheirown18Andlastlytheydominatethewaytheworldisrepresentedinthenewssincetheyaregatekeeperscontrollingthe19ofthenewsandarebeing20quotedinit. 11

唐律的特点与历史地位

AtfirstglanceMicrosoft’snewsearchengineBingdoesn’tlookallthatdifferentfromGoogle.There’sasearchbaracrossthetop;alistofresultsdownthemiddleofthepageflankedaboveandtotherightbyads;andasmatteringofcategoriestotheleftthatwillrefinethelistings.41______. Microsoftdescribesthechangeasafocusonbeingadecisionenginevs.asearchengine.JonTintergeneralmanagerofstrategicpartnershipsinMicrosoft’sonlineaudiencebusinessgroupsaidtheideaistoshiftworkfromconsumerstosearchenginesbyansweringmorequeriesonthesearchresultspagewithouthavingtoclickthroughtoaresult. 42______.Wanttoknowifaflight’sontimeSearchtheairlineandflightnumberandit’llanswerthatqueryatopthesearchresultsratherthanpullupalistofsitesandlinksthatcantellyou.WanttoknowwheretheUPSpackageyousentisThesearchresultspullupafieldforyoutoenteratrackingnumberratherthanmakingyouclickthroughtoUPS.comtodothat. TaskanddecisionsessionsarethefocusofthenewenginesaidMr.Tinterasopposedtomoresimplenavigationalsearches. Thecompanyisfocusingonspecificimprovementsintheareasoftravelshoppingandproductslocalandhealth—allhighlycommercialareas.IthasfullyintegratedintothesearchengineFarecastarecentlyacquiredtravelsearchenginethatpredictsthelikelihoodofflightpricesgoingupordown.43______. TheideabehindthechangesistogetpeopletothinkdifferentlyaboutsearchMr.Tintersaid. Searchisahabit.Whenyoutalktopeopleyouhearalotofstatedsatisfactionbuttheydon’tbehavelikesatisfiedcustomers—andwethinkthat’swheretheopportunityishesaidcitingstatistics:44______. Butwhetherthechangeslookdifferentenoughtomakeconsumersswitchisn’tclear.Perhapsthat’swhyMicrosoftishelpingtheservicewhichwillbefulldeployedonJune3withan$80millionto$100millioncampaignfromJWT智威汤逊广告公司. 45______. FindingwordslikethatthesedaysisgettingharderandhardersaidPaolaNorambuenaseniordirector-headofverbalidentityatInterbrand.SheaddedthatlinguisticallyBinghadalotofapplications.It’sthesoundoffound. [A]BrandingshopInterbrandhelpedconceivethenameBingwhichwaschosenbecauseitwasmemorableeasytospellaroundtheworldandcouldbeusedasaverbasMicrosofthopestoconvertpeoplefromGoogleittoBingit. [B]Butforcertaintypesofqueriesthesitetrumpsitscompetitors—specificallymarketleaderGoogle. [C]MicrosoftsaysthatifitssearchenginebringsmorerelevantresultsthanGoogleorYahoo!thenpeoplewilleventuallymigratetothebestproduct.Thatmaynotbetrue.Googlehasbecomeahabitformorethantwo-thirdsOfthepeoplewhousesearchenginesintheU.S. [D]ForexamplesearchforweatherandBingwilluseyourIPaddresstofigureoutyourlocationanddisplayaforecastatthetopoftheresults. [E]Two-thirdsofpeoplesaythey’resatisfiedwithsearchbut15%ofthetimesearchqueriesgoabandonedwithoutanswer.Ican’tthinkofanotherindustrywhereyou’dhave15%abandonmentandtwo-thirdsofcustomerssayingthey’resatisfied. [F]Creatinganewsearchengineisatremendousriskatthisstagebecauseit’sremarkablyexpensivetobuildandmarketonethathasanychanceinthemassmarket. [G]AndithasmadeimprovementstoitsmapsfunctionsJettingusersomitthenavigationalminutiae细节oflocalstreetsthatoftenclutterotherservices’directions. 41

It’sacliche—buttrue—thatahugeobstacletoastrongereconomicrecoveryisthelackofconfidenceinastrongrecovery.Ifconsumersandbusinessesweremoreconfidenttheywouldbespendinghiringandlendingmorefreely.Insteadwe’redelugedwithreportssuggestingthatbecausetherecessionwassodeepitwilltakemanyyearstoregainanythinglikethepre-crisisprosperity.JustlastweekforexampletheMcKinseyGlobalInstitutereleasedastudyestimatingthatthecountryneeds21millionadditionaljobsby2020toreducetheunemploymentrateto5percent.Thestudywasskepticalthatthiswouldhappen.Pessimismandslowgrowthbecomeaviciouscycle.Batteredconfidencemostobviouslyreflectstheferocityandshockofthefinancialcollapseandtheensuingrecessionincludingthedevastatinghousingcollapse.Butthere’sanotherlessappreciatedcause:disillusionwithmoderneconomics.ProbablywithoutrealizingitmostAmericanshadacceptedthefundamentalpromisesofcontemporaryeconomics.Thesewere:FirstweknowenoughtopreventanotherGreatDepression;secondalthoughwecan’tpreventeveryrecessionweknowenoughtoensuresustainedandforthemostpartstrongrecoveries.Thesepropositionsendorsedbymosteconomistshadworkedthemselvesintosociety’sbeliefstructure.Embracingthemdoesnotprecludeeconomicdisappointmentssetbacksworriesorrisks.Butformostpeoplemostofthetimeitdoesprecludeeconomiccalamity.Peoplefeltprotected.Ifyoustopbelievingthemthenyouactdifferently.Youbeginshieldingyourselfasbestyoucanagainstcircumstancesanddangersthatyoucan’tforeseebutthatyoufeararethere.Youbecomemorecautious.Youhesitatemorebeforemakingabigcommitment-buyingahomeorcarifyou’reaconsumer;hiringworkersifyou’reanemployer;startinganewbusinessifyou’reanentrepreneur;ormakingloansifyou’reabanker.Almosteveryoneishunkereddowninsomeway.OnedisturbingfactfromtheMcKinseyreportisthis:Thenumberofnewbusinessesatraditionalsourceofjobswasdown23percentin9010from2007;thelevelwasthelowestsince1983whenAmericahadabout75millionfewerpeople.Largecorporationsarestandoffish.Theyhaveabout$2trillionofcashandsecuritiesontheirbalancesheetswhichcouldbeusedforhiringandinvestinginnewproducts.It’snotthateconomicsachievednothing.Theemergencymeasuresthrownatthecrisisinmanycountriesexceptionallylowinterestratesstimulusprogramsofextraspendingandtaxcuts—probablyavertedanotherDepression.Butit’salsotruethatthere’snownoconsensusamongeconomistsastohowtostrengthentherecovery.Economistssufferfromwhatoneofthemcallsthepretense-of-knowledgesyndrome.Theyactasiftheyunderstandmorethantheydoandpresumethattheirpolicieswhetheroftheleftorrighthavebenefitsmorepredictablethantheyactuallyare.It’sworthrememberingthattherecovery’spresentslowdownisoccurringdespitemeasurestakentospeeditup.Somoderneconomicshasbeenoversoldandthepublicisnowdisbelieving.Thedisillusionfeedsstubbornlylowconfidence.Weretheymoreopen-mindedabouteconomiccalamitiespeoplewould

一次学术研讨会上有学者提出__在我国法律体系中处于特殊地位按特殊程序制定和修改具有最高法律效力任何法律都不能与__的原则和规定相抵触固此__不是一个法律部门而是在各争具体法律部门之上的根本大法请运用法理学知识对上述观点进行分析

简述特别行政区行政长官的法律地位及任职的基本条件

Linguistshaveunderstoodfordecadesthatlanguageandthoughtarecloselyrelated.Humansconstructrealityusingthoughtandexpressthesethoughtsthroughtheuseoflanguage.EdwardSapirandhisstudentBenjaminWhorfarecreditedwithdevelopingthemostrelevantexplanationoutliningtherelationshipbetweenthoughtandlanguagetheSapir-WhorfHypothesis.Thehypothesisconsistsoftwopartslinguisticrelativityandlinguisticdeterminism.Supportersoflinguisticrelativityassumethatcultureisshapedbylanguage.Terwilligerdefineslinguisticdeterminismastheprocessbywhichthefunctionsofone’smindaredeterminedbythenatureofthelanguagewhichonespeaks.Insimplertermsthethoughtsthatweconstructarebaseduponthelanguagethatwespeakandthewordsthatweuse.Initsstrongestsenselinguisticdeterminismcanbeinterpretedasmeaningthatlanguagedeterminesthought.Initsweakestsenselanguagepartiallyinfluencesthought.Whorfwascarefultoavoidauthoritativestatementswhichwouldpermanentlycommithimtoaparticularposition.BecauseofthebroadnatureofhisstatementsitisdifficulttodistinguishexactlytowhatextentWhorlbelievesthatlanguagedeterminesthought.HeateddebateamongmodernlinguistsdemonstratesthatdisagreementexistsabouttheaccuracyandcorrectnessofWhorf’sstudiesandoftheactuallevelofinfluenceoflanguageonthoughtprocesses.TheSapir-Whorfhypothesisessentiallyconsistsoftwodistinctstatementsconnectingtherelationofthoughtandlanguage.Whorfbelievesthathumansmaybeabletothinkonlyaboutobjectsprocessesandconditionsthathavelanguageassociatedwiththem.TheSapir-WhorfhypothesisalsoexplainstherelationshipbetweendifferentlanguagesFrenchEnglishGermanChineseandsoonandthought.Whorldemonstratedthatcultureislargelydeterminedbylanguage.Differentculturesperceivetheworldindifferentways.Culturallyessentialobjectsconditionsandprocessesusuallyaredefinedbyaplethoraofwordswhilethingsthatculturesperceiveasunimportantareusuallyassignedoneortwowords.WhorldevelopedthistheorywhilestudyingtheHopiIndiantribe.WhorfwasamazedthattheHopilanguagehasnowordsforpastpresentandfuture.TheHopihaveonlyonewordforflyingobjects.Adragonflyanairplaneandapilotaredefinedusingthesameword.WhorfquestionedwhetherornottheHopiviewtheworlddifferentlyfromwesternpeople.AfterfurtherinterpretationandanalysisheconcludedthattheHopihaveasenseforthecontinuumoftimedespitehavingnowordstospecificallydescribepastpresentandfuture.ItiscommonlybelievedthattheSapir-Whorfhypothesispossessessometruthbuttheextenttowhichitisapplicabletoallsituationsisquestioned.Linguistsgenerallysupportastrongoraweakinterpretation.Linguistswhostudythehypothesistendtociteexamplesthatsupporttheirbeliefsbutareunableorunwillingtorefutetheopposingarguments.Examplesexistthatstrengthentheargumentsofeveryonewhostudiesthehypothesis.NobodyhasgainedsignificantgroundinprovingorrefutingthehypothesisbecausethedefinitionsofSapirandWhorlareveryvagueandincompleteleavingroomforasignificantamountofinterpretation.AccordingtotheSapir-WhorfHypothesisifaculturehasmoreexpressionsforcertainconceptsitshowsthat

Avarietyofillegalactscommittedbypeopleinthecourseoftheiremploymentfortheirownpersonalgainarecollectivelyknownaswhite-collarcrime.Embezzlementtheftandtradingsecurities1insiderinformationarecommonformsofwhite-collarcrime.Themajorityofcasesinvolvelow-levelemployeeswhostealbecausetheyareunder2financialstress.Manyplanto3themoneybackassoonaspossiblebutmayneverdoso.Theircrimesareusuallynever4becausetheamountsofmoneyaresmallandnoonenoticesthe5. 6therearesomeverylargecasesofwhite-collarcrimesuchasmultimillion-dollarstockmarketorbankingseamsthattakeyearstodiscoverandareextremelydifficultandexpensiveto7. White-collarcrimeisnot8tothebusinesssector.Governmentemploymentespecially9thecitylevelalsoprovidesopportunitiesto10one’spockets.11buildinginspectorsacceptbribesandfull-timeemployeesreceive12payments. Althoughwhite-collarcrimeisless13thanstreetcrimeitinvolves14moremoneyandharmtothepublicthancrimescommittedbystreetcriminals.Itis15thattherearemorecriminals16theofficesuitesthaninthestreetsyetthe17ofwhite-collarmakesitdifficulttouncovertheoffensesandpursuetheoffenders.Astheeconomy18frommanufacturingtoservicesandelectroniccommerceopportunitiesforwhite-collarcrime19whilethetechnologyneededtostopsuchcrimeswill20. 3

AlmosteveryoneagreesthatAmerica’shealth-caresystemhastheincentivesallwrong.Underthepresentsystemdoctorsandhospitalsgetpaidfordoingmoreevenifaddedtestsoperationsandprocedureshavelittlechanceofimprovingpatients’health.SowhathappenswhensomeoneproposesthatwealtertheincentivestorewardbettercarenotmorecareWellRep.PaulRyanandRepublicansfoundout.Nosurprise:DemocratsslammedthemforendingMedicareasweknowit.Thispredictablypartisanreactionpreyingupontheanxietiesofretirees—mustdepressanyonewhocaresaboutthecountry’sfuture.ItisonlyaslightexaggerationtosaythatunlessweendMedicareasweknowitAmericaasweknowitwillend.Spiralinghealthspendingisthecruxofourfederalbudgetproblem.In1965—theyearCongresscreatedMedicareandMedicaid—healthspendingwas2.6percentofthebudget.In2010itwas26.5percent.TheObamaadministrationestimatesitwillbe30.3percentin2016.Bycontrastdefensespendingisabout20percent;scientificresearchanddevelopmentis4percent.Uncontrolledhealthspendingisn’tsimplycrowdingoutothergovernmentprograms;it’salsodampeningoveralllivingstandards.HealtheconomistsMichaelChernewRichardHirthandDavidCutlerrecentlyreportedthathigherhealthcostsconsumed35.7percentoftheincreaseinpercapitaincomefrom1999to2007.Theyalsoprojectthatunderreasonableassumptionsitcouldabsorbhalformoreofthegainbetweennowand2083.Ryanproposestochangethat.Beginningin2022newnotexistingMedicarebeneficiarieswouldreceiveavouchervaluedinitiallyatabout$8000.Thetheoryissimple.SuddenlyempoweredMedicarebeneficiarieswouldshopforlowest-costhighest-qualityinsuranceplansprovidingarequiredpackageofbenefits.Thehealth-caredeliverysystemwouldbeforcedtorestructurebyreducingcostsandimprovingquality.Doctorshospitalsandclinicswouldformnetworks;therewouldbemorecoordinationofcarehelpedbymoreinvestmentininformationtechnology;betteruseofdeductiblesandco-paymentswouldreduceunnecessarytripstodoctors’officesorclinics.It’sshocktherapy.WoulditworkNooneknowsbuttwothingsareclear.FirstasMedicaregoessogoestheentirehealth-caresystem.Medicareisthenation’slargestinsuranceprogramwith48millionrecipientsandspendinglastyearof$520billion.Secondfewdoubtthattoday’shealth-caresystemhasmuchwaste:medicalcarethatdoesnogood.UnderRyan’splanincentiveswouldshift.MedicarewouldnolongerbeanopenATM;thevoucherswouldlimittotalspending.Providerswouldfacepressurestodomorewithless;therewouldcertainlybechargesthatessentialcarewasbeingdenied.TheObamaadministrationarguesthatbetterresultscanbeachievedbymodifyingincentiveswithintheexistingsystem.Perhaps.Buthistorysuggestsskepticism.It’sRyan’sradicalismvs.PresidentObama’sremedypolicy.WhichisrealisticandwhichiswishfulthinkingBurdenedbyrunawayspendingMedicareasweknowitisgoingtoend.Theonlyquestionsarewhenandonwhoseterms.Whichofthefollowingareasisnotseriouslyaffectedbybudgetonhealthcare

Directions:Youreadinthenewspaperthatthecitygovernmenthasapprovedtheplanofbuildinganothergolfcourtinthesuburbofyourcitywiththeaimofattractingmoretourists.Writealettertothecitygovernmentgivingreasonswhyyouthinktheprojectshouldbeabandoned.Donotsignyourname.Useaconcernedcitizeninstead.

Fromthe18ththroughthemid-19thcenturywhaleoilprovidedlighttomuchoftheWesternworld.Atitspeakwhalingemployed70000peopleandwastheUnitedStates’fifth-largestindustry.TheU.S.stoodastheworld’sforemostwhaleslayer.Producingmillionsofgallonsofoileachyeartheindustrywaswidelyseenasunassailablewithadvocatesscoffingatwould-beilluminationsubstituteslike.lardoilandcamphene.Withoutwhaleoilsothethinkingwenttheworldwouldslidebackwardtowarddarkness.Bytoday’sstandardofcourseslaughteringwhalesisconsideredbarbaric.Twohundredyearsagotherewasnoenvironmentalmovementtospeakof.ButonewondersifthewhalersfindingthateachyeartheyneededtogofartherafieldfromNantucketIslandtokillmassiveseamammalseveraskedthemselves:whatwillhappenwhenwerunoutofwhalesSuchquestionstodayconstitutethecornerstoneoftheever-louderlogicofsustainability.Climatealarmistsandcampaigningenvironmentalistsarguethattheindustrializedcountriesoftheworldhavemadesizablewithdrawalsonnature’sfixedallowanceandunlesswechangeourwaysandsoonwearedoomedtoanabruptend.TaketherecentproclamationfromtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramwhicharguedthatgovernmentsshoulddramaticallycutbackontheuseofresources.Themantrahasbecomecommonplace:ourcurrentwayoflivingisselfishandunsustainable.Wearewreckingtheworld.Wearecuttingdowntherainforest.Wearepollutingthewater.Wearepollutingtheair.Wearekillingplantsandanimalsdestroyingtheozonelayerburningtheworldthroughouraddictiontofossilfuelsandleavingadevastatedplanetforfuturegenerations.Inotherwordshumanityisdoomed.Itisacompellingstorynodoubt.Itisalsofundamentallywrongandtheconsequencesaresevere.Tragicallyexaggeratedenvironmentalworries—andthewillingnessofsomanytobelievethem—couldultimatelypreventusfromfindingsmarterwaystoactuallyhelpourplanetandensurethehealthoftheenvironmentforfuturegenerations.Becauseourfearsnotwithstandingweactuallygetsmarter.AlthoughWesternerswereoncereliantonwhaleoilforlightingweneveractuallyranoutofwhales.WhyHighdemandandrisingpricesforwhaleoilspurredasearchforandinvestmentinthe19th-centuryversionofalternativeenergy.Firstkerosenefrompetroleumreplacedwhaleoil.Wedidn’trunoutofkeroseneeither:electricitysupplanteditbecauseitwasasuperiorwaytolightourplanet.Forgenerationswehaveconsistentlyunderestimatedourcapacityforinnovation.TherewasatimewhenweworriedthatallofLondonwouldbecoveredwithhorsemanurebecauseoftheincreasinguseofhorse-drawncarriages.ThankstotheinventionofthecarLondonhas7millioninhabitantstoday.Dungdisasteraverted.Infactwould-becatastropheshaveregularlybeenpushedasidethroughouthumanhistoryandsooftenbecauseofinnovationandtechnologicaldevelopment.Weneverjustcontinuetodothesameoldthing.Weinnovateandavoidtheanticipatedproblems.Theauthor’sattitudetotheenvironmentalists’alarmingrhetoricis

It’sacliche—buttrue—thatahugeobstacletoastrongereconomicrecoveryisthelackofconfidenceinastrongrecovery.Ifconsumersandbusinessesweremoreconfidenttheywouldbespendinghiringandlendingmorefreely.Insteadwe’redelugedwithreportssuggestingthatbecausetherecessionwassodeepitwilltakemanyyearstoregainanythinglikethepre-crisisprosperity.JustlastweekforexampletheMcKinseyGlobalInstitutereleasedastudyestimatingthatthecountryneeds21millionadditionaljobsby2020toreducetheunemploymentrateto5percent.Thestudywasskepticalthatthiswouldhappen.Pessimismandslowgrowthbecomeaviciouscycle.Batteredconfidencemostobviouslyreflectstheferocityandshockofthefinancialcollapseandtheensuingrecessionincludingthedevastatinghousingcollapse.Butthere’sanotherlessappreciatedcause:disillusionwithmoderneconomics.ProbablywithoutrealizingitmostAmericanshadacceptedthefundamentalpromisesofcontemporaryeconomics.Thesewere:FirstweknowenoughtopreventanotherGreatDepression;secondalthoughwecan’tpreventeveryrecessionweknowenoughtoensuresustainedandforthemostpartstrongrecoveries.Thesepropositionsendorsedbymosteconomistshadworkedthemselvesintosociety’sbeliefstructure.Embracingthemdoesnotprecludeeconomicdisappointmentssetbacksworriesorrisks.Butformostpeoplemostofthetimeitdoesprecludeeconomiccalamity.Peoplefeltprotected.Ifyoustopbelievingthemthenyouactdifferently.Youbeginshieldingyourselfasbestyoucanagainstcircumstancesanddangersthatyoucan’tforeseebutthatyoufeararethere.Youbecomemorecautious.Youhesitatemorebeforemakingabigcommitment-buyingahomeorcarifyou’reaconsumer;hiringworkersifyou’reanemployer;startinganewbusinessifyou’reanentrepreneur;ormakingloansifyou’reabanker.Almosteveryoneishunkereddowninsomeway.OnedisturbingfactfromtheMcKinseyreportisthis:Thenumberofnewbusinessesatraditionalsourceofjobswasdown23percentin9010from2007;thelevelwasthelowestsince1983whenAmericahadabout75millionfewerpeople.Largecorporationsarestandoffish.Theyhaveabout$2trillionofcashandsecuritiesontheirbalancesheetswhichcouldbeusedforhiringandinvestinginnewproducts.It’snotthateconomicsachievednothing.Theemergencymeasuresthrownatthecrisisinmanycountriesexceptionallylowinterestratesstimulusprogramsofextraspendingandtaxcuts—probablyavertedanotherDepression.Butit’salsotruethatthere’snownoconsensusamongeconomistsastohowtostrengthentherecovery.Economistssufferfromwhatoneofthemcallsthepretense-of-knowledgesyndrome.Theyactasiftheyunderstandmorethantheydoandpresumethattheirpolicieswhetheroftheleftorrighthavebenefitsmorepredictablethantheyactuallyare.It’sworthrememberingthattherecovery’spresentslowdownisoccurringdespitemeasurestakentospeeditup.Somoderneconomicshasbeenoversoldandthepublicisnowdisbelieving.Thedisillusionfeedsstubbornlylowconfidence.TheMcKinseyreportismentionedtoshow

Avarietyofillegalactscommittedbypeopleinthecourseoftheiremploymentfortheirownpersonalgainarecollectivelyknownaswhite-collarcrime.Embezzlementtheftandtradingsecurities1insiderinformationarecommonformsofwhite-collarcrime.Themajorityofcasesinvolvelow-levelemployeeswhostealbecausetheyareunder2financialstress.Manyplanto3themoneybackassoonaspossiblebutmayneverdoso.Theircrimesareusuallynever4becausetheamountsofmoneyaresmallandnoonenoticesthe5. 6therearesomeverylargecasesofwhite-collarcrimesuchasmultimillion-dollarstockmarketorbankingseamsthattakeyearstodiscoverandareextremelydifficultandexpensiveto7. White-collarcrimeisnot8tothebusinesssector.Governmentemploymentespecially9thecitylevelalsoprovidesopportunitiesto10one’spockets.11buildinginspectorsacceptbribesandfull-timeemployeesreceive12payments. Althoughwhite-collarcrimeisless13thanstreetcrimeitinvolves14moremoneyandharmtothepublicthancrimescommittedbystreetcriminals.Itis15thattherearemorecriminals16theofficesuitesthaninthestreetsyetthe17ofwhite-collarmakesitdifficulttouncovertheoffensesandpursuetheoffenders.Astheeconomy18frommanufacturingtoservicesandelectroniccommerceopportunitiesforwhite-collarcrime19whilethetechnologyneededtostopsuchcrimeswill20. 1

Noonedoubtsthepowerofthemediaandnoonedoubtsthemediaisusefultothoseinpower.Newspapershavevast1comparedwithanyotherpublishedprinttheyarepublishedfrequentlyandare2throughwidedistributionnetworks.Formostpeoplethey3themostsubstantialconsumptionofprinteddiscourse语段.4thepowerfulinsocietyshouldattempttocontrolandinfluencethemis5question. 6thereisalsoaconflictingmythofthefreedomofthepressthatjournalistsarefreetogiveanobjective7ofanythingtheythinknewsworthy.Andthat8journalistsonaparticularnewspapermaybeconstrained限制aboutwhattheycanreportthereaderhasachoicebecauseofthevarietyofnewspaperson9Newspapersinthisregardhavebeen10asthethirdestateanessentialingredientofdemocracy;theinformationtheygiveis11tobesufficientlyimportantandtrustworthytoallowvoterstomakejudgmentsabouttherecordofthepoliticalparties12electionsandtomakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhichpartyto13. LordNorthcliffethenewspaperowneroncesaidthatrealnewsissomething14somewherewantstohideandthatalltherestisadvertising.Heobviouslysawthe15ofthepressasawatchdogforanyinefficiencyirrationalityinjusticecorruptionofscandalous丑恶可耻的behaviorforwhichthoseinpowermayhavebeen16Howeverthepressasweknowithasbeenhi-jackedbythosewithpoliticalandeconomicpower.Firsttheyhavedonethisthroughownership.Secondtheyhavedonesobythedependenceofnewspapersonadvertising.Thirdtheyhave17theambiguitiesinwhatisnewsworthytotheirown18Andlastlytheydominatethewaytheworldisrepresentedinthenewssincetheyaregatekeeperscontrollingthe19ofthenewsandarebeing20quotedinit. 3

材料1消费者陈女士为在外地大学读书的女儿通过甲快递公司快递一封信件第3天陈女士接到女儿电话问为什么还没有收到信件陈女士很奇怪便致电甲快递公司快递公司承认工作人员开封检查了但对陈女士和其女儿提出的赔偿要求予以拒绝理由是快递公司有规定即本公司拥有绝对权利对每件快件开封检查是否符合有关政府机关规定或者航空限制如发现寄件违法违禁有权退回或拒收本公司有权在未事先通知寄件人的情况下开封检查交寄的物品陈女士怀疑信件被拆开偷看后丢弃了于是报了警材料2近些年一些街头小广告成为我国现代城市的公害小广告内容涉及办__刻章疏通管道开锁等各种五花八门的内容被随处张贴在树木居民楼电线杆等处这些小广告的特征还表现在特别留下电话手机等通信方式为有效治理这种城市牛皮癣近年来全国有近20个城市通过地方立法来治理乱贴乱写并公布其通信方式的行为利用24小时不间断呼叫暂停或终止其通讯工具的使用等手段来治理此类违法行为对此有人认为这一地方立法行为已经侵害到了公民所享有的通信自由的基本权利请结合我国__的规定及相关知识回答下列问题材料l中甲快递公司的做法是否合法为什么

简述法律事实的概念和特征

唐朝婚姻法中所称的义绝是指

宋代法律规定犯人推翻口供且所翻情节实碍重罪时案件则改由另一法官或另一司法机关审理这种诉讼制度被称作

下列有关宋朝考课制度的表述正确的是

HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher Probablynotwopeoplewould1exactlysimilarlistsbutIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerally2. Firsttheteacher’spersonalityshouldbepleasantly3andattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysically4orevenuglybecausemanysuchhavegreatpersonal5Butit6ruleoutsuchtypesasthe7melancholyfrigidsarcasticfrustratedandoverbearing:Iwouldsaytoothatit8allofdullorpurelynegativepersonality. Secondlyitisnotmerelydesirable9essentialforateachertohaveagenuine10forsympathy—acapacitytotune11tothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeopleespeciallytothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.12relatedwiththisisthecapacitytobe13—notindeedofwhatiswrongbutofthefrailty意志薄弱andimmaturityofhumannaturewhich14peopleandagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes. ThirdlyI15itessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingasaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthand16andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbe17Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbea18ofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteachingwhichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeableto19anact—toenlivenalessoncorrectafaultor20praise.Childrenespeciallyyoungchildrenliveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.7

Scientistshavelongbickeredoverwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.TheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasupendedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.InanewstudythatwillnotexactlyrestoreyourfaithinhumannaturepsychologistsDavidDeStenoandPiercarloValdesoloofNortheasternUniversityinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandastrangeroneoftwotasksaneasyonelookingforhiddenimagesinaphotoorahardonesolvingmathandlogicproblems.Theparticipantscouldmaketheassignmentsthemselvesorhaveacomputerdoitrandomly.Theneveryonewasaskedhowfairlydidyouactfromextremelyunfairly1toextremelyfairly7.Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignmentsandjudgedthatperson’sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show.87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguytheonerousone.Hypocrisyhowevershowedupwithbellson.everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviormoreleniently—onaverage4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimselfthescientistswillreportintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology.Thegapsuggestshowthatkindofhypocrisyispossible.Foronethingpeople’semotionsmighthavegottenthebetterofthem.WhenwejudgeourowntransgressionslessharshlythanwejudgethesametransgressionsinothersDeStenosaiditmaybebecausewehavethisautomaticgut-levelinstincttopreserveourself-image.AddsDanBatsonoftheUniversityofKansasapioneerinhypocrisystudiespeoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoralsinceitletsyouavoidcensureandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.TotesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisyDeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeranonerousone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractionstheyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thisploykeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelseanditworkedhypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirownselfishbehaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengagedwe’releftwithgut-levelreactionsandweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourtransgressionsharshlymoralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstinctswhicharetoughertochangethanthinking.Sinceit’sacognitiveprocesswehavevolitionalcontroloveritarguesDeSteno.ThestudyofDeStenoandotherresearchersshowsthat

Avarietyofillegalactscommittedbypeopleinthecourseoftheiremploymentfortheirownpersonalgainarecollectivelyknownaswhite-collarcrime.Embezzlementtheftandtradingsecurities1insiderinformationarecommonformsofwhite-collarcrime.Themajorityofcasesinvolvelow-levelemployeeswhostealbecausetheyareunder2financialstress.Manyplanto3themoneybackassoonaspossiblebutmayneverdoso.Theircrimesareusuallynever4becausetheamountsofmoneyaresmallandnoonenoticesthe5. 6therearesomeverylargecasesofwhite-collarcrimesuchasmultimillion-dollarstockmarketorbankingseamsthattakeyearstodiscoverandareextremelydifficultandexpensiveto7. White-collarcrimeisnot8tothebusinesssector.Governmentemploymentespecially9thecitylevelalsoprovidesopportunitiesto10one’spockets.11buildinginspectorsacceptbribesandfull-timeemployeesreceive12payments. Althoughwhite-collarcrimeisless13thanstreetcrimeitinvolves14moremoneyandharmtothepublicthancrimescommittedbystreetcriminals.Itis15thattherearemorecriminals16theofficesuitesthaninthestreetsyetthe17ofwhite-collarmakesitdifficulttouncovertheoffensesandpursuetheoffenders.Astheeconomy18frommanufacturingtoservicesandelectroniccommerceopportunitiesforwhite-collarcrime19whilethetechnologyneededtostopsuchcrimeswill20. 13

在我国一个法律案要形成法律必须经

关于会审公廨制度的表述正确的有

TheUnitedStatesexperiencedsomeofthemostextremeweathereventsinitshistorythisspringincludingdeadlyoutbreaksoftornadoesnear-recordfloodingdroughtandwildfires.Damagesfromthesedisastershavealreadypassed$32billionandthehurricaneseasonwhichisjustbeginningisprojectedtobeaboveaverageaccordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.GovernmentscientistssaidWednesdaythatthefrequencyofextremeweatherhasincreasedoverthepasttwodecadesinpartasaresultofglobalwarmingcausedbytheaccumulationofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Buttheywerecarefulnottoblamehumansforthisyear’srashofdeadlyeventssayingthatinsomewaysweatherpatternswerereturningtothoseseenatthebeginningofthelastcentury.Lookingatlong-termpatternssince1980indeedextremeclimatologicalandmeteorologicaleventshaveincreasedsaidThomasR.KarldirectorofNOAA’sNationalClimaticDataCenter.Butintheearlypartofthe20thcenturytherewasalsoatendencyformoreextremeeventsfollowedbyaquietcoupleofdecades.PresentinganewNOAAreporton2011extremeweatherDr.Karlsaidthatextremesofprecipitationhaveincreasedastheplanetwarmsandmorewaterevaporatesfromtheoceans.Healsosaidmodelssuggestthatascarbondioxidebuildsupintheatmosphereandheatstheplanetdroughtswillincreaseinfrequencyandintensity.ButitisdifficultandunlikelytodiscernahumanfingerprintifthereisoneonthedroughtrecordoftheUnitedStateshesaid.Someotherclimatescientistsweremorecategoricalaboutthehumancontributiontoextremeclimateevents.KevinTrenberthdistinguishedseniorscientistattheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchsaidthatwhenthegreenhouseeffectcausedbyburningfossilfuelsisaddedtothenaturalvariabilityofclimateweatherdisasterscanbeexpectedtooccurmorefrequently.GlobalwarmingiscontributingtoanincreasedincidenceofextremeweatherbecausetheenvironmentinwhichallstormsformhaschangedfromhumanactivitiesDr.TrenberthsaidinatelephoneinterviewWednesday.Recordsarenotjustbrokentheyaresmashed.Itisasclearawarningaswearegoingtogetaboutprospectsforthefuture.Aprilwasaparticularlydevastatingmonthfortornadoesandrainfallwith875tornadoesreportedduringthemonthandheavyrainandsnowmeltcontributingtoMississippiRiverfloodinglaterinthespringthatsurpassedthehistoricfloodsof1927and1937.Sofarthisyeartherehavebeennearly1400preliminarytornadoreportsnationwide;thosereportswillmostlikelybewhittleddowntoabout900confirmedtornadoesthesecond-highestannualtotalrecordedinmoderntimes.Therecordis1011confirmedtornadoesin2008.Theyearalsoisontracktobeoneofthedeadliestwith536fatalitiessofarfromtornadoesplacing2011insixthplaceinUnitedStateshistoryandthedeadliestsince1936.Whilescientistsseemoredeadlyweatherthey

民国北洋政府时期的袁记约法政权体制上采用

HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher Probablynotwopeoplewould1exactlysimilarlistsbutIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerally2. Firsttheteacher’spersonalityshouldbepleasantly3andattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysically4orevenuglybecausemanysuchhavegreatpersonal5Butit6ruleoutsuchtypesasthe7melancholyfrigidsarcasticfrustratedandoverbearing:Iwouldsaytoothatit8allofdullorpurelynegativepersonality. Secondlyitisnotmerelydesirable9essentialforateachertohaveagenuine10forsympathy—acapacitytotune11tothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeopleespeciallytothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.12relatedwiththisisthecapacitytobe13—notindeedofwhatiswrongbutofthefrailty意志薄弱andimmaturityofhumannaturewhich14peopleandagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes. ThirdlyI15itessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingasaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthand16andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbe17Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbea18ofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteachingwhichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeableto19anact—toenlivenalessoncorrectafaultor20praise.Childrenespeciallyyoungchildrenliveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19

我国刑法第59条规定没收财产是没收犯罪分子个人所有财产的一部或者全部这一规定属于法的构成要素中的

Inoursocietywemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-person1bythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbusesstandinfootballmatch2wearelikelytohaveconversations3wegiveinformationoropinionsandsometimeshaveourviews4byothermembersofsociety. Face-to-facecontactis5theonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearsthe6ofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings7othershavecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstlyinventivenesshas8advancesinprintingphotographyandsoon.Secondlyspeedhasrevolutionizedthe9andreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoften10abackseattonationalnews. Nolongeristhepossessionofinformation11toaprivilegedminority.Fortyyearsagopeopleusedto12tothecinemabutnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogramthat13intomillionsofhouses.Communicationisnolongermerelyconcerned14thetransmissionofinformation.Themoderncommunicationsindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowing15toinformationeducationandentertainment.Theprintingbroadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareall16withinformingeducatingandentertaining.17agreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesociety18whichheisapartthevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsis19toabuse.Howeverthemassmediaarewithusforbetterforworseandthereisnoturning20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.19

TheUnitedStatesexperiencedsomeofthemostextremeweathereventsinitshistorythisspringincludingdeadlyoutbreaksoftornadoesnear-recordfloodingdroughtandwildfires.Damagesfromthesedisastershavealreadypassed$32billionandthehurricaneseasonwhichisjustbeginningisprojectedtobeaboveaverageaccordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.GovernmentscientistssaidWednesdaythatthefrequencyofextremeweatherhasincreasedoverthepasttwodecadesinpartasaresultofglobalwarmingcausedbytheaccumulationofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere.Buttheywerecarefulnottoblamehumansforthisyear’srashofdeadlyeventssayingthatinsomewaysweatherpatternswerereturningtothoseseenatthebeginningofthelastcentury.Lookingatlong-termpatternssince1980indeedextremeclimatologicalandmeteorologicaleventshaveincreasedsaidThomasR.KarldirectorofNOAA’sNationalClimaticDataCenter.Butintheearlypartofthe20thcenturytherewasalsoatendencyformoreextremeeventsfollowedbyaquietcoupleofdecades.PresentinganewNOAAreporton2011extremeweatherDr.Karlsaidthatextremesofprecipitationhaveincreasedastheplanetwarmsandmorewaterevaporatesfromtheoceans.Healsosaidmodelssuggestthatascarbondioxidebuildsupintheatmosphereandheatstheplanetdroughtswillincreaseinfrequencyandintensity.ButitisdifficultandunlikelytodiscernahumanfingerprintifthereisoneonthedroughtrecordoftheUnitedStateshesaid.Someotherclimatescientistsweremorecategoricalaboutthehumancontributiontoextremeclimateevents.KevinTrenberthdistinguishedseniorscientistattheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchsaidthatwhenthegreenhouseeffectcausedbyburningfossilfuelsisaddedtothenaturalvariabilityofclimateweatherdisasterscanbeexpectedtooccurmorefrequently.GlobalwarmingiscontributingtoanincreasedincidenceofextremeweatherbecausetheenvironmentinwhichallstormsformhaschangedfromhumanactivitiesDr.TrenberthsaidinatelephoneinterviewWednesday.Recordsarenotjustbrokentheyaresmashed.Itisasclearawarningaswearegoingtogetaboutprospectsforthefuture.Aprilwasaparticularlydevastatingmonthfortornadoesandrainfallwith875tornadoesreportedduringthemonthandheavyrainandsnowmeltcontributingtoMississippiRiverfloodinglaterinthespringthatsurpassedthehistoricfloodsof1927and1937.Sofarthisyeartherehavebeennearly1400preliminarytornadoreportsnationwide;thosereportswillmostlikelybewhittleddowntoabout900confirmedtornadoesthesecond-highestannualtotalrecordedinmoderntimes.Therecordis1011confirmedtornadoesin2008.Theyearalsoisontracktobeoneofthedeadliestwith536fatalitiessofarfromtornadoesplacing2011insixthplaceinUnitedStateshistoryandthedeadliestsince1936.Whichofthefollowingwouldblamehumanactivitiesfortheincreaseinextremeweather

监督__实施的意义主要内容和主要模式是什么

Inoursocietywemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-person1bythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbusesstandinfootballmatch2wearelikelytohaveconversations3wegiveinformationoropinionsandsometimeshaveourviews4byothermembersofsociety. Face-to-facecontactis5theonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearsthe6ofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings7othershavecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstlyinventivenesshas8advancesinprintingphotographyandsoon.Secondlyspeedhasrevolutionizedthe9andreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoften10abackseattonationalnews. Nolongeristhepossessionofinformation11toaprivilegedminority.Fortyyearsagopeopleusedto12tothecinemabutnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogramthat13intomillionsofhouses.Communicationisnolongermerelyconcerned14thetransmissionofinformation.Themoderncommunicationsindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowing15toinformationeducationandentertainment.Theprintingbroadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareall16withinformingeducatingandentertaining.17agreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesociety18whichheisapartthevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsis19toabuse.Howeverthemassmediaarewithusforbetterforworseandthereisnoturning20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.7

法治和人治的区别主要表现为

Optimismistheartofalwaysseeingtheglasshalffull1halfemptyfindingsomethingpositiveineventhemost2ofsituationsandlastbutnotleasttheabilitytoexpectthebestevenifthechancesare3.Itenablesyoutotrynewthingsdealwithfailureasalearningexperience4astoppingpoint.Ingeneraloptimismgivesyouareasontolive.Theworldwouldbeabetterplaceifitwasfullofoptimism5unfortunatelythetrendintoday’syouthis6theoppositeway.Todayitis7tobepessimistic.Onecouldspendhoursdiscussinghowwearrivedatthispoint8ouryouthrefusestosmelltherosesandinsteadprefersto9themselvesontheirownpessimistic10. Optimismisnotan11giftbutratheralearnedbehavior12.Likemostbehaviorsoptimismisbestlearnedbywatchingexamples13you.Thefirststepincreatingagenerationofpeoplewithapositiveoutlookonlifeisto14lifeonthebrightsideyourself.15itwouldbewrongto16yourchildfromallnegativityitisimportantthatyouarenotthe17ofdoubtsandworries.Findingsomethingpositiveinanegativesituationneedstobe18Showhowtomakethebestofthingsbyalways19thepositivebyencouragingyourchildafteran20andbyexplainingoverandoverthatfailureisjustapartofprogress. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.15

46ManyjournalismcriticshaverecentlyarguedthatAmericanjournalismisundergoingaprofoundchangebecauseitnowregularlymixesentertainmentwiththenews.Criticstypicallyarguethatthisentertainmentisintheformofsensationalisticcelebrity-scandal.InfactthereisalonghistoryofsensationalisminAmericanjournalismafactdocumentedbyseveraljournalismhistorians.47Butthemainpointofcontemporarycriticsisthatsensationalismandtabloid-styletechniqueswhichwerealwayspresentonthefringesofjournalismarenowbecomingthenorminAmericanjournalismandarebeingadoptedbyso-calledmainstreammediaaspartofeconomicsurvivalstrategiesinthecutthroatbusinessclimateofAmericanmassmedia.Thesecontemporarycriticstypicallyarguethatthereshouldbearigidboundarybetweenmainstreamjournalismandotherkindsofmasscommunicationsuchastabloidjournalism.48Thecriticsimplythatonekindofcommunicationismorelegitimateincertaincontextsthantheotherandeventhattabloidjournalismisnotjournalismatallbutisinsteadentertainment.Oneoftheclaimsmadebymassmediacriticsisthatjournalismjustrecentlygotworse.Butthismaybeaperennialcomplaint. 49Aquickreviewofjournalismcriticismrevealsthattheargumentthatjournalismusedtobebetterbutjustrecentlygotworseiscommonthroughoutthehistoryofjournalism.Thecritiquesusuallysaythatjournalismusedtomakebolddistinctionsbetweennewsandentertainmentbutnowcombinesthetwo.Thesecritiquesconstructthelogicalconclusionthatjournalismhassteadilydeclinedinqualityovermanyyears.50Takentogetherthecriticismsadduptotheconclusionsthatthepeoplewhousedtodojournalismwerebetterandhadhigherstandardsthanthoseoftodayandthatthedistinctionsbetweennewsandentertainmentusedtobegreater.ExamplesofthiscritiquecanbefoundineventheearliestdiscussionsofAmericanjournalism. ForinstancecriticspannedBenjaminDay’sNewYorkSunoftheearly1830sbecauseitoftencontainedhumorandsensationalnewsofsuicides.SimilarlysomecriticshatedJamesGordonBennett’sNewYorkHeraldofthemid-tolate-1830sbecauseitcontainedentertainingsatiricallywrittenpolicecourtreportsaswellasin-depthcrimestories.Bennettpioneeredthehuman-intereststoryorfeaturestorywhenhewroteinvividdetailin1836aboutthegrislymurderoftheprostituteHelenJewettquotinghermadamanddescribingJewett’sapartmentinminutedetail.Bennett’sday-by-daynarrativeoftheensuingsensationaltrialremindsusofhowjournalismandentertainingliteraturehavebeencombinedformanyyearstomakenewsworthystoriesmorepalatableforconsumption.Bennettwassoundlycriticizedbyhiscompetitorsandothersforblurringtheboundarybetweenjournalismandentertainment.HisdetractorsmanyofthemhiscompetitorswagedwhattheycalledaMoralWarinthelate1830sagainstBennettandhisenjoyablebutsensationalisticnewspaper.TheymaintainedthatBennettwasadeviantjournalistbecauseheblurredtheboundariesofjournalismbymakinghisnewspaperentertainingandpopular.ThoserunningtheMoralWaragainstBennettwereunsuccessfulatrunninghimoutofthejournalismbusinessbuttheydidseriouslywoundhisbusiness. Aquickreviewofjournalismcriticismrevealsthattheargumentthatjournalismusedtobebetterbutjustrecentlygotworseiscommonthroughoutthehistoryofjournalism

__具有最高法律效力__的最高法律效力主要包括以下哪些方面的含义

下列关于法律要素的表述不能成立的是

Scientistshavelongbickeredoverwhetherhypocrisyisdrivenbyemotionorbyreason.TheroleofemotioninmoraljudgmentshasupendedtheEnlightenmentnotionthatourethicalsenseisbasedonhigh-mindedphilosophyandcognition.InanewstudythatwillnotexactlyrestoreyourfaithinhumannaturepsychologistsDavidDeStenoandPiercarloValdesoloofNortheasternUniversityinstructed94peopletoassignthemselvesandastrangeroneoftwotasksaneasyonelookingforhiddenimagesinaphotoorahardonesolvingmathandlogicproblems.Theparticipantscouldmaketheassignmentsthemselvesorhaveacomputerdoitrandomly.Theneveryonewasaskedhowfairlydidyouactfromextremelyunfairly1toextremelyfairly7.Nexttheywatchedsomeoneelsemaketheassignmentsandjudgedthatperson’sethics.Selflessnesswasavirtualno-show.87outof94peopleoptedfortheeasytaskandgavethenextguytheonerousone.Hypocrisyhowevershowedupwithbellson.everysinglepersonwhomadetheselfishchoicejudgedhisownbehaviormoreleniently—onaverage4.5vs.3.1—thanthatofsomeoneelsewhograbbedtheeasytaskforhimselfthescientistswillreportintheJournalofExperimentalSocialPsychology.Thegapsuggestshowthatkindofhypocrisyispossible.Foronethingpeople’semotionsmighthavegottenthebetterofthem.WhenwejudgeourowntransgressionslessharshlythanwejudgethesametransgressionsinothersDeStenosaiditmaybebecausewehavethisautomaticgut-levelinstincttopreserveourself-image.AddsDanBatsonoftheUniversityofKansasapioneerinhypocrisystudiespeoplehavelearnedthatitpaystoseemmoralsinceitletsyouavoidcensureandguilt.Butevenbetterisappearingmoralwithouthavingtopaythecostofactuallybeingmoral—suchasassigningyourselfthetoughjob.TotesttheroleofcognitioninhypocrisyDeStenohadvolunteersagainassignthemselvesaneasytaskandastrangeranonerousone.Butbeforejudgingthefairnessoftheiractionstheyhadtomemorizesevennumbers.Thisploykeepsthebrain’sthinkingregionstootieduptothinkmuchaboutanythingelseanditworkedhypocrisyvanished.Peoplejudgedtheirownselfishbehaviorasharshlyastheydidothers’strongevidencethatmoralhypocrisyrequiresahigh-ordercognitiveprocess.Whenthethinkingpartofthebrainisotherwiseengagedwe’releftwithgut-levelreactionsandweintuitivelyandequallycondemnbadbehaviorbyourselvesaswellasothers.Ifourgutknowswhenwehaveerredandjudgesourtransgressionsharshlymoralhypocrisymightnotbeasinevitableasifitwerethechildofemotionsandinstinctswhicharetoughertochangethanthinking.Sinceit’sacognitiveprocesswehavevolitionalcontroloveritarguesDeSteno.Inthefourthandfifthparagraphstheexpressiongut-levelmostprobablymeans

AmericaactedquicklyanddecisivelytotheGreatRecessionwhileEuropeansseemparalyzedbythedistantpast.TheswiftanddecisiveU.S.responsetothefinancialcrisisanddeeprecessionshouldbeamodelforotherlargedevelopedeconomies.YetEuropewhichisnowfacingsovereigndebtandbankingproblemsandaslowdowningrowthseemsreluctanttofollowAmerica’slead.TheUnitedStatesemergedfromits2008economiccataclysmwithrelativespeedbecausepolicymakerslearnedfromhistory.FederalReserveChairmanBenBernankehadfamouslyinternalizedthechargethatthecentralbankhadcontributedtotheGreatDepression.ThefrenziedresponseoftheBernankeFed—guaranteeingallsortsofassetsandmarketspurchasingmortgage-backedsecuritiesadoptingazero-interestratepolicyandexpandingitsbalanceshedto$2.3trillioncanbeseenassignsofovercompensation.AndfromJapan’sexperienceinthe1990stheFedlearnedtheneedforspeed.WhilesomecriticshavechargedtheU.S.fiscalstimuluswastoosmallthedatasuggestthatthestimuluspackagehasbeenasignificantcontributortojobretentionandgrowth.Increasedfederalspendingwasneededinparttocombatthedeclinesingovernmentspendingbystates.IntheUnitedStatesthefederalgovernmenthelpedpropupthestateswithinjectionsofcash.InEuropewhichlacksapowerfuloverarchingfederalgovernmentwiththeabilitytotaxandspendfiscalpolicyisallbittermedicineandnospoonfulsofsugar.FromtheUnitedKingdomtotheCzechRepublicandallpointsinbetweengovernmentsarecuttingspendingandraisingtaxes.Butthesecontractionarypolicieswillretardeconomicgrowthwhichwillinturnleadtomoreproblemsforthebanks.TheEuropeanCentralBankandEuropeangovernmentsareembracingfiscalausterityandcomparativemonetarytightnessintheseextraordinarytimesbecausetheyremainparalyzedbyaterriblefearofinflation.TheFederalReservehasthedualmandateofcontrollinginflationandpromotingemployment.TheECBbycontrastisconcernedprimarilywithinflation.NevermindthattheOECDdataoninflationshowsitisundercontrol.TheEuropeansremainfreakedoutbytheprospectofinflationatsomepointinthefuture.InitsoutlooktheOECDwrites.Oninflationtheissueisnotwhetheritisarisktoday—itisnotbutwhetheritwillbeariskintwoyears’time.IntheUnitedStatesthedesiretoavoidmistakesmadeinthedistantandrecentpasthasledtoperhapsexcessivelyvigorousfiscalandmonetarypolicies.ForEuropeansthedesiretoavoidmistakesmadeinthedistantpasthasledtoanexcessofcaution.WhentheylooktohistoryforguidanceEuropeanpolicymakersaren’tlookingatWashingtonin2009orJapaninthe1990sortheUnitedStatesinthe1930s.RathertheylooktoEuropeinthe1920saperiodwhenhyperinflationravagedeconomiesdisruptedthesocialorderdestroyedsocialdemocraciesandledtotheriseofNazism.BenBernanke’sresponsetothecrisis

Optimismistheartofalwaysseeingtheglasshalffull1halfemptyfindingsomethingpositiveineventhemost2ofsituationsandlastbutnotleasttheabilitytoexpectthebestevenifthechancesare3.Itenablesyoutotrynewthingsdealwithfailureasalearningexperience4astoppingpoint.Ingeneraloptimismgivesyouareasontolive.Theworldwouldbeabetterplaceifitwasfullofoptimism5unfortunatelythetrendintoday’syouthis6theoppositeway.Todayitis7tobepessimistic.Onecouldspendhoursdiscussinghowwearrivedatthispoint8ouryouthrefusestosmelltherosesandinsteadprefersto9themselvesontheirownpessimistic10. Optimismisnotan11giftbutratheralearnedbehavior12.Likemostbehaviorsoptimismisbestlearnedbywatchingexamples13you.Thefirststepincreatingagenerationofpeoplewithapositiveoutlookonlifeisto14lifeonthebrightsideyourself.15itwouldbewrongto16yourchildfromallnegativityitisimportantthatyouarenotthe17ofdoubtsandworries.Findingsomethingpositiveinanegativesituationneedstobe18Showhowtomakethebestofthingsbyalways19thepositivebyencouragingyourchildafteran20andbyexplainingoverandoverthatfailureisjustapartofprogress. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.19

Avarietyofillegalactscommittedbypeopleinthecourseoftheiremploymentfortheirownpersonalgainarecollectivelyknownaswhite-collarcrime.Embezzlementtheftandtradingsecurities1insiderinformationarecommonformsofwhite-collarcrime.Themajorityofcasesinvolvelow-levelemployeeswhostealbecausetheyareunder2financialstress.Manyplanto3themoneybackassoonaspossiblebutmayneverdoso.Theircrimesareusuallynever4becausetheamountsofmoneyaresmallandnoonenoticesthe5. 6therearesomeverylargecasesofwhite-collarcrimesuchasmultimillion-dollarstockmarketorbankingseamsthattakeyearstodiscoverandareextremelydifficultandexpensiveto7. White-collarcrimeisnot8tothebusinesssector.Governmentemploymentespecially9thecitylevelalsoprovidesopportunitiesto10one’spockets.11buildinginspectorsacceptbribesandfull-timeemployeesreceive12payments. Althoughwhite-collarcrimeisless13thanstreetcrimeitinvolves14moremoneyandharmtothepublicthancrimescommittedbystreetcriminals.Itis15thattherearemorecriminals16theofficesuitesthaninthestreetsyetthe17ofwhite-collarmakesitdifficulttouncovertheoffensesandpursuetheoffenders.Astheeconomy18frommanufacturingtoservicesandelectroniccommerceopportunitiesforwhite-collarcrime19whilethetechnologyneededtostopsuchcrimeswill20. 9

Monday’sSupremeCourtdecisiontoblockaclass-actionsex-discriminationlawsuitagainstWal-Martwasahugesetbackforasmanyas1.6millioncurrentandformerfemaleemployeesoftheworld’slargestretailer.Butthedecisionhasconsequencesthatrangefarbeyondsexdiscriminationortheviabilityofclass-actionsuits. TheunderlyingissuewhichtheSupremeCourthasnowratifiedisWal-Mart’sauthoritarianstylebywhichexecutivespressurestore-levelmanagementtosqueezemoreandmorefrommillionsofclerksstockersandlower-tiermanagers. 41______. Inthe1950sand’60snorthwestArkansaswhereWal-Martgotitsstartwaspoorwhiteandruralinthemidstofawaveofagriculturalmechanizationthatgeneratedahugesurplusofunskilledworkers.TothesemenandwomentheburgeoningchainofdiscountstoresfoundedbySamWaltonwasagodsend.ThemenmightfinddignitymanagingastoreinsteadofahardscrabblefarmwhiletheirwivesanddaughterscouldearnpinmoneyclerkingforMr.Sam.TheenthusiasmofWal-Martassociatestowardtheirjobsisoneofthecompany’sgreatestassetsdeclaredthefirm’s1973annualreport. 42______. Wal-MartattorneyshavearguedandtheSupremeCourtagreedthisweekthatevenifsexdiscriminationwasoncepartofthecompany’scultureitisnowancienthistory:ifanystoremanagersareguiltyofbiaswhenitcomestopromotingwomentheyareatoddswithcorporatepolicy.Wal-MartisnolongeranOzarkcompany;itisacosmopolitanmultinationaloperation. ButthatavoidsthemoreessentialpointnamelythatWal-Martviewslowlaborcostsandahighdegreeofworkplaceflexibilityasasignalcompetitiveadvantage.Itisamilitantlyanti-unioncompanythathasbeenforcedtopayhundredsofmillionsofdollarstocurrentandformeremployeesforviolationsofstatewageandhourlaws. TherearetensofthousandsofexperiencedWal-Martwomenwhowouldliketobepromotedtothefirstmanagerialrungsalariedassistantstoremanager.43______. WhyBecauseforallthechangethathassweptoverthecompanyatthestorelevelthereisstillafairamountoftheoldcommunalsociability.RecognizingthatworkerssteepedinthatculturemakepoorcandidatesforassistantmanagerswhoarethefrontlinesinenforcinglabordisciplineWal-Martinsiststhatalmostallworkerspromotedtothemanagerialranksmovetoanewstoreoftenhundredsofmilesaway.44______. 45______.Notunexpectedlysomemanagersthinkwomenwithfamilyresponsibilitieswouldbalkatsuchdemands. Foratimeitseemedasiftheclass-actionlawsuitmightbeapartialsubstitutefortheroleofunion.Bydrasticallylimitinghowaclass-actionsuitcanbebroughttheSupremeCourtleavesmillionsofservice-sectorworkerswithfewavenuestoescapethegrindingworklifeandlimitedopportunitiesthatsomanynowface. [A]ButWal-Martmakesitimpossibleformanyofthemtotakethatpostbecauseitsruthlessmanagementstylestructuresthejobitselfasonethatmostwomenandespeciallythosewithyoungchildrenorarelativetocareforwouldfinddifficulttoaccept. [B]Theobstaclestowomen’sadvancementdonotstopthere.Theworkweekforsalariedmanagersisaround50hoursormorewhichcansurgeto80or90hoursaweekduringholidayseasons. [C]Indeed.thesexdiscriminationatWal-Martthatdrovetherecentsuitistheproductnotmerelyofmanagerialbiasandprejudicebutalsoofacorporatecultureandbusinessmodelthatsustainsitrootedinthecompany’sverybeginnings. [D]EspeciallyinrecentyearsWal-Mart’ssame-storesaleshavedeclined.Workersofbothsexespaythepricebutwomenwhoconstitutemorethan70percentofhourlyemployeespaymore. [E]Apatriarchal男性统治或者主宰的ethoswaswrittenintotheWal-MartDNA.AndthatcorporateculturewasthesinglemostimportantelementinthecontinuedremarkablesuccessofWal-MartassertedDonSoderquistthecompany’schiefoperatingofficerinthe1990s. [F]Thereusedtobearemedyforthissortofmanagerialauthoritarianism:itwascalledaunionwhichbargainedovernotonlywagesandpensionsbutalsothekindofqualitativeissuesincludingpromotionandtransferpolicies. [G]Formiddle-agedwomencaringforfamiliesthiscorporatereassignmentpolicyamountstosexdiscrimination.TrueWal-Martishardlyaloneindemandingthatrisingmanagerssacrificefamilylifebutfewcompaniesmakerelocationsuchafixedpolicy. 41

__修正案的主要功能有

Gallowayamostlymiddle-classcommunitynorthwestofAtlanticCityispartofawaveofdistrictsacrossthenationtryingtoremakehomeworkamidconcernsthathigh-stakestestingandcompetitionforcollegehavefueledanightlygrindthatisstressingoutchildrenanddeprivingthemofplayandrestyetdoinglittletoraiseachievementparticularlyinelementarygrades.Sucheffortshavedrawncriticismfromsometeachersandsomeparentswhocounterthatstudentsmuststudymorenotlessiftheyaretosucceed.Evensotheanti-homeworkmovementhasbeenreignitedinrecentmonthsbythedocumentaryRacetoNowhereaboutburned-outstudentscaughtinapressure-cookereducationalsystem.ThereissimplynoproofthatmosthomeworkasweknowitimprovesschoolperformancesaidVickiAbelesthefilmmakerandamotherofthreefromCalifornia.Andbyexpectingkidstoworka’secondshift’inwhatshouldbetheirdowntimethepresenceofschoolworkathomeisnegativelyaffectingthehealthofouryoungpeopleandthequalityoffamilytime.SoteachersatMangoElementarySchoolinFontanaCalif.arereplacinghomeworkwithgoalworkthatisspecifictoindividualstudent’sneedsandthatcanbecompletedinclassorathomeathisorherownpace.TheBrooklynSchoolofInquiryagiftedandtalentedprogramhasmadehomeworkoptional.IthinkpeopleconfusehomeworkwithrigorsaidDonnaTaylortheBrooklynSchool’sprincipalwhoviewshomeworkforchildrenunder11asprimarilybenefitingparentsbyhelpingthemfeelconnectedtotheclassroom.Researchhaslongsuggestedthathomeworkinsmalldosescanreinforcebasicskillsandhelpyoungchildrendevelopstudyhabitsbutthattherearediminishingreturns.Stilleffortstorollbackhomeworkhavebeenopposedbythosewhocounterthatthereisnotenoughtimeintheschooldaytocoverrequiredtopicsandthathomeworkreinforcesclassroomlearning.InCoronadoCalif.theschoolboardrejectedaproposalbythesuperintendenttoeliminatehomeworkonweekendsandholidaysaftersomeparentssaidthatwaswhentheyhadtimetohelptheirchildrenandothersworrieditwouldresultinmorehomeworkonweeknights.Homeworkwarshavedividedcommunitiesforoveracentury.Inthe1950stheSputniklaunchingusheredinheavierworkloadsforAmericanstudentsintheracetokeepupwiththeSovietUnion.The1983reportANationatRiskandmorerecentlythetestingpressuresoftheNoChildLeftBehindlawalsoresultedinmorehomeworkforchildrenatyoungerages.Afewpublicandprivateschoolshaverenouncedhomeworkinrecentyearsbutmosthavesoughtamiddleground.InGallowaythepolicywouldstipulatethathomeworkcoveronlytopicsalreadyaddressedinclass.Dr.GiaquintoGalloway’ssuperintendentsaidthegoaloftheproposedpolicywastomakehomeworkmeaningfulandmanageablenotingthatteacherswouldhavetocoordinateassignmentssothatastudent’stotalhomeworkwouldnotexceedthetimelimit.Criticismsofhomeworkaremainlybasedonthepremisethat

WiththeInternetfastbecomingthemostimportantcommunicationschannelitisuntenablefortheUnitedStatesnottohavearegulatortoensurenondiscriminatoryaccessguaranteeinterconnectivityamongrivalnetworksandprotectconsumersfrompotentialabuse.Yetthat’sexactlywheretheUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitleftusallwhenitsaidthismonththattheFederalCommunicationsCommissiondidn’thavetheauthoritytoregulatetheInternet—andspecificallycouldnotforcethecablegiantComcasttostopblockingpeer-to-peersites.ThedecisioninthewordsoftheF.C.C.’sgeneralcounselAustinSchlickunderminestheagency’sabilitytoserveasthecoponthebeatfor21st-centurycommunicationsnetworks.ItalsoputsatriskbigchunksoftheF.C.C.’sstrategyforincreasingthereachofbroadbandInternettoallcornersofthecountryandfosteringmorecompetitionamongproviders.ChairmanJuliusGenachowskisaidthecommissionisnotplanningtoappealthedecisionandisstudyingitsoptions.TheF.C.C.couldtrytoforgeaheadwithitsbroadbandplandespitethecourt’sdecision.OrCongresscouldgivetheF.C.C.specificauthoritytoregulatebroadbandaccess.ButthecourttightlycircumscribedtheF.C.C.’sactions.AndwithRepublicansdeterminedtoopposeprettymuchanythingtheadministrationwantstheoddsofarationaldebateontheissuesareslim.Fortunatelythecommissionhasthetoolstofixthisproblem.ItcanreversetheBushadministration’spredictablyantiregulatorydecisiontodefinebroadbandInternetaccessasaninformationservicelikeGoogleorAmazonoverwhichithaslittleregulatorypower.Insteaditcandefinebroadbandasacommunicationsservicelikeaphonecompanyoverwhichthecommissionhasindisputableauthority.TheF.C.C.atthetimearguedthatalightregulatorytouchwouldfosteralternativetechnologiesandaggressivecompetitionamongproviders.ItassumedthattheInternetofthefuturewouldbedominatedbycompanieslikeAOLthatbundleaccesswithotherservicesjustifyingitsconflationofaccessandinformation.Anditclaimedthatitcouldstillregulatebroadbandaccessevenifitwasclassifiedasaservice.Allithadtodowasconvincethecourtsthatitwasnecessarytofurtherotherstatutorygoalslikepromotingtheroll-outofcompetitiveInternetservices.Thislegalargumentdidnotholdup.AnymovenowbytheF.C.C.toredefinebroadbandwouldsurelyunleashatorrentoflawsuitsbybroadbandprovidersbutthecommissionhassolidlegalgroundstodothat.TobeginwiththethreeargumentsadvancedbytheF.C.C.duringtheBushyearshaveprovedwrong.Ratherthanseeinganexplosionofnewcompetitionthebroadbandaccessbusinesshasconsolidatedtothepointthatmanyareasofthecountryhaveonlyoneprovider.BroadbandInternethasunbundledintoabusinesswithmanyunrelatedinformationserviceprovidersvyingforspaceonthepipelinesofafewproviders.Andmostpersuasively:broadbandaccessisprobablythemostimportantcommunicationsserviceofourtime.Onethatneedsarobustregulator.HowdoestheF.C.C.justifythenecessityforregulation

AmericaactedquicklyanddecisivelytotheGreatRecessionwhileEuropeansseemparalyzedbythedistantpast.TheswiftanddecisiveU.S.responsetothefinancialcrisisanddeeprecessionshouldbeamodelforotherlargedevelopedeconomies.YetEuropewhichisnowfacingsovereigndebtandbankingproblemsandaslowdowningrowthseemsreluctanttofollowAmerica’slead.TheUnitedStatesemergedfromits2008economiccataclysmwithrelativespeedbecausepolicymakerslearnedfromhistory.FederalReserveChairmanBenBernankehadfamouslyinternalizedthechargethatthecentralbankhadcontributedtotheGreatDepression.ThefrenziedresponseoftheBernankeFed—guaranteeingallsortsofassetsandmarketspurchasingmortgage-backedsecuritiesadoptingazero-interestratepolicyandexpandingitsbalanceshedto$2.3trillioncanbeseenassignsofovercompensation.AndfromJapan’sexperienceinthe1990stheFedlearnedtheneedforspeed.WhilesomecriticshavechargedtheU.S.fiscalstimuluswastoosmallthedatasuggestthatthestimuluspackagehasbeenasignificantcontributortojobretentionandgrowth.Increasedfederalspendingwasneededinparttocombatthedeclinesingovernmentspendingbystates.IntheUnitedStatesthefederalgovernmenthelpedpropupthestateswithinjectionsofcash.InEuropewhichlacksapowerfuloverarchingfederalgovernmentwiththeabilitytotaxandspendfiscalpolicyisallbittermedicineandnospoonfulsofsugar.FromtheUnitedKingdomtotheCzechRepublicandallpointsinbetweengovernmentsarecuttingspendingandraisingtaxes.Butthesecontractionarypolicieswillretardeconomicgrowthwhichwillinturnleadtomoreproblemsforthebanks.TheEuropeanCentralBankandEuropeangovernmentsareembracingfiscalausterityandcomparativemonetarytightnessintheseextraordinarytimesbecausetheyremainparalyzedbyaterriblefearofinflation.TheFederalReservehasthedualmandateofcontrollinginflationandpromotingemployment.TheECBbycontrastisconcernedprimarilywithinflation.NevermindthattheOECDdataoninflationshowsitisundercontrol.TheEuropeansremainfreakedoutbytheprospectofinflationatsomepointinthefuture.InitsoutlooktheOECDwrites.Oninflationtheissueisnotwhetheritisarisktoday—itisnotbutwhetheritwillbeariskintwoyears’time.IntheUnitedStatesthedesiretoavoidmistakesmadeinthedistantandrecentpasthasledtoperhapsexcessivelyvigorousfiscalandmonetarypolicies.ForEuropeansthedesiretoavoidmistakesmadeinthedistantpasthasledtoanexcessofcaution.WhentheylooktohistoryforguidanceEuropeanpolicymakersaren’tlookingatWashingtonin2009orJapaninthe1990sortheUnitedStatesinthe1930s.RathertheylooktoEuropeinthe1920saperiodwhenhyperinflationravagedeconomiesdisruptedthesocialorderdestroyedsocialdemocraciesandledtotheriseofNazism.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafaultypolicyinEurope

Gallowayamostlymiddle-classcommunitynorthwestofAtlanticCityispartofawaveofdistrictsacrossthenationtryingtoremakehomeworkamidconcernsthathigh-stakestestingandcompetitionforcollegehavefueledanightlygrindthatisstressingoutchildrenanddeprivingthemofplayandrestyetdoinglittletoraiseachievementparticularlyinelementarygrades.Sucheffortshavedrawncriticismfromsometeachersandsomeparentswhocounterthatstudentsmuststudymorenotlessiftheyaretosucceed.Evensotheanti-homeworkmovementhasbeenreignitedinrecentmonthsbythedocumentaryRacetoNowhereaboutburned-outstudentscaughtinapressure-cookereducationalsystem.ThereissimplynoproofthatmosthomeworkasweknowitimprovesschoolperformancesaidVickiAbelesthefilmmakerandamotherofthreefromCalifornia.Andbyexpectingkidstoworka’secondshift’inwhatshouldbetheirdowntimethepresenceofschoolworkathomeisnegativelyaffectingthehealthofouryoungpeopleandthequalityoffamilytime.SoteachersatMangoElementarySchoolinFontanaCalif.arereplacinghomeworkwithgoalworkthatisspecifictoindividualstudent’sneedsandthatcanbecompletedinclassorathomeathisorherownpace.TheBrooklynSchoolofInquiryagiftedandtalentedprogramhasmadehomeworkoptional.IthinkpeopleconfusehomeworkwithrigorsaidDonnaTaylortheBrooklynSchool’sprincipalwhoviewshomeworkforchildrenunder11asprimarilybenefitingparentsbyhelpingthemfeelconnectedtotheclassroom.Researchhaslongsuggestedthathomeworkinsmalldosescanreinforcebasicskillsandhelpyoungchildrendevelopstudyhabitsbutthattherearediminishingreturns.Stilleffortstorollbackhomeworkhavebeenopposedbythosewhocounterthatthereisnotenoughtimeintheschooldaytocoverrequiredtopicsandthathomeworkreinforcesclassroomlearning.InCoronadoCalif.theschoolboardrejectedaproposalbythesuperintendenttoeliminatehomeworkonweekendsandholidaysaftersomeparentssaidthatwaswhentheyhadtimetohelptheirchildrenandothersworrieditwouldresultinmorehomeworkonweeknights.Homeworkwarshavedividedcommunitiesforoveracentury.Inthe1950stheSputniklaunchingusheredinheavierworkloadsforAmericanstudentsintheracetokeepupwiththeSovietUnion.The1983reportANationatRiskandmorerecentlythetestingpressuresoftheNoChildLeftBehindlawalsoresultedinmorehomeworkforchildrenatyoungerages.Afewpublicandprivateschoolshaverenouncedhomeworkinrecentyearsbutmosthavesoughtamiddleground.InGallowaythepolicywouldstipulatethathomeworkcoveronlytopicsalreadyaddressedinclass.Dr.GiaquintoGalloway’ssuperintendentsaidthegoaloftheproposedpolicywastomakehomeworkmeaningfulandmanageablenotingthatteacherswouldhavetocoordinateassignmentssothatastudent’stotalhomeworkwouldnotexceedthetimelimit.Increasedhomeworkhadresultedfrom

HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher Probablynotwopeoplewould1exactlysimilarlistsbutIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerally2. Firsttheteacher’spersonalityshouldbepleasantly3andattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysically4orevenuglybecausemanysuchhavegreatpersonal5Butit6ruleoutsuchtypesasthe7melancholyfrigidsarcasticfrustratedandoverbearing:Iwouldsaytoothatit8allofdullorpurelynegativepersonality. Secondlyitisnotmerelydesirable9essentialforateachertohaveagenuine10forsympathy—acapacitytotune11tothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeopleespeciallytothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.12relatedwiththisisthecapacitytobe13—notindeedofwhatiswrongbutofthefrailty意志薄弱andimmaturityofhumannaturewhich14peopleandagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes. ThirdlyI15itessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingasaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthand16andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbe17Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbea18ofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteachingwhichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeableto19anact—toenlivenalessoncorrectafaultor20praise.Childrenespeciallyyoungchildrenliveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.9

Sometimesgeopoliticallessonscomefromthestrangestplaces.WithEricSchmidtsteppingdownasCEOofGoogleandreplacedbyfounderLarryPageIcan’thelpbutwonderifworldleadersaretakingnote.Googleperfectedthehorizontalbusinessmodel.TothedelightofenthusiastsofDavidRicardothecomparativeeconomistthecompanydoesonethingreallywellsearchandhasbuiltanecosystemforotherstoflourishusingitasaplatform.ContrastthiswithIBMandAT＆Tlongpasttheirexpirationdatesassuccessfulverticalcompanies.It’snocoincidencethattheSovietUnionandIBMtworagingtop-downcommand-and-controlsystemscollapsedataboutthesametime.WhatdoImeanbyverticalInitsheydayIBMdideverythingfromsouptonuts.Designedchipswrappedplasticaroundthemwroteoperatingsystemsandapplicationsandthensoldandservicedmainframes.Thegiantcapturedhalfofcomputer-industrysalesand80percentofprofitsuntilhorizontalcompaniesIntelandMicrosoftknockeditoutatitsknees.AT＆Townedphonesandswitchesandlong-distancelinesuntilaveryhorizontalInternetandcompanieslikeSkypechangedtheeconomicsofthephonecall.Thesesamedynamicsarenowdrivingtheworldeconomyintoaproductivehorizontalenterprise.Andit’sabouttime.Economiesareaboutincreasingthestandardoflivingoftheirparticipants.Ifyoudon’thaveaneconomicsystemtocreateproductivityyouendupstealingitfromyourneighbors.ThinkRomanEmpire.OrtheBritishwhocolonizedlargepartsoftheworldtolockupnaturalresourcestoplugintotheirmanufactories.Bothveryvertical.Asof1989theUnitedStatesofAmericabecametheworld’ssolesuperpower.ButwhatisAmericagoingtodowiththisstatusUnlikepastempiresthere’snoincentivetotakeovertherestoftheworld.WhytakeoveracountryanddealwiththeheadachesofawelfaresystemandhavetofixtheplumbinginUzbekistanwhenyoucanbuyitsoutputonthecheapevenorderingitsgoodsovertheWebDespitealltheprotestsglobalizationinstillspeace.Tradenowrepresents26percentofworldGDPupfrom18percentin1990.Globalizationhaslinkedthefreeworldinasmarthorizontalalliance.Computerscellphonesandfiberopticsarenotmadeinanysinglecountrytobeexportedworldwidebutinsteadhavecomponentsandlaborfrommorethan30inseparablecountriesincludingChinaandVietnam.Horizontalrules!Withoutmuchforethoughtorplanningtheworldhasstructureditselfintoahorizontalwealth-creatingandpeace-maintainingsystem—aproductivesystemthatactuallyincreasesthestandardoflivingofalltheparticipantsnotjustthoseintheUnitedStates.Americastillsitsontopoftheheapsurebutwealthhasincreasedforeverycountrycompanyandpersonthatcontributes.Andtheygetrichnotbystealingfromtherestoftheworldbutbyaddingvaluetothefoodchain.JustaskGoogle.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofglobalization

我国公民的诉愿权包括

正式确定凌迟刑作为法定死刑的法律是

下列有关清末商事立法表述错误的有

Surveillancesystemsandantiviraltreatmentswillhelpcontainadiseasebuttheycannothaltitthewayavaccinecould.Suchatreatmentwouldhavetocomefromthemakersofvaccinesforthemoreordinaryseasonalstrainsofflu.Yetdespitealltheadvancesinbiologicalsciencethisindustrystillreliesoncapital-intensiveinflexibleandold-fashionedtechnologiessuchasproducingvaccinesfrommillionsofchickeneggs. 41______Thereareusuallyseveraldifferentstrainsofinfluenzaactiveatanytimearidthesevariationsevolve.AlanBarrettoftheUniversityofTexassaystravelbycarriersofinfluenzabetheypeopleinaeroplanesorbirdsonthewingmeansregionalmutationsquicklyspreadaroundtheworld.Henceevenwhenflusubsidesattheendofthenorthernhemisphere’swinterthediseasemerelyshiftstothesouthernhemispherewhichisnowenteringitswinter.Sixmonthslateritmovesback.Whenthemutationsaregradualaswithseasonalfluitisknownasdrift;whentheyareabruptaswiththenewstrainofHIN1youhaveashiftonyourhands. 42______Thefirmsthenpreparetheirgeneticcocktailsanddeveloptheminsidelivechickeneggsinsterileconditions.Theresultingvaccineprovokesthepatient’simmunesystemintoproducingantibodiesandthatprimesitforanattackbytheworryingstrainsofflu. IfaglobalpandemicisdeclaredandmanufacturersareaskedtoproduceavaccineforH1N1theyareunlikelytobeabletorespondquicklyenough.Firmscanproduceperhapsabilliondosesofseasonalvaccineeveryyear.Thedetailsofdosingforapandemicvaccinearenotyetknownbutitisclearthatevenifallthecapacitywasswitchedtopandemicflutherewouldstillbeahugeglobalshortfall.43______. Switchingproductionalsoposesrisks.Alackofvaccinesforseasonalfluguaranteesthatmanyunprotectedpeoplewilldieoftheotherwisemundaneversionofinfluenza.44______. Themainproblemisthategg-basedmanufacturingcannotmountarapidresponse.ItcouldtakeonlyafewmoreweeksfortheWHOandCDCtodevelopaseedstrainofthepandemicvirusbutexpertssayproducerswouldthenneedfourtosixmonthsbeforetheycouldcreatelargevolumesofvaccine. 45______ Anumberofcompanieshavebeenhopingtogetsuchtechnologiestothemarketby2011or2012andsomemightbeabletohelpwithanyshortfallshouldtherebeapandemiclaterthisyear.TheWHOcalledsuchnovelapproachesariskyleapoffaith.Butifacrisisdoesengulftheworldthatmaybealeapsomearewillingtomake. [A]NoristhereanyguaranteethathavingswitchedproductionasecondwaveofanH1N1strainwillindeedbedeadly.Soproducingpandemicvaccinesasaprecautionmayturnouttobeawasteofresourceswithdeadlyresults.Oritmaysavemillionsoflives.Nooneknows. [B]TohelpthevaccinemanufacturersplantheWHOissuesguidelineseverysixmonthslistingthethreestrainsofseasonalfluthatappeartoposethebiggestthreatduringtherelevanthemisphere’sapproachingwinter. [C]Theproductionoffluvaccinehasdevelopedtocopewithseasonalflu.Thediseasemayseemnomorethananuisancetomanybuttheflustillkillsperhaps500000peopleayeararoundtheworld.Itishardtodevelopaperfectvaccineagainstseasonalinfluenzabecauseitissofleet-footed. [D]OfficialsshutdownmostoftheeconomytohaltthespreadofapreviouslyunknownstrainofthemongrelH1N1viruswhichiscomprisedofavianswineandhumaninfluenzaviruses.Thehopeisthattheoutbreakhasnowpeaked. [E]CouldmoreinnovativemanufacturingtechniqueshelpOnepromisingapproachinvolvesgrowingvaccinesnotineggsbutincellcultureswhichisspeedyandeasilyscaledup.Anotheristoaddadjuvantswhicharecatalyststhatimprovetheefficacyofavaccineandreducetheamountofactiveingredientrequired. [F]AnthonyFauciheadofAmerica’sNationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseasessaystheAmericangovernmenthasbeenfundingmanysuchfirmsinpreparationforbioterrorismandpandemics.Buthepointsoutthatnoneofthefirmshassofargotapandemicfluvaccinepastsafetytrials. [G]KeijiFukudaoftheWHOsummeditupthisway:There’smuchgreatervaccinecapacitythantherewasafewyearsagobutthereisnotenoughvaccinecapacitytoinstantlymakevaccinesfortheentireworld’spopulationforinfluenza. 45

某基层人民法院在其辖区内走访企业选择其中经济效益与社会效益俱佳的几家企业作为该法院的重点服务对象并在这几家企业门前挂出牌匾运用法学原理对此进行评析

人民民主专政与无产阶级专政在实质上是一致的包括

HereIwanttotrytogiveyouananswertothequestion:Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher Probablynotwopeoplewould1exactlysimilarlistsbutIthinkthefollowingwouldbegenerally2. Firsttheteacher’spersonalityshouldbepleasantly3andattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoarephysically4orevenuglybecausemanysuchhavegreatpersonal5Butit6ruleoutsuchtypesasthe7melancholyfrigidsarcasticfrustratedandoverbearing:Iwouldsaytoothatit8allofdullorpurelynegativepersonality. Secondlyitisnotmerelydesirable9essentialforateachertohaveagenuine10forsympathy—acapacitytotune11tothemindsandfeelingsofotherpeopleespeciallytothemindsandfeelingsofchildren.12relatedwiththisisthecapacitytobe13—notindeedofwhatiswrongbutofthefrailty意志薄弱andimmaturityofhumannaturewhich14peopleandagainespeciallychildrentomakemistakes. ThirdlyI15itessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thisdoesnotmeanbeingasaint.Itmeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthand16andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbe17Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbea18ofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteachingwhichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeableto19anact—toenlivenalessoncorrectafaultor20praise.Childrenespeciallyyoungchildrenliveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.5

被马克思誉为世界上第一个人权宣言的是

46ManyjournalismcriticshaverecentlyarguedthatAmericanjournalismisundergoingaprofoundchangebecauseitnowregularlymixesentertainmentwiththenews.Criticstypicallyarguethatthisentertainmentisintheformofsensationalisticcelebrity-scandal.InfactthereisalonghistoryofsensationalisminAmericanjournalismafactdocumentedbyseveraljournalismhistorians.47Butthemainpointofcontemporarycriticsisthatsensationalismandtabloid-styletechniqueswhichwerealwayspresentonthefringesofjournalismarenowbecomingthenorminAmericanjournalismandarebeingadoptedbyso-calledmainstreammediaaspartofeconomicsurvivalstrategiesinthecutthroatbusinessclimateofAmericanmassmedia.Thesecontemporarycriticstypicallyarguethatthereshouldbearigidboundarybetweenmainstreamjournalismandotherkindsofmasscommunicationsuchastabloidjournalism.48Thecriticsimplythatonekindofcommunicationismorelegitimateincertaincontextsthantheotherandeventhattabloidjournalismisnotjournalismatallbutisinsteadentertainment.Oneoftheclaimsmadebymassmediacriticsisthatjournalismjustrecentlygotworse.Butthismaybeaperennialcomplaint. 49Aquickreviewofjournalismcriticismrevealsthattheargumentthatjournalismusedtobebetterbutjustrecentlygotworseiscommonthroughoutthehistoryofjournalism.Thecritiquesusuallysaythatjournalismusedtomakebolddistinctionsbetweennewsandentertainmentbutnowcombinesthetwo.Thesecritiquesconstructthelogicalconclusionthatjournalismhassteadilydeclinedinqualityovermanyyears.50Takentogetherthecriticismsadduptotheconclusionsthatthepeoplewhousedtodojournalismwerebetterandhadhigherstandardsthanthoseoftodayandthatthedistinctionsbetweennewsandentertainmentusedtobegreater.ExamplesofthiscritiquecanbefoundineventheearliestdiscussionsofAmericanjournalism. ForinstancecriticspannedBenjaminDay’sNewYorkSunoftheearly1830sbecauseitoftencontainedhumorandsensationalnewsofsuicides.SimilarlysomecriticshatedJamesGordonBennett’sNewYorkHeraldofthemid-tolate-1830sbecauseitcontainedentertainingsatiricallywrittenpolicecourtreportsaswellasin-depthcrimestories.Bennettpioneeredthehuman-intereststoryorfeaturestorywhenhewroteinvividdetailin1836aboutthegrislymurderoftheprostituteHelenJewettquotinghermadamanddescribingJewett’sapartmentinminutedetail.Bennett’sday-by-daynarrativeoftheensuingsensationaltrialremindsusofhowjournalismandentertainingliteraturehavebeencombinedformanyyearstomakenewsworthystoriesmorepalatableforconsumption.Bennettwassoundlycriticizedbyhiscompetitorsandothersforblurringtheboundarybetweenjournalismandentertainment.HisdetractorsmanyofthemhiscompetitorswagedwhattheycalledaMoralWarinthelate1830sagainstBennettandhisenjoyablebutsensationalisticnewspaper.TheymaintainedthatBennettwasadeviantjournalistbecauseheblurredtheboundariesofjournalismbymakinghisnewspaperentertainingandpopular.ThoserunningtheMoralWaragainstBennettwereunsuccessfulatrunninghimoutofthejournalismbusinessbuttheydidseriouslywoundhisbusiness. Butthemainpointofcontemporarycriticsisthatsensationalismandtabloid-styletechniqueswhichwerealwayspresentonthefringesofjournalismarenowbecomingthenorminAmericanjournalismandarebeingadoptedbyso-calledmainstreammediaaspartofeconomicsurvivalstrategiesinthecutthroatbusinessclimateofAmericanmassmedia

Optimismistheartofalwaysseeingtheglasshalffull1halfemptyfindingsomethingpositiveineventhemost2ofsituationsandlastbutnotleasttheabilitytoexpectthebestevenifthechancesare3.Itenablesyoutotrynewthingsdealwithfailureasalearningexperience4astoppingpoint.Ingeneraloptimismgivesyouareasontolive.Theworldwouldbeabetterplaceifitwasfullofoptimism5unfortunatelythetrendintoday’syouthis6theoppositeway.Todayitis7tobepessimistic.Onecouldspendhoursdiscussinghowwearrivedatthispoint8ouryouthrefusestosmelltherosesandinsteadprefersto9themselvesontheirownpessimistic10. Optimismisnotan11giftbutratheralearnedbehavior12.Likemostbehaviorsoptimismisbestlearnedbywatchingexamples13you.Thefirststepincreatingagenerationofpeoplewithapositiveoutlookonlifeisto14lifeonthebrightsideyourself.15itwouldbewrongto16yourchildfromallnegativityitisimportantthatyouarenotthe17ofdoubtsandworries.Findingsomethingpositiveinanegativesituationneedstobe18Showhowtomakethebestofthingsbyalways19thepositivebyencouragingyourchildafteran20andbyexplainingoverandoverthatfailureisjustapartofprogress. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.1

Optimismistheartofalwaysseeingtheglasshalffull1halfemptyfindingsomethingpositiveineventhemost2ofsituationsandlastbutnotleasttheabilitytoexpectthebestevenifthechancesare3.Itenablesyoutotrynewthingsdealwithfailureasalearningexperience4astoppingpoint.Ingeneraloptimismgivesyouareasontolive.Theworldwouldbeabetterplaceifitwasfullofoptimism5unfortunatelythetrendintoday’syouthis6theoppositeway.Todayitis7tobepessimistic.Onecouldspendhoursdiscussinghowwearrivedatthispoint8ouryouthrefusestosmelltherosesandinsteadprefersto9themselvesontheirownpessimistic10. Optimismisnotan11giftbutratheralearnedbehavior12.Likemostbehaviorsoptimismisbestlearnedbywatchingexamples13you.Thefirststepincreatingagenerationofpeoplewithapositiveoutlookonlifeisto14lifeonthebrightsideyourself.15itwouldbewrongto16yourchildfromallnegativityitisimportantthatyouarenotthe17ofdoubtsandworries.Findingsomethingpositiveinanegativesituationneedstobe18Showhowtomakethebestofthingsbyalways19thepositivebyencouragingyourchildafteran20andbyexplainingoverandoverthatfailureisjustapartofprogress. Readtilefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCorDonANSWERSHEET1.17

一国两制的提出是为了解决的问题

宋史·刑法志三徒流折杖之法禁纲加密良民偶有抵冒致伤肌体为终身之辱愚顽之徒虽一时创痛而终无愧耻若使情理轻者复古居作之法遇赦第减月日使良善者知改过自新凶顽者有所拘系沈家本刑法分考流罪得免远徙徒罪得免役年笞杖得免决数请运用中国法制史的知识和理论分析上述文字并回答下列问题实施该制度的意义是什么

Inoursocietywemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-person1bythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbusesstandinfootballmatch2wearelikelytohaveconversations3wegiveinformationoropinionsandsometimeshaveourviews4byothermembersofsociety. Face-to-facecontactis5theonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearsthe6ofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings7othershavecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstlyinventivenesshas8advancesinprintingphotographyandsoon.Secondlyspeedhasrevolutionizedthe9andreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoften10abackseattonationalnews. Nolongeristhepossessionofinformation11toaprivilegedminority.Fortyyearsagopeopleusedto12tothecinemabutnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogramthat13intomillionsofhouses.Communicationisnolongermerelyconcerned14thetransmissionofinformation.Themoderncommunicationsindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowing15toinformationeducationandentertainment.Theprintingbroadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareall16withinformingeducatingandentertaining.17agreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesociety18whichheisapartthevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsis19toabuse.Howeverthemassmediaarewithusforbetterforworseandthereisnoturning20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.15

AnydaynowthefederalDepartmentofEducationwillformallyproposenewregulationsthatwouldcutofffederalaidtofor-profitcollegeswhosegraduatescannotearnenoughtorepaytheirstudentloans.Theregulationsknownasthegainfulemploymentrulesareanefforttoreininthehighdebtloadsstudentstakeonwhentheyenrollinfor-profitcollegesthatoffercertificatesordegreesinfieldslikenursingorculinaryarts.Studentsatfor-profitcollegesaremuchmorelikelythanotherstodefaultontheirloans.UndertheregulationsadraftofwhichcameoutinFebruaryfor-profitcollegeswouldnotbeeligibletoreceivefederalstudentaidiftheirgraduates’debtloadwastoohightoberepaidover10yearswith8percentoftheirstartingsalary.TheCareerCollegeAssociationwhichrepresents1450for-profitcollegesislobbyingfiercelyagainsttheregulationswhichitarguesarewrong-headedunnecessaryandlikelytorestrictneedystudents’accesstovocationaltrainingandhighereducation.Withsomanycommunitycollegesovercrowdedthefor-profitcollegessaytheirprogramsrepresentthenation’sbesthopefortrainingmuch-neededhealthcareworkersandtechnicians.ArneDuncantheSecretaryofEducationhasavoideddemonizingthefor-profitschools.InaMayspeechhesaidthatdespiteafewbadapplesfor-profitcollegesplayavitalroleinhelpingthenationreachtheObamaadministration’sgoalofhavingtheworld’sbest-educatedworkforceby2020.Advocacygroupsrepresentingstudentsandconsumersarelessdiplomatic.Theseprogramsover-promiseunderdeliverandloadvulnerablestudentsupwithwaytoomuchdebtsaidChrisLindstromhighereducationprogramdirectorattheU.S.PublicInterestResearchGrouppartofacoalitionofeducationconsumerstudentandpublicinterestgroupssupportingtheregulations.In2007coalitionmemberssaidstudentsatfor-profitcollegesmadeuponly7percentofthoseinhighereducationhut44percentofthosedefaultingonfederalstudentloans.AddingnewfueltothefirewasarecentpresentationataNewYorkconferenceforinvestorsbyStevenEismanahedge-fundmanagerknownforhavinganticipatedthehousingmarketcrash.Mr.EismanwhoseearlyawarenessofstructuralproblemsinthehousingmarketisdescribedinMichaelLewis’sbestsellerTheBigShortsaidthefor-profiteducationindustrylikethesubprimemortgageindustryhasrestedontheproliferationofloanstolow-incomepeoplewhowouldnotbeabletorepaythem.Federallawhaslongsaidthatfederalstudentaidcangoonlytofor-profitcollegesthatpreparestudentforgainfulemploymentinarecognizedoccupation.Butthisisthegovernment’sfirstefforttodefinegainfulemploymentinrelationtograduates’debt-to-incomeloads.Witharecordnumberofstudentsattendingprogramsthataresubjecttothisrequirementandarecordamountoftaxpayermoneybeingusedtoenablethemtoattendit’smoreimportantthanevertomakesurethey’regettingtheirmoney’sworthsaidPaulineAbernathyvicepresidentoftheInstituteforCollegeAccessandSuccess.Supportersofthenewregulationaccusefor-profitcollegesof

Inoursocietywemustcommunicatewithotherpeople.Agreatdealofcommunicatingisperformedonaperson-to-person1bythesimplemeansofspeech.Ifwetravelinbusesstandinfootballmatch2wearelikelytohaveconversations3wegiveinformationoropinionsandsometimeshaveourviews4byothermembersofsociety. Face-to-facecontactis5theonlyformofcommunicationandduringthelasttwohundredyearsthe6ofmasscommunicationhasbecomeoneofthedominatingfactorsofcontemporarysociety.Twothings7othershavecausedtheenormousgrowthofthecommunicationindustry.Firstlyinventivenesshas8advancesinprintingphotographyandsoon.Secondlyspeedhasrevolutionizedthe9andreceptionofcommunicationssothatlocalnewsoften10abackseattonationalnews. Nolongeristhepossessionofinformation11toaprivilegedminority.Fortyyearsagopeopleusedto12tothecinemabutnowfarmorepeoplesitathomeandturnontheTVtowatchaprogramthat13intomillionsofhouses.Communicationisnolongermerelyconcerned14thetransmissionofinformation.Themoderncommunicationsindustryinfluencesthewaypeopleliveinsocietyandbroadenstheirhorizonsbyallowing15toinformationeducationandentertainment.Theprintingbroadcastingandadvertisingindustriesareall16withinformingeducatingandentertaining.17agreatdealofthematerialcommunicatedbythemassmediaisveryvaluabletotheindividualandtothesociety18whichheisapartthevastmodernnetworkofcommunicationsis19toabuse.Howeverthemassmediaarewithusforbetterforworseandthereisnoturning20. Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordsforeachnumberedblankandmarkABCandDonANSWERSHEET1.1

MarriageinMen’sLivesisacourageousandinnovativebook:courageousbecauseittacklesapoliticallyandsociallychargedissue—marriageasasocialinstitution—inatimewhentextsonthefamilyportraymarriageasjustoneofanynumberofequallyvaluablelifestylechoices;innovativebecauseitlookscloselyatthewaysinwhichakeysocialinstitutionaffectsindividualsinthiscasethewaythatmarriageaffectsmen.Evenassexdifferenceswithinmarriagehavediminishedtheroleofhusbandstillplaysauniquefunctioninthelivesofmen.StevenNockarguesthatadolescentboysfacechallengesinbecomingmenthatadolescentgirlsdonotfaceinbecomingwomen.AccordingtoNockMasculinityisprecariousandmustbesustainedinadulthood.Normativemarriagedoesthis.Amandevelopssustainsanddisplayshismasculineidentityinhismarriage.Theadultrolesthatmenoccupyashusbandsarecoreaspectoftheirmasculinity.ThebehaviorsexpectedofmarriedmenashusbandsaccordingtoNockarethesamebehaviorsexpectedofhusbandsasmen.Sogettingmarriedandsuccessfullydoingthethingsthathusbandsdoallowsmentoachieveandsustaintheirmasculinity.NockarguesthatifmarriageprovidesamechanismthroughWhichmenestablishandmaintaintheirmasculinitymarriageshouldhaveconsistentandpredictableconsequences.Hereasonsthatnormativemarriagewillhavedifferentconsequencesthanotherformsofmarriage.Nockarguesthatmarriagecausesmentobecomemoresuccessfulparticipateinsociallifeandtobecomemorephilanthropic.Thisisintoday’sclimateofextremecautionaboutcausalrelationshipsaboldclaim.HetestsitusingdatafromtheNationalLongitudinalSurveyofYouthandfixedeffectmodelstoseparatechangesthataccompanyagingfromthosethathappenuniquelyatmarriage.TomeasureachievementNockusesannualincomeannualweeksworkedandoccupationalprestige.Hemeasuressocialparticipationwithtimespentonhouseworksocialcontactsandorganizationalinvolvement;andhemeasuresgenerositywithgiftstonon-relativesandloanstorelativesandnon-relatives.Tosummarizehisresultstoobrieflywhenmenmarrytheirachievementsriseonallmeasures;theyreducetheirtimeinhousework;increasetheircontactwithrelativeschurchservicesandchurcheventsandcoworkers;anddecreasecontactwithfriendsandtimeinbars.Whenmenmarrytheygivefewerandsmallergiftsandloanstonon-relativesandmoreandlargerloanstorelatives.Nockalsolooksatchangesineachofthemeasuresofadultachievementsocialparticipationandgenerositywithchangesineachofthedimensionsofnormativemarriage.Hefindsgenerallythatmovestowardnormativemarriageincreaseachievementssocialparticipationwithfamilyandreligiousorganizationsandgenerositytorelatives.Changestowardmorenormativemarriagealsoreducemen’stimeinhouseworktheirsocialcontactswithfriendsandsocialeventsinbars.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphthat

材料在某市人大代表工作研讨会上某区__主任提交了一篇论文其中写道第一言论免责即代表在人民代表大会各种会议上的发言和表决不受法律追究不仅在会议期间不受追究而且在会议期外也不受追究不仅在代表职务期间不受追究而且在代表职务终了后也不受追究该主任在研讨论会上一字不差地宣读了这一段请结合我国__学的相关知识分析上述材料并回答下列问题针对上述材料反映出的问题谈谈你对各级人大的工作看法

请对下列文字进行简要分析清末修律必须折中世界各国大同之良规兼采近世最新之学说亦不戾手中国数千年之礼教民情务期中外通行——大清法规大全·法律部和光绪朝东华录

46WhenNewmanpreparedhisdiscoursestheviewthatauniversitywasmorethanaplaceforteachinguniversalknowledgethatitwasalsoaplaceforprofessionaleducationandprimarilyaplacefortheendowmentoflearningorresearchwasprevalentenoughforhimtoreasserttheolderOxfordposition.HewasawareofthepressurebeingexertedonOxfordandCambridgetoprovidegreateropportunitiesforteachingthatwasrelatedtoinvestigationandnottocharacterformation.47Forcenturiesscholarsandscientistshadsoughtopeningswithinuniversitiesforworkthatwasnotnecessarilydirectlyrelatedtotheteachingofyoungpersonsoratleastteachingdominatedbyliterarytheologicalandmathematicalsubjects.ThereweresomesuccessesandnewhistoriesofOxfordandCambridgeuniversitiesareuncoveringmore.Evenwithinthecollegiatesystemwhereteachingtutorsratherthanresearchprofessorspredominatedresearchwasneveraltogetheroutofthequestionforuniversities.48Alifespentinteachingwillatsomepointshadeoverintoresearchorperhapsitisbettertosaystudysinceresearchissystematicstudyinagivenareaofknowledgeanditssubsequentdisseminationalthoughnotnecessarilythroughthemediumofthelecturehall.ButalthoughuniversityprofessorswrotebookssomeofthemoriginaltreatisesandnottextsandlearnedpaperswereproducedbyclassicistsphilosophersandscientiststheoverallintellectualenvironmentwasasNewmanwishedwhetherinEnglandorScotland.Theresearchfunctionhadnotbeenraisedtothelevelofanideology.Therewasnostrongcultureofresearchthatputapremiumonoriginalityandstressedtheimportanceofdiscoveryandadivisionofintellectuallabour.ItwasnotaneraofPh.D.candidatesandgraduateschoolsextra-muralgrantsandcontractresearch.Universityappointmentswerenotmadebecausepotentialfellowsandchairholderswereevaluatedfortheiroriginalcontributionstoknowledgeorcouldbepraisedforbeingonthecuttingedgeofintellectuallife.49Learned.yes;butthatmostoftenmeantanimpressivecommandofexistingknowledgewithnoexpectationthatscholarlyworkofseminalimportancetoaparticularfieldofinquirywassomedaylikelytoemergeand—mostimportantly—besystematicallydiffused.TheprincipalinstitutionalvictoriesofVictorianresearchersandtheirpredecessorslayelsewhereinthecreationoflearnedsocietiesbotanicalgardensmuseumslibrariesandspecializedinstitutions. Iftheobjectofauniversitywas...scientificandphilosophicaldiscoveryIdonotseewhyauniversityshouldhavestudentswroteNewman.TheteachingofstudentshadassumednewimportanceduringNewman’slifetime.InarguingforthetraditionalviewthatresearchwhileapossiblefunctionforuniversitiesshouldalwaysbesecondaryNewmanwasreflectingimportantinternaltransformationsthathadoccurredinhisyouth.50ThenewexaminationscultureintroducedatOxfordbythereformsof1800anddevelopedearlieratCambridgehadreinforcedteachingandstrengthenedtheholdofcollegesontheuniversity’spedagogicalmissionandanewgenerationofstudentsofwhichNewmanwasonehadineffectdemandedmoreattentionfromdonsandstimulatedmanyofthechangesthatimprovedtheintellectualstandingoftheancientuniversitiesofEngland. Forcenturiesscholarsandscientistshadsoughtopeningswithinuniversitiesforworkthatwasnotnecessarilydirectlyrelatedtotheteachingofyoungpersonsoratleastteachingdominatedbyliterarytheologicalandmathematicalsubjects

我国刑法第29条规定教唆不满18周岁的人犯罪的应当从重处罚这一规定属于

Monday’sSupremeCourtdecisiontoblockaclass-actionsex-discriminationlawsuitagainstWal-Martwasahugesetbackforasmanyas1.6millioncurrentandformerfemaleemployeesoftheworld’slargestretailer.Butthedecisionhasconsequencesthatrangefarbeyondsexdiscriminationortheviabilityofclass-actionsuits. TheunderlyingissuewhichtheSupremeCourthasnowratifiedisWal-Mart’sauthoritarianstylebywhichexecutivespressurestore-levelmanagementtosqueezemoreandmorefrommillionsofclerksstockersandlower-tiermanagers. 41______. Inthe1950sand’60snorthwestArkansaswhereWal-Martgotitsstartwaspoorwhiteandruralinthemidstofawaveofagriculturalmechanizationthatgeneratedahugesurplusofunskilledworkers.TothesemenandwomentheburgeoningchainofdiscountstoresfoundedbySamWaltonwasagodsend.ThemenmightfinddignitymanagingastoreinsteadofahardscrabblefarmwhiletheirwivesanddaughterscouldearnpinmoneyclerkingforMr.Sam.TheenthusiasmofWal-Martassociatestowardtheirjobsisoneofthecompany’sgreatestassetsdeclaredthefirm’s1973annualreport. 42______. Wal-MartattorneyshavearguedandtheSupremeCourtagreedthisweekthatevenifsexdiscriminationwasoncepartofthecompany’scultureitisnowancienthistory:ifanystoremanagersareguiltyofbiaswhenitcomestopromotingwomentheyareatoddswithcorporatepolicy.Wal-MartisnolongeranOzarkcompany;itisacosmopolitanmultinationaloperation. ButthatavoidsthemoreessentialpointnamelythatWal-Martviewslowlaborcostsandahighdegreeofworkplaceflexibilityasasignalcompetitiveadvantage.Itisamilitantlyanti-unioncompanythathasbeenforcedtopayhundredsofmillionsofdollarstocurrentandformeremployeesforviolationsofstatewageandhourlaws. TherearetensofthousandsofexperiencedWal-Martwomenwhowouldliketobepromotedtothefirstmanagerialrungsalariedassistantstoremanager.43______. WhyBecauseforallthechangethathassweptoverthecompanyatthestorelevelthereisstillafairamountoftheoldcommunalsociability.RecognizingthatworkerssteepedinthatculturemakepoorcandidatesforassistantmanagerswhoarethefrontlinesinenforcinglabordisciplineWal-Martinsiststhatalmostallworkerspromotedtothemanagerialranksmovetoanewstoreoftenhundredsofmilesaway.44______. 45______.Notunexpectedlysomemanagersthinkwomenwithfamilyresponsibilitieswouldbalkatsuchdemands. Foratimeitseemedasiftheclass-actionlawsuitmightbeapartialsubstitutefortheroleofunion.Bydrasticallylimitinghowaclass-actionsuitcanbebroughttheSupremeCourtleavesmillionsofservice-sectorworkerswithfewavenuestoescapethegrindingworklifeandlimitedopportunitiesthatsomanynowface. [A]ButWal-Martmakesitimpossibleformanyofthemtotakethatpostbecauseitsruthlessmanagementstylestructuresthejobitselfasonethatmostwomenandespeciallythosewithyoungchildrenorarelativetocareforwouldfinddifficulttoaccept. [B]Theobstaclestowomen’sadvancementdonotstopthere.Theworkweekforsalariedmanagersisaround50hoursormorewhichcansurgeto80or90hoursaweekduringholidayseasons. [C]Indeed.thesexdiscriminationatWal-Martthatdrovetherecentsuitistheproductnotmerelyofmanagerialbiasandprejudicebutalsoofacorporatecultureandbusinessmodelthatsustainsitrootedinthecompany’sverybeginnings. [D]EspeciallyinrecentyearsWal-Mart’ssame-storesaleshavedeclined.Workersofbothsexespaythepricebutwomenwhoconstitutemorethan70percentofhourlyemployeespaymore. [E]Apatriarchal男性统治或者主宰的ethoswaswrittenintotheWal-MartDNA.AndthatcorporateculturewasthesinglemostimportantelementinthecontinuedremarkablesuccessofWal-MartassertedDonSoderquistthecompany’schiefoperatingofficerinthe1990s. [F]Thereusedtobearemedyforthissortofmanagerialauthoritarianism:itwascalledaunionwhichbargainedovernotonlywagesandpensionsbutalsothekindofqualitativeissuesincludingpromotionandtransferpolicies. [G]Formiddle-agedwomencaringforfamiliesthiscorporatereassignmentpolicyamountstosexdiscrimination.TrueWal-Martishardlyaloneindemandingthatrisingmanagerssacrificefamilylifebutfewcompaniesmakerelocationsuchafixedpolicy. 45

我国__规定今后国家的根本任务是